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Wang J, Singer SD, Chen G. Biotechnological advances in the production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants and recombinant microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 76:108435. [PMID: 39214484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Certain plants and microorganisms can produce high amounts of unusual fatty acids (UFAs) such as hydroxy, conjugated, cyclic, and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have distinct physicochemical properties and significant applications in the food, feed, and oleochemical industries. Since many natural sources of UFAs are not ideal for large-scale agricultural production or fermentation, it is attractive to produce them through synthetic biology. Although several UFAs have been commercially or pre-commercially produced in transgenic plants and microorganisms, their contents in transgenic hosts are generally much lower than in natural sources. Moreover, reproducing this success for a wider spectrum of UFAs has remained challenging. This review discusses recent advancements in our understanding of the biosynthesis, accumulation, and heterologous production of UFAs, and addresses the challenges and potential strategies for achieving high UFA content in engineered plants and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St and 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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2
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Zhang X, Ngo H, Wagner K, Fan X, Wu C. Developmental toxicity and estrogenic activity of antimicrobial phenolic-branched fatty acids using in silico simulations and in vivo and in vitro bioassay. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1380485. [PMID: 39285929 PMCID: PMC11402896 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1380485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing safety and environmental concerns associated with biocides, phenolic-soy branched chain fatty acids (phenolic-soy BCFAs) are synthesized as new bio-based antimicrobial agents. Safety evaluation is essential before the wide adoption of these new antimicrobial products. This study was initiated to evaluate the safety of four phenolic-soy BCFAs (with phenol, thymol, carvacrol, or creosote branches). Methyl-branched iso-oleic acid, phenol, and creosote were included in the study as controls. In silico toxicity simulation tools predicted that the phenolic BCFAs had much higher toxicities to aquatic organisms than free phenolics did, while the opposite was predicted for rats. The developmental toxicity of four phenolic-soy BCFAs was assessed using an in vivo chicken embryonic assay. Results showed that creosote-soy BCFA had much lower mortality rates than creosote at the same dosages. Additionally, creosote-soy BCFA and methyl-branched iso-oleic acid induced minimal estrogenic activity in the concentration range of 10 nM - 1 µM. Carvacrol-soy BCFA treatments significantly increased (p < 0.05) oxidative stress levels with higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the livers of chicken embryos. Altogether, the phenolic-soy BCFAs, especially creosote-soy BCFA, reported in this study are potentially promising and safer bio-based antimicrobial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Helen Ngo
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Karen Wagner
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Xuetong Fan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Zhan W, Peng H, Xie S, Deng Y, Zhu T, Cui Y, Cao H, Tang Z, Jin M, Zhou Q. Dietary lauric acid promoted antioxidant and immune capacity by improving intestinal structure and microbial population of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109739. [PMID: 38960108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Lauric acid (LA), a saturated fatty acid with 12 carbon atoms, is widely regarded as a healthy fatty acid that plays an important role in disease resistance and improving immune physiological function. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary lauric acid on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and intestinal microbiology, and evaluate the potential of lauric acids an environmentally friendly additive in swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) culture. A total of 192 swimming crabs with an initial body weight of 11.68 ± 0.02 g were fed six different dietary lauric acid levels, the analytical values of lauric acid were 0.09, 0.44, 0.80, 1.00, 1.53, 2.91 mg/g, respectively. There were four replicates per treatment and 8 juvenile swimming crabs per replicate. The results indicated that final weight, percent weight gain, specific growth rate, survival and feed intake were not significantly affected by dietary lauric acid levels; however, crabs fed diets with 0.80 and 1.00 mg/g lauric acid showed the lowest feed efficiency among all treatments. Proximate composition in hepatopancreas and muscle were not significantly affected by dietary lauric acid levels. The highest activities of amylase and lipase in hepatopancreas and intestine were found at crabs fed diet with 0.80 mg/g lauric acid (P < 0.05), the activity of carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT) in hepatopancreas and intestine significantly decreased with dietary lauric acid levels increasing from 0.09 to 2.91 mg/g (P < 0.05). The lowest concentration of glucose and total protein and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in hemolymph were observed at crabs fed diets with 0.80 and 1.00 mg/g lauric acid among all treatments. The activity of GSH-Px in hepatopancreas significantly increased with dietary lauric acid increasing from 0.09 to 1.53 mg/g, MDA in hepatopancreas and hemolymph was not significantly influenced by dietary lauric acid levels. The highest expression of cat and gpx in hepatopancreas were exhibited in crabs fed diet with 1.00 mg/g lauric acid, however, the expression of genes related to the inflammatory signaling pathway (relish, myd88, traf6, nf-κB) were up-regulated in the hepatopancreas with dietary lauric acid levels increasing from 0.09 to 1.00 mg/g, moreover, the expression of genes related to intestinal inflammatory, immune and antioxidant were significantly affected by dietary lauric acid levels (P < 0.05). Crabs fed diet without lauric acid supplementation exhibited higher lipid drop area in hepatopancreas than those fed the other diets (P < 0.05). The expression of genes related to lipid catabolism was up-regulated, however, and the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis was down-regulated in the hepatopancreas of crabs fed with 0.80 mg/g lauric acid. Lauric acid improved hepatic tubular integrity, and enhanced intestinal barrier function by increasing peritrophic membrane (PM) thickness and upregulating the expression of structural factors (per44, zo-1) and intestinal immunity-related genes. In addition, dietary 1.00 mg/g lauric acid significantly improved the microbiota composition of the intestinal, increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Rhodobacteraceae, and decreased the abundance of Vibrio, thus maintaining the microbiota balance of the intestine. The correlation analysis showed that there was a relationship between intestinal microbiota and immune-antioxidant function. In conclusion, the dietary 1.00 mg/g lauric acid is beneficial to improve the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of swimming crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhan
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Hongyu Peng
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shichao Xie
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuhui Cui
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Haiqing Cao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Mellouk A, Michel V, Lemâle O, Goossens T, Consuegra J. Glycerides of lauric acid supplementation in the chicken diet enhances the humoral and cellular immune response to infectious bronchitis virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 274:110802. [PMID: 38924873 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Controlling pathogenic infections while reducing antibiotic usage is an important challenge during poultry production. In addition to vaccination strategies, several solutions to enhance the immune response against pathogens are evaluated. In this study, we aim to determine the effects of the glycerides of lauric acid (GLA) supplementation in chickens' diets on humoral and cellular immune response pathogenic infections, using an in vivo model of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). One-day-old Ross 308 broilers were vaccinated with live attenuated IBV and fed diets supplemented with or without GLA at 3 kg/ton. The levels of early (day 7) specific anti-IBV in sera were significantly increased in broilers fed GLA, compared to the control groups (P<0.05), showing a stronger primary humoral response. The secretion levels of main cytokines remained similar in spleens of all the experimental groups. However, the splenocytes from broilers fed GLA showed higher activation and effector abilities when measured by IFN-γ ELISpot in presence of N-261-280 IBV peptide or Concanavalin A (Con A), a pan T lymphocytes mitogen. In response to N-261-280 peptide, GLA group showed a 2-fold increase of spot numbers (P < 0.05) and 3-fold increase of spot surfaces (P < 0.01) compared to the control groups. Similarly, Con A stimulation showed a 2-fold increases in spot surfaces and numbers in the GLA supplemented group compared to the control group (P < 0.01). In summary, GLA supplementation in chicken feed enhances the primary humoral immune response and strengthen the T lymphocytes mediated cellular immune response. These findings demonstrate how GLA can improve chicken resilience against pathogenic challenges by enhancing their immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Mellouk
- Adisseo France S.A.S. European Laboratory of Innovation, Science & Expertise (ELISE), Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, 20 rue Prosper Monnet, Saint Fons 69190, France
| | - Virginie Michel
- Adisseo France S.A.S. European Laboratory of Innovation, Science & Expertise (ELISE), Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, 20 rue Prosper Monnet, Saint Fons 69190, France
| | - Olga Lemâle
- Adisseo France S.A.S. European Laboratory of Innovation, Science & Expertise (ELISE), Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, 20 rue Prosper Monnet, Saint Fons 69190, France
| | - Tim Goossens
- Adisseo France S.A.S. European Laboratory of Innovation, Science & Expertise (ELISE), Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, 20 rue Prosper Monnet, Saint Fons 69190, France
| | - Jessika Consuegra
- Adisseo France S.A.S. European Laboratory of Innovation, Science & Expertise (ELISE), Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, 20 rue Prosper Monnet, Saint Fons 69190, France.
