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Iskander R, Moyer H, Vigneault K, Mahmud SM, Kimmelman J. Survival Benefit Associated With Participation in Clinical Trials of Anticancer Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2024; 331:2105-2113. [PMID: 38767595 PMCID: PMC11106715 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.6281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Importance Many cancer clinical investigators view clinical trials as offering better care for patients than routine clinical care. However, definitive evidence of clinical benefit from trial participation (hereafter referred to as the participation effect) has yet to emerge. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence examining whether patient participation in cancer trials was associated with greater survival benefit compared with routine care. Data Sources Studies were found through PubMed and Embase (January 1, 2000, until August 31, 2022), as well as backward and forward citation searching. Study Selection Studies were included that compared overall survival of trial participants and routine care patients. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were completed by 2 independent coders using Covidence software. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and analyzed based on the quality of the comparison between trial participants and routine care patients (ie, extent to which studies controlled for bias and confounders). Main Outcomes and Measures The hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival of trial participants vs routine care patients. Results Thirty-nine publications were included, comprising 85 comparisons of trial participants and routine care patients. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant overall survival benefit for trial participants (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69-0.82]) when all studies were pooled, regardless of design or quality. However, survival benefits diminished in study subsets that matched trial participants and routine care patients for eligibility criteria (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75-0.97]) and disappeared when only high-quality studies were pooled (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.80-1.05]). They also disappeared when estimates were adjusted for potential publication bias (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.86-1.03]). Conclusions and Relevance Many studies suggest a survival benefit for cancer trial participants. However, these benefits were not detected in studies using designs addressing important sources of bias and confounding. Pooled results of high-quality studies are not consistent with a beneficial effect of trial participation on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Iskander
- Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hannah Moyer
- Department of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karine Vigneault
- Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Salaheddin M. Mahmud
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jonathan Kimmelman
- Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Johnson EA, Hill G, Smith HA, Marsh L, Beer K. A global pilot comparative, cross-sectional study of clinical research nurses/research midwives: Definition, knowledge base, and communication skills related to the conduct of decentralized clinical trials. J Clin Transl Sci 2024; 8:e90. [PMID: 38836247 PMCID: PMC11148821 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A gap in the literature exists pertaining to a global research nurse/research midwife resources and communication skill set necessary to engage with participants of diverse populations and geographic regions in the community or home-based conduct of decentralized clinical trials. Aims An embedded mixed methods study was conducted to examine research nurse/research midwife knowledge base, experiences, and communication skill sets pertaining to decentralized trials across global regions engaged in remote research: the USA, Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom, and Australia. Methods An online survey was deployed across international research nurse/research midwife stakeholder groups, collecting demographics, decentralized trial experience, barriers and facilitators to optimal trial conduct, and the self-perceived communication competence (SPCC) and interpersonal communication competence (IPCC) instruments. Results 86 research nurses and research midwives completed the survey across all countries: The SPCC and IPCC results indicated increased clinical research experience significantly correlated with increased SPCC score (p < 0.05). Qualitative content analysis revealed five themes: (1) Implications for Role, (2) Safety and Wellbeing, (3) Training and Education, (4) Implications for Participants, and (5) Barriers and Facilitators. Conclusions Common trends and observations across the global sample can inform decentralized trial resource allocation and policy pertaining to the research nurse/research midwife workforce. This study demonstrates shared cultural norms of research nursing and midwifery across varied regional clinical trial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Johnson
- Mark & Robyn Jones College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Gordon Hill
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, SD, UK
| | - Hazel Ann Smith
- School of Health, Science, and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - Lisa Marsh
- Buntain College of Nursing, Northwest University, Kirkland, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Beer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Backman Lönn B, Hornsten Å, Styrke J, Hajdarevic S. Clinical research nurses perceive their role as being like the hub of a wheel without real power: Empirical qualitative research. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2183. [PMID: 38805659 PMCID: PMC11132672 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore the experiences of being a clinical research nurse (CRN), in Sweden. DESIGN A qualitative study analysing individual interview data. METHODS Interviews with 10 participants were conducted in April 2017 and repeated with five participants in May 2022. A semi-structured interview guide was used to cover topics such as experiences of working in a new role and professional challenges related to the role. The transcribed interviews were analysed inductively using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The main theme revealed that the CRNs experienced their work role as being like a hub in a wheel, using an ethical compass, but without real power. The six themes identified showed that CRNs worked independently and relied on clinical experiences as nurses but needed more education. They not only had a sense of duty but also too large responsibilities. Furthermore, they viewed their work as valuable and important. However, they needed an accentuated ethical compass and were also affected by power relations that negatively impacted work. CONCLUSION Working as a CRN means being in a central position and working independently, which requires diverse skills and competencies. CRNs, however, face and manage complex ethical and practical challenges without real power. They experience huge responsibilities but need education and acknowledgement, indicating a need for improvement. This is an important message to stakeholders and managers about the necessity of taking adequate action to support CRNs who are crucial resources in clinical research. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Backman Lönn
- Department of NursingUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Research & Development, Region VästernorrlandSundsvall HospitalSundsvallSweden
| | | | - Johan Styrke
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and AndrologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Senada Hajdarevic
- Department of NursingUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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Godskesen T, Björk J, Juth N. Challenges regarding informed consent in recruitment to clinical research: a qualitative study of clinical research nurses' experiences. Trials 2023; 24:801. [PMID: 38082434 PMCID: PMC10712041 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical research nurses (CRNs) have first-hand experience with ethical challenges and play a crucial role in upholding ethical conduct and adherence to the principles of informed consent in clinical research. This study explores the ethical challenges encountered by CRNs in the process of obtaining informed consent for clinical research. METHODS A qualitative exploratory design. Semistructured interviews (n = 14) were conducted with diverse CRNs in Sweden. These CRNs covered a wide range of research fields, including pharmaceutical and academic studies, interventions, and observational research, spanning different trial phases, patient categories, and medical conditions. The interviews were analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The analysis identified three main categories: (i) threats to voluntariness, (ii) measures to safeguard voluntariness, and (iii) questionable exclusion of certain groups. CRNs face challenges due to time constraints, rushed decisions, information overload, and excessive reliance on physicians' recommendations. Overestimating therapeutic benefits in stages of advanced illness emerged as a risk to voluntariness. CRNs outlined proactive solutions, such as allowing ample decision-making time and offering support, especially for terminally ill patients. Concerns were also voiced about excluding certain demographics, such as those with language barriers or cognitive impairments. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, upholding ethical research standards requires recognising various factors affecting patient voluntariness. Researchers and CRNs should prioritise refining the informed consent process, overcoming participation challenges, and aligning scientific rigour with personalised care. Additionally, a concerted effort is vital to meet the diverse needs of patient populations, including equitable inclusion of individuals with language barriers or cognitive limitations in clinical studies. These findings have significant implications for enhancing the ethics of clinical research and advancing person-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Godskesen
- Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Joar Björk
- Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stockholm Centre for Healthcare Ethics (CHE), LIME, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Niklas Juth
- Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stockholm Centre for Healthcare Ethics (CHE), LIME, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Johnson EA, Rainbow JG, Carrington JM. Clinical Nurses' Identification of a Wearable Universal Serial Bus Used for Pediatric Oncology Clinical Trial Participant Safety Management. Comput Inform Nurs 2023; 41:687-697. [PMID: 36716099 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The expanded access to clinical trials has provided more patients the opportunity to participate in novel therapeutics research. There is an increased likelihood of a patient, as a pediatric oncology clinical trial participant, to present for clinical care outside the research site, such as at an emergency room or urgent care center. A novel wearable universal serial bus device is a proposed technology to bridge potential communication gaps, pertaining to critical information such as side effects and permitted therapies, between research teams and clinical teams where investigational agents may be contraindicated to standard treatments. Fifty-five emergency and urgent care nurses across the United States were presented, via online survey without priming to the context of clinical trials or the device, a picture of a pediatric patient wearing the novel wearable device prompted to identify significant, environmental cues important for patient care. Of the 40 nurses observing the patient photo, three identified the wearable device within Situational Awareness Global Assessment Tool formatted narrative response fields. Analysis of the narrative nurse-participant responses of significant clinical findings upon initial assessment of the pediatric patient photo is described, as well as the implications for subsequent prototyping of the novel universal serial bus prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Johnson
- Author Affiliations: Montana State University College of Nursing (Dr Johnson), Bozeman; The University of Arizona College of Nursing (Dr Rainbow), Tucson; and University of Florida (Dr Carrington), Gainesville
