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Galárraga O, Quijano-Ruiz A, Faytong-Haro M. The Effects of Mobile Primary Health Teams: Evidence from the Médico del Barrio Strategy in Ecuador. WORLD DEVELOPMENT 2024; 181:106659. [PMID: 38911668 PMCID: PMC11192489 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Starting in 2017, Ecuador gradually expanded its primary healthcare access program nationwide using mobile traveling healthcare teams through the Estrategia Médico del Barrio (EMB) [or Neighborhood Doctor Strategy]. EMB teams, composed of a primary care physician, a nurse, and a community health worker, made home visits in marginalized areas. We estimate the impact of the EMB on health and utilization outcomes using nationally representative household surveys for 2006 (N=55,666), 2012-13 (N=92,500) and 2018-19 (N=168,747). The treatment variable at the extensive margin is any exposure to EMB at the canton level. At the intensive margin, we use exposure in terms of weeks covered by EMB and the number and composition of EMB personnel per 1000 population. We identify outcomes of treated vs. non- or partially-treated cantons based on the random combination of the timing of the start of the program's implementation and the timing of the survey interview, which varied across cantons. We use difference-in-difference (DD) and difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) frameworks, the latter for cantons with high indigenous concentration. We find significant effects on the reported health problem and preventive care, but mixed results in terms of curative healthcare. The DDD specification shows that EMB improved health problem diagnoses and preventive healthcare utilization, including in highly indigenous cantons, yet it seemed to have had mixed results in terms of curative care use in Ecuador. Various alternative specifications and robustness tests do not qualitatively alter the main findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alonso Quijano-Ruiz
- Ecuadorian Development Research Lab, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Marco Faytong-Haro
- Ecuadorian Development Research Lab, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
- Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Fan LP, Quijano-Ruiz A, Wang C, Zhao HW, Wang DN, Wu HM, Liu L, Zhan YH, Zhou XB. Effects of personalized music listening on post-stroke cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 57:101885. [PMID: 39098085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have suggested that music listening has the potential to positively affect cognitive functions and mood in individuals with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), with a preference for self-selected music likely to yield better outcomes. However, there is insufficient clinical evidence to suggest the use of music listening in routine rehabilitation care to treat PSCI. This randomized control trial (RCT) aims to investigate the effects of personalized music listening on mood improvement, activities of daily living (ADLs), and cognitive functions in individuals with PSCI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 34 patients with PSCI were randomly assigned to either the music group or the control group. Patients in the music group underwent a three-month personalized music-listening intervention. The intervention involved listening to a personalized playlist tailored to each individual's cultural, ethnic, and social background, life experiences, and personal music preferences. In contrast, the control group patients listened to white noise as a placebo. Cognitive function, neurological function, mood, and ADLs were assessed. RESULTS After three months of treatment, the music group showed significantly higher Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared to the control group (p=0.027), particularly in the domains of delayed recall (p=0.019) and orientation (p=0.023). Moreover, the music group demonstrated significantly better scores in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (p=0.008), Barthel Index (BI) (p=0.019), and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) (p=0.008) compared to the control group. No effects were found on mood as measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). CONCLUSION Personalized music listening promotes the recovery of cognitive and neurological functions, improves ADLs, and reduces caregiver burden in patients with PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xinglin Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361022, China
| | - Alonso Quijano-Ruiz
- College of Arts, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China; Ecuadorian Development Research Lab, Daule, Guayas, 090656, Ecuador
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhao
- College of Arts, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Dan-Ni Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Han-Ming Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Lin Liu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yi-Hong Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China; The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Xian-Bao Zhou
- College of Arts, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China.
