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Sievers Y, Roser K, Scheinemann K, Michel G, Ilic A. The information needs of relatives of childhood cancer patients and survivors: A systematic review of quantitative evidence. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 126:108316. [PMID: 38788309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to: (1) summarize the quantitative evidence on the information needs of relatives of childhood cancer patients, survivors, and children deceased from cancer; and (2) identify factors associated with these needs. METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL were systematically searched. The methodological quality of all included publications was assessed, and the extracted data were analyzed using narrative synthesis. RESULTS Of 5810 identified articles, 45 were included. Information needs were classified as unmet, met (satisfied), and unspecified and categorized into five domains: medical information, cancer-related consequences, lifestyle, family, and support. Most unmet information needs concerned cancer-related consequences (e.g., late effects), while information needs on support were generally met. Migrant background and higher education were associated with higher information needs among parents. Siblings had lower information needs than parents. CONCLUSION This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the information needs of relatives in the context of childhood cancer, showing that information on cancer-related consequences is needed most often. The socioeconomic background of the relatives needs continued consideration throughout the cancer trajectory. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest the need for personalized information. Healthcare professionals should adapt their communication strategies to respond to the different and evolving needs of all affected relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Sievers
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Roser
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Scheinemann
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Anica Ilic
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
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2
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Davies J, O'Connor M, Halkett GKB, Kelada L, Gottardo NG. "I Don't Get to Play With My Mum Anymore": Experiences of Siblings Aged 8-12 of Children With Cancer: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY NURSING 2024; 41:265-275. [PMID: 39129241 DOI: 10.1177/27527530241267324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background: Siblings of children with cancer have been shown to experience disruption in multiple domains including family, school, and friendships. Existing literature on siblings' experiences focuses on older children or on a broad range of ages. Aim: To explore the experience of siblings aged 8-12 years when their brother or sister is diagnosed with cancer. Method: A qualitative design incorporating phenomenology as the theoretical framework was used. Participants were recruited from across Australia via notices on social media sites and by the distribution of flyers. We used thematic analysis to analyze the data. Data were collected via semistructured interviews conducted either in person or online. Findings: A total of 13 siblings (7 boys and 6 girls) aged between 8 and 12 years (M = 9.8, SD = 1.6) were interviewed. Seven main themes were identified. These were "It was really hard": Reactions to the cancer diagnosis; "I'm really angry": Emotional and Physical Responses to siblings' treatment; "I pretend teddy is real": Play as an outlet; "It was very lonely": Missing their siblings; "I missed out on a lot of fun": Disruption of activities: School, sports, playdates, and parties; Change and Transition and "Making a difficult situation worse": COVID-19 Pandemic. Discussion: Findings extend the current understanding showing that younger siblings' developmental and cognitive skills impact their experiences of childhood cancer. Younger siblings outlined the many losses they experienced which demonstrated a need for a comprehensive and tailored program to support young siblings aged under 12 of children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Davies
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Moira O'Connor
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute/enAble Institute for Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Georgia K B Halkett
- Curtin School of Nursing/Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren Kelada
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Gottardo
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology and Hematology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Brain Tumor Research Program, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Burke H, Dunne S. "You nearly feel a little bit like you've less right to grieve": a qualitative study on the impact of cancer on adult siblings. J Cancer Surviv 2023; 17:1628-1638. [PMID: 36401074 PMCID: PMC9676809 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Family members of cancer patients experience a range of challenges and are impacted in various ways by cancer. To our knowledge, the impact of cancer on adult siblings has yet to be explored. Sibling relationships are one of the longest relationships individuals have across the lifespan. Thus, the current study sought to investigate the perspectives of siblings of those who previously had cancer. METHODS Ten participants were recruited using purposive sampling. A qualitative, cross-sectional design was implemented with both virtual and in-person semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The researchers identified five themes relating to both the impact of cancer on siblings and the supports they received: changes in family relationships, sibling's grief is forgotten, benefits of social support networks, supporting their sibling and caregiving and self-support. CONCLUSIONS Cancer organizations and support services should focus on signposting services for siblings in order to ensure they can access support. Further research is needed with siblings to gain greater insight into what supports siblings feel are available for them to access, whether there are any for them to access or how supports can be improved. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS The provision of appropriate psychological support for siblings of cancer patients will ensure they can provide optimal support and care to their siblings. This will in turn benefit cancer patients along their cancer trajectory as adequate support from their caregivers will enhance their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Burke
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Dunne
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