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Johnson E, Rainbow J. Exploration of Lived Experiences and Measurement of Burnout Among US Clinical Research Nurses. J Nurs Adm 2023; 53:251-258. [PMID: 37098864 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to explore the experiences of US clinical research nurses supporting the conduct of clinical trials before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess dimensions of burnout among these nurses using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. BACKGROUND Clinical research nurses are a subspecialty of nursing that supports clinical trial conduct. Postpandemic clinical research nurse well-being, including indicators of burnout, has not been established. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study via online survey was conducted. RESULTS A sample of US clinical research nurses scored overall high for the Maslach category of Emotional Exhaustion, moderate for Depersonalization, and moderate for Personal Achievement. Themes included together or apart, rewarding but challenging, and surviving or thriving. CONCLUSION Supportive measures such as workplace appreciation and consistent change communication may benefit clinical research nurse well-being and reduce burnout during times of unpredicted crisis and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Johnson
- Author Affiliations : Assistant Professor (Dr Johnson), Mark & Robyn Jones College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman; and Assistant Professor (Dr Rainbow), College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson
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Johnson E, Marsh L. Clinical research nurse utilisation and role in the conduct of decentralised clinical trials: a literature review. J Res Nurs 2023; 28:214-226. [PMID: 37332317 PMCID: PMC10272696 DOI: 10.1177/17449871231162497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The decentralised clinical trial (DCT) model has been popularised given its remote or virtual design, permitting expanded participant enrolment into community settings. Clinical research nurses (CRNs) are specially trained in the management of clinical trials; however, the utilisation of the research nurse role relating to decentralised trial conduct is not well-established. Aims A literature review was conducted to describe the role of the research nurse in the conduct of DCTs and the current utilisation of this nurse specialty for decentralised trial management. Methods Use of keywords 'DCT' or 'virtual trial' and 'nursing' were used to identify full-text, peer-reviewed literature in the English language and published within the last 10 years that described the clinical research nursing role. Results Of the 102 pre-screened articles identified across five databases, 11 articles were eligible for full-text analysis. Thematic groupings of common discussion elements included Variance in Decentralised Clinical Trial Model Implementation, CRN Involvement in Decentralised Trial Conduct and Reporting and Shared Challenges of Decentralised Trial Implementation Affecting the CRN Role. Conclusions Implications of this literature review include expanded trial sponsor awareness of the support requirements to facilitate research nurse utilisation and optimal decentralised trial conduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Johnson
- Assistant Professor, Mark & Robyn Jones College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Lisa Marsh
- Adjunct Faculty, Buntain College of Nursing, Northwest University, Kirkland, WA, USA
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Johnson EA, Rainbow JG, Reed PG, Gephart SM, Carrington JM. Developing a Preclinical Nurse-Nurse Communication Framework for Clinical Trial Patient-Related Safety Information. COMPUTERS, INFORMATICS, NURSING : CIN 2022:00024665-990000000-00065. [PMID: 36730748 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trial trials have become increasingly complex in their design and implementation. Investigational safety profiles are not easily accessed by clinical nurses and providers when trial participants present for clinical care, such as in emergency or urgent care. Wearable devices are now commonly used as bridging technologies to obtain participant data and house investigational product safety information. Clinical nurse identification and communication of safety information are critical to dissuade adverse events, patient injury, and trial withdrawal, which may occur when clinical care is misaligned to a research protocol. Based on a feasibility study and follow-up wearable device prototype study, this preclinical nurse-nurse communication framework guides clinical nurse verbal and nonverbal communication of safety-related trial information to direct patient care activities in the clinical setting. Communication and information theories are incorporated with Carrington's Nurse-to-Nurse Communication Framework to encompass key components of a clinical nurse's management of a trial participant safety event when a clinical trial wearable device is encountered during initial assessment. Use of the preclinical nurse-nurse communication framework may support clinical nurse awareness of trial-related wearable devices. The framework may further emphasize the importance of engaging with research nurses, patients, and caregivers to acquire trial safety details impacting clinical care decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Johnson
- Author Affiliations: Montana State University College of Nursing, Bozeman (Dr Johnson); The University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson (Drs Rainbow, Reed, and Gephart); and University of Florida, Gainesville (Dr Carrington)
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Burnazovic-Ristic L, Todic A, Maleskic Kapo S, Kusturica J, Kulo Cesic A, Loga-Zec S, Aganovic-Musinovic I, Rakanovic-Todic M. Are We Scared of Clinical Trials if Not Sufficiently Informed and Educated? ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:1359-1366. [PMID: 36324330 PMCID: PMC9620834 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s375904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Educational interventions have already been shown to positively affect awareness of clinical trials (CTs) among medical students. We aimed to explore basic knowledge and attitudes about CTs among medical students in terms of educational interventions that should be reflected in their further involvement in performing CTs and their role in raising awareness about CTs. METHODS This cross-sectional, self-report anonymous online survey involved undergraduate medical students of the Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo enrolled in classes held within the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology in the academic year 2015-2016. To include all accessible subjects for better representation of the whole population, consecutive sampling was applied. RESULTS Among 142 students who completed questionnaire, 50% of them expressed partial or full agreement with the questionnaire statement that they were satisfied with the available information on CTs. Only 38% said they would participate in a CT, 21% would not, while 41% were not sure. Positive correlations were detected for composite subscale scores of agreement with questionnaire statements conveying the student's knowledge about ethical and legal aspects of CTs and their perception about reliability/integrity and impact of CTs on medical practice. CONCLUSION Students have knowledge of the basic design and ethical aspects of CTs. Positive attitudes toward the impact of CTs on medical practice were shown in students of higher years of study, where educational intervention of additional knowledge of CTs was inserted and those students expressed better knowledge of CTs. However, no significant impact was detected between knowledge and willingness to participate in CTs, irrespective of years of study, reflecting the third of students that would participate in CTs. Changes in medical curricula led to the change in students' knowledge and attitudes regarding CTs as well as their involvement in CTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Burnazovic-Ristic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Sanita Maleskic Kapo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasna Kusturica
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aida Kulo Cesic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Svjetlana Loga-Zec
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Maida Rakanovic-Todic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Hillersdal L, Nielsen ZE, Nørmark AT, Knoop A, Piil K. Interventions supporting cancer patients in making decisions regarding participation in clinical trials - a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1097. [PMID: 36289456 PMCID: PMC9609242 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Existing research on the perspectives of patients with cancer and health care professionals indicates that patient decision making on cancer clinical trial participation is a complex process and may be poorly understood, possibly compromising their decision to participate. This systematic review investigates interventions that support patients in their decision-making processes regarding whether to participate or not and assesses the qualities of the interventions, measures used and related outcomes. METHODS Six databases were systematically searched and only studies evaluating interventions that support the decision making of adult patients offered to enter a cancer clinical trial were included. Ten articles met the criteria and were analysed using a narrative synthesis approach. RESULTS The research focus of the included studies reflected the multifactorial nature of what constitutes support for patient decision making in terms of entering a cancer clinical trial. However, most interventions were based on the hypothesis that more information leads to support in decision making, and did not take other factors, such as the relationship to the clinical staff or relatives, the patients' strong hope for therapeutic benefit or other existential needs into account. The interventions were primarily based on a specific tool, executed once, which seems to imply that decisions need only to be supported once and not at several time points throughout the decision process, and did not assess the importance of a patient's family- or social relations. Moreover, few interventions focused on the patients' counselling experience or assessed patient preferences in relation to decision making. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate a lack of research on interventions to support patients' decision making that takes other factors, apart from improving knowledge of trials, into account. Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of decision support interventions to improve the experience of support in adult patients with cancer. Interventions that take patient preferences in relation to decision making and the social context of decision processes into account need to be developed and assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Hillersdal
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCentre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Copenhagen University College, Tagensvej 86, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zandra Engelbak Nielsen
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ane Taudorf Nørmark
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Knoop
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Piil
- grid.475435.4Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Showalter BL, Malecha A, Cesario S, Clutter P. Moral distress in clinical research nurses. Nurs Ethics 2022; 29:1697-1708. [PMID: 35730358 DOI: 10.1177/09697330221090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Clinical research nurses experience unique challenges in the context of their role that can lead to conflict and moral distress. Although examined in many areas, moral distress has not been studied in clinical research nurses.Research aim: The aim of this study was to examine moral distress in clinical research nurses and the relationship between moral distress scores and demographic characteristics of clinical research nurses.Research design: This was a descriptive quantitative study to measure moral distress in clinical research nurses using the Measure of Moral Distress - Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) administered electronically. Demographic data were also collected.Participants and research context: Registered nurses working in the clinical research nurse role (N = 322) were recruited through use of social media, emails, digital flyers, and snowball recruitment. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Pearson's correlation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were performed to explore differences among the demographic variables.Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Texas Woman's University. A consent statement was included, and completion of the questionnaire was construed as consent.Findings/results: Analysis revealed a mean overall moral distress score of 79.58 (SD = 64.27) and median of 67, with a range of 0-354. Moral distress scores were negatively correlated with clinical research nurse age (r = 0-.156, p < 0.05). Reliability of the MMD-HP was demonstrated with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.93.Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that clinical research nurses do experience moral distress and revealed a wide range of scores. Further research is necessary to determine potential patient impact due to moral distress and to develop processes to minimize moral distress in the clinical research setting. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the digital recruitment methods proved effective in recruiting a wide range of clinical research nurses, both nationally and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Showalter