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Dimitriadis T, Della Porta D, Perschl J, Evers AWM, Magee WL, Schaefer RS. Motivation and music interventions in adults: A systematic review. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2024; 34:649-678. [PMID: 37340969 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2023.2224033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTMusic is increasingly used in a wide array of settings, from clinical recovery to sports or well-being interventions. Motivation related to music is often considered as a possible working mechanism for music to facilitate these processes, however this has not previously been systematically evaluated. The current systematic review considered studies that involved music (therapy) interventions, together with motivation-related measures such as wanting to practise, liking the musical activities, or patient adherence to an intervention. Our objective was to examine whether music is related to increased motivation in task performance and/or rehabilitation settings, and whether this is in turn related to better clinical or training outcomes. Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which (85%) indicated an increased level of motivation with music as compared to without. Moreover, in those studies where motivation was increased, clinical or other outcomes were improved in most cases (90%). These results support the notion of motivation as an underlying mechanism of music-based interventions, but more robust evidence is needed to ascertain which mechanisms are crucial in increasing motivation from a behavioural, cognitive, and neurobiological point of view, as well as how motivational mechanisms relate to other factors of effectiveness in music-based paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Dimitriadis
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Amstelring Rehabilitation Centre and Nursing homes, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Delia Della Porta
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Johanna Perschl
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrea W M Evers
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Medical Delta Healthy Society, Leiden University, Technical University Delft and Erasmus University Rotterdam, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wendy L Magee
- Boyer College of Music and Dance, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca S Schaefer
- Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Academy of Creative and Performing Arts, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Rees K, Takeda A, Court R, Kudrna L, Hartley L, Ernst E. Meditation for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 2:CD013358. [PMID: 38358047 PMCID: PMC10867897 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013358.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions incorporating meditation to address stress, anxiety, and depression, and improve self-management, are becoming popular for many health conditions. Stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and clusters with other modifiable behavioural risk factors, such as smoking. Meditation may therefore be a useful CVD prevention strategy. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of meditation, primarily mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and transcendental meditation (TM), for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, three other databases, and two trials registers on 14 November 2021, together with reference checking, citation searching, and contact with study authors to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of 12 weeks or more in adults at high risk of CVD and those with established CVD. We explored four comparisons: MBIs versus active comparators (alternative interventions); MBIs versus non-active comparators (no intervention, wait list, usual care); TM versus active comparators; TM versus non-active comparators. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were CVD clinical events (e.g. cardiovascular mortality), blood pressure, measures of psychological distress and well-being, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes included other CVD risk factors (e.g. blood lipid levels), quality of life, and coping abilities. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 81 RCTs (6971 participants), with most studies at unclear risk of bias. MBIs versus active comparators (29 RCTs, 2883 participants) Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were reported in six trials (388 participants) where heterogeneity was considerable (SBP: MD -6.08 mmHg, 95% CI -12.79 to 0.63, I2 = 88%; DBP: MD -5.18 mmHg, 95% CI -10.65 to 0.29, I2 = 91%; both outcomes based on low-certainty evidence). There was little or no effect of MBIs on anxiety (SMD -0.06 units, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.13; I2 = 0%; 9 trials, 438 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), or depression (SMD 0.08 units, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.24; I2 = 0%; 11 trials, 595 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Perceived stress was reduced with MBIs (SMD -0.24 units, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.03; I2 = 0%; P = 0.03; 6 trials, 357 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There was little to no effect on well-being (SMD -0.18 units, 95% CI -0.67 to 0.32; 1 trial, 63 participants; low-certainty evidence). There was little to no effect on smoking cessation (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.68; I2 = 79%; 6 trials, 1087 participants; low-certainty evidence). None of the trials reported CVD clinical events or adverse events. MBIs versus non-active comparators (38 RCTs, 2905 participants) Clinical events were reported in one trial (110 participants), providing very low-certainty evidence (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.42). SBP and DBP were reduced in nine trials (379 participants) but heterogeneity was substantial (SBP: MD -6.62 mmHg, 95% CI -13.15 to -0.1, I2 = 87%; DBP: MD -3.35 mmHg, 95% CI -5.86 to -0.85, I2 = 61%; both outcomes based on low-certainty evidence). There was low-certainty evidence of reductions in anxiety (SMD -0.78 units, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.41; I2 = 61%; 9 trials, 533 participants; low-certainty