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Internal Consistency and Convergent Validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory English and European-Spanish Version with English/Spanish Bilinguals. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 22:E31. [PMID: 31155018 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Practitioners have few personality inventory options when assessing Spanish-speakers, despite professional guidelines that encourage them to administer measures that are validated with their populations of interest. To build on research in this area, we examined the internal consistency and convergent validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Personality Assessment Inventory European-Spanish (PAIE-S) version among bilingual Latin American Spanish-speakers (final n = 53). For the PAI, 72.72% of scales and 35.48% of subscales had alphas above .70. For the PAIE-S, 50.00% of scales and 25.81% of scales met this alpha. Participants tended to score lowest on the PAI Alcohol Problems scale (T = 47.19) and the PAIE-S Warmth scale (T = 45.49). On average, participants scored highest on the PAI's Paranoia-Hypervigilance scale (T = 61.15) and the PAIE-S's Paranoia scale (T = 57.64). We identified 10 scales and subscales on which participants were significantly more likely (p < .00094) to score higher on one measure than the other. Participants more often scored higher on the PAI than the PAIE-S. All parallel scales and subscales converged at p < .00094 with the exception of the Antisocial Features-Egocentricity scale. Taken together, findings suggest taking caution when administering these measures to Latin American bilingual Spanish-speakers.
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Walsh S, Levita L, Reuber M. Comorbid depression and associated factors in PNES versus epilepsy: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure 2018; 60:44-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Correa AA, Rogers R, Williams MM. Malingering and Defensiveness on the Spanish Personality Assessment Inventory: An Initial Investigation with Mostly Spanish-Speaking Outpatients. Assessment 2018; 27:1163-1175. [PMID: 29929387 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118778895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychological assessments can be essentially invalidated by examinees' intentional response styles, such as feigning (i.e., fabrication or marked overreporting of symptoms/impairment) and defensiveness (i.e., denial or minimization of symptoms/impairment). As a psychometric strength, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) has established validity indicators for identifying both response styles. With the United States' increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, predominantly Spanish-speaking individuals are now estimated in the range of 15 million persons. Unfortunately, very little research has been conducted on the Spanish-translated PAI regarding its effectiveness in clinical populations. Using a between-subjects design, a sample of mostly Spanish-speaking outpatients was randomly assigned to genuine, feigning, or defensive conditions. For feigning, PAI malingering indicators using rare symptoms strategies (i.e., Negative Impression [NIM] and Negative Distortion [NDS] scales) demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes. For defensiveness, the Defensive (DEF) index proved the most effective with a very large effect size (M = 1.68). Different cut scores were examined to increase the clinical utility of the Spanish PAI for determining response styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amor A Correa
- Federal Medical Center Carswell, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Aguerrevere LE, Castillo YA, Nicks RC, Juan R, Curtis KL. Pain-Related Symptom Reporting Among Hispanics: Implications for Forensic Psychological Evaluations. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-016-9271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grzywacz JG, Hovey JD, Seligman LD, Arcury TA, Quandt SA. Evaluating Short-Form Versions of the CES-D for Measuring Depressive Symptoms Among Immigrants From Mexico. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986306290645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the feasibility of using a short-form version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D) in community mental health research with Mexican immigrants. Several features of three published short versions of the CES-D were examined using data combined from seven diverse Mexican immigrant samples from across the United States ( N= 685). Results indicate that published short-form versions of the CES-D are reliable, they account for most of the variance in scores from the full CES-D, and there is little evidence that the use of short forms attenuates associations with other concepts relevant to understanding the mental health of Mexican immigrants. Although additional validation research is necessary, the results of this study suggest that short-form versions of the CES-D can be used to study mental health among Mexican immigrants.
