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Li TC, Lin CC, Liu CS, Lin CH, Yang SY, Li CI. Heritability of carotid intima-media thickness and inflammatory factors of atherosclerosis in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20440. [PMID: 39227703 PMCID: PMC11371917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, has been found to be associated with incident stroke. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen have been demonstrated to be associated with atherosclerosis. Previous studies on heritability estimates of IMT, CRP, and fibrinogen among Chinese populations are limited. This study aims to estimate the heritability of these risk factors in residents who participated in the Taichung Community Health Study (TCHS) and their family members. A total of 2671 study subjects from 805 families were enrolled in the study, selected from a random sample of TCHS participants and their family members. CRP, and fibrinogen were obtained from each participant, and a questionnaire interview was conducted. cIMT was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound and expressed as the mean of the maximum. Heritability estimates and the familial correlation of cIMT, CRP, and fibrinogen among family pairs were determined with SAGE software. With multivariate adjustments, significant heritability was found for cIMT (h2 = 0.26, P < 0.001), CRP (h2 = 0.34, P < 0.001), and fibrinogen (h2 = 0.48, P < 0.001). The intrafamilial correlation coefficients for the three indexes in the parent-offspring pairs were significant (P < 0.001) and ranged from 0.17 to 0.41. The full sibship correlations were also significant (P < 0.001) for the three indexes and ranged from 0.19 to 0.47. This study indicates that a moderate proportion of the variability in CRP, fibrinogen, and cIMT can be attributed to genetic factors in Chinese populations. The findings suggest that CRP is associated with cIMT, whereas no significant association exists between fibrinogen and cIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Yu Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Abeysuriya V, Wijesinha NAI, Priyadharshan PP, Chandrasena LG, Wickremasinghe AR. Composite carotid intima-media thickness as a risk predictor of coronary heart disease in a selected population in Sri Lanka. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271986. [PMID: 35994446 PMCID: PMC9394829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Segment-specific variations of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) have not been assessed in South Asian populations. The purpose of this study was to determine if segment-specific CIMTs or a composite-CIMT score is a better risk predictor of coronary heart disease in South Asian populations. Methods A comparative prospective study was conducted from November 2019 to October 2020 in a hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, cases (having a diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), n = 338) and controls (non-CHD group, n = 356) were recruited. Ultrasound examination of the common carotid (CCA), the carotid bulb (CB) and the internal carotid segments (ICA) of the carotid vessels was conducted by a radiologist, and CIMTs were measured. A composite-CIMT score defined as the average value of all six segments of the left and right sides was derived. Results 694 participants were enrolled (male n = 399, 57.5%). The mean (±SD) age of the study sample was 60.2 (±9.86) years. There were variations in segment-specific values between the left and right vessels. The mean composite-CIMT value of the CHD group was significantly higher than that of the non-CHD group. A composite-CIMT score of 0.758 had a sensitivity of 98.4% and a specificity of 64.6% in distinguishing CHD from non-CHD groups (Area under the curve (AUC): 0.926). Conclusions Carotid artery segment-specific CIMT variations were present in this population. The composite CIMT score is better than segment-specific CIMTs in predicting CHD and may be used to predict CHD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visula Abeysuriya
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
- Nawaloka Hospital Research and Education Foundation, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- * E-mail:
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Regional and demographic variations of Carotid artery Intima and Media Thickness (CIMT): A Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268716. [PMID: 35819948 PMCID: PMC9275715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective
Carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) is a strong predictor of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and independent phenotype of early atherosclerosis. The global variation of CIMT and its demographic association is yet unclear. We evaluated regional variations of CIMT based on WHO regions and assessed the differences by age and sex.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted on studies published between 1980 January up to December 2020. PubMed, Oxford Medicine Online, EBSCO, Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press and Embase data bases were used for searching. Supplementary searches were conducted on the Web of Science and Google Scholar. Grey literature was searched in “Open Grey” website. The two major criteria used were “adults” and “carotid intima media”. The search strategy for PubMed was created first and then adapted for the Oxford Medicine Online, EBSCO, Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press and Embase databases. Covidence software (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia; http://www.covidence.org) was used to manage the study selection process. Meta-analyses were done using the random-effects model. An I2 ≥ 50% or p< 0:05 were considered to indicate significant heterogeneity.