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Kaneko T, Niinomi K, Nonoyama T, Makishita A, Asano M. Consensus on the items for early identification of unmet psychosocial needs of siblings of children with cancer and blood disease: A modified Delphi method. Nurs Open 2023; 10:7025-7037. [PMID: 37515393 PMCID: PMC10495737 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To reach a consensus on question items for early identification of unmet psychosocial needs of school-aged siblings of children with cancer and blood disease. DESIGN Modified Delphi method. METHODS Twenty-three studies were reviewed to extract question items, which were classified into seven categories. A total of 39 question items were selected for this study. The selected question items were carefully considered using the modified Delphi method. The participants were 28 medical staff from a childhood cancer hub hospital and 20 sibling support group staff members. The first round consisted of a questionnaire (n = 48); the second, a focus group interview (n = 8) and the third, another questionnaire (n = 8). The first and third rounds used a 5-point Likert scale. This survey was conducted from July to October 2021. RESULTS A total of 38, 26, and 24 question items were included in the first, second, and third rounds respectively. A total of 24 question items were extracted using the modified Delphi method to identify siblings' unmet psychosocial needs: relationship with family members, 3; daily life issues, 4; stress, 6; emotions, 3; information, 3; relationships with medical staff, 1 and social and medical resources, 4. Seven categories and 24 question items were confirmed as items for identifying the unmet psychosocial needs of school-aged siblings of children with cancer and blood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kaneko
- Nursing Science, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Department of NursingNagoya University HospitalNagoyaJapan
| | - Kazuteru Niinomi
- Nursing Science, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Tomo Nonoyama
- Nursing Science, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Akane Makishita
- Nursing Science, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Midori Asano
- Nursing Science, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
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Amaro CM, Alderfer MA, Gerhardt CA, Wawrzynski SE, Goldish M, Long KA. Bringing Together a Transdisciplinary Team to Create and Advance a Shared Vision for Research and Support for Siblings of Youth With Cancer. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY NURSING 2023; 40:34-42. [PMID: 36245365 PMCID: PMC9900248 DOI: 10.1177/27527530221121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Siblings of youth with cancer are at risk for psychosocial difficulties and report unmet needs. Supporting siblings is a psychosocial standard of care; however, many barriers prevent this standard from being fully achieved. Transdisciplinary team science has potential to generate novel, real-world solutions to complex research problems and can be beneficial to addressing sibling needs within pediatric hematology/oncology nursing. This process paper aims to present a guiding framework for transdisciplinary team science using the experiences of the Sibling Partnership for Advocacy, Research, and Care in Childhood Cancer (SPARCCC) as an exemplar. Methods: SPARCCC employed an established model of transdisciplinary team-based research, which consisted of four phases: development, consultation, implementation, and translation. This transdisciplinary team was comprised of international experts from a variety of disciplines, as well as siblings and families impacted by cancer. Results: SPARCCC held two summits, and team members developed ongoing collaborative efforts to advance advocacy, research, and support for siblings of youth with cancer. The team implemented the four phases of the transdisciplinary team-based framework and used an iterative process to build a shared perspective of the needs of siblings and take action. For instance, we completed a grant application, several manuscripts, and conference presentations to disseminate our findings and begin to advance a focused research agenda for sibling supportive care. Discussion: Transdisciplinary team science holds promise for tackling complex issues within pediatric hematology/oncology nursing research, particularly areas that are not well aligned with more traditional models and can be used to generate novel solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Amaro
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, MA, USA
- Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health,
Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Melissa A. Alderfer
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Health,
Wilmington, DE, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Gerhardt
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at
Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | - Sarah E. Wawrzynski
- Intermountain Primary Children’s
Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | | | - Kristin A. Long
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, MA, USA
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6
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Supportive interventions for childhood cancer: An umbrella review of randomized evidence. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Long KA, Davis KA, Pariseau E, Murie AC, Kazak AE, Alderfer MA. Initial Validation of a New Psychosocial Screener for Siblings of Youth with Cancer The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) Sibling Modules. Psychooncology 2022; 31:1774-1781. [PMID: 36029137 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychosocial screening can facilitate the identification of families who have difficulty adjusting to and managing serious pediatric illness. Despite siblings' roles within the family and increased psychosocial risk, a systematic approach to screening siblings of youth with cancer remains rare. One barrier to systematic sibling screening is the lack of a validated screener. We aimed to establish initial validity of the new parent-reported Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) Sibling Modules for siblings ages 0-2, 3-4, 5-9, and 10+. METHODS Families (N=64) completed the PAT Sibling Modules and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) regarding siblings' functioning at cancer diagnosis (13-23 items, depending on age version) and 6-months later (17-42 items). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses examined internal consistency and convergent and predictive validity of the PAT Sibling Modules. RESULTS Baseline and follow-up versions of the modules have strong internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson 20 range: 0.82-0.93) and convergent validity at diagnosis (r-values ≥0.4, p-values <0.01) and follow-up (r-values >0.4, p-values <0.05). Predictive validity was supported by significant correlations between baseline PAT Sibling Module scores and 6-month SDQ scores (r=0.86, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings provide initial evidence that the PAT Sibling Modules are valid measures of sibling psychosocial risk. Availability of a validated screener is a first step toward addressing siblings' unmet psychosocial needs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Boston, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Boston, United States