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Mora DC, Quandt SA, Chen H, Arcury TA. Associations of Poor Housing with Mental Health Among North Carolina Latino Migrant Farmworkers. J Agromedicine 2016; 21:327-34. [PMID: 27409300 PMCID: PMC5019947 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2016.1211053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This analysis examines the associations of housing conditions with mental health among migrant farmworkers. Data are from a 2010 cross-sectional study conducted in 16 North Carolina counties. Interviews and housing inspections were completed with 371 farmworkers in 186 camps. Mental health measures included depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D), anxiety (Personality Assessment Inventory, PAI), and alcohol misuse (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT-C). Housing measures were number of people per sleeping room, perceived security of self and belongings, having a key to dwelling's door, having bedroom storage, toilet privacy issues, and number of housing regulation violations. Sixty (16.7%) participants had substantial depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥10), 31 (8.8%) had substantial anxiety (PAI ≥27), and 185 (50.1%) had the potential for alcohol misuse (AUDIT-C ≥4). Those with 5+ persons sleeping per room were more likely to have a depression score ≥10 (31.5% vs. 13-14%, P = .01) and an anxiety scores ≥27 (19.6% vs. 5-9%, P = .02). Those who did not feel they or their belongings were secure were more likely to have a depression score ≥10 (19.4% vs. 9.1%, P = .01). Those without a key were more likely to have an anxiety score ≥27 (11.5% vs. 5.1%, P = .04). Those with no bedroom storage were more likely to have a depression score ≥10 (28.9% vs. 14.9%, P = .03). This article suggests links between poor housing and farmworkers' mental health. These results inform regulations surrounding farmworker housing and inform health care providers on how to prevent and treat poor mental health among migrant farmworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Mora
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Haiying Chen
- Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine
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Kim DJ, Park MC, Lee KH, Lee SY, Oh SW. Factor Analysis of the Adolescent Personality Assessment Inventory. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2015. [DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.3.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Sandberg JC, Talton JW, Quandt SA, Chen H, Weir M, Doumani WR, Chatterjee AB, Arcury TA. Association between housing quality and individual health characteristics on sleep quality among Latino farmworkers. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 16:265-72. [PMID: 23161266 PMCID: PMC3884040 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although poor sleep quality and associated sleep disorders are associated with increased risk of job injury and multiple mental and physical health problems, scant research has examined sleep quality among Latino farmworkers. Interviews were conducted with 371 male Latino farmworkers working in North Carolina during the 2010 agricultural season. Data on housing quality and sleep quality were collected. Access to air conditioning was significantly and positively associated with good sleep quality. This association remained when other housing characteristics and individual health indicators were controlled. Good sleep quality was associated with low levels of pain, depression, and anxiety. Poor sleep quality among Latino farmworkers was associated with poorer indicators of health. One important indicator of housing quality, air conditioning, was associated with better sleep quality. Further research is required to delineate how to improve the adequacy of farmworker housing to improve sleep quality and other health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C Sandberg
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA,
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Schwartz D, Lansford JE, Dodge KA, Pettit GS, Bates JE. Peer victimization during middle childhood as a lead indicator of internalizing problems and diagnostic outcomes in late adolescence. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 44:393-404. [PMID: 24660666 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2014.881293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined evidence that peer victimization in middle childhood is a lead indicator of internalizing behavior problems and diagnostic outcomes during adolescence. This research was conducted as part of an ongoing multisite longitudinal investigation. The participants were 388 children (198 boys, 190 girls). Peer victimization was assessed with a peer nomination inventory that was administered when the average age of the participants was approximately 8.5 years. Internalizing problems were assessed using a behavior problem checklist completed by mothers in 9 consecutive years, and a structured clinical interview was administered to the participants in the summer following high school graduation (10-11 years after the victimization assessment). Peer victimization in middle childhood was correlated with internalizing problems on a bivariate basis through the late years of adolescence. Multilevel analyses also revealed associations between peer victimization and increases in internalizing problems over time. In addition, peer victimization had a modest link to unipolar depressive disorders in late adolescence. Victimization in the peer group during middle childhood appears to be a marker of long-term risk for internalizing behavior problems and unipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwartz
- a Department of Psychology , University of Southern California
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Correa AA, Rogers R, Hoersting R. Validation of the Spanish SIRS with monolingual Hispanic outpatients. J Pers Assess 2010; 92:458-64. [PMID: 20706932 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2010.497430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychologists are faced with formidable challenges in making their assessment methods relevant to growing numbers of Hispanic clients for whom English is not the primary or preferred language. Among other clinical issues, the determination of malingering has profound consequences for clients. In this investigation, we evaluated a Spanish translation of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; Rogers, Bagby, & Dickens, 1992) with 80 Spanish-speaking Hispanic American outpatients. Using a between-subjects simulation design, the Spanish SIRS was found to produce reliable results with small standard errors of measurement. Regarding validity, very large effect sizes (mean Cohen's d= 2.00) were observed between feigners and honest responders for the SIRS primary scales. We consider the potential role of the Spanish SIRS with reference to Spanish translations for other assessment instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amor A Correa
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
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Leaving family for work: ambivalence and mental health among Mexican migrant farmworker men. J Immigr Minor Health 2009; 8:85-97. [PMID: 19835002 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-006-6344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Men migrating to the United States from Mexico and Central America confront opposing family norms. They need to leave their families to gain family economic security; yet, leaving renders their families vulnerable. We examined the mental health implications of the opposing family norms inherent in migration using an ambivalence framework. We interviewed 60 Latino migrant farmworkers working in North Carolina. Most were from Mexico; each had left a wife and children in his country of origin. Analysis indicated that family ambivalence was common. Ambivalence was associated with anxiety symptoms (but not depression or alcohol dependence), especially among men who were unable to contact their families regularly. Results show the usefulness of the ambivalence framework, and suggest that the origins of poor migrant mental health may reside in circumstances preceding migration. Study recommendations include facilitating family contact by expanding access to telephones among migrant workers.