Results
Of 2847 potential articles, 46 eligible articles were included in the review contributing data for 49 381 individuals (mean age: 55.6 years, male: 55.8%). The pooled mean CIMT for the non-CHD group was 0.65mm (95%CI: 0.62–0.69). There was a significant difference in the mean CIMT between regions (p = 0.04). Countries in the African (0.72mm), American (0.71mm) and European (0.71mm) regions had a higher pooled mean CIMT compared to those in the South East Asian (0.62mm), West Pacific (0.60mm) and Eastern Mediterranean (0.60mm) regions. Males had a higher pooled mean CIMT of 0.06mm than females in the non CHD group (p = 0.001); there were also regional differences. The CHD group had a significantly higher mean CIMT than the non-CHD group (difference = 0.23mm, p = 0.001) with regional variations. Carotid artery segment-specific-CIMT variations are present in this population. Older persons and those having CHD group had significantly thicker CIMTs.
Conclusions
CIMT varies according to region, age, sex and whether a person having CHD. There are significant regional differences of mean CIMT between CHD and non-CHD groups. Segment specific CIMT variations exist among regions. There is an association between CHD and CIMT values.
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Association between Gut Microbial Diversity and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030195. [PMID: 33668894 PMCID: PMC7996485 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There is an increasing focus on the effect of the gut microbiome on developing atherosclerosis, but there is still no unified standpoint. We aimed to find associations between intestinal microbiome diversity and a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Materials and Methods: Recruited from the Hungarian Twin Registry, 108 monozygotic (MZ) twins (mean age 52.4 ± 14.1 years, 58% female) underwent a comprehensive carotid ultrasound examination (Samsung RS85). Of the 108 MZ twins, 14 pairs (mean age 65 ± 6.4 years, 71% female) discordant for carotid IMT were selected to undergo a stool sample collection. A special stool sampling container was mailed and received from each participant. After DNA extraction, library construction was performed specifically for the V3–V4 hypervariable region of microbial 16S rRNA. Next, the microbiome composition of the samples was determined using Kraken software. Two hypotheses were tested with the exact permutation test: (1) in the group with normal IMT, the Shannon index of the phyla is higher; and (2) the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is greater in the group with high IMT values. Furthermore, the abundance of different bacterial strains present at higher and normal IMT was also explored. Statistical analysis was carried out using R software. Results: Increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was associated with increased IMT (mean Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of IMT > 0.9 and IMT < 0.9 groups: 2.299 and 1.436, respectively; p = 0.031). In the group with normal IMT values, a substantially higher fraction of Prevotellaceae was observed in contrast with subjects having subclinical atherosclerosis. However, there was no significant difference in the alpha diversity between the two groups. Conclusions: The determining role of individual genera and their proportions in the development and progression of atherosclerosis can be assumed. Further studies are needed to clarify if these findings can be used as potential therapeutic targets.
