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Mohammadi F, Oshvandi K, Bijani M, Borzou SR, Khodaveisi M, Masoumi SZ. Perception of facing life's challenges in patients with spinal cord injury in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:202. [PMID: 35971169 PMCID: PMC9376906 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most serious types of physical trauma and has become a major life-threatening condition in the recent decade. It is essential that the life perception and experiences of patients with SCI be studied and evaluated in different cultural contexts so that their needs and the challenges they face can be properly determined. The present study aims to explore the how patients with SCI in the south of Iran perceive facing life's challenges. METHODS The present study is a qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological design. Participants were identified through purposive sampling of patients with spinal cord injury admitted to two state hospitals affiliated with a university of medical sciences in western Iran. The researchers collected data using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 25 SCI patients conducted between August and October 2021. Data was analyzed according to Colaizzi's method using MAXQDA v. 2007. RESULTS Analysis of the data led to the emergence of three themes and nine sub-themes. The three main themes were emotional shock (crisis making and mental rumination, persistent depressive disorder, pitying behaviors, fear of the future), loss of dignity (poor self- care, sexual dysfunction, loss of job and educational status), and lack of effective support (lack of financial institutions and sponsors, lack of social support). CONCLUSION Patients with spinal cord injuries face various issues in their care and social lives. Attention to their psycho-emotional needs along with comprehensive health support play key roles in generating a sense of self efficacy and promoting the mental well-being and dignity of patients with spinal cord injuries. Accordingly, healthcare administrators and caregivers are recommended to provide more comprehensive health support to SCI patients to meet their needs more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Mohammadi
- Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center and Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Department of Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khodayar Oshvandi
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Seyed Reza Borzou
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Khodaveisi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Batista J, Marinai JC, Gouveia M, Oliveira JT, Gonçalves MM. Write and Let Go: An Online Writing Program for University Students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:874600. [PMID: 35874340 PMCID: PMC9301038 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.874600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are a plethora of studies on expressive writing and positive writing interventions, but few have addressed the combination of both paradigms. Additionally, research on the role of ambivalence toward change in the context of writing-based interventions is lacking. Ambivalence toward change is a natural movement of approaching and avoiding change that may occur in various situations. In psychotherapy, its resolution is associated with successful outcomes. Aim This study tested the efficacy of a combination of expressive and positive writing paradigms in an internet-based intervention to improve university students' mental health. Additionally, focusing participants on a current, unresolved problem allowed us to explore the possible role of ambivalence toward change as a mediator of the intervention's results. Methods We recruited 172 participants who were randomly divided into experimental (n = 85) and control (n = 87) groups. The intervention consisted of the identification of a current problem and four writing tasks on consecutive days. Assessment was conducted at baseline and posttest in both groups and at follow-up in the experimental group. Participants in the experimental condition were also assessed after each task. Measures of anxiety, depression, rumination, ambivalence toward change, distress, and wellbeing (optimism, affect, and satisfaction with life) were collected. Results Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that participants in the experimental group had a significant decrease from baseline to posttest in ambivalence toward change and rumination when compared with the control group. These results were maintained at follow-up. No differences were found in the remaining measures. Within the experimental group, ambivalence toward change, rumination, and distress significantly decreased throughout the intervention and the exploratory mediation analysis indicated that ambivalence toward change partially mediated the improvements in rumination and distress. Discussion Considering different perspectives about a current problem and using a combination of expressive and positive writing fostered the reduction of ambivalence toward change and rumination. Ambivalence toward change reduction after the second writing task may have created optimal conditions for the subsequent decrease in rumination and distress. Future studies should replicate this finding and dismantle the components that are more adequate in changing these variables.
