The aetiology of mandibular fractures at an urban centre

Incidence and Pattern of Mandible Fractures in the Madinah Region: A Retrospective Study

Objectives

The objective of the study is to study the incidence and pattern of mandible fractures in the holy city of Madinah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a retrospective period of 3 years from 2013 (1434H) to 2016 (1436H) and to compare the results with those from other regions of Saudi Arabia and elsewhere.

Materials and Methods

Relevant data of patients admitted to the King Fahad Hospital, Madinah with a fracture of the mandible during the study were collected from their medical records and radiographs. The age, gender, etiology, role of the patient, site, and number of fractures in the patients were evaluated. The data were analyzed by standard statistical methods.

Results

A total of 197 patients with fracture of the mandible were admitted in the period of the study by the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah. There were 165 male and 32 female patients. The ages ranged from 3 to 86 years with a mean of 24 years. A total of 260 fractures of Mandible were documented. The largest number (113) of patients was found in the age group between 16 and 30 years. Trauma caused by motor vehicle road traffic accidents (RTAs) was the main etiology of the fractures followed by falls and assault. The majority of the patients were in the role of vehicle drivers. The condylar anatomical site of mandible was most frequently affected and constituted the largest number (103) of fractures followed by the angle (51), parasymphysis (45), and then by the body (23) of the mandible. Dentoalveolar fractures were present in 22 cases. Very less number of coronoid fractures (7), followed by those of the ramus (5), and least number at the symphysis (4) of the mandible were found.

Conclusion

RTA was the most common etiology for trauma and fracture of the mandible. The males outnumbered the female patients, the largest number of patients with trauma and mandible fracture was found in the age group between 16 and 30 years and frequency of condylar fractures was higher.

Mandibular fractures at veer chandra singh garhwali government medical science and research institute, garhwal region, uttarakhand, India: a retrospective study

Background:

Mandibular fractures constitute a substantial proportion of cases of maxillofacial trauma. Demographic data related to mandibular fractures are difficult to evaluate because of many variables associated with the studies. The information is as diverse as the countries and the people who inhabit them.

Aim:

This is a retrospective study designed to determine the site distribution, associated fracture and causes of mandibular fractures in patients presenting to the trauma centre of Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Medical Science and Research Institute, Uttarakhand, India.

Materials and Methods:

Records of 121 patients with confirmed mandibular fractures presenting over a three year period (i.e., 1^st January 2008 to 31^st December 2010). Data obtained from record included age, sex, site of fracture and causes.

Results:

There were 48/121 (39.6%) males and 73/121 (60.3%) females. The most predominant age group of fracture was found to be 21-30 (53/121-43.8%) followed by 11-20 (25/121-20.6%). In this study history of fall was the most common cause of mandibular fracture (66/121-54.5%), followed by road traffic accidents (45/121-37.1%), fights and assault (08/121-6.6%) and industrial accidents (02/121-1.6%). In our study most of the patients suffered from fracture in the parasymphysis (35/139-25.1%) and angle region (32/139-23.0%) followed by body (30/139-21.5%), condyle (21/139-15.1%), symphysis (19/139-13.7%), and ramus (02/121-1.4%) area.

Conclusion:

In this study mandibular fractures were more prevalent in females especially during the second and third decade of life. History of fall was the most predominant cause of mandibular fracture. The most frequently affected sites were parasymphysis and angle.

Mandibular fractures associated with domestic violence in calabar, Nigeria

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of mandibular fractures associated with domestic violence.

METHODS

This prospective study was carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) in the Accident and Emergency Centre and Dental and Maxillofacial Clinic between the calendar years of 2005 and 2008 (four years). Only consecutive Dental and Maxillofacial injury cases that sustained mandibular fracture by domestic violence were included in the data collection.

RESULTS

The ages of patients ranged from 15-42 years with a mean of 30±3.2 years. Majority of the patients were in the second, third and fourth decades of life. There were 52(71.2%) males and 21(28.8%) females with a male- to- female ratio of 2.5:1. There was significant association between social class and type of fracture sustained (χ2 = 14.0, p= 0.0073). Patients in the lower social class were more likely to sustain multiple fractures. The mechanisms of injury were by punching with the fist 41(56.2%), use of weapons 27(37.0%) and kicking with legs 5(6.8%). Majority of the fractures occurred at the angle, 52(31.3%) and condyles, 45(27.1%). All the patients were treated by closed reduction technique. The complications recorded were delayed union, 5(38.4%), infection, 3(23.1%), paraesthesia / anaesthesia of the lower lip, 3(23.1%) and malunion, 2(15.4%).