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Wu YJ, Lee YN, Wu TW, Chou CL, Wang LY. Common Genetic Variants on Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type IB (BMPR1B) Gene Are Predictive for Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. Circ J 2019; 83:749-756. [PMID: 30713213 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) 2 and 4 are implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the relationships between the proteins, their main receptors and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a predictive preclinical phenotype of atherosclerosis, have not been established. Methods and Results: We screened and validated the relationships of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on BMP2, BMP4, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and BMPR2 with thicker cIMT by 2 independent case-control studies that used different subject selection methods. Among 200 screened SNPs, 12 on BMPR1B were regarded as candidate genetic markers (P-value <5.0×10-4). After combining the discovery and validation studies and adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, rs4456963*G, rs4235438*T, rs2522530*T, and rs3796433*C showed significant higher odds ratios (ORs) of having thicker cIMT (adjusted ORs: 1.50-1.56; all P-values <2.5×10-4). Multivariate analyses showed that rs4456963 and rs3796433 were significantly independent determinants of cIMT thickening. The corresponding multivariate-adjusted ORs for rs4456963*G and rs3796433*C alleles were 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-1.84) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.23-1.82), respectively. Interaction between rs4456963 and rs3796433 was evident by the significantly higher OR (8.16, 95% CI: 3.12-21.3) for subjects with the GG-CC genotype. The rs4456963*G and rs3796433*C showed positively linear trends with severity of carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified 2 SNPs on BMPR1B showing significantly independent correlations with thicker cIMT. The study provides invaluable evidence supporting that BMPR1B is closely related to carotid atherosclerosis and a potential target for the development of therapeutic agents for atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Jer Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College.,Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital
| | - Yi-Nan Lee
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital
| | - Tzu-Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College
| | - Chao-Liang Chou
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College.,Department of Neurology, Mackay Memorial Hospital
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College
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Wu TW, Chou CL, Chen YC, Juang YL, Wang LY. Associations of Common Genetic Variants on IL-17 Genes and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:1156-1167. [PMID: 29695654 PMCID: PMC6224208 DOI: 10.5551/jat.44453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of the arterial wall and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is regarded as its early marker. Several members of the IL-17 family are involved in pro-inflammatory functions. The specific aim of the study was to explore the relationships of common genetic variants on IL-17 genes with cIMT thickening. METHODS In the discovery stage, 146 SNPs on 11 IL-17 genes were screened for their relationships with cIMT by a case-control study that enrolled 284 and 464 subjects who had thicker and normal cIMT, respectively. Findings were replicated by an independent case-control study that enrolled 282 subjects who had thicker cIMT and 282 age-sex-matched subjects who had normal cIMT. RESULTS Among 134 eligible SNPs in the discovery study, only IL-17RC rs279545 was significantly correlated with cIMT (p=6.9×10-5). The rs279545 and 2 nearby linked SNPs rs55847610 and rs3846167 were included in the validation study. We found that the rs279545*G, rs55847610*G, and rs3846167*C were correlated with significantly higher likelihoods of having thicker cIMT. The corresponding multivariate-adjusted ORs were 1.462 (95% CI: 1.055-2.027), 1.481 (95% CI:1.090-2.013), and 1.589 (95% CI: 1.147-2.200), respectively. Analyses of rs279545-rs55847610 haplotypes showed that the multivariate-adjusted OR for A-A haplotype was significantly decreased (OR=0.665, 95% CI: 0.487-0.908) and for G-G haplotype was significantly increased (OR=1.539, 95% CI: 1.097-2.161). CONCLUSIONS We first correlated cIMT, a preclinical clinical cardiovascular marker, with IL-17RC, the key molecule in the IL-17 signaling pathway. Our results indicated that IL-17RC may play critical role in the development of atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College
| | - Chao-Liang Chou
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College.,Department of Neurology, Mackay Memorial Hospital
| | | | - Yue-Li Juang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College
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Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and therefore, assessing the genetic versus environmental background of CAS traits is of key importance. Carotid intima-media-thickness and plaque characteristics seem to be moderately heritable, with remarkable differences in both heritability and presence or severity of these traits among ethnicities. Although the considerable role of additive genetic effects is obvious, based on the results so far, there is an important emphasis on non-shared environmental factors as well. We aimed to collect and summarize the papers that investigate twin and family studies assessing the phenotypic variance attributable to genetic associations with CAS. Genes in relation to CAS markers were overviewed with a focus on genetic association studies and genome-wide association studies. Although the role of certain genes is confirmed by studies conducted on large populations and meta-analyses, many of them show conflicting results. A great focus should be on future studies elucidating the exact pathomechanism of these genes in CAS in order to imply them as novel therapeutic targets.