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Wang S. From Palm to Plate: Unveiling the Potential of Coconut as a Plant-Based Food Alternative. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15058-15076. [PMID: 38920018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
This review investigates coconut as a sustainable and nutrient-rich plant-based alternative to traditional animal-based food sources. We have explored the nutritional profile, culinary versatility, particularly focusing on the use of coconut meat, milk, cream, and oil in diverse dietary contexts when consumed in balance. Comparative analysis with animal-derived products reveals the high content of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), essential vitamins, and minerals in coconut, contrasted with its lower protein content. Researchers have underscored the environmental sustainability of coconut, advocating for its role in eco-friendly food production chains. We have also addressed challenges like potential allergies, nutritional balance, sensory attributes, and consumer motivations for coconut-based products, in terms of understanding the market dynamics. In conclusion, this review positions coconut as a promising candidate within sustainable diet frameworks, advocating for further research to augment its nutritional value, sensory characteristics, and product stability, thereby facilitating its integration into health-conscious and eco-centric dietary practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Tognocchi M, Abenaim L, Adamaki-Sotiraki C, Athanassiou GC, Rumbos IC, Mele M, Conti B, Conte G. Effect of different diet composition on the fat profile of two different black soldier fly larvae populations. Animal 2024; 18:101205. [PMID: 38905779 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL) can transform organic wastes into nutritional biomass useful in animal feeding. The aim of this work was to study the effect of five diets (meat, fruit, vegetable substrates, a mix of them and control) on the profile of fatty acids (FAs) and sterols of BSFL. For a more exhaustive characterization of the nutritional properties, the profile of esterified FAs in the sn-2 position of the triglycerides, the most absorbed lipid component during animal digestion was evaluated. The dietary effect was estimated on two different Hermetia illucens populations (Greek - UTH and Italian - UNIPI). The diet affected all the lipid fractions examined. Regardless of diet, the fat was characterized mainly of lauric acid and other saturated FAs, which were found to be synthesized by the larvae, as it was not present in any of the five substrates. In general, UTH larvae contained a higher level of lipids (7.38 vs 2.48 g/100 g of larvae; P < 0.001) and saturated FAs (49.71 vs 36.10 g/100 g of Total Lipids; P < 0.001) and a lower percentage of monounsaturated FAs (14.74 vs 26.70 g/100 g of Total Lipids), C18:3n-3 (0.67 vs 1.13 g/100 g of Total Lipids; P < 0.001), and C18:2c9t11 (2.02 vs 2.80 g/100 g of Total Lipids; P < 0.001). Irrespective of the populations, BSFL reared on control and fruit substrates showed higher level of lipids (8.06 and 5.61 g/100 g of larvae, respectively), and saturated FA (38.99 and 71.19 g/100 g of Total Lipids, respectively), while the presence of meat increased the level of C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3 (0.70, 0.13 and 0.45 g/100 g of Total Lipids, respectively). The results confirmed that BSFL accumulate phytosterols in their lipid fraction. The sterol profile was strongly influenced by the substrate on which the larvae were reared, with higher levels of cholesterol in the larvae of the meat group (38.55 mg/100 g of Total Lipids) and of stigmasterol and campesterol (9.04 and 15.23 mg/100 g of Total Lipids, respectively) in those of the vegetable group. The sterol content between the two populations was significantly different, with a higher percentage in UTH larvae (113.28 vs 34.03 mg/100 g of Total Lipids; P < 0.001). Finally, BSFLs showed a high plasticity of the lipid profile depending on both the substrate and the metabolism linked to the different populations. This variability allows the nutritional characteristics of the BSFL to be shaped by modifying the substrate, to adapt it to the technological and feeding needs to which the larvae are destined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tognocchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Abenaim
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Adamaki-Sotiraki
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - G C Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - I C Rumbos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - M Mele
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Conti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceutical and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Anas MA, Aprianto MA, Akit H, Muhlisin, Kurniawati A, Hanim C. Black soldier fly larvae oil (Hermetia illucens L.) calcium salt enhances intestinal morphology and barrier function in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103777. [PMID: 38713986 PMCID: PMC11091524 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of black soldier fly larvae oil calcium salt (BSFLO-SCa) supplementation on performance, jejunal histomorphology and gene expression of tight junctions and inflammatory cytokines in laying hens. A total of 60 ISA Brown laying hens (40 wk of age) were divided into 3 treatment groups, including a control group fed a basal diet (T0) and basal diets supplemented with 1% (T1) and 2% (T2) of BSFLO-SCa. Each treatment group consisted of 5 replicates with 4 laying hens each. Results showed that 1% and 2% BSFLO-SCa supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), while egg weight (EW) increased (P < 0.05). The inclusion with 2% increased (P < 0.05) both egg production (HDA) and mass (EM). The addition of 1% and 2% BSFLO-SCa significantly increased (P < 0.05) villus height (VH) and villus width (VW), while crypt depth (CD) significantly increased (P < 0.05) with 2% BSFLO-SCa. The tight junction and gene expression of claudin-1 (CLDN-1), junctional adhesion molecules-2 (JAM-2), and occludin (OCLN) were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) with 2% BSFLO-SCa. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) with the addition of BSFLO-SCa, while gene expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were downregulated with 2% BSFLO-SCa. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) at 2% BSFLO-SCa. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 2% BSFLO-SCa improved productivity, intestinal morphology and integrity by upregulating tight junction-related protein of gene expression of laying hens. In addition, supplementation with BSFLO-SCa enhanced intestinal immune responses by upregulating anti-inflammatory and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Al Anas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Anang Aprianto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhlisin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Asih Kurniawati
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Chusnul Hanim
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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M A, I MA, Ramalingam K, Shanmugam R. Biomedical Applications of Lauric Acid: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e62770. [PMID: 39036266 PMCID: PMC11260118 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lauric acid, a major component of coconut oil, has been studied for its various health benefits over the years. Lauric acid is a medium-chained fatty acid with several potential biomedical applications based on its antimicrobial action, capacity for drug delivery, tissue engineering scaffolds, and cleansing capabilities. Various studies are carried out in vitro and in vivo using experimental animals, such as rats, shedding light on the efficacy of lauric acid. The studies related to lauric acid were brought under one umbrella and emphasized the need for further research to explore the efficacy of lauric acid in human health. This review aims to scientifically assess the reported data and present a narrative review on lauric acid in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena M
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Meignana Arumugham I
- Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
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Vass RA, Zhang M, Simon Sarkadi L, Üveges M, Tormási J, Benes EL, Ertl T, Vari SG. Effect of Holder Pasteurization, Mode of Delivery, and Infant's Gender on Fatty Acid Composition of Donor Breast Milk. Nutrients 2024; 16:1689. [PMID: 38892622 PMCID: PMC11174728 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast milk (BM) plays a crucial role in providing essential fatty acids (FA) and energy for the growing infant. When the mother's own BM is not available, nutritional recommendations suggest donor milk (DM) in clinical and home practices. BM was collected from a variety of donor mothers in different lactation stages. Holder pasteurization (HoP) eliminates potential contaminants to ensure safety. FA content of BM samples from the Breast Milk Collection Center of Pécs, Hungary, were analyzed before and after HoP. HoP decreases the level of C6:0, C8:0, C14:1n-5c, C18:1n-9c, C18:3n-6c, C18:3n-3c, and C20:4n-6c in BM, while C14:0, C16:0, C18:1n-9t, C22:0, C22:1n-9c, C24:0, C24:1n-9c, and C22:6n-3c were found in elevated concentration after HoP. We did not detect time-dependent concentration changes in FAs in the first year of lactation. BM produced for girl infants contains higher C20:2n-6c levels. In the BM of mothers who delivered via cesarean section, C12:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9t, C22:1n-9c levels were higher, while C18:2n-6c, C22:0, C24:0, and C22:6n-3c concentrations were lower compared to mothers who gave birth spontaneously. FAs in BM are constant during the first year of lactation. Although HoP modifies the concentration of different FAs, pasteurized DM provides essential FAs to the developing infant. Current data providing information about the FA profile of BM gives origination to supplementation guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Anna Vass
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magyar Imre Hospital, 8400 Ajka, Hungary
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Z.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Livia Simon Sarkadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (M.Z.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Márta Üveges
- Division of Chemical, Noise, Vibration, and Lighting Technology Laboratories, Department of Methodology and Public Health Laboratories, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, 1096 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Judit Tormási
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (J.T.); (E.L.B.)
| | - Eszter L. Benes
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; (J.T.); (E.L.B.)
