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Alenazi F, Moursi S, Mahmoud MR, Shahid SMA, Khatoon F, Shahid Khan M, Khan MA, Alam MJ, Saleem M, Syed Khaja AS. Withaferin A alleviates inflammation in animal models of arthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and cytokine release. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111114. [PMID: 38897341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Withaferin A, a steroid lactone from Withania somnifera, exhibits anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effects of withaferin A on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, focusing on NF-κB p65 regulation and cytokine release. Withaferin A (50 mg/kg b.wt., orally) or methotrexate (0.25 mg/kg b.wt., i.p., as a reference drug) was given to CIA rats daily for 20 days postarthritis induction. Joints were removed from nonarthritic and arthritic rats to assess the levels of NO, MPO, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-κB via ELISA. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB was also assessed through qPCR. Treatment with withaferin A significantly inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the transcription factor NF-κB; suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB in the joint tissue of CIA rats; and reduced cartilage and bone destruction, as shown by H&E staining. To confirm the results obtained from biochemical and molecular studies and to determine the molecular target of withaferin A, we performed a molecular simulation of the potential targets of withaferin A, which identified the NF-κB pathway as its target. These results suggested that withaferin A effectively attenuated rheumatoid arthritis progression by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the downstream secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahaad Alenazi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soha Moursi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Madiha R Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Fahmida Khatoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Shahid Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi University, Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammad Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Saleem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
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Khokhar M, Dey S, Tomo S, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Pandey RK. Unveiling Novel Drug Targets and Emerging Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1664-1693. [PMID: 38898941 PMCID: PMC11184612 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease, that causes joint damage, deformities, and decreased functionality. In addition, RA can also impact organs like the skin, lungs, eyes, and blood vessels. This autoimmune condition arises when the immune system erroneously targets the joint synovial membrane, resulting in synovitis, pannus formation, and cartilage damage. RA treatment is often holistic, integrating medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Its main objective is to achieve remission or low disease activity by utilizing a "treat-to-target" approach that optimizes drug usage and dose adjustments based on clinical response and disease activity markers. The primary RA treatment uses disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) that help to interrupt the inflammatory process. When there is an inadequate response, a combination of biologicals and DMARDs is recommended. Biological therapies target inflammatory pathways and have shown promising results in managing RA symptoms. Close monitoring for adverse effects and disease progression is critical to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. A deeper understanding of the pathways and mechanisms will allow new treatment strategies that minimize adverse effects and maintain quality of life. This review discusses the potential targets that can be used for designing and implementing precision medicine in RA treatment, spotlighting the latest breakthroughs in biologics, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 receptor antagonists, TNF blockers, and disease-modifying noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 Rajasthan, India
| | - Sangita Dey
- CSO
Department, Cellworks Research India Pvt
Ltd, Bengaluru, 560066 Karnataka, India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 Rajasthan, India
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core
Laboratories, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Khan MA, Anwar MF, Ahmad M. Ocimum sanctum L water extract: In-situ green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Preclinical study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127212. [PMID: 37257336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder, characterised by destruction of cartilage and under line bones. Though exact etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. It is believed that alteration in control of cellular or molecular responses is involved in the chronic inflammation. Earlier in RA patients it was observed the circulating RA specific biomarkers and immunoglobulin deposits in the synovial joints. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is used as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent, however there is nil/very less scientific data shows the anti-arthritic activity of green synthesis ZnO nanoparticles (Ocimum sanctum water extract in-situ synthesis of ZnO NPs having active compound Caffeic acid and Rosmerinic acid). Hence, the present activity was planned to assess the anti-arthritic activity of ZnO NPs in CIA rats. METHODS Arthritis in rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of collagen type II (CII) (200 µl) at the base of tail on day 0 followed by booster dose on day 14. ZnO NPs were given (2 mg/kg b.wt./day) orally for 20 days. At the end of the study serum, joint homogenate was used to assess the level of biomarkers (RF, a-CCP, a-CII and CRP) and inflammatory mediators. In addition, m-RNA expression of various genes such as Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), inflammatory mediators like tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) etc. were assayed in joint tissue. Finally all these biochemical and molecular results were confirmed by microscopic study of joint tissue. RESULTS ZnO NPs, treated rats showed decrease in inflammation and clinical severity. This was related with decrease in the level of biomarkers (like RF, a-CCP and CRP), inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, COX-2) and activity of transcription factor NF-kB. All these findings were positively correlated with microscopic analysis of joint tissue that showed reduced inflammation and bone erosion in treated group. CONCLUSION This study validates the anti-arthritic activity of ZnO NPs as it mitigates the arthritis related symptoms in CIA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital (Delhi University), New Delhi 110095, India.