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Lucatelli P, Fagnani C, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Stazi MA, Salemi M, Cirelli C, Sacconi B, d’Adamo A, Fanelli F, Catalano C, Pucci G, Schillaci G, Baracchini C, Medda E. Femoral Artery Ultrasound Examination. Angiology 2016; 68:257-265. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319716651777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared intima–media thickness (IMT) and the prevalence of plaques in the common carotid artery (CCA) and common femoral artery (CFA) in apparently healthy participants. This multicenter study included 322 participants (59.9% female; age 20-78 years, mean 52.1 ± 15.3 years) who underwent Echo-color Doppler examination of the CCA and CFA bilaterally. Prevalence and composition of plaque were recorded. A significant ( P < .01) difference between mean CCA-IMT and mean CFA-IMT was detected (0.70 vs 0.73 mm). Plaque prevalence was significantly higher in the CFA compared to the CCA (40.7% vs 30.4%). Atherosclerotic plaques were found in both CFA and CCA in 46% of the cases, solely in CFA in 38%, and in CCA alone in 17%. The observed difference in plaque prevalence was even greater when only fibrolipid isolated plaques were considered (CFA 39.4% vs CCA 22.1%). In a healthy general population, atherosclerotic plaques were present in the CFA but not in the CCA in over one-third of the cases. Further studies must confirm whether ultrasonography of the CFA might be introduced in the screening protocols for cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierleone Lucatelli
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - David Laszlo Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Antonietta Stazi
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Salemi
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cirelli
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sacconi
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro d’Adamo
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, Department of Surgery “Paride Stefanini”, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fanelli
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Unità di Medicina Interna, Università di Perugia, Ospedale ‘S. Maria’, Terni, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schillaci
- Unità di Medicina Interna, Università di Perugia, Ospedale ‘S. Maria’, Terni, Italy
| | - Claudio Baracchini
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Littvay L, Garami Z, Karlinger K, Berczi V. Genetic and Environmental Effects on the Abdominal Aortic Diameter Development. Arq Bras Cardiol 2015; 106:13-7. [PMID: 26559855 PMCID: PMC4728590 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20150140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Configuration of the abdominal aorta is related to healthy aging and a variety of
disorders. Objectives We aimed to assess heritable and environmental effects on the abdominal aortic
diameter. Methods 114 adult (69 monozygotic, 45 same-sex dizygotic) twin pairs (mean age 43.6
± 16.3 years) underwent abdominal ultrasound with Esaote MyLab 70X
ultrasound machine to visualize the abdominal aorta below the level of the origin
of the renal arteries and 1-3 cm above the bifurcation. Results Age- and sex-adjusted heritability of the abdominal aortic diameter below the
level of the origin of the renal arteries was 40% [95% confidence interval (CI),
14 to 67%] and 55% above the aortic bifurcation (95% CI, 45 to 70%). None of the
aortic diameters showed common environmental effects, but unshared environmental
effects were responsible for 60% and 45% of the traits, respectively. Conclusions Our analysis documents the moderate heritability and its segment-specific
difference of the abdominal aortic diameter. The moderate part of variance was
explained by unshared environmental components, emphasizing the importance of
lifestyle factors in primary prevention. Further studies in this field may guide
future gene-mapping efforts and investigate specific lifestyle factors to prevent
abdominal aortic dilatation and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Laszlo Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Garami
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kinga Karlinger
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Berczi
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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A rare variant in MCF2L identified using exclusion linkage in a pedigree with premature atherosclerosis. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:86-91. [PMID: 25898923 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in Western societies. CVD risk is largely genetically determined. The molecular pathology is, however, not elucidated in a large number of families suffering from CVD. We applied exclusion linkage analysis and next-generation sequencing to elucidate the molecular defect underlying premature CVD in a small pedigree, comprising two generations of which six members suffered from premature CVD. A total of three variants showed co-segregation with the disease status in the family. Two of these variants were excluded from further analysis based on the prevalence in replication cohorts, whereas a non-synonymous variant in MCF.2 Cell Line Derived Transforming Sequence-like protein (MCF2L, c.2066A>G; p.(Asp689Gly); NM_001112732.1), located in the DH domain, was only present in the studied family. MCF2L is a guanine exchange factor that potentially links pathways that signal through Rac1 and RhoA. Indeed, in HeLa cells, MCF2L689Gly failed to activate Rac1 as well as RhoA, resulting in impaired stress fiber formation. Moreover, MCF2L protein was found in human atherosclerotic lesions but not in healthy tissue segments. In conclusion, a rare functional variant in MCF2L, leading to impaired DH function, was identified in a small pedigree with premature CVD. The presence of MCF2L in human atherosclerotic plaque specimen lends further support to its potential role in atherosclerosis.