evidence), depression (SMD -0.66 units, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.41; I2 = 67%; 15 trials, 912 participants; low-certainty evidence) and perceived stress (SMD -0.59 units, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.29; I2 = 70%; 11 trials, 708 participants; low-certainty evidence) but heterogeneity was substantial. Well-being increased (SMD 0.5 units, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.91; I2 = 47%; 2 trials, 198 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There was little to no effect on smoking cessation (RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.86 to 2.13; I2 = 0%; 2 trials, 453 participants; low-certainty evidence). One small study (18 participants) reported two adverse events in the MBI group, which were not regarded as serious by the study investigators (RR 5.0, 95% CI 0.27 to 91.52; low-certainty evidence). No subgroup effects were seen for SBP, DBP, anxiety, depression, or perceived stress by primary and secondary prevention. TM versus active comparators (8 RCTs, 830 participants) Clinical events were reported in one trial (201 participants) based on low-certainty evidence (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.49). SBP was reduced (MD -2.33 mmHg, 95% CI -3.99 to -0.68; I2 = 2%; 8 trials, 774 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), with an uncertain effect on DBP (MD -1.15 mmHg, 95% CI -2.85 to 0.55; I2 = 53%; low-certainty evidence). There was little or no effect on anxiety (SMD 0.06 units, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.33; I2 = 0%; 3 trials, 200 participants; low-certainty evidence), depression (SMD -0.12 units, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.07; I2 = 0%; 5 trials, 421 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), or perceived stress (SMD 0.04 units, 95% CI -0.49 to 0.57; I2 = 70%; 3 trials, 194 participants; very low-certainty evidence). None of the trials reported adverse events or smoking rates. No subgroup effects were seen for SBP or DBP by primary and secondary prevention. TM versus non-active comparators (2 RCTs, 186 participants) Two trials (139 participants) reported blood pressure, where reductions were seen in SBP (MD -6.34 mmHg, 95% CI -9.86 to -2.81; I2 = 0%; low-certainty evidence) and DBP (MD -5.13 mmHg, 95% CI -9.07 to -1.19; I2 = 18%; very low-certainty evidence). One trial (112 participants) reported anxiety and depression and found reductions in both (anxiety SMD -0.71 units, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.32; depression SMD -0.48 units, 95% CI -0.86 to -0.11; low-certainty evidence). None of the trials reported CVD clinical events, adverse events, or smoking rates. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of studies included in the review, heterogeneity was substantial for many of the outcomes, which reduced the certainty of our findings. We attempted to address this by presenting four main comparisons of MBIs or TM versus active or inactive comparators, and by subgroup analyses according to primary or secondary prevention, where there were sufficient studies. The majority of studies were small and there was unclear risk of bias for most domains. Overall, we found very little information on the effects of meditation on CVD clinical endpoints, and limited information on blood pressure and psychological outcomes, for people at risk of or with established CVD. This is a very active area of research as shown by the large number of ongoing studies, with some having been completed at the time of writing this review. The status of all ongoing studies will be formally assessed and incorporated in further updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rees
- Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Rachel Court
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Laura Kudrna
- Institute of Applied Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Duan H, Yan X, Meng S, Qiu L, Zhang J, Yang C, Liu S. Effectiveness Evaluation of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy Combined with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for People with Post-Stroke Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:930. [PMID: 36673684 PMCID: PMC9858717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is most prevalent during the rehabilitative period following a stroke. Recent studies verified the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy (rTMS) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in patients with depression. However, the effectiveness and prospect of application in PSD patients remain unclear. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined intervention based on rTMS and MBSR for the physical and mental state of PSD patients. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study design was employed. Participants were recruited from the Rehabilitation Medicine Centre and randomly assigned to receive either MBSR combined with active or sham rTMS or sham rTMS combined with general psychological care. We used a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), a mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate depressed symptoms, cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADL), and sleep quality at baseline, post-intervention, and the 8-week follow-up. A two-factor analysis of variance was used to compare differences between groups, and Pearson’s linear correlation was used to analyze the possible relationship between variables and potential predictors of depression improvement. Results: Seventy-two participants were randomized to rTMS−MBSR (n = 24), sham rTMS−MBSR (n = 24), or sham rTMS−general psychological care (n = 24). A total of 71 patients completed the questionnaire, a 99% response rate. There were significant time and group interaction effects in HAMD-17, MMSE, MBI, and PSQI scores (p < 0.001). The repeated-measure ANOVA showed a significant improvement of all variables in rTMS−MBSR compared to sham rTMS−MBSR and sham rTMS combined with general psychological care (p < 0.05). Additional results demonstrated that cognitive function, sleep quality, and activities of daily living are associated with depressive symptoms, and cognitive function is a potential variable for improved depression. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms can be identified early by assessing cognitive function, and rTMS−MBSR might be considered a potentially helpful treatment for PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Duan