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Justin P, Dorard G, Baudry V, Untas A. Oncology healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding young carers. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:2524-2530. [PMID: 35105474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing numbers of youths are facing a relative's cancer. In this context, some are required to provide significant support and are called young carers (YCs). However, little is known about how these youth are viewed and supported by health professionals. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of oncology healthcare professionals regarding YCs. METHODS Thirty-one oncology professionals working in France (adult and pediatric departments and homecare services) participated in semi-structured interviews. RESULTS The results indicated that almost all professionals had already met a YC and could identify several situations in their professional context. Their knowledge of YCs appeared to influence their attitudes and practices. They perceived this situation in a rather superficial way when their discourse and ideas were explored in-depth. They mentioned some ideas for improving support for YCs, but also many barriers. CONCLUSION The results highlight a moderate level of awareness. Thus, it is necessary to enhance providers' awareness and knowledge of YCs. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Awareness campaigns and training programs need to be developed for oncology healthcare professionals to help them better identify, understand, and support YCs and their families. This type of action would positively impact patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Justin
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Géraldine Dorard
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Valentine Baudry
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Recherche en Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Untas
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Institute Universitaire de France, France
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9
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Faith MA, Boone DM, Healy A, Davila E. Parent coping, emotion socialization beliefs, and sibling relationship quality in pediatric cancer. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2022.2076682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Faith
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dianna M. Boone
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Ashly Healy
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Esther Davila
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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10
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Justin P, Dorard G, Untas A. Comment accompagner les jeunes aidants confrontés au cancer d’un proche ? PSYCHO-ONCOLOGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.3166/pson-2021-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
La littérature montre que de nombreux enfants et adolescents confrontés au cancer d’un proche apportent une aide significative et régulière. Ces jeunes sont nommés jeunes aidants (JA). Cette situation a des conséquences importantes sur le bien-être et la qualité de vie de ces jeunes. Pourtant, les JA sont aujourd’hui peu identifiés et reconnus en France, et il existe peu de dispositifs pour les soutenir. Cet article se propose d’exposer la place des JA dans le cancer dans notre société, leurs besoins et les dispositifs d’accompagnement pouvant y répondre.
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11
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Wawrzynski SE, Schaefer MR, Schvaneveldt N, Alderfer MA. Social support and siblings of children with cancer: A scoping review. Psychooncology 2021; 30:1232-1245. [PMID: 33851490 PMCID: PMC8363579 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social support is essential in healthy adjustment to life stressors. This scoping review examines how social support has been conceptualized, operationalized, and studied among siblings of children with cancer. Gaps in the current literature are identified, and future research directions are proposed. METHODS A rigorous systematic scoping review framework guided our process. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for literature regarding social support and siblings of children with cancer. After screening, 57 articles were identified (n = 26 quantitative, n = 21 qualitative, and n = 10 multi-method) and their content extracted for summarization. RESULTS The majority of studies (n = 43, 75.4%) were descriptive; 14 (24.6%) included interventions, and of those, four were experimental. Few studies used a clearly defined theoretical framework, or validated tools to measure social support. Studies explored perceived social support needs of siblings, the provision and availability of formal support through interventions and related outcomes, and informal family social supports. A variety of support types were found to be helpful to siblings in different ways. CONCLUSIONS Social support is a prevalent topic in the literature regarding siblings of children with cancer. It is unclear what types of support are most important due to how it has been conceptualized and measured. Despite some methodological limitations, greater levels of social support have been linked to better adaptation among siblings of children with cancer. Future work is warranted to identify the most beneficial types of support for siblings based on their age, developmental stage, and the cancer trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wawrzynski
- Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Pediatric Critical Care Services, College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Megan R Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nena Schvaneveldt
- Eccles Health Science Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System and Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Grant M, McNeilly P. Children and young people's experiences of having a sibling with complex health needs: a literature review. Nurs Child Young People 2021; 33:20-26. [PMID: 34121371 DOI: 10.7748/ncyp.2021.e1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Children with complex health needs require significant healthcare input for one or more conditions. Much of the literature on the effects of living with children with complex heath needs focuses on parents, and there is little research into the effects on siblings. This article reports on a literature review that examined the experiences of siblings growing up with a brother or sister with complex health needs and how this affects their lives. Three main themes were identified: emotional experiences; coping strategies and support; and family life. The findings identified in relation to mixed emotions, coping strategies and support systems are similar to those of studies of siblings of autistic children and children with cancer. However, in most countries the provision and availability of support for this group of siblings is inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Grant
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Patricia McNeilly
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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13