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Lin CC, Peyser PA, Kardia SL, Li CI, Liu CS, Chu JS, Lin WY, Li TC. Heritability of cardiovascular risk factors in a Chinese population – Taichung Community Health Study and Family Cohort. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:488-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Maiwald S, Sivapalaratnam S, Motazacker MM, van Capelleveen JC, Bot I, de Jager SC, van Eck M, Jolley J, Kuiper J, Stephens J, Albers CA, Vosmeer CR, Kruize H, Geerke DP, van der Wal AC, van der Loos CM, Kastelein JJP, Trip MD, Ouwehand WH, Dallinga-Thie GM, Hovingh GK. Mutation in KERA identified by linkage analysis and targeted resequencing in a pedigree with premature atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98289. [PMID: 24879339 PMCID: PMC4039470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Genetic factors explain a proportion of the inter-individual variation in the risk for atherosclerotic events, but the genetic basis of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis in families with Mendelian forms of premature atherosclerosis is incompletely understood. We set out to unravel the molecular pathology in a large kindred with an autosomal dominant inherited form of premature atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Parametric linkage analysis was performed in a pedigree comprising 4 generations, of which a total of 11 members suffered from premature vascular events. A parametric LOD-score of 3.31 was observed for a 4.4 Mb interval on chromosome 12. Upon sequencing, a non-synonymous variant in KERA (c.920C>G; p.Ser307Cys) was identified. The variant was absent from nearly 28,000 individuals, including 2,571 patients with premature atherosclerosis. KERA, a proteoglycan protein, was expressed in lipid-rich areas of human atherosclerotic lesions, but not in healthy arterial specimens. Moreover, KERA expression in plaques was significantly associated with plaque size in a carotid-collar Apoe-/- mice (r2 = 0.69; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION A rare variant in KERA was identified in a large kindred with premature atherosclerosis. The identification of KERA in atherosclerotic plaque specimen in humans and mice lends support to its potential role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Maiwald
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mahdi M. Motazacker
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia C. de Jager
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda van Eck
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Jolley
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathon Stephens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelius A. Albers
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C. Ruben Vosmeer
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen Kruize
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan P. Geerke
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - John J. P. Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke D. Trip
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem H. Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Petersen KS, Clifton PM, Keogh JB. The association between carotid intima media thickness and individual dietary components and patterns. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:495-502. [PMID: 24374005 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To review: 1) the correlation between individual dietary components and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT); 2) the relationship between dietary patterns and cIMT; 3) the effect of dietary interventions on cIMT progression. DATA SYNTHESIS An electronic search for epidemiological and intervention trials investigating the association between dietary components or patterns of intake and cIMT was performed in PUBMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Epidemiological data shows that a higher intake of fruit, wholegrains and soluble fibre and lower consumption of saturated fat in favour of polyunsaturated fat is associated with lower cIMT. In people at high risk of cardiovascular disease >93 g/day of fruit is associated with lower cIMT. Lower cIMT has also been observed when >0.79 serves/day of wholegrains and >25 g/day of fibre, predominately in the soluble form is consumed. Saturated fat is positively associated with cIMT, for every 10 g/day increase in saturated fat cIMT is 0.03 mm greater. Olive oil is inversely associated with cIMT, with a benefit seen when >34 g/day is consumed. While there are many epidemiological studies exploring the association between dietary intake and cIMT there are few intervention studies. Intervention studies show that a Mediterranean diet may reduce cIMT progression, especially in those with a higher cIMT. CONCLUSIONS A Mediterranean style dietary pattern, which is high in fruits, wholegrains, fibre and olive oil and low in saturated fat, may reduce carotid atherosclerosis development and progression. However further research from randomised controlled trials is required to understand the association between diet and cIMT and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Petersen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - P M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - J B Keogh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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14