- Nursing College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shifeng Meng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Centre, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lixia Qiu
- Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Nursing College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Mental Health and Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Mental Health and Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Korupolu R, Malik A, Ratcliff C, Robinson-Whelen S, Taylor HB. Feasibility, Acceptability, and Efficacy of Mindfulness Training in People With Upper Motor Neuron Disorders: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 103:2410-2428. [PMID: 35760105 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and health-related quality of life among individuals with upper motor neuron disorders (UMNDs). DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycINFO, Excerpta Medica Database, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched for relevant studies published between January 2001 and June 2021. STUDY SELECTION Clinical trials published in English evaluating MBIs in adults with the 4 most common UMNDs (multiple sclerosis, brain injury including stroke, spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently performed the risk of bias assessment using standardized tools and extracted desired data electronically. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 44 studies were included: 26 randomized controlled trials, 10 nonrandomized controlled trials, and 8 pre-post intervention studies. The average ± SD duration of MBIs was 8±2 weeks. On average, 85%±14% of participants completed the MBI, and the retention rate at follow-up was 80%±16%. Only 14% of the studies delivered MBIs virtually, and feasibility metrics were similar to in-person studies. Among studies reporting acceptability data, most participants reported satisfaction with the MBI. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of MBI on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and quality of life revealed greater relative improvement in these outcomes among MBI participants compared with controls, with differences greater when compared with passive control than active control participants. None of the studies included in this review studied dose response. CONCLUSIONS Based on current data, MBIs are feasible and offer a promising approach to address the biopsychosocial needs of individuals with UMNDs. MBIs are associated with a high acceptance rate among participants, with notable improvements in depression, anxiety, fatigue, and quality of life post intervention. Future studies are needed to evaluate alternate models of delivery of MBIs and the dose-response relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Korupolu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas.
| | - Aila Malik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chelsea Ratcliff
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas
| | - Susan Robinson-Whelen
- TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather B Taylor
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, Texas
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Alashram AR, Annino G, Padua E. Rehabilitation interventions for cognitive deficits in stroke survivors: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-27. [PMID: 36194642 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2130319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are one of the most common impairments after stroke. It negatively affects physical and social functioning. Rehabilitation interventions for cognitive deficits post-stroke have taken less consideration. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the effects of various rehabilitation interventions on cognitive functions in patients with stroke. PUBMED, SCOPUS, PEDro, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and REHABDATA were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of rehabilitation interventions on cognitive domains poststroke until August 2021. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the effect sizes were calculated. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 3561 individuals with stroke, 57.60% of whom were males. The mean age for all participants was 65.48 years. Eighteen RCTs were high, moderate (n = 17), and low methodological quality (n = 9). The results showed evidence for the beneficial effects of many rehabilitation interventions on cognition in individuals with stroke. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in improving cognitive functions in stroke patients with mild cognitive deficits. Virtual reality (VR), computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (CBCR), and non-aerobic exercises may promote cognitive functions in patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas R Alashram
- Department of Physiotherapy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
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Wijeratne T, Sales C, Wijeratne C. A Narrative Review on the Non-Pharmacologic Interventions in Post-Stroke Depression. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1689-1706. [PMID: 35832139 PMCID: PMC9273151 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s310207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability globally. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a major driver for poor recovery and poor quality of life with extra burden for the patient and the caregiver. We have previously shown the inflammatory basis of PSD with associated bioenergetic failure, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, cell death, and persistent maladapted inflammation, making the PSD a norm rather than the exception, highlighting the unmet need for therapeutic intervention in PSD across the recovery trajectory. In this era, various interventions are focused on pharmacotherapy; however, non-pill-based medication should also be explored as post-stroke patients are likely to suffer from the adverse effects of polypharmacy. This narrated review explores the status of non-pharmacological interventions in managing PSD. We performed a PubMed search using pre-specified keywords looking at various non-pharmacologic approaches for the management of PSD. Worldwide, approaches such as non-invasive brain stimulation, behavioral and psychosocial therapy, as well as exercise, acupuncture, music, literature, and art therapies are available as monotherapy or adjunctive treatment for PSD. While current literature shows convincing results on the benefits of non-pharmacologic interventions, more robust studies are necessary to determine its utility in PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tissa Wijeratne