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Arora SRA, Shama W, Lucchetta S, Markowitz S, Yohan A. The cancer journey through the lens of a sibling: a photovoice intervention for teen siblings of children with cancer. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2021; 60:430-447. [PMID: 34086540 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2021.1926397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photovoice was employed as a clinical intervention to engage siblings of children with cancer, provide opportunity for sibling support, and elicit information about their lived experiences. Sibling support groups have been effective, however, none have utilized this intervention. Four teenagers who had a sibling diagnosed with cancer participated in a seven-week intervention group. Themes were identified to inform future clinical practice. Four main themes included: (i) support, (ii) changes, (iii) feelings, and (iv) Photovoice group experience. Photovoice, used as a clinical intervention, elicited valuable information and generated fruitful conversations, enabling siblings to relate to and learn from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran R A Arora
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Shama
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Lucchetta
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawna Markowitz
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Yohan
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Justin P, Lamore K, Dorard G, Untas A. Are there young carers in oncology? A systematic review. Psychooncology 2021; 30:1430-1441. [PMID: 33993613 PMCID: PMC9292599 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective This systematic review aims to investigate the support children provide in the case of a relative's cancer. Methods Searches were performed on four electronic databases (Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and ScienceDirect) to identify studies that report on the support provided by children to a relative diagnosed with cancer. Two researchers independently evaluated the eligibility of the studies and cross‐checked them for accuracy. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) was used to assess the quality of the studies included. Results Out of the 10948 articles screened, 30 were included in this review. Results highlighted that cancer provokes changes in families, such as shifts in roles and increased responsibilities for the youth. Children often provided significant support to their sick relative and family members, including practical, emotional, and medical support such as household duties, medical assistance, companionship, and distraction. However, they were designated as young carers in only one study. The support provided was associated with negative effects such as stress and fatigue, and with positive effects such as increased empathy and independence. Children wished to support their family but also named several needs, such as time for themselves and the opportunity to enjoy their childhood. Conclusion The results of this systematic review highlight the importance of taking into account the support provided by young people facing the cancer of a relative and designating them as young carers. Much remains to be accomplished to officially recognize their role and to support them properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Justin
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Kristopher Lamore
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Géraldine Dorard
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Aurélie Untas
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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15
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Løkkeberg B, Sollesnes R, Hestvik J, Langeland E. Adolescent siblings of children with cancer: a qualitative study from a salutogenic health promotion perspective. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2020; 15:1842015. [PMID: 33164698 PMCID: PMC7655063 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2020.1842015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the experiences of adolescents with a sibling suffering from cancer from a salutogenic health promotion perspective. METHODS Seven female siblings aged 13-17 years were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The analysis findings adhered largely to one main theme: new challenges and needs in everyday life, consisting of the two domains cancer into life and helpful resources to cope. Categories related to the cancer into life domain were new routines and concerns, fear, loneliness, and growing up. Helpful resources to cope were categorized as support from others, understanding, faith and hope, and normal activities. CONCLUSION Prominent in the siblings' descriptions were the challenging changes in everyday life including difficult feelings such as loneliness, and a need for understanding. Social support appeared as a crucial salutogenic coping resource to achieve understanding, faith and hope, and identity-crucial spheres to achieve meaning in life. This study has demonstrated the significance of salutogenesis in a new setting, and the findings could be of relevance to teachers and health professionals consulting with the siblings of children with cancer. Further research should be conducted to pinpoint concrete health-promoting measures that might benefit this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Løkkeberg
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Sollesnes
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorun Hestvik
- Children’s Clinic, Department of Cancer and Haemathology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Langeland
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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Emotional-Behavioral Disorders in Healthy Siblings of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56100491. [PMID: 32977671 PMCID: PMC7598646 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Siblings of disabled children are more at risk of developing mental illnesses. More than 50 international studies show that about 8% of children and adolescents suffer from a mental disorder, which is almost always a source of difficulties both at the interpersonal level (in the family and with peers) and at school. Healthy siblings of children with disabilities are one of the groups most at risk for consequences in psychological health and well-being. As some authors suggest, siblings build their idea of “being people”, in terms of character and personality, by continuously and daily confronting themselves with the theme of disability and a family context subjected to continuous stress. The following contribution aims to compare emotional–behavioral disorders in healthy siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder, in healthy siblings of children with Down’s syndrome and in healthy siblings of children with typical development. Materials and Methods: The results involve 153 children from the region of Campania and their caregivers through the administration of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: From the data, it emerged that siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder and siblings of children with Down’s syndrome have a greater emotional fragility, especially among male subjects. Conclusions: Our results require us to reflect on the clinical and policy measures needed to ensure the well-being of siblings of disabled children, mainly through appropriate sibling coping training.