| | - Tibor Ertl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sandor G. Vari
- International Research and Innovation in Medicine Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
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Acácio BR, Prada AL, Neto SF, Gomes GB, Perdomo RT, Nazario CED, Neto ES, Martines MAU, de Almeida DAT, Gasparotto Junior A, Amado JRR. Cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effect, and acute oral toxicity of a novel Attalea phalerata kernel oil-loaded nanocapsules. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116308. [PMID: 38626517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The kernel oil of the Attalea phalerata Mart. Ex Spreng (Acurí) is traditionally used in several Latin American countries to treat respiratory problems, inflammation, and fever. However, it cannot be found on the literature any attend to use this oil in pharmaceutical formulation. In this paper, it was developed Acurí oil-loaded nanocapsules, and it was evaluated the cytotoxicity against cancer cells, the antinflammatory activity and the oral acute toxicity in rats. Acurí oil contains lauric acid as the predominant saturated fatty acid (433.26 mg/g) and oleic acid as the main unsaturated fatty acid (180.06 mg/g). The Acurí oil-loaded nanocapsules showed a size of 237 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.260, and a high ζ-potential of -78.75 mV. It was obtained an encapsulation efficiency of 88.77%, and the nanocapsules remain stable on the shelf for 180 days. The nanocapsules showed a rapid release profile (98.25% in 40 minutes). Nanocapsules at a dose of 10 mg/kg exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect similar to indomethacin at the same dose. The nanocapsules showed excellent antiproliferative effect and selectivity index against prostate tumor cells (IC50 2.09 µg/mL, SI=119.61) and kidney tumor cells (IC50 3.03 µg/mL, SI=82.50). Both Acurí oil and Acurí oil-loaded nanocapsules are nontoxic at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Additionally, they reduce serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in rat and could find application in nutraceutical formulations. The Acurí oil-loaded nanocapsules emerge as a promising candidate for new antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rodrigues Acácio
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ariadna Lafourcade Prada
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Serafim Florentino Neto
- Laboratory of Innovation in Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Giovana Bicudo Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Trentin Perdomo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Food, and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Sobieski Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Ayr Tavares de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jesus Rafael Rodriguez Amado
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Fan L, Zhu X, Chen Q, Huang X, Steinwandel MD, Shrubsole MJ, Dai Q. Dietary medium-chain fatty acids and risk of incident colorectal cancer in a predominantly low-income population: a report from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:7-17. [PMID: 37898435 PMCID: PMC10808834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No prospective observational study has specifically examined the associations between dietary intakes of medium-chain fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between dietary intakes of medium-chain fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk overall and by racial subgroups in a predominantly low-income United States population. METHODS This prospective study included 71,599 eligible participants aged 40 to 79 who were enrolled in the Southern Community Cohort Study between 2002 and 2009 in 12 southeastern United States states. Incident colorectal cancer cases were ascertained via linkage to state cancer registries, which was completed through 31 December, 2016. The dietary intakes of medium-chain fatty acids were assessed using a validated 89-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between intakes of medium-chain fatty acids and risk for incident colorectal cancer. RESULTS Among 71,599 participants, 48,008 (67.3%) were Black individuals and 42,260 (59.0%) were female. A total of 868 incident colorectal cancer cases occurred during a median follow-up of 13.7 y. Comparing the highest to the lowest quartile, high intake of dodecanoic acid/lauric acid (C12:0) was associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer among White participants (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.91; P-trend = 0.05), but not in Black individuals (HR: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.68, 1.24; P-trend = 0.80) in multivariable-adjusted models. No associations were found between intakes of hexanoic acid/caproic acid (C6:0), octanoic acid/caprylic acid (C8:0), or decanoic acid/capric acid (C10:0) and risk of incident colorectal cancer overall or within racial subgroups. CONCLUSIONS In a predominantly low-income United States population, an increased dietary C12:0 intake was associated with a substantially reduced risk of colorectal cancer only among White individuals, but not in Black individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Qingxia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
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12
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Shaheryar ZA, Khan MA, Hameed H, Zaidi SAA, Anjum I, Rahman MSU. Lauric acid provides neuroprotection against oxidative stress in mouse model of hyperglycaemic stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175990. [PMID: 37572940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
During ischemic stroke, higher glucose level linked worse outcomes were reported even in patients without pre-existing diabetes. Evidence suggest that such worse stroke outcomes were mainly due to production of reactive, toxic glucose metabolites that expands oxidative damage inside the brain. As a consequence of high oxidative stress, microvasculature structures and tight junctions compromised their functionally, infarct volume expands and brain edema exacerbates. In a mouse model of ischemic stroke with induced acute hyperglycaemia, Lauric acid (LA) as a natural saturated fatty acid demonstrated neuroprotection by attenuating infarct volume and brain edema. In addition, in the ipsilateral hyperglycaemic brain, the LA significantly increased the expression of tight junction representative protein (occludin) as well as anti-oxidative markers; Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn) SOD, Extracellular superoxide dismutase (Ec-SOD) and nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the ipsilateral region against hyperglycemic ischemic stroke. LA treated animals showed a significant reduction in the production of lipid peroxidation products (4-HNE) in the microvascular structures, maintained the blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity. LA linked neuroprotective outcomes were further confirmed by behavioral tests, where functional outcomes and motor coordination were improved significantly. Furthermore, LA treatment enhanced food intake, decreased mortality rate, and net body weight loss. Conclusively, LA modulated ischemic insult exacerbated by hyperglycemia and provided neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahtab Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Awais Ali Zaidi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sahara University Narowal, Narowal, 51600, Pakistan.
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-E-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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13
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Tong Y, Guo H, Abbas Z, Zhang J, Wang J, Cheng Q, Peng S, Yang T, Bai T, Zhou Y, Li J, Wei X, Si D, Zhang R. Optimizing postbiotic production through solid-state fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN4 enhances antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1229952. [PMID: 37744928 PMCID: PMC10512978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1229952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postbiotics are an emerging research interest in recent years and are fairly advanced compared to prebiotics and probiotics. The composition and function of postbiotics are closely related to fermentation conditions. Methods In this study, we developed a solid-state fermentation preparation method for postbiotics with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antibacterial activity was improved 3.62 times compared to initial fermentation conditions by using optimization techniques such as single factor experiments, Plackett-Burman design (PBD), steepest ascent method (SAM), and central composite design (CCD) methods. The optimized conditions were carried out with an initial water content of 50% for 8 days at 37°C and fermentation strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN4 at a ratio of 1:1 with a total inoculum size of 8%. The optimized SSF medium content ratios of peptide powder, wheat bran, corn flour, and soybean meal were 4, 37.4, 30, and 28.6%, respectively. Results Under these optimized conditions, postbiotics with a concentration of 25 mg/mL showed significant broad-spectrum antibacterial capabilities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus and strong antioxidant activity against ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals. Moreover, the optimized postbiotics exhibited good anti-inflammatory ability for reducing nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in response to LPS-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the postbiotics significantly improved intestinal epithelial wound healing capabilities after mechanical injury, such as cell scratches in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion In brief, we developed postbiotics through optimized solid-state fermentation with potential benefits for gut health. Therefore, our findings suggested that the novel postbiotics could be used as potential functional food products for improving body health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Tong
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - He'nan Guo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaheer Abbas
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyue Peng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Bai
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Zhou
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhuan Li
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Si