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Western Health & University Melbourne, AIMSS, Level Three, WHCRE, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, 3021, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rajarata, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Carmela Sales
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, AIMSS, Melbourne Medical School, Sunshine Hospital, Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Gibson E, Koh CL, Eames S, Bennett S, Scott AM, Hoffmann TC. Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 3:CD006430. [PMID: 35349186 PMCID: PMC8962963 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006430.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a frequent consequence of stroke and can impact on a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Occupational therapists use a range of interventions when working with people who have cognitive impairment poststroke. This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 2010. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of occupational therapy on activities of daily living (ADL), both basic and instrumental, global cognitive function, and specific cognitive abilities in people who have cognitive impairment following a stroke. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases (all last searched September 2020), trial registries, and reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that evaluated an intervention for adults with clinically defined stroke and confirmed cognitive impairment. The intervention needed either to be provided by an occupational therapist or considered within the scope of occupational therapy practice as defined in the review. We excluded studies focusing on apraxia or perceptual impairments or virtual reality interventions as these are covered by other Cochrane Reviews. The primary outcome was basic activities of daily living (BADL) such as dressing, feeding, and bathing. Secondary outcomes were instrumental ADL (IADL) (e.g. shopping and meal preparation), community integration and participation, global cognitive function and specific cognitive abilities (including attention, memory, executive function, or a combination of these), and subdomains of these abilities. We included both observed and self-reported outcome measures. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies that met the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the certainty of the evidence. A third review author moderated disagreements if consensus was not reached. We contacted trial authors for additional information and data, where available. We assessed the certainty of key outcomes using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS: We included 24 trials from 11 countries involving 1142 (analysed) participants (two weeks to eight years since stroke onset). This update includes 23 new trials in addition to the one study included in the previous version. Most were parallel randomised controlled trials except for one cross-over trial and one with a two-by-two factorial design. Most studies had sample sizes under 50 participants. Twenty studies involved a remediation approach to cognitive rehabilitation, particularly using computer-based interventions. The other four involved a compensatory and adaptive approach. The length of interventions ranged from 10 days to 18 weeks, with a mean total length of 19 hours. Control groups mostly received usual rehabilitation or occupational therapy care, with a few receiving an attention control that was comparable to usual care; two had no intervention (i.e. a waiting list). Apart from high risk of performance bias for all but one of the studies, the risk of bias for other aspects was mostly low or unclear. For the primary outcome of BADL, meta-analysis found a small effect on completion of the intervention with a mean difference (MD) of 2.26 on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 4.22; P = 0.03, I2 = 0%; 6 studies, 336 participants; low-certainty evidence). Therefore, on average, BADL improved by 2.26 points on the FIM that ranges from 18 (total assist) to 126 (complete independence). On follow-up, there was insufficient evidence of an effect at three months (MD 10.00, 95% CI -0.54 to 20.55; P = 0.06, I2 = 53%; 2 studies, 73 participants; low-certainty evidence), but evidence of an effect at six months (MD 11.38, 95% CI 1.62 to 21.14, I2 = 12%; 2 studies, 73 participants; low-certainty evidence). These differences are below 22 points which is the established minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the FIM for people with stroke. For IADL, the evidence is very uncertain about an effect (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.94, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.47; P = 0.0005, I2 = 98%; 2 studies, 88 participants). For community integration, we found insufficient evidence of an effect (SMD 0.09, 95% CI -0.35 to 0.54; P = 0.68, I2 = 0%; 2 studies, 78 participants). There was an improvement of clinical importance in global cognitive functional performance after the intervention (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.54; P = 0.0004, I2 = 0%; 9 studies, 432 participants; low-certainty evidence), equating to 1.63 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (95% CI 0.75 to 2.52), which exceeds the anchor-based MCID of the MoCA for stroke rehabilitation patients of 1.22. We found some effect for attention overall (SMD -0.31, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.15; P = 0.0002, I2 = 20%; 13 studies, 620 participants; low-certainty evidence), equating to a difference of 17.31 seconds (95% CI 8.38 to 26.24), and for executive functional performance overall (SMD 0.49, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.66; P < 0.00001, I2 = 74%; 11 studies, 550 participants; very low-certainty evidence), equating to 1.41 points on the Frontal Assessment Battery (range: 0-18). Of the cognitive subdomains, we found evidence of effect of possible clinical importance, immediately after intervention, for sustained visual attention (moderate certainty) equating to 15.63 seconds, for working memory (low certainty) equating to 59.9 seconds, and thinking flexibly (low certainty), compared to control. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of occupational therapy for cognitive impairment poststroke remains unclear. Occupational therapy may result in little to no clinical difference in BADL immediately after intervention and at three and six months' follow-up. Occupational therapy may slightly improve global cognitive performance of a clinically important difference immediately after intervention, likely improves sustained visual attention slightly, and may slightly increase working memory and flexible thinking after intervention. There is evidence of low or very low certainty or insufficient evidence for effect on other cognitive domains, IADL, and community integration and participation. Given the low certainty of much of the evidence in our review, more research is needed to support or refute the effectiveness of occupational therapy for cognitive impairment after stroke. Future trials need improved methodology to address issues including risk of bias and to better report the outcome measures and interventions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gibson
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Chia-Lin Koh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Sally Eames
- Community and Oral Health Innovation and Research Centre, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sally Bennett
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anna Mae Scott
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Tammy C Hoffmann
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
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10
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Sihvonen AJ, Soinila S, Särkämö T. Post-stroke enriched auditory environment induces structural connectome plasticity: secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1813-1822. [PMID: 35352235 PMCID: PMC9279272 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke neuroplasticity and cognitive recovery can be enhanced by multimodal stimulation via environmental enrichment. In this vein, recent studies have shown that enriched sound environment (i.e., listening to music) during the subacute post-stroke stage improves cognitive outcomes compared to standard care. The beneficial effects of post-stroke music listening are further pronounced when listening to music containing singing, which enhances language recovery coupled with structural and functional connectivity changes within the language network. However, outside the language network, virtually nothing is known about the effects of enriched sound environment on the structural connectome of the recovering post-stroke brain. Here, we report secondary outcomes from a single-blind randomized controlled trial (NCT01749709) in patients with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke (N = 38) who were randomly assigned to listen to vocal music, instrumental music, or audiobooks during the first 3 post-stroke months. Utilizing the longitudinal diffusion-weighted MRI data of the trial, the present study aimed to determine whether the music listening interventions induce changes on structural white matter connectome compared to the control audiobook intervention. Both vocal and instrumental music groups increased quantitative anisotropy longitudinally in multiple left dorsal and ventral tracts as well as in the corpus callosum, and also in the right hemisphere compared to the audiobook group. Audiobook group did not show increased structural connectivity changes compared to both vocal and instrumental music groups. This study shows that listening to music, either vocal or instrumental promotes wide-spread structural connectivity changes in the post-stroke brain, providing a fertile ground for functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi J Sihvonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Turku, Finland. .,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Queensland Aphasia Research Centre and UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Seppo Soinila
- Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital and Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Turku, Finland
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11
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Clinical and Neural Predictors of Treatment Response to Music Listening Intervention after Stroke. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121576. [PMID: 34942878 PMCID: PMC8699822 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with post-stroke impairments present often significant variation in response to therapeutic interventions. Recent studies have shown that daily music listening can aid post-stroke recovery of language and memory, but reliable predictors of treatment response are unknown. Utilizing data from the music intervention arms of a single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) on stroke patients (N = 31), we built regression models to predict the treatment response of a two-month music listening intervention on language skills and verbal memory with baseline demographic, clinical and musical data as well as fMRI data from a music listening task. Clinically, greater improvement in verbal memory and language skills after the music listening intervention were predicted by the severity of the initial deficit and educational level. Neurally, greater baseline fMRI activation during vocal music listening in the left parietal cortical and medial frontal areas predicted greater treatment-induced improvement in language skills and greater baseline engagement of the auditory network during instrumental music listening predicted improvement in both verbal memory and language skills. Our results suggest that clinical, demographic, and neuroimaging data predicts music listening treatment response. This data could be used clinically to target music-based treatments.