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[Evaluation of a Manualized Group Program for Siblings of Children with Diseases or Disabilities]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2020; 69:203-217. [PMID: 32394821 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2020.69.3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of a Manualized Group Program for Siblings of Children with Diseases or Disabilities This study evaluates a manualized group program for siblings of children with life-threatening/life-limiting diseases or disabilities. The program aims to activate resources and to reduce emotional and behavioral problems, using cognitive-behavioral methods and experience-based interventions. In this multi-center study, 13 GeschwisterTREFFs were conducted by 11 study sites in Germany. Prior to and after the intervention 97 siblings aged 7 to 14 years and their parents were examined with standardized questionnaires. At baseline, the siblings of children with diseases or disabilities showed significant more emotional and behavioral problems compared to the respective norm samples. After the intervention, the siblings reported declined problem behavior scores that were mostly in the range of the particular norm values. Furthermore, the children indicated a significant improvement of self-esteem, self-efficacy, school competences and relations to their siblings. However, parents reported more problem behavior and less health-related quality of life of their children at both assessments. The present multi-center study showed the interventions' feasibility in different settings and confirmed expected improvements of target variables during the intervention period. Randomized-controlled trails are warranted to verify our results.
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Davies SC. School-Based Support for Families of Students with Traumatic Brain Injuries. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15377903.2020.1734708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Davies
- Department of Counselor Education, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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Ay Kaatsız MA, Öz F. I'm Here, Too: Being an Adolescent Sibling of a Pediatric Cancer Patient in Turkey. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 51:e77-e84. [PMID: 31653467 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine experiences and needs of Turkish adolescent siblings of children with cancer (SCC) and to identify if there is a country/culture-specific risk factor for these siblings. DESIGN AND METHOD In this qualitative study hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used. Eighteen eligible siblings were selected purposively from two hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Interviews were conducted with a semi-structured form. Content and thematic analyses were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The data revealed three levels of themes. The main theme was based on "I am here, too". From the first moment of diagnosis, siblings need to be visible and noticed by others. They seek ways to make sense of the disease as they experience dramatic changes in all aspects of their lives (high level themes - first encounter with the disease and changes in life). They expect their parents and relatives to support them (expectations) when they turn to various methods to cope with the changes (coping styles). CONCLUSIONS The lack of protective psychosocial care is a basic risk factor for adolescent SCC in Turkey. Despite its various limitations, the strongest aspect of this study is that it is the first publication that determines the experiences of Turkish SCC in their own words. In addition to supporting recent findings about siblings' experiences, obtaining some country-specific findings is a strength of the present study. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Providing psychosocial risk assessment of the siblings' immediately after diagnosis is necessary. It can be helpful to inform parents about the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Ayça Ay Kaatsız
- Faculty of Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Öz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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Long KA, Pariseau EM, Muriel AC, Chu A, Kazak AE, Alderfer MA. Development of a Psychosocial Risk Screener for Siblings of Children With Cancer: Incorporating the Perspectives of Parents. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 43:693-701. [PMID: 29617821 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although many siblings experience distress after a child's cancer diagnosis, their psychosocial functioning is seldom assessed in clinical oncology settings. One barrier to systematic sibling screening is the lack of a validated, sibling-specific screening instrument. Thus, this study developed sibling-specific screening modules in English and Spanish for the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT), a well-validated screener of family psychosocial risk. Methods A purposive sample of English- and Spanish-speaking parents of children with cancer (N = 29) completed cognitive interviews to provide in-depth feedback on the development of the new PAT sibling modules. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, cleaned, and analyzed using applied thematic analysis. Items were updated iteratively according to participants' feedback. Data collection continued until saturation was reached (i.e., all items were clear and valid). Results Two sibling modules were developed to assess siblings' psychosocial risk at diagnosis (preexisting risk factors) and several months thereafter (reactions to cancer). Most prior PAT items were retained; however, parents recommended changes to improve screening format (separately assessing each sibling within the family and expanding response options to include "sometimes"), developmental sensitivity (developing or revising items for ages 0-2, 3-4, 5-9, and 10+ years), and content (adding items related to sibling-specific social support, global assessments of sibling risk, emotional/behavioral reactions to cancer, and social ecological factors such as family and school). Conclusions Psychosocial screening requires sibling-specific screening items that correspond to preexisting risk (at diagnosis) and reactions to cancer (several months after diagnosis). Validated, sibling-specific screeners will facilitate identification of siblings with elevated psychosocial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna C Muriel
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Anne E Kazak
