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Routier L, Querné L, Fontaine C, Berquin P, Le Moing AG. Distinct attentional and executive profiles in neurofibromatosis type 1: Is there difference with primary attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 51:93-99. [PMID: 38905883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Attentional and executive dysfunctions are the most frequent cognitive disorders in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), with a high prevalence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We (i) compared attentional profiles between NF1 children with and without ADHD and children with primary ADHD criteria and (ii) investigated the possible relationship between attentional disorders and "unidentified bright objects" (UBOs) in NF1. METHODS This retrospective study included 47 NF1 children, 25 with ADHD criteria (NF1+adhd group), matched for age, sex, and cognitive level with 47 children with primary ADHD (ADHD group). We collected computer task (sustained-attention, visuomotor-decision, inhibition, and cognitive-flexibility tasks) scores normalized for age and sex, and brain magnetic resonance imaging data. RESULTS (i) Working memory was impaired in all groups. (ii) Omissions (p < 0.002) and response-time variability (p < 0.05) in sustained-attention and visuomotor-decision tasks and errors (p < 0.02) in the cognitive-flexibility task were lower for the NFI+adhd and ADHD groups than for the NF1-no-adhd group. (iii) The NF1+adhd group had slower response times (p ≤ 0.02) for inhibition and visuomotor-decision tasks than the other groups. (iv) We found no relevant association between cognitive performance and UBOs. CONCLUSIONS NF1 children with ADHD have an attentional and executive functions deficit profile similar to that of children with primary ADHD, but with a slower response-time, increasing learning difficulties. The atypical connectivity of fronto-striatal pathways, poorer dopamine homeostasis, and increased GABA inhibition observed in NF1 renders vulnerable the development of the widely distributed neural networks that support attentional, working-memory, and executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Routier
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 1 rue du Professeur Christian Cabrol, 80054, Amiens Cedex, France; INSERM UMR 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, rue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, Cedex, France; Pediatric Neurophysiology Unit, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 1 rue du Professeur Christian Cabrol, 80054, Amiens Cedex, France.
| | - Laurent Querné
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 1 rue du Professeur Christian Cabrol, 80054, Amiens Cedex, France; INSERM UMR 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, rue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Fontaine
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 1 rue du Professeur Christian Cabrol, 80054, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Berquin
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 1 rue du Professeur Christian Cabrol, 80054, Amiens Cedex, France; INSERM UMR 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, rue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Le Moing
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, 1 rue du Professeur Christian Cabrol, 80054, Amiens Cedex, France; INSERM UMR 1105, Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, University of Picardie Jules Verne, rue René Laennec, 80054, Amiens, Cedex, France
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Weinberg H, Baruch Y, Tzameret H, Lavidor M. Cognitive control enhancement in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurotypical individuals. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2381-2392. [PMID: 37624418 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive control, which has been localized to the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) based on functional imaging and brain lesion studies, is impaired in patients with ADHD. The present study aims to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the rIFG might improve cognitive control in ADHD subjects. We hypothesized poorer performance in a cognitive control task, but not in a control language task, in the ADHD subjects. Crucially, following tDCS, we expected the ADHD group to improve their cognitive control. In a double-blind randomized control trial, 42 participants performed the stop signal task (SST) to index their cognitive control level and the language task. Half of them were randomly assigned to the anodal stimulation condition and half to the sham stimulation. The anodal or sham stimulation was applied over the right IFG. Following the stimulation, the participants reset the two tasks to see whether stimulation improved the (predicted) weaker performance in the ADHD group. Stimulation significantly enhanced cognitive control for both groups, with or without ADHD, in the SST task, but no significant stimulation effects were found for the control task. tDCS seems as a promising tool to improve cognitive control in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaya Weinberg
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Baruch
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hila Tzameret
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Lavidor