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12
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Sihvonen AJ, Ripollés P, Leo V, Saunavaara J, Parkkola R, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Soinila S, Särkämö T. Vocal music listening enhances post-stroke language network reorganization. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0158-21.2021. [PMID: 34140351 PMCID: PMC8266215 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0158-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Listening to vocal music has been recently shown to improve language recovery in stroke survivors. The neuroplasticity mechanisms supporting this effect are, however, still unknown. Using data from a three-arm single-blind randomized controlled trial including acute stroke patients (N=38) and a 3-month follow-up, we set out to compare the neuroplasticity effects of daily listening to self-selected vocal music, instrumental music, and audiobooks on both brain activity and structural connectivity of the language network. Using deterministic tractography we show that the 3-month intervention induced an enhancement of the microstructural properties of the left frontal aslant tract (FAT) for the vocal music group as compared to the audiobook group. Importantly, this increase in the strength of the structural connectivity of the left FAT correlated with improved language skills. Analyses of stimulus-specific activation changes showed that the vocal music group exhibited increased activations in the frontal termination points of the left FAT during vocal music listening as compared to the audiobook group from acute to 3-month post-stroke stage. The increased activity correlated with the structural neuroplasticity changes in the left FAT. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of vocal music listening on post-stroke language recovery are underpinned by structural neuroplasticity changes within the language network and extend our understanding of music-based interventions in stroke rehabilitation.Significance statementPost-stroke language deficits have a devastating effect on patients and their families. Current treatments yield highly variable outcomes and the evidence for their long-term effects is limited. Patients often receive insufficient treatment that are predominantly given outside the optimal time window for brain plasticity. Post-stroke vocal music listening improves language outcome which is underpinned by neuroplasticity changes within the language network. Vocal music listening provides a complementary rehabilitation strategy which could be safely implemented in the early stages of stroke rehabilitation and seems to specifically target language symptoms and recovering language network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi J Sihvonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Pablo Ripollés
- Department of Psychology, New York University, USA
- Music and Audio Research Laboratory, New York University, USA
- Center for Language Music and emotion, New York UniversityUSA
| | - Vera Leo
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Soinila
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Innes KE, Montgomery C, Selfe TK, Wen S, Khalsa DS, Flick M. Incorporating a Usual Care Comparator into a Study of Meditation and Music Listening for Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Feasibility Trial. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:187-206. [PMID: 33981956 PMCID: PMC8075554 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest meditation and music listening (ML) may improve cognitive and psychosocial outcomes in adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). However, lack of a usual care group has limited conclusions. OBJECTIVE To assess the: 1) feasibility of incorporating an enhanced usual care (EUC) comparator in a trial of Kirtan Kriya meditation (KK) and ML for adults experiencing SCD; and 2) preliminary effects of active treatment (KK/ML) versus an EUC program. METHODS Forty participants with SCD were randomized 1:1:2 to a 12-week KK, ML, or EUC program. KK and ML participants were asked to practice 12 minutes/day; EUC participants were given a comprehensive educational packet regarding healthy aging and strategies for improving/maintaining brain health and asked to record any activities or strategies used. Feasibility was assessed using measures of retention, adherence, treatment expectancies, and participant satisfaction, as well as information from exit questionnaires and daily practice/activity logs. Cognitive functioning, stress, mood, sleep-quality, and health-related quality of life (QOL) were measured pre- and post-intervention using well-validated instruments. RESULTS Thirty-two participants (80%) completed the 3-month study, with retention highest in the EUC group (p < 0.05). Active treatment participants averaged 6.0±0.4 practice sessions/week, and EUC participants, 7.5±0.6 brain health activities/week. Treatment expectancies were similar across groups. EUC participants indicated high satisfaction with the program and study. Despite limited study power, the active treatment group showed significantly greater gains in subjective memory functioning (ps≤0.025) and nonsignificant improvements in cognitive performance (TMT-B), perceived stress, QOL, and mood (ps≤0.08) compared to the EUC group. CONCLUSION Findings of this pilot feasibility trial suggest incorporation of an EUC program is feasible, and that participation in a simple 12-week relaxation program may be helpful for adults with SCD versus engagement in an EUC program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E. Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Caitlin Montgomery