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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M A, I MA, Ramalingam K, S R. Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Effects of Chitosan Thiocolchicoside-Lauric Acid Nanogel. Cureus 2023; 15:e46003. [PMID: 37900405 PMCID: PMC10600588 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study explored the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of a combination of chitosan thiocolchicoside and lauric acid (CTLA) nanogel. Materials and methods: A nanogel formulation of thiocolchicoside and lauric acid was developed and tested for potential applications. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the well diffusion method, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) antioxidant assay methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined through the egg albumin denaturation method, the bovine serum albumin denaturation method, and the membrane stabilization assay. A brine shrimp lethality assay was used to study the cytotoxic effect of the nanogel. RESULTS We identified significant positive outcomes for the CTLA nanogel. The results showed a percentage of inhibition of 81% at 50μg/mL, which showed the nanogel's significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting bovine serum albumin denaturation. The anti-inflammatory properties of the nanogel were comparable to the standard diclofenac sodium at all tested concentrations. The egg albumin denaturation assay results revealed a percentage inhibition of 76% at 50 μg/mL. In the membrane stabilization assay, a percentage inhibition of 86% was obtained at a concentration of 50 μg/mL against 89% for the standard drug. The nanogel exhibited a zone of inhibition of 20 mm against Streptococcus mutans and 22 mm with a dilution of 100 µg/mL of CTLA nanogel against Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity was studied by using the DPPH method, 50 μg/ml has an 89% inhibition, which was similar to the standard. The inhibitory activity of CTLA nanogel at 50 μg/ml was 81.6% in the hydroxyl free radical scavenging assay, which was comparable to the standard drug. At 5 μg/mL concentration of CTLA nanogel, approximately 90% of the nauplii remained alive after 48 hours. CONCLUSION The CTLA nanogel showed excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties suggesting its potential for managing inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena M
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Meignana Arumugham I
- Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar S
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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15
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M A, I MA, Ramalingam K, S R, Perumal E. Cytocompatibility and Wound Healing Activity of Chitosan Thiocolchicoside Lauric Acid Nanogel in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells. Cureus 2023; 15:e43727. [PMID: 37727182 PMCID: PMC10505684 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the cytocompatibility effect and wound healing activity of chitosan thiocolchicoside lauric acid (CTL) nanogel using human gingival fibroblast (hGF) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS hGF cells were established from gingival tissue as per the standard cell isolation protocol. The cytocompatibility effect was assessed using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. A scratch wound healing assay was performed to assess the wound-healing potential of CTL nanogel. For the nuclear morphological changes analysis, acridine orange staining was used in gingival fibroblast cells. The stained nuclei were viewed under a fluorescent microscope. ANOVA with posthoc analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5 software (Dotmatics, Boston, Massachusetts). The significance level (p-value) was expressed as <0.05. Results: CTL nanogel did not show any significant cytotoxicity at concentrations 10-80 µl/ml (p<0.05). CTL nanogel at a concentration of 40µl/ml has a cytocompatibility effect on hGF cells and increases cell viability. In vitro scratch wound healing assay resulted in faster wound healing and cell migration with CTL nanogel when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION CTL nanogel has a significant effect on cell proliferation at various concentrations, which suggests its use as a safe and effective drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena M
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
- Oral Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, IND
| | - Meignana Arumugham I
- Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar S
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Elumalai Perumal
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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16
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Hirano R, Nishita I, Nakai R, Bito A, Sasabe R, Kurihara S. Development of culture methods capable of culturing a wide range of predominant species of intestinal bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1056866. [PMID: 37520440 PMCID: PMC10374021 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1056866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of non-cultivation approaches, it has become evident that intestinal bacteria have a significant impact on human health. However, because one-third of the genes cannot be annotated, it is difficult to elucidate the function of all intestinal bacteria by in silico analysis, and it is necessary to study the intestinal bacteria by culturing them. In addition, various media recommended for each individual bacterium have been used for culturing intestinal bacteria; however, the preparation of each medium is complex. To simultaneously culture many bacteria and compare bacterial phenotypes under the same conditions, a medium capable of culturing a wide range of bacteria is needed. In this study, we developed GAM + blood medium (GB medium), which consists of Gifu anaerobic medium containing 5% (v/v) horse blood; it is easy to prepare and it allowed the successful cultivation of 85% of the available predominant species in the human intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Hirano
- Host Microbe Interaction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishita
- Host Microbe Interaction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Riho Nakai
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Bito
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Sasabe
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Japan
| | - Shin Kurihara
- Host Microbe Interaction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Japan
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Hu X, Dong R, Huang S, Zeng Y, Zhan W, Gao X, Tian D, Peng J, Xu J, Wang T, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu J, Guang B, Yang T. CDBN-YGXZ, a Novel Small-Molecule Drug, Shows Efficacy against Clostridioides difficile Infection and Recurrence in Mouse and Hamster Infection Models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0170422. [PMID: 37052498 PMCID: PMC10190532 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01704-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes severe diarrhea and colitis, leading to significant morbidity, mortality, and high medical costs worldwide. Oral vancomycin, a first-line treatment for CDI, is associated with a high risk of recurrence, necessitating novel therapies for primary and recurrent CDI. A novel small-molecule compound, CDBN-YGXZ, was synthesized by modifying the benzene ring of nitazoxanide with lauric acid. The mechanism of action of CDBN-YGXZ was validated using a pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) inhibition assay. The efficacy of CDBN-YGXZ was evaluated using the MIC test and CDI infection model in mice and hamsters. Furthermore, metagenomics was used to reveal the underlying reasons for the effective reduction or prevention of CDI after CDBN-YGXZ treatment. The inhibitory activity against PFOR induced by CDBN-YGXZ. MIC tests showed that the in vitro activity of CDBN-YGXZ against C. difficile ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 μg/mL. In the mouse and hamster CDI models, CDBN-YGXZ provided protection during both treatment and relapse, while vancomycin treatment resulted in severe relapse and significant clinical scores. Compared with global effects on the indigenous gut microbiota induced by vancomycin, CDBN-YGXZ treatment had a mild influence on gut microbes, thus resulting in the disappearance or reduction of CDI recurrence. CDBN-YGXZ displayed potent activity against C. difficile in vitro and in vivo, reducing or preventing relapse in infected animals, which could merit further development as a potential drug candidate for treating CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Renhan Dong
- Chengdu Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yisheng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhan
- Chengdu Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiewei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bing Guang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Chengdu Biobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tai Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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18
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Sampaio RSL, Pereira RLS, Coutinho HDM, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Bezerra Morais-Braga MF, Santana MDS, Silva MEPD, Santos ATLD, Fonseca VJA, Costa AR, Silva VBD, Rodrigues FC, Bezerra JJL, Raposo A, Lima JPMD, Barros LM. Chemical composition and antimicrobial potential of Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. and Syagrus cearensis Noblick (Arecaceae). Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106147. [PMID: 37169312 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic effects of the fixed oils of Acrocomia aculeata (FOAA) and Syagrus cearenses (FOSC) against the bacterial strains and the fungi strains of the genus Candida spp. The method of serial microdilution using different concentrations was used for measuring the individual biological activity of the fixed oils. The fixed oil of A. aculeata showed the presence of oleic acid (24.36%), while the oil of S. cearensis displayed the content of myristic acid (18.29%), compounds detected in high concentration. The combination FOAA + Norfloxacin, and FOSC + Norfloxacin showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus strains, demonstrating possible synergism and potentiation of the antibiotic action against multidrug-resistant strains. The combination FOAA + Fluconazole displayed a significant effect against Candida albicans (IC50 = 15.54), C. krusei (IC50 = 78.58), and C. tropicalis (IC50 = 1588 μg/mL). Regarding FOSC + Fluconazole, it was also observed their combined effect against the strains of C. albicans (IC50 = 3385 μg/mL), C. krusei (IC50 = 26.67 μg/mL), and C. tropicalis (IC50 = 1164 μg/mL). The findings of this study showed a significant synergism for both fixed oils tested when combined with the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Samuel Leite Sampaio
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology - LECOV, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Luiz Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology-LMBM, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology-LMBM, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
- Cariri Applied Mycology Laboratory - LMAC, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Mariana Dos Santos Santana
- Cariri Applied Mycology Laboratory - LMAC, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Maria Elenilda Paulino da Silva
- Cariri Applied Mycology Laboratory - LMAC, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Antonia Thassya Lucas Dos Santos
- Cariri Applied Mycology Laboratory - LMAC, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Victor Juno Alencar Fonseca
- Cariri Applied Mycology Laboratory - LMAC, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Adrielle Rodrigues Costa
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology - LECOV, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, s/n, Rua Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, Pernambuco, 50.670-901, Brazil.
| | - Felicidade Caroline Rodrigues
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, s/n, Rua Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, Pernambuco, 50.670-901, Brazil.
