1
|
Lasrado R, Baker S, Zubair M, Kaiser P, Lasrado VJ, Rizzo M, Govia I, Edge D. Exploring Dementia Care Systems Across the African Caribbean Diaspora: A Scoping Review and Consultation Exercise. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:e209-e227. [PMID: 32301487 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding the influences of marginalized cultural and social identities as experienced by the African Caribbean diaspora within the context of dementia care is essential to minimize the gaps in current practice and policy in the health care setting. This study explores the impact of marginalized identities upon the meaning-making process, access to services and experience of care provisions through a scoping review and consultancy exercises with key stakeholders. RESEARCH DESIGN Fourteen databases were searched using key terms. Primary studies in English, any year, study design, and country of origin were eligible. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened for inclusion and data were extracted in stages. Thematic analysis was performed and the findings were discussed in a series of consultation meetings with people with dementia, carers, and health care professionals in Manchester (United Kingdom) and Jamaica. RESULTS The scoping review retrieved n = 1,989 research articles. Nineteen were included, most were qualitative (n = 14), 3 quantitative, and 2 mixed-method. The findings revealed limited insight into cultural and multiple individual identities in explaining conceptualization and service access. Consultation meetings confirmed these findings and highlighted differences in health care services and systems in the United Kingdom and Jamaica. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study suggests there is a complex interaction of sociocultural processes that marginalize African Caribbean persons in and across various national settings within the context of dementia care. The study highlights the importance of acknowledging and addressing how prevalent racialized- and class-based divides and related marginalized social locations are reflected in inequities in access to and use of dementia services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Lasrado
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sophie Baker
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Wales, UK
| | - Maria Zubair
- Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Polly Kaiser
- Life Story Network CIC, Bolton, UK.,Pennine Care NHS foundation trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK
| | | | | | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica
| | - Dawn Edge
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kafadar AH, Barrett C, Cheung KL. Knowledge and perceptions of Alzheimer's disease in three ethnic groups of younger adults in the United Kingdom. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1124. [PMID: 34118921 PMCID: PMC8196265 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global public health problem with an ageing population. Knowledge is essential to promote early awareness, diagnosis and treatment of AD symptoms. AD knowledge is influenced by many cultural factors including cultural beliefs, attitudes and language barriers. This study aims: (1) to define AD knowledge level and perceptions amongst adults between 18 and 49 years of age in the UK; (2) to compare knowledge and perceptions of AD among three main ethnic groups (Asian, Blacks, and Whites); and (3) to assess potential associations of age, gender, education level, affinity with older people (65 or over), family history and caregiving history with AD knowledge. METHODS Data was collected from 186 participants as a convenience sample of younger adults of three different ethnicities (16.1% Asian, 16.7% Black, 67.2% White), living in the UK, recruited via an online research platform. The majority of the participants were in the 18-34 years age group (87.6%). Demographic characteristics of participants and AD knowledge correlation were assessed by the 30-item Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS), comprising 7 content domains. ANOVA/ANCOVA were used to assess differences in AD knowledge by ethnicity, gender, education level, age and affinity with dementia and Alzheimer's patients. RESULTS For AD general knowledge across all respondents only 45.0% answers were correct. No significant differences were found for the total ADKS score between ethnicities in this younger age group, who did not differ in education level. However, there were significant knowledge differences for the ADKS symptom domain score even after controlling for other demographics variables such as gender, education level (p = 0.005). White respondents were more likely to know about AD symptoms than their Black counterparts (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION The study's findings suggest that the AD knowledge level is not adequate for all ethnic groups. Meanwhile, significant differences were observed in symptoms, between ethnic groups, and therefore, differ in their needs regards health communication. The study contributes to an understanding of ethnicity differences in AD knowledge amongst adults from 18 to 49 years of age in the UK and may also provide input into an intervention plan for different ethnicities' information needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Barrett
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Kei Long Cheung
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wiese LK, Williams CL, Hain D, Newman D, Houston CP, Kaack C, Galvin JE. Detecting dementia among older, ethnically diverse residents of rural subsidized housing. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:524-532. [PMID: 33039199 PMCID: PMC8024416 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rural, ethnically diverse residents face at least twice the risk of Alzheimer's disease than urban residents. Chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension which increase dementia risk are more prevalent in rural areas with less access to specialty providers. A home-based approach for increasing dementia detection and treatment rates was tested among rural residents of government-assisted independent living facilities (N = 139; 78% non-White, and 70% with health literacy below 5th grade). Of 28 residents identified at risk during cognitive screening, 25 agreed to further in-depth assessment by adult gerontological nurse practitioners (AGNP). Fifteen of 25 (60%) completing consequent primary provider referrals were diagnosed with dementia and receiving new care (statistically significant; [χ2(1) = 76.67, p < .001, Phi = 0.743]). Home-based dementia management through a community engagement approach can help to meet the Healthy People 2030 goals of earlier detection and treatment and reduce the length of costly institutionalizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kirk Wiese
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
| | - Christine L Williams
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
| | - Debra Hain
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
| | - David Newman
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
| | - Christina P Houston
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.
