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Cohen AS, Cardenas-Turanzas M, Champagne-Langabeer T. Roles of Hospital Type and Community Setting in Rate of Screening for Metabolic Disorders Among Psychiatric Patients. Psychiatr Serv 2024; 75:763-769. [PMID: 38566560 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20230472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Globally, rates of metabolic disorders continue to climb, leading to significant disease morbidity and mortality. Individuals with mental illness are particularly prone to obesity, and some medications, such as antipsychotics, may increase the risk for metabolic disorders. The American Psychiatric Association and the American Diabetes Association recommend that patients taking antipsychotic medications receive regular screening for metabolic disorders. This study examined hospital and community factors associated with screening these patients for such disorders. METHODS The authors combined Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) hospital-level data on screening for metabolic disorders among patients with an antipsychotic prescription with community data, including urbanization classification, social vulnerability, and metabolic disease presence and risk factors. Data were merged at the county level and evaluated with a nonparametric multivariate regression model. RESULTS The CMS data set included 1,497 U.S. hospitals with data on screening for metabolic disorders among patients with an antipsychotic prescription. Screening rates varied by type of facility; acute care and critical access hospitals outperformed freestanding psychiatric facilities (p<0.001). No other variables examined in the multivariate model were associated with screening for metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Despite common resource limitations, screening for metabolic disorders may be driven more by logistics and less by time, finances, or a community's primary care network. Identifying the specific logistical challenges of freestanding psychiatric facilities could aid in the development of targeted interventions to improve the rates of screening for and treatment of not only metabolic disorders but also other common comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarah Cohen
- Center for Behavioral Emergency and Addiction Research, D. Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Marylou Cardenas-Turanzas
- Center for Behavioral Emergency and Addiction Research, D. Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer
- Center for Behavioral Emergency and Addiction Research, D. Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
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Soda T, Richards J, Gaynes BN, Cueva M, Laux J, McClain C, Frische R, Lindquist LK, Cuddeback GS, Jarskog LF. Systematic Quality Improvement and Metabolic Monitoring for Individuals Taking Antipsychotic Drugs. Psychiatr Serv 2021; 72:647-653. [PMID: 33887956 PMCID: PMC8192348 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to increase the rate of cardiometabolic monitoring for patients receiving antipsychotic drugs in an academic outpatient psychiatric clinic serving people with serious mental illness. METHODS Using a prospective quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series design with data from the electronic health record (EHR), the authors determined metabolic monitoring rates before, during, and after implementation of prespecified quality improvement (QI) measures between August 2016 and July 2017. QI measures included a combination of provider, patient, and staff education; systematic barrier reduction; and an EHR-based reminder system. RESULTS After 1 year of QI implementation, the rate of metabolic monitoring had increased from 33% to 49% (p<0.01) for the primary outcome measure (hemoglobin A1C and lipid panel). This increased monitoring rate was sustained for 27 months beyond the end of the QI intervention. More than 75% of providers did not find the QI reminders burdensome. CONCLUSIONS Significant improvement in the rate of metabolic monitoring for people taking antipsychotic drugs can be achieved with little added burden on providers. Future research needs to assess the full range of patient, provider, and system barriers that prevent cardiometabolic monitoring for all individuals receiving antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soda
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
| | - Jennifer Richards
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
| | - Bradley N Gaynes
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
| | - Michelle Cueva
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
| | - Jeffrey Laux
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
| | - Christine McClain
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
| | - Rachel Frische
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
| | - Lisa K Lindquist
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
| | - Gary S Cuddeback
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
| | - L Fredrik Jarskog
- Department of Psychiatry (Soda, Gaynes, Cueva, Frische, Cuddeback, Jarskog), North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (Laux), and School of Social Work (Cuddeback), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; Cherry Hospital, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Goldsboro (Richards); Northwest Human Services, Salem, Inc., Salem, Oregon (McClain); Department of Psychiatry, Providence Alaska Medical Center, Anchorage (Lindquist)