- 53626University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ann Malecha
- 53626University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Cesario
- 53626University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paula Clutter
- 53626University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Challinor JM, Alqudimat MR, Teixeira TOA, Oldenmenger WH. Oncology nursing workforce: challenges, solutions, and future strategies. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:e564-e574. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Essential oncology nursing care along the cancer continuum. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:e555-e563. [PMID: 33212045 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oncology nurses are at the heart of tackling the increasing global burden of cancer. Their contribution is unique because of the scale and the diversity of care roles and responsibilities in cancer care. In this Series paper, to celebrate the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, we highlight the contribution and impact of oncology nurses along the cancer care continuum. Delivering people-centred integrated care and optimal communication are essential components of oncology nursing care, which are often played down. More oncology nurses using, doing, and leading research will further show the key nursing impact on care as part of a team. The oncology nurse influence in saving lives through prevention and early detection of cancer is noteworthy. Supportive care, the central pillar of oncology nursing, enables and empowers people to self-manage where possible. Globally, oncology nurses make a great positive difference to cancer care worldwide; their crucial contribution throughout the continuum of care warrants the inclusion and promotion of nursing in every country's cancer strategy. 2020 is the year of the nurse: let us take this learning to the future.
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Engelbak Nielsen Z, Eriksson S, Schram Harsløf LB, Petri S, Helgesson G, Mangset M, Godskesen TE. Are cancer patients better off if they participate in clinical trials? A mixed methods study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:401. [PMID: 32384883 PMCID: PMC7206768 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research and cancer care are closely intertwined; however, it is not clear whether physicians and nurses believe that clinical trials offer the best treatment for patients and, if so, whether this belief is justified. The aim of this study was therefore: (i) to explore how physicians and nurses perceive the benefits of clinical trial participation compared with standard care and (ii) whether it is justified to claim that clinical trial participation improves outcomes for cancer patients. Methods A mixed methods approach was used employing semi-structured interviews with 57 physicians and nurses in oncology and haematology and a literature review of the evidence for trial superiority, i.e. the idea that receiving treatment in a clinical trial leads to a better outcome compared with standard care. Inductive thematic analysis was used to examine the interview data. A literature review comprising nine articles was conducted according to a conceptual framework developed by Peppercorn et al. and evaluated recent evidence on trial superiority. Results Our findings show that many physicians and nurses make claims supporting trial superiority, however very little evidence is available in the literature comparing outcomes for trial participants and non-participants that supports their assertions. Conclusions Despite the recent rapid development and use of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, we find no support for trial participation to provide better outcomes for cancer patients than standard care. Hence, our present results are in line with previous results from Peppercorn et al. A weaker version of the superiority claim is that even if a trial does not bring about a direct positive effect, it brings about indirect positive effects. However, as the value of such indirect effects is dependent on the individual’s specific circumstances and preferences, their existence cannot establish the general claim that treatment in trials is superior. Belief in trial superiority is therefore unfounded. Hence, if such beliefs are communicated to patients in a trial recruitment context, it would provide misleading information. Instead emphasis should be on patients volunteering to give an altruistic contribution to the furthering of knowledge and to the potential benefit of future patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandra Engelbak Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Section 5073, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Eriksson
- Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laurine Bente Schram Harsløf
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Section 5073, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Petri
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Section 5073, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gert Helgesson
- Stockholm Centre for Healthcare Ethics (CHE), LIME, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margrete Mangset
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, Bygg 20, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove E Godskesen
- Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Box 11189, 100 61, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Hernon O, Dalton R, Dowling M. Clinical research nurses’ expectations and realities of their role: A qualitative evidence synthesis. J Clin Nurs 2019; 29:667-683. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orlaith Hernon
- Galway University Hospital Newcastle Road Galway Ireland
| | - Rachael Dalton
- Galway University Hospital Newcastle Road Galway Ireland
| | - Maura Dowling
- School of Nursing and Midwifery National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
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