| | - Mohammad Faiyaz Anwar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mahboob Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur (UP)-261001, India.
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Khan MA, Rabbani G, Kumari M, Khan MJ. Ellagic acid protects type II collagen induced arthritis in rat via diminution of IKB phosphorylation and suppression IKB-NF-kB complex activation: in vivo and in silico study. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1729-1743. [PMID: 35939220 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to explore the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of ellagic acid (EA) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS CIA rats were treated with MTX (0.25 mg/kg body wt.) and EA (50 mg/kg b.wt.) for a period of 20 days. The effects of treatment in the rats were assessed biochemically by analyzing inflammatory mediators (NF-kB, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and oxidative stress related parameters (MPO, NO, LPO, catalase, SOD, GSH). In addition, we also assessed the expression of some inflammatory mediators TNF-α, CD8 + though immunohistochemistry in the joint tissue. RESULTS In the present study, we found expression and synthesis of transcription factor NF-kB was prominent in CIA rats. In addition, main pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and the anti-inflammatory IL-10, was also stand out. Further, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species was also elevated in CIA rats. Treatment with EA ameliorates all the above mentioned inflammatory and oxidative stress related parameters to near normal. Further, we also confirmed the expression of TNF-α, CD8+ T cells through immunohistochemistry was mitigates in joint tissue of EA treated rats. We find EA significantly inhibited the developmental phase of arthritis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EA act as potent anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory agent that could be used as a tool for the development of new drug for the treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Nano Diagnostics and Devices (NDD), IT Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
| | - Monika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
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Tetè S, Nicoletti M, Saggini A, Maccauro G, Rosati M, Conti F, Cianchetti E, Tripodi D, Toniato E, Fulcheri M, Salini V, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Frydas S, Pandolfi F, Conti P, Potalivo G, Theoharides T. Nutrition and Cancer Prevention. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:573-81. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites. Diet high in fat is a strong link to, and perhaps causes, a high incidence of tumours. Trans-fatty acid might impair the function and it could be involved in the development of cancer. Cholesterol is also strongly suspected to be involved in the development of tumours, therefore it is important for everyone to eat well, especially for people with cancer to prevent the body tissues from breaking down and helping to rebuild the normal tissue that may have been affected by the treatments. Factors secreted by adipocytes and macrophages such as TNF-alpha and other inflammatory proteins are involved in inflammation in cancer. In addition, MCSF which up-regulates adipocyte tissue is also important for the stimulation of fat cell proliferation and is expressed by human adipocytes. Many cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-32, IL-33 and MCP-1, are biomarkers for cancer and chronic diseases along with transcription factors NFkB and AP-1; these last two factors are important bioactive substances on the molecular mechanism of the control of genes which in turn affect cellular metabolism. In this paper we revisit the interrelationship between cancer and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tetè
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - M. Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Maccauro
- Department of Orthopedics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Rosati
- Gynecology Division, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - F. Conti
- Gynecology Division, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - E. Cianchetti
- Ortona Hospital, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - D. Tripodi
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - E. Toniato
- Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - V. Salini
- Orthopeadics Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopeadics Division, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - P. Antinolfi
- Orthopeadics Division, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - S. Frydas
- Parasitology Department, Veterinary School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - F. Pandolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - T.C. Theoharides
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biochemistry and Internal Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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