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Hopwood CJ, Flato CG, Ambwani S, Garland BH, Morey LC. A comparison of Latino and Anglo socially desirable responding. J Clin Psychol 2009; 65:769-80. [PMID: 19388057 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that Latinos tend to score higher than Anglos on psychometric indicators of socially desirable responding. The purpose of the current study was to test several methodological and cultural explanations for these group differences. Hypothesized explanations included varying levels of problems in living, measurement bias, differential structure of socially desirable responding measures, reliabilities of response style indicators, or cultural factors. Results supported previous findings that self-identified Latino (N=143) respondents score significantly higher than Anglos (N=93) on some socially desirable responding indicators. Groups did not differ in levels of psychopathology and socially desirable responding indicators demonstrated structural similarity, equivalent relations to external criteria, and equivalent reliabilities across groups. Thus, data suggest normative differences between these groups in social presentation that should be considered in culturally sensitive clinical practice.
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Lansford JE, Erath S, Yu T, Pettit GS, Dodge KA, Bates JE. The developmental course of illicit substance use from age 12 to 22: links with depressive, anxiety, and behavior disorders at age 18. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2008; 49:877-85. [PMID: 18564069 PMCID: PMC2728549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous theory and research suggest links between substance use and externalizing behavior problems, but links between substance use and internalizing problems are less clear. The present study sought to understand concurrent links among diagnoses of substance use disorders, internalizing disorders, and behavior disorders at age 18 as well as developmental trajectories of illicit substance use prior to and after this point. METHODS Using data from 585 participants in the Child Development Project, this study examined comorbidity among substance use, behavior, and internalizing disorders at age 18 and trajectories of growth in illicit substance use from age 12 to age 22. RESULTS In this community sample, meeting diagnostic criteria for comorbid internalizing disorders, a behavioral disorder (conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder) alone, or both internalizing and behavioral disorders predicted higher concurrent substance use disorders (abuse, dependence, or withdrawal). Meeting diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder alone or depression alone did not predict higher concurrent substance use diagnoses. Over time, youths with behavioral disorders at age 18 showed a pattern of increasing substance use across early adolescence and higher levels of substance use than those with no diagnosis at age 18. Substance use declines from late adolescence to early adulthood were observed for all groups. CONCLUSIONS Substance use disorders were more highly comorbid with behavior disorders than with internalizing disorders at age 18, and behavior disorder and comorbid behavior-internalizing disorders at age 18 were related to trajectories characterized by steep increases in illicit substance use during adolescence and high rates of illicit substance use over time.
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Hiott AE, Grzywacz JG, Davis SW, Quandt SA, Arcury TA. Migrant Farmworker Stress: Mental Health Implications. J Rural Health 2008; 24:32-9. [PMID: 18257868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Hiott
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1084, USA.