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Processes 2019; 162:205-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Querne L, Fall S, Le Moing AG, Bourel-Ponchel E, Delignières A, Simonnot A, de Broca A, Gondry-Jouet C, Boucart M, Berquin P. Effects of Methylphenidate on Default-Mode Network/Task-Positive Network Synchronization in Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2017; 21:1208-1220. [PMID: 24420764 DOI: 10.1177/1087054713517542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A failure of the anti-phase synchronization between default-mode (DMN) and task-positive networks (TPN) may be involved in a main manifestation of ADHD: moment-to-moment variability. The study investigated whereby methylphenidate may improve TPN/DMN synchronization in ADHD. METHOD Eleven drug-naive ADHD children and 11 typically developing (TD) children performed a flanker task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. The ADHD group was scanned without and 1 month later with methylphenidate. The signal was analyzed by independent component analysis. RESULTS The TD group showed anti-phase DMN/TPN synchronization. The unmedicated ADHD group showed synchronous activity in the posterior DMN only, which was positively correlated with response time variability for the flanker task. Methylphenidate initiated a partial anti-phase TPN/DMN synchronization, reduced variability, and abolished the variability/DMN correlation. CONCLUSION Although results should be interpreted cautiously because the sample size is small, they suggest that a failure of the TPN/DMN synchronization could be involved in the moment-to-moment variability in ADHD. Methylphenidate initiated TPN/DMN synchronization, which in turn appeared to reduce variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Querne
- 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.,2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France
| | - Sidy Fall
- 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.,2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Le Moing
- 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.,2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France
| | | | - Aline Delignières
- 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.,2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France
| | - Anais Simonnot
- 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France
| | - Alain de Broca
- 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France
| | | | | | - Patrick Berquin
- 1 GRAMFC INSERM U1105, Université de Picardie Jules-vernes, France.,2 Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, France
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Fall S, Querne L, Le Moing AG, Berquin P. Individual differences in subcortical microstructure organization reflect reaction time performances during a flanker task: a diffusion tensor imaging study in children with and without ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:50-6. [PMID: 26025013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The results of several previous magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that the fronto-striato-thalamic circuitry is involved in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have investigated the putative association between quantitative diffusion tensor imaging measurements of subcortical gray matter and subject task performances in children with ADHD. Here, we examined whether reaction time (RT) parameters during a flanker task were correlated with mean diffusivity (MD) measurements in the basal ganglia and thalamus in children with ADHD and in controls. For the study group as a whole, both the mean RT and the intra-individual variability in RTs were found to be significantly correlated with MD measurements in the right and left caudate, putamen and thalamus. In contrast, the correlation between the interference effect and MD failed to reach statistical significance. The present results may advance our understanding of the anatomical substrates of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidy Fall
- Department of Pediatric Neurology. INSERM U-1105, Amiens University Medical Center, F-80054, France.
| | - Laurent Querne
- Department of Pediatric Neurology. INSERM U-1105, Amiens University Medical Center, F-80054, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Le Moing
- Department of Pediatric Neurology. INSERM U-1105, Amiens University Medical Center, F-80054, France
| | - Patrick Berquin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology. INSERM U-1105, Amiens University Medical Center, F-80054, France
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Intérêt de l’utilisation d’un logiciel de classe virtuelle dans l’aide au diagnostic et la prise en charge des enfants présentant un Trouble Déficit de l’Attention/Hyperactivité. ENFANCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4074/s0013754515001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Killeen PR, Russell VA, Sergeant JA. A behavioral neuroenergetics theory of ADHD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:625-57. [PMID: 23454637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Energetic insufficiency in neurons due to inadequate lactate supply is implicated in several neuropathologies, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). By formalizing the mechanism and implications of such constraints on function, the behavioral Neuroenergetics Theory (NeT) predicts the results of many neuropsychological tasks involving individuals with ADHD and kindred dysfunctions, and entails many novel predictions. The associated diffusion model predicts that response times will follow a mixture of Wald distributions from the attentive state, and ex-Wald distributions after attentional lapses. It is inferred from the model that ADHD participants can bring only 75-85% of the neurocognitive energy to bear on tasks, and allocate only about 85% of the cognitive resources of comparison groups. Parameters derived from the model in specific tasks predict performance in other tasks, and in clinical conditions often associated with ADHD. The primary action of therapeutic stimulants is to increase norepinephrine in active regions of the brain. This activates glial adrenoceptors, increasing the release of lactate from astrocytes to fuel depleted neurons. The theory is aligned with other approaches and integrated with more general theories of ADHD. Therapeutic implications are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Killeen
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA.