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Dungan JR, Hauser ER, Qin X, Kraus WE. The genetic basis for survivorship in coronary artery disease. Front Genet 2013; 4:191. [PMID: 24143143 PMCID: PMC3784965 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivorship is a trait characterized by endurance and virility in the face of hardship. It is largely considered a psychosocial attribute developed during fatal conditions, rather than a biological trait for robustness in the context of complex, age-dependent diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this paper is to present the novel phenotype, survivorship in CAD as an observed survival advantage concurrent with clinically significant CAD. We present a model for characterizing survivorship in CAD and its relationships with overlapping time- and clinically-related phenotypes. We offer an optimal measurement interval for investigating survivorship in CAD. We hypothesize genetic contributions to this construct and review the literature for evidence of genetic contribution to overlapping phenotypes in support of our hypothesis. We also present preliminary evidence of genetic effects on survival in people with clinically significant CAD from a primary case-control study of symptomatic coronary disease. Identifying gene variants that confer improved survival in the context of clinically appreciable CAD may improve our understanding of cardioprotective mechanisms acting at the gene level and potentially impact patients clinically in the future. Further, characterizing other survival-variant genetic effects may improve signal-to-noise ratio in detecting gene associations for CAD.
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15
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Tarnoki AD, Baracchini C, Tarnoki DL, Lucatelli P, Boatta E, Zini C, Fanelli F, Molnar AA, Meneghetti G, Stazi MA, Medda E, Cotichini R, Nisticò L, Fagnani C, Osztovits J, Jermendy G, Preda I, Kiss RG, Metneki J, Horvath T, Pucci G, Bata P, Karlinger K, Littvay L, Berczi V, Garami Z, Schillaci G. Evidence for a strong genetic influence on carotid plaque characteristics: an international twin study. Stroke 2012; 43:3168-72. [PMID: 23086674 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.666016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Few family studies reported moderate genetic impact on the presence and scores of carotid plaques. However, the heritability of carotid plaque characteristics remains still unclear. Twin studies more reliably estimate the relative contribution of genes to these traits in contrast to family study design. METHODS One hundred ninety-two monozygotic and 83 dizygotic adult twin pairs (age 49±15 years) from Italy, Hungary, and the United States underwent B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound of bilateral common, internal, and external carotid arteries. RESULTS Age-, sex-, and country-adjusted heritability was 78% for the presence of carotid plaque (95% CI, 55%-90%), 74% for plaque echogenicity (hypoechoic, hyperechoic, or mixed; 95% CI, 38%-87%), 69% for plaque size (area in mm2 in longitudinal plane; <or>50 percentile; 95% CI, 16%-86%), 74% for plaque sidedness (unilateral or bilateral; 95% CI, 25%-90%), 74% for plaque numerosity (95% CI, 26%-86%), 68% (95% CI, 40%-84%), and 66% (95% CI, 32%-90%) for the presence of plaque in carotid bulbs and proximal internal carotid arteries. No role of shared environmental factors was found. Unique environmental factors were responsible for the remaining variance (22%-34%). Controlling for relevant covariates did not change the results significantly. CONCLUSIONS The heritability of ultrasound characteristics of carotid plaque is high. Unshared environmental effects account for a modest portion of the variance. Our findings should stimulate the search for genes responsible for these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Domonkos Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, and Department of Cardiology, Military Hospital, 78/a Ulloi St, Budapest, H-1082, Hungary.
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