- Nemours Children's Health System.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Nemours Children's Health System.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
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21
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Carlsen LT, Christensen SR, Olesen SP. Adaption strategies used by siblings to childhood cancer patients. Psychooncology 2019; 28:1438-1444. [PMID: 30986887 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Siblings of childhood cancer patients experience social challenges. The results presented in this article are part of a larger qualitative study aiming to generate empirical knowledge about social consequences of childhood cancer from the family's perspective. METHODS Data were collected through interviews, observational studies, and questionnaires. The study included 68 childhood cancer patients, 39 siblings, and 39 parents from a total of 78 families. Grounded theory informed the data analysis. RESULTS Major life changes caused by childhood cancer entail an emotional hierarchy regarding the accommodation of each family member's need for help. This study identified a dynamic three-variable, four-adaption model for adaption strategies among siblings towards their parents, based on the sibling's perspective: (1) receives help without asking; (2) receives help after asking; (3) receives no help despite asking; and (4) receives no help and does not ask. Three variables are elaborative to understand the dynamic in adaption strategies: the patient's prognosis, the course of the disease, and the current situation of the diagnosed child. Even though the adaptions are reported by siblings, both patients and parents are aware of and concerned about the siblings' challenges. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for practice and have the potential to improve social and health care professionals' awareness and ability to offer support and information needed by the families and the siblings. The knowledge presented in this article should be considered basic health care information in line with other information such as treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Thoft Carlsen
- Patient Support and Community Activities, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Peter Olesen
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Weiner JA, Woodley LK. An integrative review of sibling responses to childhood cancer. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2018; 31:109-119. [PMID: 30548360 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
TOPIC Siblings of children with cancer experience extraordinary responses and changes to their lives over the course of their family's cancer journey. PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to conduct an integrative literature review to synthesize and analyze relevant findings related to the siblings' experiences of childhood cancer. SOURCES USED CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched using the key terms: "sibling*" AND "pediatric*" AND "cancer" AND "experienc*" OR "experience*." Inclusion criteria for this review were research studies focused on sibling responses to having a brother or sister with cancer, published in English between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017. CONCLUSIONS Siblings of children with cancer experience many changes to their emotions, relationships, family and home life, school life, and extracurricular activities. They have specific needs and desires including the need for information. Whereas they undergo many changes during the cancer journey, siblings often demonstrate resilience and personal growth and find ways to problem-solve and cope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Weiner
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing, Undergraduate Division, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lisa K Woodley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing, Undergraduate Division, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Franklin M, Patterson P, Allison KR, Rosso-Buckton A, Walczak A. An invisible patient: Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on caring for adolescents and young adults who have a sibling with cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018; 27:e12970. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pandora Patterson
- CanTeen Australia; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit; The University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Amanda Rosso-Buckton
- Health Education and Training Institute of New South Wales; North Parramatta New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam Walczak
- CanTeen Australia; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Silva TPD, Silva LJD, Ferreira MJC, Silva ÍR, Rodrigues BMRD, Leite JL. ASPECTOS CONTEXTUAIS SOBRE O GERENCIAMENTO DO CUIDADO DE ENFERMAGEM À CRIANÇA COM DOR ONCOLÓGICA CRÔNICA. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-070720180003400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: discutir os aspectos contextuais relacionados ao gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem à criança hospitalizada com dor oncológica crônica. Método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com base no referencial metodológico da Teoria Fundamentada em Dados e no referencial teórico do Pensamento Complexo, a partir de Edgar Morin. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da entrevista semiestruturada e da observação não participante. Os 21 participantes da pesquisa foram organizados em três grupos amostrais: o primeiro foi composto por sete enfermeiros; o segundo foi constituído por sete técnicos de enfermagem e o terceiro foi formado por sete profissionais da equipe multiprofissional de saúde. Os resultados da pesquisa foram validados por cinco examinadores, dos quais três apresentavam expertise no método de pesquisa. Resultados: a categoria intitulada “Desvelando aspectos contextuais sobre o gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem à criança com dor oncológica crônica” revelou por meio de suas subcategorias que a hospitalização dessa criança é longa, marcada por mudanças na dinâmica familiar, perdas e limitações impostas pela doença e/ou tratamento. O gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem é complexo, realizado por meio do trabalho em equipe e da demanda um planejamento que valorize as múltiplas necessidades da criança e do familiar. Conclusão: os resultados apontam para a necessidade do profissional de enfermagem contextualizar suas relações de cuidado, a partir da valorização de aspectos que transcendem a dimensão biológica da criança hospitalizada com dor oncológica crônica.