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Galéra C, Bouvard MP, Lagarde E, Michel G, Touchette E, Fombonne E, Melchior M. Childhood attention problems and socioeconomic status in adulthood: 18-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 2012; 201:20-5. [PMID: 22626635 PMCID: PMC3907305 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with socioeconomic difficulties later in life. Little research in this area has been based on longitudinal and community studies. AIMS To examine the relationship between childhood attention problems and socioeconomic status 18 years later. METHOD Using a French community sample of 1103 youths followed from 1991 to 2009, we tested associations between childhood attention problems and socioeconomic status between ages 22 and 35 years, adjusting for potential childhood and family confounders. RESULTS Individuals with high levels of childhood attention problems were three times more likely to experience subsequent socioeconomic disadvantage than those with low levels of attention problems (odds ratio 3.44, 95% CI 1.72-6.92). This association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for childhood externalising problems, low family income, parental divorce and parental alcohol problems. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal community-based study shows an association between childhood attention problems and socioeconomic disadvantage in adulthood. Taking into account ADHD and associated difficulties could help reduce the long-term socioeconomic burden of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel-Pierre Bouvard
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie
Hôpital Charles PerrensUniversité Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II121 rue de la Béchade 33076 Bordeaux, FR
| | - Emmanuel Lagarde
- Epidémiologie et Biostatistique
INSERM : U897Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux IIInstitut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)146, rue Léo-Saignat 33076 Bordeaux, FR
| | - Grégory Michel
- CESP, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations
INSERM : U1018Université Paris XI - Paris SudHôpital Paul BrousseAssistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France, FR
| | - Evelyne Touchette
- CESP, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations
INSERM : U1018Université Paris XI - Paris SudHôpital Paul BrousseAssistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France, FR,Department of Child Psychiatry
McGill UniversityMontreal Children's Hospital2300 rue Tupper, Montreal, H3H 1P3, CA
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment
Department of PsychologyLaval University2325 rue de l'Université, Québec G1V 0A6, CA
| | - Maria Melchior
- CESP, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations
INSERM : U1018Université Paris XI - Paris SudHôpital Paul BrousseAssistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France, FR,* Correspondence should be addressed to: Maria Melchior
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Sleep in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: past, present, and future. Sleep Med Rev 2011; 16:371-88. [PMID: 22033171 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The understanding that sleep can give rise to, or exacerbate symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and that good sleep hygiene improves attention and concentration tasks has sparked interest in the investigation of possible etiological relationships between sleep disorders and ADHD. Studies indicate that 30% of children and 60-80% of adults with ADHD have symptoms of sleep disorders such as daytime sleepiness, insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome, fractured sleep, restless legs syndrome, and sleep disordered breathing. The range and diversity of findings by different researchers have posed challenges in establishing whether sleep disturbances are intrinsic to ADHD or whether disturbances occur due to co-morbid sleep disorders. As a result, understanding of the nature of the relationship between sleep disturbances/disorders and ADHD remains unclear. In this review, we present a comprehensive and critical account of the research that has been carried out to investigate the association between sleep and ADHD, as well as discuss mechanisms that have been proposed to account for the elusive relationship between sleep disturbances, sleep disorders, and ADHD.
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Mazer JA. Spatial attention, feature-based attention, and saccades: three sides of one coin? Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:1147-52. [PMID: 21529782 PMCID: PMC3572732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The last three decades has seen a steady growth of neuroscience research aimed at understanding the functions and sources of top-down attentional modulation in the brain. This correlates with recognition that attention may be a necessary component of sensory systems to support natural behaviors in natural environments. Complexity and clutter are two of the most recognizable hallmarks of natural environments, which can simultaneously contain vitally important and completely irrelevant stimuli. Attention serves as an adaptive filter providing each sensory modality preferential processing routes for important stimuli while suppressing responses to distracters, thus optimizing use of limited neural resources. In other words, attention is the family of mechanisms by which organisms are able to effectively and selectively allocate limited neural resources to achieve specific behavioral goals. This review provides some historical context for considering attentional frameworks and modern neurophysiological attention research, focusing on visual attention. A taxonomy of common attentional effects and neural mechanisms is provided, along with consideration of the specific relationship between attention and saccade planning. We examine the validity of premotor theories of attention, which posit that attention and saccade planning are one and the same. While there is strong evidence that attention and oculomotor planning are similar, with shared neural substrates, there is also evidence that these two functions are not synonymous. Finally, we examine neurophysiological explanations for dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the hypothesis that social impairment in autism spectrum disorders is partially attributable to perturbations of attentional control circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Mazer
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Bourel-Ponchel E, Querné L, Le Moing AG, Delignières A, de Broca A, Berquin P. Maturation of response time and attentional control in ADHD: evidence from an attentional capture paradigm. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2011; 15:123-30. [PMID: 21185754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity are the core symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Slowness, although less known, has been also recently reported in children with ADHD and may contribute to their learning difficulties. Slow response time and greater response time variability have been highlighted by several computerized tasks. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the age-related response time in ADHD children and in a group of matched control children during an attentional capture paradigm. The study population included 75 children with ADHD (aged between 6 and 13) and 75 age- and gender-matched typical developing children (Control group). The children with ADHD made more errors than children on the control group. The response times and the response time variability decreased with age in both groups and were significantly greater in ADHD than in controls. The distractor effect was similar in both groups. The maturation of response times and response time variability with age is quite similar in children with ADHD and typical developing children but whatever the age-class, children with ADHD were slower and exhibited greater response time variability than control children that could explain the variation during day-time of attention capacities in ADHD.