| | - José Jailson Lima Bezerra
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, s/n, Rua Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, Pernambuco, 50.670-901, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Luiz Marivando Barros
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology - LECOV, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato, 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
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Kim SY, Shin SY, Park SJ, Im JP, Kim HJ, Lee KM, Kim JW, Jung SA, Lee J, Kang SB, Shin SJ, Kim ES, Kim YS, Kim TO, Kim HS, Park DI, Kim HK, Kim ES, Kim YH, Teng D, Kim JH, Kim W, Saeed M, Moon JM, Kim K, Choi CH, Choi HK. Changes in fecal metabolic and lipidomic features by anti-TNF treatment and prediction of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231168199. [PMID: 37153496 PMCID: PMC10161336 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231168199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic targets for ulcerative colitis (UC) and prediction models of antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy outcomes have not been fully reported. Objective Investigate the characteristic metabolite and lipid profiles of fecal samples of UC patients before and after adalimumab treatment and develop a prediction model of clinical remission following adalimumab treatment. Design Prospective, observational, multicenter study was conducted on moderate-to-severe UC patients (n = 116). Methods Fecal samples were collected from UC patients at 8 and 56 weeks of adalimumab treatment and from healthy controls (HC, n = 37). Clinical remission was assessed using the Mayo score. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses were performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and nano electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, respectively. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to establish a remission prediction model. Results Fecal metabolites in UC patients markedly differed from those in HC at baseline and were changed similarly to those in HC during treatment; however, lipid profiles did not show these patterns. After treatment, the fecal characteristics of remitters (RM) were closer to those of HC than to those of non-remitters (NRM). At 8 and 56 weeks, amino acid levels in RM were lower than those in NRM and similar to those in HC. After 56 weeks, levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate, lysine, and phenethylamine decreased, and dodecanoate level increased in RM similarly to those in HC. The prediction model of long-term remission in male patients based on lipid biomarkers showed a higher performance than clinical markers. Conclusion Fecal metabolites in UC patients markedly differ from those in HC, and the levels in RM are changed similarly to those in HC after anti-TNF therapy. Moreover, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lysine, phenethylamine, and dodecanoate are suggested as potential therapeutic targets for UC. A prediction model of long-term remission based on lipid biomarkers may help implement personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jong Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang-Moon Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Catholic University of Korea St. Vincent’s Hospital, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Jung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ewha Woman’s University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Catholic University of Korea Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Oh Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Kil Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Maham Saeed
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Professor of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- Professor of College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Fruci M, Kithama M, Kiarie EG, Shao S, Liu H, Topp E, Diarra MS. Effects of partial or complete replacement of soybean meal with commercial black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal on growth performance, cecal short chain fatty acids, and excreta metabolome of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102463. [PMID: 36758368 PMCID: PMC9941379 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) is receiving great attention as a rich source of protein and antimicrobials for poultry. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of partially or completely replacing soybean meal (SBM) with commercial BSFLM on growth performance, tibia traits, cecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, and excreta metabolomes in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). A total of 480 day-old male Ross × Ross 708 chicks were assigned to 6 diets (8 replicates/diet): a basal corn-SBM diet with in-feed bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), a corn-SBM diet without BMD (0% BSFLM), and four diets in which the SBM was substituted with 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% BSFLM. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and cumulative feed conversion ratio (cFCR) were monitored on days 14, 28, and 35. Cecal SCFA levels were determined on days 14, 28, and 35. Tibia traits and excreta metabolomes were determined on day (d) 35. On d14, birds fed 12.5 and 25% BSFLM had a similar BW, FI, and cFCR as birds fed BMD (P > 0.05). On d 35, birds fed 12.5% BSFLM had a similar BW, FI and cFCR as birds fed BMD or 0% BSFLM (P > 0.05). For each phase, birds fed 100% BSFLM had a lower BW, FI and higher cFCR than birds fed BMD or 0% BSFLM (P < 0.05). On d 35, BW decreased linearly, quadratically, and cubically with increasing levels of BSFLM (P < 0.01). Overall (d 0-35), BSFLM linearly, quadratically, and cubically decreased FI and quadratically and cubically increased cFCR (P < 0.01). Quadratic responses were observed for tibia fresh weight (P = 0.049) and ash content (P = 0.022). BSFLM did not impact cecal SCFAs levels. The excreta metabolome of birds fed 100% BSFLM clustered independently from all other groups and exhibited greater levels of putatively identified methionine, lysine, valine, glutamine, histidine and lower levels of arginine as compared to all diets. Taken together, substitution of SBM with ≤25% of BSFLM in the starter phase may be used as an alternative to BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fruci
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Munene Kithama
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huaizhi Liu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Rincón-Cervera MÁ, Lahlou A, Chileh-Chelh T, Lyashenko S, López-Ruiz R, Guil-Guerrero JL. Arecaceae Seeds Constitute a Healthy Source of Fatty Acids and Phenolic Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:226. [PMID: 36678939 PMCID: PMC9867020 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of most Arecaceae species are an underutilized raw material that can constitute a source of nutritionally relevant compounds. In this work, seeds of 24 Arecaceae taxa were analyzed for fatty acids (FAs) by GC-FID, for phenolics by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS, and for their antitumor activity against the HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line by the MTT assay. Lauric, oleic, and linoleic acids were the prominent FAs. Cocoseae species contained total FAs at 28.0-68.3 g/100 g seeds, and in other species total FAs were from 1.2 (Livistona saribus) to 9.9 g/100 g (Washingtonia robusta). Sabal domingensis, Chamaerops humilis, and Phoenix dactylifera var. Medjool had unsaturated/saturated FA ratios of 1.65, 1.33-1.78, and 1.31, respectively, and contained 7.4, 5.5-6.3, and 6.4 g FAs/100 g seeds, respectively. Thus, they could be used as raw materials for healthy oilseed production. Phenolics ranged between 39 (Livistona fulva) and 246 mg/100 g (Sabal palmetto), and of these, caffeic acid, catechin, dactylifric acid, and rutin had the highest values. (-)-Epicatechin was identified in most seed extracts by LC-MS. Hydroalcoholic extracts from five species showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on HT-20 cells growth at 72 h (GI50 at 1533-1968 µg/mL). Overall, Arecaceae seeds could be considered as a cheap source of health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Rincón-Cervera
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul 7830490, Chile
| | - Abdallah Lahlou
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Tarik Chileh-Chelh
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Svetlana Lyashenko
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Chemical-Physical Department, Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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22
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Cheepurupalli L, Diaz A, Gopal AC, Rathore SS, Ramakrishnan V, Ramakrishnan J. In vitro and in silico screening of Klebsiella pneumoniae new Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 inhibitors from endophytic Streptomyces spp. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13593-13605. [PMID: 34657563 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1990132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The increase in drug resistance over the last two decades is a big threat in health care settings. More importantly, the dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is the major threat to public health with an increase in morbidity and mortality. β-lactamase is known to confer enteric bacteria with nearly complete resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics including the late-generation carbapenems. The commercially available β-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are being met with an increasing number of resistant phenotypes and are ineffective against pathogens harbouring New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1). Inhibition of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 activity is one potential way to treat metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producing multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogen. The present study focused on screening of Klebsiella pneumoniae New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (BLIs) from endophytic Streptomyces spp. using in vitro and in silico methods. The study identified three potential inhibitors of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1, namely dodecanoic acid, dl-alanyl-l-leucine and phenyl propanedioic acid. These molecules were found to bind to other MBLs namely, IMP-1 and VIM-2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first kind of study reporting the binding mode of these molecules with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Cheepurupalli
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aathithya Diaz
- Computational Molecular Biophysics Laboratory (CMBL), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adithya Conjeevaram Gopal
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh Rathore
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vigneshwar Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayapradha Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Kaczor M, Bulak P, Proc-Pietrycha K, Kirichenko-Babko M, Bieganowski A. The Variety of Applications of Hermetia illucens in Industrial and Agricultural Areas-Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:25. [PMID: 36671718 PMCID: PMC9855018 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Linnaeus, 1978), commonly known as the black soldier fly (BSF), is a saprophytic insect, which in recent years has attracted significant attention from both the scientific community and industry. The unrestrained appetite of the larvae, the ability to forage on various organic waste, and the rapid growth and low environmental impact of its breeding has made it one of the insect species bred on an industrial scale, in the hope of producing fodder or other ingredients for various animals. The variety of research related to this insect has shown that feed production is not the only benefit of its use. H. illucens has many features and properties that could be of interest from the point of view of many other industries. Biomass utilization, chitin and chitosan source, biogas, and biodiesel production, entomoremediation, the antimicrobial properties of its peptides, and the fertilizer potential of its wastes, are just some of its potential uses. This review brings together the work of four years of study into H. illucens. It summarizes the current state of knowledge and introduces the characteristics of this insect that may be helpful in managing its breeding, as well as its use in agro-industrial fields. Knowledge gaps and under-studied areas were also highlighted, which could help identify future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kaczor
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Bulak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Proc-Pietrycha
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marina Kirichenko-Babko
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, B. Khmelnitsky 15, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrzej Bieganowski
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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24
