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Hu X, Que H. Vibrio vulnificus infection from insect bites in Shanghai: a case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1419074. [PMID: 38933117 PMCID: PMC11199683 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1419074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with Vibrio vulnificus is associated with high rates of amputation and mortality. Alterations in the global climate have heightened the risk of atypical infections caused by this pathogen. Case presentation In the case report we describe, a 75-year-old man residing in a coastal city contracted Vibrio vulnificus secondary to an insect bite. Discussion and conclusion This case underscores the importance for clinicians of recognizing that early administration of appropriate antibiotics in patients with non-traditional routes of Vibrio vulnificus infection can significantly reduce rates of amputation and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Longhua Clinical Medical College of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafa Que
- Department of Traditional Chinese Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Longhua Clinical Medical College of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen T, Wang J, Peng S, Li L, An C, Li J, He W. Vibrio vulnificus infection from tilapia sting wounds in an inland city: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28012. [PMID: 38533013 PMCID: PMC10963329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogen that can cause serious and fatal infections, primarily associated with a history of contact with the sea or aquatic organisms or products. However, with global climate change and increased global seafood trade, V. vulnificus infections are also occurring in non-coastal areas. In this report, we present the successful diagnosis and treatment of a case of necrotizing wound caused by V. vulnificus infection in an inland city in southwest China. In addition, we review the epidemiology and distribution of V. vulnificus in China and related vaccine research, which may provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of V. vulnificus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigui Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Shijie Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Lianbao Li
- Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
| | - Changxue An
- Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Jun Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Wei He
- Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
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Wu Q, Wu Y, Zhang T, Wu F, Zhang Y, Lu R. Vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a hospitalized patient with hepatitis B virus-associated cirrhosis: A case report. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18905. [PMID: 37600364 PMCID: PMC10432701 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is usually transmitted by consumption of raw or undercooked seafood or exposure to seawater and can causes gastroenteritis, wound infection, and even sepsis. However, atypical or unclear sources of V. vulnificus infection have been reported. Here, we report a case of V. vulnificus infection presenting as septicemia in a 53-year-old man with hepatitis B virus-associated cirrhosis. The source of infection remained unclear as the patient reported no consumption of seafood or contact with seawater. Treatment with antibiotics was initiated prior to confirmation of V. vulnificus infection. This report provides an important reference for the diagnosis and treatment of V. vulnificus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
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Chung HY, Bian Y, Lim KM, Kim BS, Choi SH. MARTX toxin of Vibrio vulnificus induces RBC phosphatidylserine exposure that can contribute to thrombosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4846. [PMID: 35978022 PMCID: PMC9385741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
V. vulnificus-infected patients suffer from hemolytic anemia and circulatory lesions, often accompanied by venous thrombosis. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of venous thrombosis associated with V. vulnificus infection remains largely unknown. Herein, V. vulnificus infection at the sub-hemolytic level induced shape change of human red blood cells (RBCs) accompanied by phosphatidylserine exposure, and microvesicle generation, leading to the procoagulant activation of RBCs and ultimately, acquisition of prothrombotic activity. Of note, V. vulnificus exposed to RBCs substantially upregulated the rtxA gene encoding multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin. Mutant studies showed that V. vulnificus-induced RBC procoagulant activity was due to the pore forming region of the MARTX toxin causing intracellular Ca2+ influx in RBCs. In a rat venous thrombosis model triggered by tissue factor and stasis, the V. vulnificus wild type increased thrombosis while the ΔrtxA mutant failed to increase thrombosis, confirming that V. vulnificus induces thrombosis through the procoagulant activation of RBCs via the mediation of the MARTX toxin. The pathophysiological mechanism of venous thrombosis associated with Vibrio vulnificus infection remains largely unknown. In this work, the authors investigate this association, focusing on effects of the pore-forming MARTX toxin of V. vulnificus on red blood cells, and the utilisation of a rat venous thrombosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Chung
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiying Bian
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Sik Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Liang JH, Liang WH, Deng YQ, Fu ZG, Deng JL, Chen YH. Vibrio vulnificus infection attributed to bee sting: a case report. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1890-1895. [PMID: 34487488 PMCID: PMC8477795 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1977589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic marine bacteria associated with high mortality. Changes in climate and the global seafood trade have increased the prevalence of marine and freshwater systems affected by V. vulnificus. As a result, the incidence of land animals, plants, and insects contacting V. vulnificus and acting as disease vectors is on the rise. We report the case of a 53-year-old male who was infected with V. vulnificus as the result of a bee sting. The patient had no history of contact with the sea or fresh water or aquatic organisms or products. Due to bacterial pathogenicity and the patient’s underlying diseases, his condition deteriorated rapidly and eventually resulted in death. Here, we review the pathogenic mechanisms and treatment of V. vulnificus. We determined that V. vulnificus has spread from seawater to freshwater and that individuals may become infected from insects, even in the absence of direct contact with infected water. This case report will inform clinicians about the possible sources of V. vulnificus infection and indicates the possibility that more insects may transmit V. vulnificus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Heng Liang
- The Seventh People's Hospital of Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Huan Liang
- The Seventh People's Hospital of Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Qi Deng
- The Seventh People's Hospital of Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Fu
- The Seventh People's Hospital of Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Deng
- The Seventh People's Hospital of Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hua Chen
- The Seventh People's Hospital of Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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