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Long KA, Lehmann V, Gerhardt CA, Carpenter AL, Marsland AL, Alderfer MA. Psychosocial functioning and risk factors among siblings of children with cancer: An updated systematic review. Psychooncology 2018; 27:1467-1479. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicky Lehmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
- Center for Biobehavioral Health Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus OH USA
| | - Cynthia A. Gerhardt
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
- Center for Biobehavioral Health Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus OH USA
| | | | | | - Melissa A. Alderfer
- Nemours Children's Health System/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children; Wilmington DE USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia PA USA
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The needs of siblings of children with a life-threatening illness, part 1: Conceptualization and development of a measure. Palliat Support Care 2017; 15:644-664. [DOI: 10.1017/s1478951516001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective:The presence of a child afflicted with a life-threatening illness is a difficult situation for the child's siblings, especially when their own needs are left unmet. The present article describes the first three phases of research involved in the conceptualization, development, and content validation of an initial version of the Inventaire des Besoins de la Fratrie d'Enfants Malades Sévèrement (IBesFEMS) [Needs Inventory for Siblings of Critically ill Children].Method:The first phase of the development of this instrument was conducted using qualitative methodology (focus groups: 6 siblings, 8 parents). The second phase consisted of validating the content of a pool of items developed according to the needs identified in the first phase. Some 21 participants (3 psychometricians, 3 researchers, 9 clinicians, and 6 siblings) evaluated each item for relevance and clarity. Finally, during the third phase, the acceptability and administration procedures of the preliminary version of the instrument were assessed qualitatively by five siblings.Results:The first phase led to production of a typology made up of 43 needs in 10 different environments. The second phase allowed for selection of the items that were clearest and most relevant, based on expert opinion. This procedure gave rise to a first version of the IBesFEMS, which consisted of 48 items.Significance of results:The IBesFEMS appears to be a promising tool for specifically assessing the needs of the adolescent siblings of seriously ill children.
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Tasker SL, Stonebridge GGS. Siblings, You Matter: Exploring the Needs of Adolescent Siblings of Children and Youth With Cancer. J Pediatr Nurs 2016; 31:712-722. [PMID: 27439791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Tasker
- University of Victoria, Department of Educational Psychology & Leadership Studies, Canada.
| | - Genevieve G S Stonebridge
- University of Victoria, Department of Educational Psychology & Leadership Studies, Canada; Clinical Counsellor, InspireHealth, Supportive Cancer Care, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Gerhardt CA, Lehmann V, Long KA, Alderfer MA. Supporting Siblings as a Standard of Care in Pediatric Oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62 Suppl 5:S750-804. [PMID: 26700924 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, evidence is provided for supporting siblings as a standard of care in pediatric oncology. Using Medline, PsycInfo, and CINAHL, a systematic search of articles published over the past two decades about siblings of children with cancer was conducted. A total of 125 articles, which were primarily descriptive studies, were evaluated by the four investigators using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. There is moderate-quality evidence, as well as support from community stakeholders, to justify a strong recommendation that siblings of children with cancer should be provided with psychosocial services and that parents and professionals are advised about how to meet siblings' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Gerhardt
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vicky Lehmann
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristin A Long
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington DE and Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Supporting youth grieving the dying or death of a sibling or parent: considerations for parents, professionals, and communities. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2015; 9:58-63. [PMID: 25581448 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to highlight considerations for parents, professionals, and communities regarding supporting children and adolescents who are grieving the dying or death of a parent or sibling. RECENT FINDINGS Current research is directly engaging the voices of youth who have experienced a parent or sibling's death. Although there continues to be much evidence about the distressing effect of such deaths on children and adolescents, there is a welcome emerging tendency to distinguish between adaptive and maladaptive grief. Although the literature strongly encourages parents to take an open and honest approach to supporting youth prior to a death, many barriers remain to them doing so. The literature identifies healthcare providers as being ideally positioned to provide guidance to families around best practice in the area of preparing youth for the death of a parent or sibling. Following a death, there is now encouraging evidence regarding the efficacy of certain interventions for bereaved youth, both in the short and long term, which is an important development in the field. SUMMARY Youth benefit from being involved in open and honest conversations about a family member's cancer diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and end-of-life care. Although advances are being made with regard to understanding the grief experience of youth, there remains a wide gap between the current theoretical knowledge and the availability of practical well informed support for grieving youth.