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Abadl MMT, Mohsin AZ, Sulaiman R, Abas F, Muhialdin BJ, Meor Hussin AS. Biological activities and physiochemical properties of low-fat and high-fat coconut-based kefir. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Annunziata F, Contente ML, Anzi V, Donzella S, Conti P, Molinari F, Martino PA, Meroni G, Sora VM, Tamborini L, Pinto A. Enzymatic continuous-flow preparation of nature-inspired phenolic esters as antiradical and antimicrobial agents. Food Chem 2022; 390:133195. [PMID: 35594770 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A collection of nature-inspired lipophilic phenolic esters have been prepared by an enzymatic synthesis under flow conditions, using the immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozyme 435®) as a catalyst in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), a non-conventional and green solvent. Their antimicrobial activity against four selected bacterial strains together with their efficiency as radical scavengers were evaluated. The obtained compounds were characterized by enhanced lipophilicity in comparison with the parent non-esterified compounds, which increased the possibility of their use as additives in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Annunziata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina L Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Anzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (DSBCO), One Health Unit, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Meroni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (DSBCO), One Health Unit, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Massimo Sora
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (DSBCO), One Health Unit, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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26
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Uskoković V, Wu VM. Altering Microbiomes with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: A Metagenomic Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5824. [PMID: 36079205 PMCID: PMC9456825 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp), the most abundant biological material among mammals, has been recently demonstrated to possess moderate antibacterial properties. Metagenomics provides a series of tools for analyzing the simultaneous interaction of materials with larger communities of microbes, which may aid in optimizing the antibacterial activity of a material such as HAp. Here, a microbiome intrinsic to the sample of sandy soil collected from the base of an African Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa) shrub surrounding the children's sandbox at the Arrowhead Park in Irvine, California was challenged with HAp nanoparticles and analyzed with next-generation sequencing for hypervariable 16S ribosomal DNA base pair homologies. HAp nanoparticles overwhelmingly reduced the presence of Gram-negative phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species, and consequently elevated the relative presence of their Gram-positive counterparts. Thermodynamic, electrostatic and chemical bonding arguments were combined in a model proposed to explain this selective affinity. The ability of amphiphilic surface protrusions of lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria and mycolic acid in mycobacteria to increase the dispersibility of the bacterial cells and assist in their resistance to capture by the solid phase is highlighted. Within the Gram-negative group, the variability of the distal, O-antigen portion of the membrane lipopolysaccharide was shown to be excessive and the variability of its proximal, lipid A portion insufficient to explain the selectivity based on chemical sequence arguments. Instead, flagella-driven motility proves to be a factor favoring the evasion of binding to HAp. HAp displayed a preference toward binding to less pathogenic bacteria than those causative of disease in humans, while taxa having a positive agricultural effect were largely captured by HAp, indicating an evolutionary advantage this may have given it as a biological material. The capacity to selectively sequester Gram-negative microorganisms and correspondingly alter the composition of the microbiome may open up a new avenue in environmental and biomedical applications of HAp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- TardigradeNano LLC, Irvine, CA 92604, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Nitbani FO, Tjitda PJP, Nitti F, Jumina J, Detha AIR. Antimicrobial Properties of Lauric Acid and Monolaurin in Virgin Coconut Oil: A Review. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Febri Odel Nitbani
- University of Nusa Cendana Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui 85001 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia
| | - Putra Jiwamurwa Pama Tjitda
- Health Polytechnic of Kupang Department of Pharmacy Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui 85111 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia
| | - Fidelis Nitti
- University of Nusa Cendana Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui 85001 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia
| | - J. Jumina
- Universitas Gadjah Mada Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Sekip Utara 5528 Yogyakarta Indonesia
| | - Annytha Ina Rohi Detha
- University of Nusa Cendana Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui 85001 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia
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28
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Poljšak N, Kočevar Glavač N. Vegetable Butters and Oils as Therapeutically and Cosmetically Active Ingredients for Dermal Use: A Review of Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:868461. [PMID: 35548366 PMCID: PMC9083541 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.868461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the chemical composition of vegetable butters and oils has been studied in detail, there is limited knowledge about their mechanisms of action after application on the skin. To understand their dermal effects better, 27 clinical studies evaluating 17 vegetable oils (almond, argan, avocado, borage, coconut, evening primrose, kukui, marula, mustard, neem, olive, rapeseed, sacha inchi, safflower, shea butter, soybean and sunflower oils) were reviewed in this research. The reviewed studies focused on non-affected skin, infant skin, psoriasis, xerosis, UVB-induced erythema, atopic dermatitis, molluscum contagiosum, tungiasis, scars, striae and striae gravidarum. We conclude that in inflammation-affected skin, vegetable oils with a high content of oleic acid, together with the lack of or a low linoleic acid content, may cause additional structural damage of the stratum corneum, while oils high in linoleic acid and saturated fatty acids may express positive effects. Non-affected skin, in contrast, may not react negatively to oils high in oleic acid. However, the frequency and duration of an oil's use must be considered an important factor that may accelerate or enhance the negative effects on the skin's structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Poljšak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kočevar Glavač
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mechanistic Evaluation of Antimicrobial Lipid Interactions with Tethered Lipid Bilayers by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22103712. [PMID: 35632121 PMCID: PMC9148023 DOI: 10.3390/s22103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is extensive interest in developing real-time biosensing strategies to characterize the membrane-disruptive properties of antimicrobial lipids and surfactants. Currently used biosensing strategies mainly focus on tracking membrane morphological changes such as budding and tubule formation, while there is an outstanding need to develop a label-free biosensing strategy to directly evaluate the molecular-level mechanistic details by which antimicrobial lipids and surfactants disrupt lipid membranes. Herein, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we conducted label-free biosensing measurements to track the real-time interactions between three representative compounds—glycerol monolaurate (GML), lauric acid (LA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)—and a tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) platform. The EIS measurements verified that all three compounds are mainly active above their respective critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, while also revealing that GML induces irreversible membrane damage whereas the membrane-disruptive effects of LA are largely reversible. In addition, SDS micelles caused membrane solubilization, while SDS monomers still caused membrane defect formation, shedding light on how antimicrobial lipids and surfactants can be active in, not only micellar form, but also as monomers in some cases. These findings expand our mechanistic knowledge of how antimicrobial lipids and surfactants disrupt lipid membranes and demonstrate the analytical merits of utilizing the EIS sensing approach to comparatively evaluate membrane-disruptive antimicrobial compounds.
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Mohamed H, Marusich E, Afanasev Y, Leonov S. Bacterial Outer Membrane Permeability Increase Underlies the Bactericidal Effect of Fatty Acids From Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) Larvae Fat Against Hypermucoviscous Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:844811. [PMID: 35602017 PMCID: PMC9121012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.844811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Behind expensive treatments, Klebsiella pneumoniae infections account for extended hospitalization’s high mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the activity and mechanism of the antimicrobial action of a fatty acid-containing extract (AWME3) isolated from Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae fat against K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae standard NDM-1 carbapenemase-producing ATCC BAA-2473 strain, along with a wild-type hypermucoviscous clinical isolate, strain K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae KPi1627, and an environmental isolate, strain K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae KPM9. We classified these strains as extensive multidrug-resistant (XDR) or multiple antibiotic-resistant (MDR) demonstrated by a susceptibility assay against 14 antibiotics belonging to ten classes of antibiotics. Antibacterial properties of fatty acids extracted from the HI larvae fat were evaluated using disk diffusion method, microdilution, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), half of the inhibitory concentration (MIC50), and bactericidal assays. In addition, the cytotoxocity of AWME3 was tested on human HEK293 cells, and AWME3 lipid profile was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. For the first time, we demonstrated that the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of fatty acid-containing extract (AWME3) of the HI larvae fat tested at 20 mg/ml was 16.52 ± 0.74 and 14.23 ± 0.35 mm against colistin-resistant KPi1627 and KPM9, respectively. It was 19.72 ± 0.51 mm against the colistin-susceptible K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2473 strain. The MIC and MBC were 250 μg/ml for all the tested bacteria strains, indicating the bactericidal effect of AWME3. The MIC50 values were 155.6 ± 0.009 and 160.1 ± 0.008 μg/ml against the KPi1627 and KPM9 isolates, respectively, and 149.5 ± 0.013 μg/ml against the ATCC BAA-2473 strain in the micro-dilution assay. For the first time, we demonstrated that AWME3 dose-dependently increased bacterial cell membrane permeability as determined by the relative electric conductivity (REC) of the K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2473 suspension, and that none of the strains did not build up resistance to extended AWME3 treatment using the antibiotic resistance assay. Cytotoxicity assay showed that AWME3 is safe for human HEK293 cells at IC50 266.1 μg/ml, while bactericidal for all the strains of bacteria at the same concentration. Free fatty acids (FFAs) and their derivatives were the significant substances among 33 compounds identified by the GC-MS analysis of AWME3. Cis-oleic and palmitoleic acids represent the most abundant unsaturated FAs (UFAs), while palmitic, lauric, stearic, and myristic acids were the most abundant saturated FAs (SFAs) of the AWME3 content. Bactericidal resistant-free AWM3 mechanism of action provides a rationale interpretations and the utility of HI larvae fat to develop natural biocidal resistance-free formulations that might be promising therapeutic against Gram-negative MDR bacteria causing nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heakal Mohamed
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Elena Marusich
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- *Correspondence: Elena Marusich,
| | - Yuriy Afanasev
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Sergey Leonov,
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Ceccotti C, Bruno D, Tettamanti G, Branduardi P, Bertacchi S, Labra M, Rimoldi S, Terova G. New value from food and industrial wastes - Bioaccumulation of omega-3 fatty acids from an oleaginous microbial biomass paired with a brewery by-product using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 143:95-104. [PMID: 35240451 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on bioconversion based on insects is intensifying as it addresses the problem of reducing and reusing food and industrial waste. To reach this goal, we need to find more means of pairing waste to insects. With this goal, brewers' spent grains (BSG) - a food waste of the brewing industry - paired with the oleaginous biomass of the thraustochytrid Schizochytrium limacinum cultivated on crude glycerol - a major waste of biodiesel production - were successfully used to grow Hermetia illucens larvae. Combining BSG and S. limacinum in the diet in an attempt to design the lipid profile of H. illucens larvae to contain a higher percentage of omega-3 fatty acids is novel. Insect larvae were grown on three different substrates: i) standard diet for Diptera (SD), ii) BSG, and iii) BSG + 10% S. limacinum biomass. The larvae and substrates were analyzed for fatty acid composition and larval growth was measured until 25% of insects reached the prepupal stage. Our data showed that including omega-3-rich S. limacinum biomass in the BSG substrate promoted an increase in larval weight compared to larvae fed on SD or BSG substrates. Furthermore, it was possible, albeit in a limited way, to incorporate omega-3 fatty acids, principally docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from BSG + S. limacinum substrate containing 20% of DHA into the larval fat (7% DHA). However, H. illucens with this level of DHA may not be suitable if the aim is to get larvae with high omega-3 lipids to feed carnivorous fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ceccotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruno