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Wolters F, van Middendorp H, van den Bergh O, Biermasz NR, Meijer OC, Evers AWM. Conditioning of the Cortisol Awakening Response in Healthy Males: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Controlled Trial (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022. [DOI: 10.2196/38087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Xu Y, Shao J, Zeng W, Wu X, Huang D, Zeng Y, Wu J. Depression and Creativity During COVID-19: Psychological Resilience as a Mediator and Deliberate Rumination as a Moderator. Front Psychol 2021; 12:665961. [PMID: 34025527 PMCID: PMC8134673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has had a significant impact on people’s lives, has apparently increased the incidence of depression. Although the topic of how depression affects creativity is contested, previous research has revealed a significant relationship between the two. The purpose of this study is to further investigate the relationship and the mechanisms that operate between depression and creativity. Methods: A total of 881 students at an independent college in China completed a questionnaire consisting of the Self-Reported Depression Scale, Runco Ideational Behavior Scale, Psychological Resilience Scale, Deliberate Rumination Scale and demographic information. Among the respondents, 317 (36.0%) were male and 564 (64.0%) were female, all of whom were from the same grade. Correlation analyses were conducted, and then the researchers carried out mediation analysis and developed a moderated mediation model. Results: The results indicated that (a) depression was positively related to creativity (r = 0.085, p < 0.05); (b) psychological resilience mediated the relationship between depression and creativity; specifically, psychological resilience was negatively related to depression (r = −0.462, p < 0.01), which in turn was positively related to creativity (r = 0.198, p < 0.01); and (c) deliberate rumination moderated the relationship between depression and psychological resilience, showing a significant negative correlation with depression (r = 0.138, p < 0.01), psychological resilience (r = 0.078, p < 0.05), and creativity (r = 0.288, p < 0.05); specifically, higher levels of deliberate rumination strengthened the negative correlation between psychological resilience and depression. Conclusion: The results suggest that depression is a positive predictor of creativity and may promote creativity to some extent. Further, individuals with greater psychological resilience are more creative than those with less psychological resilience, as it is a question of whether they can and to what extent they can effectively use depression as an emotional resource. Last, an individual’s level of deliberate rumination moderates the mediating process, especially at the stage where depression is associated with psychological resilience. These findings advance understanding of the mechanisms that operate between depression and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Xu
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Shao
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingrou Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongtao Huang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Clancy F, O'Connor DB, Prestwich A. Do Worry and Brooding Predict Health Behaviors? A Daily Diary Investigation. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:591-601. [PMID: 32424781 PMCID: PMC7497422 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses have reported associations between perseverative cognition (both worry and brooding) and increased engagement in health-risk behaviors, poorer sleep, and poorer physiological health outcomes. METHOD Using a daily diary design, this study investigated the within- and between-person relationships between state and trait perseverative cognition and health behaviors (eating behavior, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and sleep) both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Participants (n = 273, 93% students, Mage = 20.2, SD = 4.11, 93% female) completed morning and evening diaries across 7 consecutive days. RESULTS Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that, cross-sectionally, higher levels of state worry were associated with more time spent sitting and higher levels of state brooding predicted less daily walking. CONCLUSION Worry and brooding may represent useful intervention targets for improving inactivity and walking levels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Clancy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - D B O'Connor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Prestwich
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Schubert T, Eloo R, Scharfen J, Morina N. How imagining personal future scenarios influences affect: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 75:101811. [PMID: 31884148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Imagining the future is a fundamental human capacity that occupies a large part of people's waking time and impacts their affective well-being. In this meta-analysis, we examined the effect of (1) positive future imagination and (2) negative future imagination on affect, and (3) compared the affective responses between imagining the future and remembering the past; lastly, we (4) examined potential moderating variables in this regard. We identified 63 experimental studies (N = 6813) from different research areas and combined studies that applied the best possible self imagination task, future worry induction, and episodic future simulation, respectively. Findings yielded that imagining the future has a moderate to strong impact on affect, and it has a stronger influence on affect compared to remembering the past. Relevant moderator variables in each research area were also identified. We discuss the findings for the field of psychology in general and clinical psychology in particular. More elaborate research on personal future imagination seems crucial for the further advancement of clinical applications for mental health complaints. We conclude with recommendations for future research on the impact of future imagination on affective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Schubert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Renée Eloo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Scharfen