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Insufficient communication and anxiety in cancer-bereaved siblings: A nationwide long-term follow-up. Palliat Support Care 2015; 14:488-94. [DOI: 10.1017/s1478951515001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to examine siblings’ long-term psychological health in relation to their perception of communication with their family, friends, and healthcare professionals during a brother or sister's last month of life.Method:A nationwide questionnaire study was conducted during 2009 in Sweden of individuals who had lost a brother or sister to cancer within the previous two to nine years. Of the 240 siblings contacted, 174 (73%), participated. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was employed to assess psychological health (anxiety). The data are presented as proportions (%) and relative risks (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI95%).Results:Siblings who were not satisfied with the amount they talked about their feelings with others during their brother or sister's last month of life were more likely to report anxiety (15/58, 26%) than those who were satisfied (13/115, 11%; RR = 2.3(1.2–4.5)). The same was true for those who had been unable to talk to their family after bereavement (RR = 2.5(1.3–4.8)). Avoiding healthcare professionals for fear of being in their way increased siblings’ risk of reporting anxiety at follow-up (RR = 2.2(1.1–4.6)), especially avoidance in the hospital setting (RR = 6.7(2.5–18.2)). No such differences were seen when the ill brother or sister was cared for at home.Significance of results:Long-term anxiety in bereaved siblings might be due to insufficient communication. Avoiding healthcare professionals, especially when the brother or sister is cared for at the hospital, may also increase the risk of anxiety.
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Zegaczewski T, Chang K, Coddington J, Berg A. Factors Related to Healthy Siblings’ Psychosocial Adjustment to Children With Cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2015; 33:218-27. [PMID: 26483426 DOI: 10.1177/1043454215600426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify factors related to the psychosocial adjustment of healthy siblings of children with cancer (HSCC). Design and Method: An integrative review was conducted. Controlled vocabularies relevant to siblings, pediatrics, children, neoplasms, and psychosocial adaptation were used to search Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature and PubMed. Articles that met inclusion criteria (eg, quantitative studies related to HSCC’s psychosocial adjustment; had sample sizes of at least 30; and HSCC age between 1 and 19 years) were reviewed. Key findings of selected articles were analyzed according to sibling characteristics, social support, and contextual factors. Results: Seven nonexperimental and 5 quasi-experimental studies were reviewed. HSCC’s characteristics (eg, age, gender), perceived social support from family and summer camp, and perceived contextual factors (eg, role overload, family adaptability) were significant factors that correlated with HSCC’s psychosocial adjustment. Conclusion: When caring for a child diagnosed with cancer, nurses need to include HSCC in the assessment of a family unit’s adaptation to cancer distress and provide appropriate interventions to promote HSCC’s psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abby Berg
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Sposito AMP, Silva-Rodrigues FM, Sparapani VDC, Pfeifer LI, de Lima RAG, Nascimento LC. Coping Strategies Used by Hospitalized Children With Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy. J Nurs Scholarsh 2015; 47:143-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Mota Pacciulio Sposito
- Rho Upsilon , Occupational Therapist, Clinical Hospital at Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda Machado Silva-Rodrigues
- Assistant Professor, Nursing in Child, Adolescent, and Woman's Health Department; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo - FCMSCSP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Valéria de Cássia Sparapani
- Rho Upsilon , Pediatric Nurse, University of São Paulo at Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing; WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luzia Iara Pfeifer
- Assistant Professor, Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Occupational Therapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Regina Aparecida Garcia de Lima
- Rho Upsilon , Full Professor, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing; University of São Paulo, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lucila Castanheira Nascimento
- Rho Upsilon , Associate Professor, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing; University of São Paulo, Brazil, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
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Yu J, Bang KS. Perceived Alienation of, and Social Support for, Siblings of Children With Cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2015; 32:410-6. [PMID: 25612834 DOI: 10.1177/1043454214563753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This descriptive study was performed to identify the relationships among alienation, general social support, and nurses' support for the siblings of children with cancer. The participants were 84 siblings of children with cancer. Alienation was measured by the revised version of Dean's Alienation Scale, and general social support was quantified by the revised version of Dubow and Ullman's Social Support Appraisal Scale. For nurses' support, Murray's Nurse-Sibling Social Support Questionnaire was used. Data were collected from July 2011 to December 2011. The participants' alienation was not particularly high (mean = 42.24 ± 12.72), but psychosocial vulnerability was identified from their answers to open-ended questions. The participants' perceived alienation showed a negative correlation with general social support, but no relationship with nurses' support. Although direct relationships between nurses' support and the siblings' alienation were not found in this study, the siblings perceived that the support of nurses was moderately helpful. Nurses can help siblings by providing support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoun Yu
- Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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