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Leung JG, Owen A, Webb AJ, Johnson EK, Dively-White M, Kreps M, Anderson KK, Schak KM. Improvement of Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Quality Reporting program measure: Screening for metabolic disorders through pharmacy collaborative practice agreement. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 61:e126-e131. [PMID: 33931352 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-generation antipsychotics are associated with lower risks of extrapyramidal symptoms, including tardive dyskinesia. However, many second-generation antipsychotics are associated with metabolic adverse effects, including weight gain, impaired blood glucose control, and hyperlipidemia. Metabolic monitoring for patients prescribed antipsychotic medication is 1 of several measures of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Quality Reporting program. Screening for metabolic disorders (SMD) must be obtained within the previous 365 days before the hospital discharge date. National data suggest that compliance with this measure is low. OBJECTIVE To improve compliance of metabolic monitoring by 20% while ensuring that the quality improvement interventions did not cause any unintended adverse effects on other aspects of our system. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION This quality initiative was conducted at a large, 2000-bed academic medical center with approximately 80 inpatient psychiatric beds. PRACTICE INNOVATION To improve the metabolic screening rates, a pharmacist collaborative practice agreement (CPA) was established as part of a quality improvement project. Previously, there were no formal processes at the institution to ensure that appropriate laboratory tests were conducted. EVALUATION METHODS Using an uncontrolled before-and-after design, SMD data were gathered from 6 months before and 6 months after CPA implementation. Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the pre- and postintervention groups in this quasi-experimental design. RESULTS Compared with the preintervention period, compliance of SMD monitoring increased by 21.2% in the postintervention phase-from 69.2% to 90.4% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The empowerment of clinical pharmacists with a CPA significantly improved guideline-concordant metabolic monitoring of antipsychotics. These findings may have significant impact on the approach to the safe use of these essential psychotropic medications and provide a framework for other inpatient mental health facilities to optimally use the skills of their interdisciplinary team.
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Çakır B, Yalın Sapmaz Ş, Kandemir H. Use of Antipsychotics: The Experiences, Views, and Monitoring Practices of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists in Turkey. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2021; 31:73-78. [PMID: 32614261 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2020.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antipsychotics prescribed by child psychiatrists and their applications on the follow-up of these drugs. Methods: The universe of this research included consultant physicians and child psychiatry residents working in the field. A questionnaire has been created that assesses the use of antipsychotics and follow-up processes of physicians. The survey involved 19 questions. Contents of the survey were sociodemographic data, short-term and long-term follow-up of antipsychotic drugs, side-effect intervention strategies, and diagnoses of the most commonly preferred antipsychotic medications. The survey was delivered via e-mail and sent as a message to the child and adolescent psychiatrists in Turkey. Results: One hundred sixty-one physicians working in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry participated in the study. Aripiprazole (32.2%), risperidone (30.4%), and quetiapine (14.9%) were three most commonly prescribed antipsychotics. Disruptive behavior-related disorders (28.9%), behavior problems related to autism spectrum disorder (20.7%), behavior problems related to intellectual disability (14.5%), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (12.4%) were the most common diagnoses requiring antipsychotics medications. Before starting antipsychotic treatment, the most commonly evaluated parameters were body mass index (BMI) (47.2%), waist circumference (10.5%), blood pressure (28.5%), lipid profile (37%), and blood glucose level (41.6%). When the evaluations made at least in a year after starting antipsychotic drug therapy were examined, 80.2% of physicians reported blood glucose, 79.6% lipid profile, 65.7% BMI, 59.1% blood pressure, and 26.6% waist circumference measurement almost always done. Conclusions: The results showed that the adherence to recommendations in guidelines for the screening of antipsychotic-related side effects was low. This study suggests that interventions should be made about antipsychotic monitoring training to physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Çakır
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Şermin Yalın Sapmaz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
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