- Department of Statistics and Methods, Institute of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nexhmedin Morina
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Zawadzki MJ, Boals A, Mathews N, Schuler K, Southard-Dobbs S, Smyth JM. The relationship between perseverative cognitions and mental health and physical health complaints among college students. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1475878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriel Boals
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
| | - Nick Mathews
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
| | - Keke Schuler
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
| | - Shana Southard-Dobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas
- Department of Psychological Science, Lander University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Joshua M. Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminative negative thinking has typically been considered as a factor maintaining common emotional disorders and has recently been shown to maintain persecutory delusions in psychosis. The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) (Ehring et al., 2011) is a transdiagnostic measure of ruminative negative thinking that shows promise as a "content-free" measure of ruminative negative thinking. AIMS The PTQ has not previously been studied in a psychosis patient group. In this study we report for the first time on the psychometric properties of Ehring et al.'s PTQ in such a group. METHOD The PTQ was completed by 142 patients with current persecutory delusions and 273 non-clinical participants. Participants also completed measures of worry and paranoia. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the clinical group's PTQ responses to assess the factor structure of the measure. Differences between groups were used to assess criterion reliability. RESULTS A three lower-order factor structure of the PTQ (core characteristics of ruminative negative thinking, perceived unproductiveness, and capturing mental capacity) was replicated in the clinical sample. Patients with persecutory delusions were shown to experience significantly higher levels of ruminative negative thinking on the PTQ than the general population sample. The PTQ demonstrated high internal reliability. CONCLUSIONS This study did not include test-retest data, and did not compare the PTQ against a measure of depressive rumination but, nevertheless, lends support for the validity of the PTQ as a measure of negative ruminative thinking in patients with psychosis.
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Zawadzki MJ. Rumination is independently associated with poor psychological health: Comparing emotion regulation strategies. Psychol Health 2015; 30:1146-63. [PMID: 25748334 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2015.1026904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion regulation (ER) strategies are related to psychological health, with most work examining reappraisal and suppression. Yet, emerging findings suggest that rumination may have stronger relationships with psychological health, namely depression, than other ER strategies. This paper replicated and extended this work by testing whether rumination was independently associated with a range of poor psychological health risk indicators and outcomes. In addition, it explored whether the reason why rumination is so deleterious to health is because it underlies the stress-health relationship. DESIGN Participants (n = 218) completed measures online. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Surveys assessed ER strategies (reappraisal, suppression, proactive coping, emotion support seeking, and rumination), health risk indicators (hostility, optimism, self-esteem), health outcomes (depression, poor sleep quality, anxiety) and perceived chronic stress. RESULTS Multivariate regression analyses revealed rumination as the only ER strategy with a consistent independent effect on all the health risk indicators and outcomes. Bootstrapping analyses revealed indirect effects of perceived chronic stress on all the health variables via rumination. CONCLUSION Rumination had a deleterious relationship with psychological health, perhaps because rumination underlies the relationship between stress and psychological health. Results have implications for interventions, particularly emphasizing the need to target ruminative thinking after stressful experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Zawadzki
- a Psychological Sciences , University of California, Merced , Merced , CA , USA
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Sun H, Tan Q, Fan G, Tsui Q. Different effects of rumination on depression: key role of hope. Int J Ment Health Syst 2014; 8:53. [PMID: 25926875 PMCID: PMC4414423 DOI: 10.1186/1752-4458-8-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both rumination and hope have significant impacts on depression. However, few studies concern their trilateral relationship. This study examined the moderator effect of hope on the relationship between rumination on depression in Chinese university students. METHODS 517 college students completed the measures of rumination, hope and depression. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analysis showed that hope moderated the association between rumination and depression. When students reported a low level of hope, those with high rumination reported higher scores in depression than those with low rumination. However, in high hope group, the effect of rumination on depression became not significant. CONCLUSIONS Hope can significantly moderate the effect of rumination on depression. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- />School of Law, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyi Tan
- />Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China, Southwest Universitiy, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanhua Fan
- />Lab of Human Resource Assessment and Development, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qien Tsui
- />Educational Research Center of Western Guangdong Province, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
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