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Paola Branduardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bertacchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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Ramakrishna Pillai J, Wali AF, Menezes GA, Rehman MU, Wani TA, Arafah A, Zargar S, Mir TM. Chemical Composition Analysis, Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Physalis angulata L.: A Comparative Study of Leaves and Fruit. Molecules 2022; 27:1480. [PMID: 35268579 PMCID: PMC8911865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physalis angulata L. belongs to the family Solanaceae and is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. Physalis angulata leaf and fruit extracts were assessed for in vitro anticancer, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid content. The GC-MS technique investigated the chemical composition and structure of bioactive chemicals reported in extracts. The anticancer activity results revealed a decrease in the percentage of anticancer cells' viability in a concentration- and time-dependent way. We also noticed morphological alterations in the cells, which we believe are related to Physalis angulata extracts. Under light microscopy, we observed that as the concentration of ethanolic extract (fruit and leaves) treated HeLa cells increased, the number of cells began to decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayachithra Ramakrishna Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Adil Farooq Wali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Godfred Antony Menezes
- Department of Microbiology, RAKCOMS, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.U.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.U.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tahir Maqbool Mir
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS 38677, USA;
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Castro DPV, Pimentel PRS, da Silva Júnior JM, Virgínio Júnior GF, de Andrade EA, Barbosa AM, Pereira ES, Ribeiro CVDM, Bezerra LR, Oliveira RL. Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040427. [PMID: 35203135 PMCID: PMC8868089 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Palm kernel oil (PKO) is extracted from an oleaginous seed fruit (Elaeis guineenses Jacq.) commonly cultivated in Brazil and can be used strategically as a ruminal fermentation modulator to improve animal performance. We conducted three experimental trials by increasing PKO levels in the diets of lambs. Although we observed low consumption of most nutrients, we also observed that feed conversion improved as the PKO inclusion level increased, indicating that the animals needed to consume less food to gain 1.0 kg of body weight. In addition, we observed that nutrient digestibility was not affected by the inclusion levels of PKO. We also did not observe differences in ruminal fermentation parameters but noted a reduction in the protozoan population. Therefore, we conclude that the inclusion of palm kernel oil may be beneficial to lambs and can lower the cost of feed in regions that contain an abundance of this byproduct. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) in a lamb diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters, and animal performance. Three experimental trials were conducted. The treatments consisted of varying levels of PKO included in the diet, with PKOzero = no PKO inclusion, PKO1.3 = 1.3% addition, PKO2.6 = 2.6% addition, PKO3.9 = 3.9% addition, and PKO5.2 = 5.2% addition, based on the total dry matter (DM) of the diet. With the inclusion of PKO in the diet, linear decreases in DM (p < 0.001), crude ash (p < 0.001), crude protein (CP) (p < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p < 0.001), nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (p < 0.001), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) (p = 0.021) intake were observed, as was an increase in ether extract (EE) intake (p < 0.001). The digestibility coefficients of NDF and NFC were not affected by PKO addition to the diet. However, the digestibility of DM (p = 0.035), EE (p < 0.001), CP (p < 0.001), and TDNs (p < 0.001) increased when PKO was added to the lambs’ diet. Reductions in N intake (p < 0.001), fecal nitrogen excretion (p < 0.001), and microbial protein production (p < 0.001) were noted with increasing PKO levels. Serum cholesterol increased (p < 0.001) while serum GGT enzyme concentrations in the blood decreased (p = 0.048) with increasing PKO levels. PKO addition had no effect on total weight gain and average daily gain; however, feed conversion improved (p = 0.001) with increasing PKO levels. The intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and growth performance of lambs with PKO1.3 added to their diet were similar to animals that did not receive PKO, meaning that PKO could be an alternative energy source for growing lambs because it does not harm animal performance and can lower the cost of feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pionorio Vilaronga Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Jarbas Miguel da Silva Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Ederson Américo de Andrade
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Analívia Martins Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Elzânia Sales Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60021970, CE, Brazil;
| | - Claudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil;
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Next-generation microbial drugs developed from microbiome's natural products. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:341-382. [PMID: 34844715 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Scientists working in natural products chemistry have been enticed by the current advancements being made in the discovery of novel "magic bullets" from microbes homed to all conceivable environments. Even though researchers continue to face challenges funneling the novel bioactive compounds in the global therapeutic industries, it seems most likely that the discovery of some "hit molecules" with significant biomedical applications is not that far. We applaud novel natural products for their ability to combat the spread of superbugs and aid in the prevention of currently observed antibiotic resistance. This in-depth investigation covers a wide range of microbiomes with a proclivity for synthesizing novel compounds to combat the spread of superbugs. Furthermore, we use this opportunity to explore various groups of secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic pathways in various microbiota found in mammals, insects, and humans. This systematic study, when taken as a whole, offers detail understanding on the biomedical fate of various groups of compounds originated from diverse microbiomes. For gathering all information that has been uncovered and released so far, we have also presented the huge diversity of microbes that are associated with humans and their metabolic products. To conclude, this concrete review suggests novel ideas that will prove immensely helpful in reducing the danger posed by superbugs while also improving the efficacy of antibiotics.
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The Effects of Thermal Pasteurisation, Freeze-Drying, and Gamma-Irradiation on the Antibacterial Properties of Donor Human Milk. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092077. [PMID: 34574186 PMCID: PMC8469727 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common pasteurisation method used by human milk banks is Holder pasteurisation. This involves thermal processing, which can denature important proteins and can potentially reduce the natural antimicrobial properties found in human milk. This study assesses the application of a hybrid method comprised of freeze-drying followed by low-dose gamma-irradiation for nonthermal donor human milk pasteurisation. Freeze-drying donor human milk followed by gamma-irradiation at 2 kGy was as efficient as Holder pasteurisation in the reduction of bacterial inoculants of Staphylococcus aureus (106 cfu/mL) and Salmonella typhimurium (106 cfu/mL) in growth inhibition assays. These assays also demonstrated that human milk naturally inhibits the growth of bacterial inoculants S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and Escherichia coli. Freeze drying (without gamma-irradiation) did not significantly reduce this natural growth inhibition. By contrast, Holder pasteurisation significantly reduced the milk’s natural antimicrobial effect on S. aureus growth after 6 h (−19.8% p = 0.01). Freeze-dried and then gamma-irradiated donor human milk showed a strong antimicrobial effect across a dose range of 2–50 kGy, with only a minimal growth of S. aureus observed after 6 h incubation. Thus, a hybrid method of freeze-drying followed by 2 kGy of gamma-irradiation preserves antimicrobial properties and enables bulk pasteurisation within sealed packaging of powderised donor human milk. This work forwards a goal of increasing shelf life and simplifying storage and transportation, while also preserving functionality and antimicrobial properties.
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhang R, Cao G, Li Q, Zhang B, Wang Y, Yang C. Serum metabolome and gut microbiome alterations in broiler chickens supplemented with lauric acid. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101315. [PMID: 34280650 PMCID: PMC8318919 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic overuse in poultry husbandry poses a potential threat to meat safety and human health. Lauric acid (LA) is a primary medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) with a strong antibacterial capacity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of LA on the growth performance, immune responses, serum metabolism, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. One-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups: CON, fed a basal diet; ANT, a basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg antibiotic; LA500, a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg LA; LA1000, a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg LA. The feeding period was 42 d. The results showed that LA significantly improved broiler growth and immune functions, as evidenced by increased body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier, upregulated immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgY), and downregulated inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10) (P < 0.05). HPLC/MS-based metabolome analysis revealed that the serum metabolites in the LA group differed from those of CON and ANT groups. LA markedly decreased the abundance of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), increased lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs), and inhibited the sphingolipid metabolism pathway, indicating its capacity to modulate lipid metabolism. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that LA significantly altered cecal microbiota composition by reducing Phascolarctobacterium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Bacteroides, and increasing Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that changes in metabolism and microbiota were highly correlated with the growth and immune indices; strong links were also found between lipid metabolism and microbial composition. Taken together, LA promotes broiler growth and immune functions by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The above findings highlight the substantial potential of LA as a supplement in poultry diets and provide a new strategy to reduce antibiotic usage and improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
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Dong L, Ariëns RM, America AH, Paul A, Veldkamp T, Mes JJ, Wichers HJ, Govers C. Clostridium perfringens suppressing activity in black soldier fly protein preparations. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu TT, Su GZ, Yang TS. Functionalities of chitosan conjugated with lauric acid and l-carnitine and application of the modified chitosan in an oil-in-water emulsion. Food Chem 2021; 359:129851. [PMID: 33957325 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to conjugate chitosan (CT) with lauric acid (LA) and l-carnitine (CNT) to yield a product that is water-soluble at neutral pH and has surface, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. The resulting CT-LA-CNT is water-soluble at neutral pH, in contrast with CT and CT-LA, which require the aid of acid to become soluble. Concerning antimicrobial activity, for S. aureus, the minimum bactericidal concentration of CT was lower than those of CT-LA or CT-LA-CNT, while the three compounds exhibited similar bactericidal activity against E. coli. CT-LA-CNT was also used to study the oxidative stability of soybean oil in an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Tween 80 and Span 80 (TS), an emulsifier mixture, were used as controls for comparison. The results showed that CT-LA-CNT was better than SDS and TS at protecting the lipid from oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ti Liu
- Department of Food Science, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Zhen Su
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Shi Yang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung 406040, Taiwan.