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Oades RD, Dauvermann MR, Schimmelmann BG, Schwarz MJ, Myint AM. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and glial integrity: S100B, cytokines and kynurenine metabolism--effects of medication. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2010; 6:29. [PMID: 20509936 PMCID: PMC2889842 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-6-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show a marked temporal variability in their display of symptoms and neuropsychological performance. This could be explained in terms of an impaired glial supply of energy to support neuronal activity. METHOD We pursued one test of the idea with measures of a neurotrophin reflecting glial integrity (S100B) and the influences of 8 cytokines on the metabolism of amino-acids, and of tryptophan/kynurenine to neuroprotective or potentially toxic products that could modulate glial function. Serum samples from 21 medication-naïve children with ADHD, 21 typically-developing controls, 14 medicated children with ADHD and 7 healthy siblings were analysed in this preliminary exploration of group differences and associations. RESULTS There were no marked group differences in levels of S100B, no major imbalance in the ratios of pro- to anti-inflammatory interleukins nor in the metabolism of kynurenine to toxic metabolites in ADHD. However, four trends are described that may be worthy of closer examination in a more extensive study. First, S100B levels tended to be lower in ADHD children that did not show oppositional/conduct problems. Second, in medicated children raised interleukin levels showed a trend to normalisation. Third, while across all children the sensitivity to allergy reflected increased levels of IL-16 and IL-10, the latter showed a significant inverse relationship to measures of S100B in the ADHD group. Fourthly, against expectations healthy controls tended to show higher levels of toxic 3-hydroxykynurenine (3 HK) than those with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Thus, there were no clear signs (S100B) that the glial functions were compromised in ADHD. However, other markers of glial function require examination. Nonetheless there is preliminary evidence that a minor imbalance of the immunological system was improved on medication. Finally, if lower levels of the potentially toxic 3 HK in ADHD children were confirmed this could reflect a reduction of normal pruning processes in the brain that would be consistent with delayed maturation (supported here by associations with amino-acid metabolism) and a reduced metabolic source of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Oades
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen Germany
| | - Maria R Dauvermann
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen Germany
| | - Benno G Schimmelmann
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Bern, Effingerstr. 12, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus J Schwarz
- Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximillian's University Psychiatric Hospital, 8036 Munich, Germany
| | - Aye-Mu Myint
- Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximillian's University Psychiatric Hospital, 8036 Munich, Germany
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Carr L, Henderson J, Nigg JT. Cognitive control and attentional selection in adolescents with ADHD versus ADD. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2010; 39:726-40. [PMID: 21058121 PMCID: PMC3059559 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2010.517168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An important research question is whether Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is related to early- or late-stage attentional control mechanisms and whether this differentiates a nonhyperactive subtype (ADD). This question was addressed in a sample of 145 ADD/ADHD and typically developing comparison adolescents (aged 13-17). Attentional blink and antisaccade tasks were used to assay early- and late-stage control, respectively. ADD was defined using normative cutoffs to ensure low activity level in children who otherwise met full criteria for ADHD. The ADD group had an attenuated attentional blink versus controls and ADHD-combined. The effect was not produced using DSM--IV definition of ADHD-primarily inattentive type or DSM symptom counts. ADHD-combined showed greater weakness in response inhibition, as manifest in the antisaccade task. Combining tasks yielded an interaction differentiating group performance on the two tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Carr
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, USA.
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