| | - Carolina Kaack
- Louis and Anne Green Memory & Wellness Center, 777 Glades Road, Bldg AZ-79, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - James E Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 5250 University Drive, Coral Gables, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azar M, Zhu C, DeFeis B, Gu Y, Ornstein K, Lawless S, Cosentino S. Increased Reporting Accuracy of Alzheimer Disease Symptoms in Caribbean Hispanic Informants. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2017; 31:328-334. [PMID: 28557843 PMCID: PMC5699953 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Informant report of symptoms is essential for diagnosing and characterizing Alzheimer disease (AD). Differences in the perception and experience of dementia across ethnicities may influence informant report. Understanding such differences is critical given that among those with AD, Hispanics are disproportionately affected. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses examined informant report of cognitive and functional symptoms in mild AD across white (n=107) and Caribbean Hispanic (n=71) informants. To explore its accuracy, informant report of symptoms was compared against objective measures of patient performance. RESULTS Adjusted analyses revealed Hispanics reported more symptoms than white informants. Informant report of symptoms was inversely correlated with patients' global cognition in both ethnic groups. Only Hispanic report of symptoms was significantly associated with memory and language performance. DISCUSSION Informant report of symptoms was associated with patients' global cognition, reflecting relatively accurate informant reports in both ethnic groups, and was stronger in Hispanics when examining memory and language. Such differences may reflect cultural caregiving practices and perceptions of dementia, having implications for diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Azar
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Carolyn Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
| | - Brittany DeFeis
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Yian Gu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Katherine Ornstein
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY
| | - Siobhan Lawless
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wiese LK, Williams CL, Tappen R, Newman D, Rosselli M. Assessment of Basic Knowledge About Alzheimer’s Disease Among Older Rural Residents: A Pilot Test of a New Measure. J Nurs Meas 2017; 25:519-548. [DOI: 10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Underserved rural populations face a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet studies investigating AD knowledge in this population are lacking. The purpose of this research was to develop an AD basic knowledge measure that is appropriate for use with underserved populations. Method: A content domain map, content validity index, and cognitive interviews were used in developing the first version of the basic knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease (BKAD; Study 1). Reliability and validity of the measure in this descriptive study were examined using Rasch modeling and tests for construct, concurrent, and discriminate validity (Study 2). Multiple regression was employed to examine AD knowledge predictors. Results: Findings included that the BKAD instrument discriminated well between persons with varied education levels. Psychometric analysis yielded important information to guide revision of the BKAD measure. Conclusion: The BKAD measure shows promise in meeting the need for a culturally relevant measure to assess basic Alzheimer’s disease knowledge in underserved rural populations.
Collapse
|
6
|
Santoro MS, Van Liew C, Holloway B, McKinnon S, Little T, Cronan TA. Honor Thy Parents: An Ethnic Multigroup Analysis of Filial Responsibility, Health Perceptions, and Caregiving Decisions. Res Aging 2015; 38:665-88. [PMID: 26282571 DOI: 10.1177/0164027515598349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores patterns of parity and disparity in the effect of filial responsibility on health-related evaluations and caregiving decisions. Participants who identified as White, Black, Hispanic, or Asian/Pacific Islander read a vignette about an older man needing medical care. They were asked to imagine that they were the man's son and answer questions regarding their likelihood of hiring a health care advocate (HCA) for services related to the father's care. A multigroup (ethnicity) path analysis was performed, and an intercept invariant multigroup model fits the data best. Direct and indirect effect estimation showed that filial responsibility mediated the relationship between both the perceived severity of the father's medical condition and the perceived need for medical assistance and the likelihood of hiring an HCA only for White and Hispanic participants, albeit differently. The findings demonstrate that culture and ethnicity affect health evaluations and caregiving decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya S Santoro
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles Van Liew
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Breanna Holloway
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Symone McKinnon
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Little
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Terry A Cronan
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) research faces challenges to successful enrollment, especially to clinical trials and biomarker studies. Failure to recruit the planned number of participants in a timely manner threatens the internal validity and success of clinical research, raising concerns about external validity and generalizability of results, and possibly leading to disparities in disease treatment. Methods to improve recruitment exist, but require varying levels of staff effort and financial resources, and evidence of effectiveness is often lacking or inconsistent. In this review, we summarize some of the available methods to improve AD research recruitment, the available literature to support or refute these strategies, and some of the experiences at the authors' AD Research Centers. We discuss the use of community-based participatory research principles and participant registries as a means to enhance research enrollment and increase diversity of research samples.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ayalon L. Re-examining ethnic differences in concerns, knowledge, and beliefs about Alzheimer's disease: results from a national sample. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 28:1288-95. [PMID: 23559458 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate ethnic group differences in concerns, knowledge, and beliefs about Alzheimer's disease (AD) in three ethnic groups of older adults (White, Latino, and Black). METHODS The Health and Retirement Study is a US national representative study of older adults over the age of 50 years and their spouse of any age. The study is based on the 2010 wave. RESULTS Analysis is based on data from 939 White, 120 Latino, and 171 Black respondents who completed a special module about AD concerns, knowledge, and beliefs. There were significant ethnic differences on 7 of 13 items. However, after the adjustment for education, gender, age, having a family member with AD, depressive symptoms, and medical comorbidity, only four items showed significant ethnic group differences; relative to White respondents, Black respondents were less likely to report that having a parent or a sibling with AD increases the chance of developing AD and that genetics was an important risk for AD. In addition, relative to White respondents, both Black and Latino respondents were more likely to perceive stress as a potential risk for AD. Latino respondents were less likely to perceive mental activity as a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS The study found limited ethnic group differences, with most items showing a similar pattern across groups. Nevertheless, the nature of the ethnic group differences found might be associated with a differential pattern of health service use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ayalon
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|