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39
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Zou X, Liao Y, Yang C, Feng A, Xu X, Jiang H, Li Y. Synthesis, X-ray structures, and biological activity of Zn(II) and cd(II) complexes with pyridine thiazolone derivatives. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1869952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhong Zou
- Guangdong Research Center for Special Functional Building Materials and Its Green Preparation Technology/Foshan Research Center for Special Functional Building Materials and Its Green Preparation Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, PR China
- Testing & Analysis Center, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanzhi Liao
- Testing & Analysis Center, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Testing & Analysis Center, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ansheng Feng
- Guangdong Research Center for Special Functional Building Materials and Its Green Preparation Technology/Foshan Research Center for Special Functional Building Materials and Its Green Preparation Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Testing & Analysis Center, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Guangdong Research Center for Special Functional Building Materials and Its Green Preparation Technology/Foshan Research Center for Special Functional Building Materials and Its Green Preparation Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangdong Research Center for Special Functional Building Materials and Its Green Preparation Technology/Foshan Research Center for Special Functional Building Materials and Its Green Preparation Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, PR China
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40
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de Souza Vilela J, Alvarenga TIRC, Andrew NR, McPhee M, Kolakshyapati M, Hopkins DL, Ruhnke I. Technological Quality, Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profile of Broiler Meat Enhanced by Dietary Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Foods 2021; 10:297. [PMID: 33540634 PMCID: PMC7913093 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) on broiler carcass composition, cut yield, and breast meat quality. Broilers were fed for 42 days with up to 20% dietary inclusion of BSFL (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%). On day 42, 120 broilers were slaughtered, and images were taken using computed tomography. Breasts, drumsticks, and thighs were collected for cut yield determination. The pH, color, lipid oxidation, cooking loss, shear force, amino acid profile, and fatty acid profile of the breast meat were assessed. There was no dietary effect on carcass composition or meat quality parameters except for fatty and amino acids compositions. When 20% BSFL was included in the diet, individual fatty and amino acids, such as lauric and myristic acids, aspartic acid, glutamine, and lysine, increased by 22.0-, 5.50-, 1.08-, 1.06-, and 1.06-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). Although total polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased, eicosapentaenoic fatty acids (EPA) increased by 78% in the 20% BSFL inclusion group. In conclusion, up to 20%, dietary full-fat BSFL did not affect key meat characteristics but positively increased the levels of the health-claimable omega-3 fatty acid EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica de Souza Vilela
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;
| | - Tharcilla I. R. C. Alvarenga
- Livestock Industries Centre, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; (T.I.R.C.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Nigel R. Andrew
- Insect Ecology Lab, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;
| | - Malcolm McPhee
- Livestock Industries Centre, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia; (T.I.R.C.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Manisha Kolakshyapati
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;
| | - David L. Hopkins
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia;
| | - Isabelle Ruhnke
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;
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41
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Two metal complex derivatives of pyridine thiazole ligand: synthesis, characterization and biological activity. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-020-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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42
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Pangprasit N, Srithanasuwan A, Suriyasathaporn W, Pikulkaew S, Bernard JK, Chaisri W. Antibacterial Activities of Acetic Acid against Major and Minor Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110961. [PMID: 33228007 PMCID: PMC7699284 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of acetic acid against bovine mastitis pathogens compared to lactic acid and lauric and caprylic saturated fatty acids. Eleven mastitis pathogens were isolated from sub-clinical and clinical bovine mastitis cases for the study. An initial screening of their antibacterial activities by agar well diffusion method was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each acid were obtained using a microdilution method; each acid was diluted from stock solution and then were diluted with culture broth to reach concentrations ranging from 4 to 0.004% w/v. The results showed acetic acid had the highest zone of inhibition against all pathogens except Escherichia coli compared with lauric and caprylic acids. The MIC and MBC were lowest for acetic acid against both Gram-positive (except Staphylococcus chromogenes from the coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) group) and Gram-negative pathogens, intermediate for lactic and caprylic acids and greatest for lauric acid. In conclusion, acetic acid had antimicrobial activities against most mastitis pathogens compared with other acids. Further studies are needed to optimize the formulation and concentration of acetic acid for teat-dipping agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppason Pangprasit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.P.); (A.S.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Anyaphat Srithanasuwan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.P.); (A.S.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Witaya Suriyasathaporn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.P.); (A.S.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.P.); (A.S.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - John K. Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tifton Campus, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA;
| | - Wasana Chaisri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.P.); (A.S.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-948-023
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Kurihara S. The importance of genetic research on the dominant species of human intestinal indigenous microbiota. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 40:19-26. [PMID: 33520565 PMCID: PMC7817506 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Comparisons of the changes in the gut microbiota and transcriptomes as a result of
changes in diet have demonstrated that the regulation of the gene functions of intestinal
bacteria is fundamental for the regulation of the intestinal environment. However, the
functions of only about half of the genes can be predicted using nucleotide sequences
obtained from the metagenomic data of the human gut microbiota. Therefore, the regulation
of gut bacterial gene functions is hindered. To resolve this issue, the functions of the
genes of intestinal bacteria must be identified. In our previous study, a high-throughput
cultivation system was established for the dominant species of indigenous human intestinal
microbiota. Using this system, we analyzed the synthesis and transport of polyamines by
intestinal bacteria. Comparison of the results with those obtained by in
silico analysis indicated the existence of novel polyamine synthetic enzymes
and transport proteins. Next, strains with gene deletions and complementation for the
polyamine synthetic system of the genus Bacteroides were analyzed.
Furthermore, we co-cultured genetically engineered Escherichia coli and
Enterococcus faecalis strains to demonstrate the presence of a
polyamine synthetic pathway spanning multiple bacterial species. Here, we outline the
trends of research using genetically engineered intestinal bacteria and the ripple effects
of studies in which intestinal bacteria have been analyzed genetically. Moreover, because
studies on intestinal bacteria at the gene level are indispensable for improving our
understanding of their regulation, the importance of this research will continue to
increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kurihara
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
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Dabbou S, Ferrocino I, Gasco L, Schiavone A, Trocino A, Xiccato G, Barroeta AC, Maione S, Soglia D, Biasato I, Cocolin L, Gai F, Nucera DM. Antimicrobial Effects of Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm Fats and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota of Growing Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081292. [PMID: 32731566 PMCID: PMC7460256 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae (HI, Hermetia illucens L.) and yellow mealworm larvae (TM, Tenebrio molitor L.) and their effects as dietary replacement of soybean oil (S) on cecal fermentation pattern, and fecal and cecal microbiota in rabbits. A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (40 rabbits/group) -a control diet (C diet) containing 1.5% of S and two experimental diets (HI diet (HID) and TM diet (TMD)), where S was totally substituted by HI or TM fats during the whole trial that lasted 41 days. Regarding the in vitro antimicrobial activities, HI and TM fats did not show any effects on Salmonella growth. Yersinia enterocolitica showed significantly lower growth when challenged with HI fats than the controls. The insect fat supplementation in rabbit diets increased the contents of the cecal volatile fatty acids when compared to the control group. A metataxonomic approach was adopted to investigate the shift in the microbial composition as a function of the dietary insect fat supplementation. The microbiota did not show a clear separation as a function of the inclusion, even if a specific microbial signature was observed. Indeed, HI and TM fat supplementation enriched the presence of Akkermansia that was found to be correlated with NH3-N concentration. An increase in Ruminococcus, which can improve the immune response of the host, was also observed. This study confirms the potential of HI and TM fats as antibacterial feed ingredients with a positive influence on the rabbit cecal microbiota, thus supporting the possibility of including HI and TM fats in rabbit diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Angela Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Gerolamo Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal, and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy;
| | - Ana C. Barroeta
- Nutrition and Animal Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Sandra Maione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Daniele Michele Nucera
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
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