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Groves JA, Engel RR. The German Adaptation and Standardization of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). J Pers Assess 2007; 88:49-56. [PMID: 17266414 DOI: 10.1080/00223890709336834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed the German Adaptation of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) under careful consideration of current adaptation literature and guidelines. The adaptation process included the translation of the 344 items into German, a back translation into English as well as the testing of the language equivalence using a bilingual sample. We then standardized the final German version of the PAI for the German population. We compared the American and German norm and reliability data. The observed differences in PAI scale means did not exceed 5 T scores. Internal consistency reliability showed a similar pattern in both language versions, although the German alpha coefficients were on average slightly lower than the American ones. Factor structure was similar in both versions. We discuss expectations about the German PAI and possible problems for its practical usefulness for the German-speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Groves
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Hiott A, Grzywacz JG, Arcury TA, Quandt SA. Gender Differences in Anxiety and Depression Among Immigrant Latinos. FAMILIES, SYSTEMS & HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF COLLABORATIVE FAMILY HEALTHCARE 2006; 24:137-146. [PMID: 31656394 PMCID: PMC6814163 DOI: 10.1037/1091-7527.24.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study determines elements of a social history that could assist primary care providers in identifying and treating anxiety and depression among immigrant Mexicans. Cross-sectional data were obtained through interviewer-administered survey questionnaires from immigrant Latinos in the United States fewer than 5 years (N = 150). Interviews were conducted by native Spanish-speakers in community settings. Mental health was measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Mental health in this sample was poor with nearly 40% indicating levels of anxiety and depression that may impair functioning. Social marginalization was associated with higher depression symptoms in men, and separation from family stress was associated with more depressive symptoms among women. When caring for immigrant Latinos, questions about social isolation and separation from family may provide insight into stress and its contribution to clinically significant anxiety and depression. These characteristics should also be considered when offering a treatment plan for anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hiott
- Ann Hiott, MD, Joseph G. Grzywacz, PhD, Thomas A. Arcury, PhD, Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Public Health Sciences, and Sara A. Quandt, PhD, Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Joseph G Grzywacz
- Ann Hiott, MD, Joseph G. Grzywacz, PhD, Thomas A. Arcury, PhD, Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Public Health Sciences, and Sara A. Quandt, PhD, Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thomas A Arcury
- Ann Hiott, MD, Joseph G. Grzywacz, PhD, Thomas A. Arcury, PhD, Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Public Health Sciences, and Sara A. Quandt, PhD, Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Ann Hiott, MD, Joseph G. Grzywacz, PhD, Thomas A. Arcury, PhD, Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Public Health Sciences, and Sara A. Quandt, PhD, Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Hovey JD, Magaña CG. Exploring the mental health of Mexican migrant farm workers in the Midwest: psychosocial predictors of psychological distress and suggestions for prevention and treatment. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2002; 136:493-513. [PMID: 12431034 DOI: 10.1080/00223980209605546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of the present study were threefold: (a) to assess the prevalence levels of anxiety and depression in a sample of Mexican migrant farm workers in the midwestern United States; (b) to explore the relationships among acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression; and (c) to examine the variables that best predict anxiety and depression. The overall sample revealed elevated levels of anxiety and depression. Migrant farm workers with heightened levels of acculturative stress were more likely to report high levels of anxiety and depression. Family dysfunction, ineffective social support, low self-esteem, lack of agreement with the decision to migrate, high education levels, high levels of acculturative stress, and high levels of anxiety were significantly associated with high depression levels. The overall findings suggest that migrant farm workers who experience elevated levels of acculturative stress may be at risk for experiencing high levels of anxiety and depression. The findings highlight the importance of establishing prevention and treatment services for migrant farm workers that aim to increase levels of emotional support, self-esteem, and coping skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Hovey
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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Hovey JD, Magaña CG. Psychosocial predictors of anxiety among immigrant Mexican migrant farmworkers: implications for prevention and treatment. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2002; 8:274-89. [PMID: 12143104 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.8.3.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined predictors of anxiety symptomatology among immigrant Mexican migrant farmworkers in the Midwest. Its purposes were to assess the prevalence of anxiety symptoms, to examine the relationship between acculturative stress and anxiety, and to determine the variables that best predict anxiety. Heightened levels were found for overall anxiety and in the cognitive, affective, and physiological expressions of anxiety. Elevated acculturative stress, low self-esteem, ineffective social support, lack of control and choice in living a migrant farmworker lifestyle, low religiosity, and high education were significantly related to high anxiety. Findings suggest that migrant farmworkers who experience elevated acculturative stress are susceptible to the development of anxiety-related disorders and highlight the importance of establishing prevention and treatment services for migrant farmworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Hovey
- Program for the Study of Immigration and Mental Health, Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
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Rogers R, Ustad KL, Salekin RT. Convergent validity of the personality assessment inventory: A study of emergency referrals in a correctional setting. Assessment 1998; 5:3-12. [PMID: 9458336 DOI: 10.1177/107319119800500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a new generation multiscale inventory that is widely used in clinical settings. The current study examined its convergent validity with emergency referrals in a metropolitan correctional facility. A sample of 80 referrals completed two phases of an assessment study. As a measure of convergent validity, results on select PAI scales were compared to the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). Overall, results indicated moderate to good convergent validity for the following: (a) screening for feigned profiles, (b) establishing clinical correlates of common disorders, and (c) evaluating the potential for suicidal ideation.
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