CONCLUSION

Mandibular fractures due to domestic violence do occur and constitute part of the cases to be encountered by the practising oral and maxillofacial surgeon who should be cognizant to its surgical and social implication.

Estudo epidemiológico das fraturas mandibulares em hospital público da cidade de São Paulo

OBJETIVO: Analisar a frequência epidemiológica de fraturas mandibulares correlacionando gênero, faixa etária, fatores etiológicos, localização anatômica, e tipos de traços de fratura. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo nos prontuários de 883 pacientes portadores de fraturas faciais, atendidos no Pronto Socorro do Hospital Geral de Vila Penteado, pelo Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco Maxilo Facial (São Paulo - Brasil), num período de três anos (janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2006). RESULTADOS: Dos 883 pacientes avaliados, 270 apresentaram fraturas mandibulares (30,5 %). O gênero masculino foi o mais acometido (76,7%) na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (33,0%), o fator etiológico de maior freqüência foi acidente com veículos automotores (35,2%), o corpo da mandíbula foi a localização anatômica mais atingida (47,4%) e os traços únicos prevaleceram (76,7%). CONCLUSÃO: As fraturas, em sua maioria, foram simples (traço único), localizadas em corpo mandibular, e destacadas no sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, além do que o fator etiológico mais comum foi acidente com veículos automotores.

Differences in the etiology of mandibular fractures in Kuwait, Canada, and Finland

We studied causes of mandibular fractures treated in oral and maxillofacial units in three countries in years 1990-2000 in Kuwait (n=596), 1995-2000 in Canada (n=228), and 1990-99 in Finland (n=268). Of the Finnish patients, 27% were women. Corresponding percentages in Kuwait and Canada were 13 and 17%, respectively. Traffic crashes were the cause of injury in 55% of the cases in Kuwait and 33% in Oulu, but only 7% in Toronto. In Kuwait, the victims were often young people, which is why more traffic education, more control of speed, and more control of the use of safety belts should be implemented. Assault was the cause in 54% in Toronto, 12% in Kuwait, and 37% in Oulu. Falling was the cause in 22% of the cases in Kuwait. Alcohol was implicated in 21% of cases in Canada and 15% in Finland.

Mandibular fracture patterns in Tasmania, Australia

BACKGROUND

No previous studies on mandibular fracture patterns in Tasmania, and very few elsewhere in Australia, have undertaken to discover which identified age, gender, aetiology, anatomical location of the fracture, period of injury, whether alcohol consumption was associated with the injury, and treatment of mandibular fractures.

METHOD

A retrospective study was undertaken of 251 patients with fractured mandibles presenting to the Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania from 1993-1999. Data were obtained from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery unit fracture record books cross-checked with patients, impatient/outpatient hospital records.

RESULTS

The male to female ratio was 4.5:1, with mandibular fractures most common in the male age group of 21-30 years. Assaults (55 per cent of all patients) were the major cause of fractures. Males accounted for 85.5 per cent of assaults, with punching being the most common method, followed by motor vehicle accidents (MVA), 18.3 per cent and sport, 16.7 per cent. In sport, Australian Rules Football was the most common cause, accounting for 45.2 per cent of sporting injuries. The site most frequently fractured was the angle of the mandible. Alcohol abuse was seen in 41.4 per cent of the patients with 84.6 per cent being male. Open reduction and internal fixation with miniplate osteosynthesis, was the preferred treatment modality. The results are compared with other series.

CONCLUSIONS

Mandibular fractures are common in Tasmania, with the highest rates involved in assaults and sport (especially Australian Rules Football) and a low rate in MVA. These fractures commonly occurred in young males in which assaults, alcohol and social issues were associated. Therefore, preventive measures and strong public awareness addressing this group may be of benefit in reducing the rate of assaults and sporting injuries to the mandible.