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Terry Kit Selfe
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Madison Flick
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, WV, USA
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14
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Sihvonen AJ, Leo V, Ripollés P, Lehtovaara T, Ylönen A, Rajanaro P, Laitinen S, Forsblom A, Saunavaara J, Autti T, Laine M, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Tervaniemi M, Soinila S, Särkämö T. Vocal music enhances memory and language recovery after stroke: pooled results from two RCTs. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:2272-2287. [PMID: 33022148 PMCID: PMC7664275 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies suggest that daily music listening can aid stroke recovery, but little is known about the stimulus‐dependent and neural mechanisms driving this effect. Building on neuroimaging evidence that vocal music engages extensive and bilateral networks in the brain, we sought to determine if it would be more effective for enhancing cognitive and language recovery and neuroplasticity than instrumental music or speech after stroke. Methods Using data pooled from two single‐blind randomized controlled trials in stroke patients (N = 83), we compared the effects of daily listening to self‐selected vocal music, instrumental music, and audiobooks during the first 3 poststroke months. Outcome measures comprised neuropsychological tests of verbal memory (primary outcome), language, and attention and a mood questionnaire performed at acute, 3‐month, and 6‐month stages and structural and functional MRI at acute and 6‐month stages. Results Listening to vocal music enhanced verbal memory recovery more than instrumental music or audiobooks and language recovery more than audiobooks, especially in aphasic patients. Voxel‐based morphometry and resting‐state and task‐based fMRI results showed that vocal music listening selectively increased gray matter volume in left temporal areas and functional connectivity in the default mode network. Interpretation Vocal music listening is an effective and easily applicable tool to support cognitive recovery after stroke as well as to enhance early language recovery in aphasia. The rehabilitative effects of vocal music are driven by both structural and functional plasticity changes in temporoparietal networks crucial for emotional processing, language, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi J Sihvonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vera Leo
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pablo Ripollés
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York
| | | | - Aki Ylönen
- Private Music Therapy Practitioner, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Sari Laitinen
- Private Music Therapy Practitioner, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Autti
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mari Tervaniemi
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,CICERO Learning, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Soinila
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Stubberud J, Løvstad M, Solbakk AK, Schanke AK, Tornås S. Emotional Regulation Following Acquired Brain Injury: Associations With Executive Functioning in Daily Life and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1011. [PMID: 33013668 PMCID: PMC7512052 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine whether a questionnaire measuring emotional regulation after acquired brain injury adds clinical information beyond what can be obtained with a comprehensive executive function questionnaire and an anxiety and depression measure. Method: Seventy adult persons (age 19–66 years, Mage = 43, SDage = 13) with acquired brain injury in the chronic phase and executive function complaints. All were recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial (NCT02692352) evaluating the effects of cognitive rehabilitation. Traumatic brain injury was the dominant cause of injury (64%), and mean time since injury was 8 years. Emotional regulation was assessed with the Brain Injury Trust Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (BREQ). Executive function was assessed with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Adult Version (BRIEF-A). The Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 (HCSL-25) was employed to measure anxiety and depression symptoms. Results: Overall, significant correlations were found between reports of emotional regulation (BREQ) and executive function in daily life (BRIEF-A). Furthermore, our analyses revealed a significant relationship between self-reported scores of emotional regulation (BREQ) and symptoms of anxiety and depression (HSCL-25). Conclusion: The significant associations between the BREQ and most of the other clinical measures indicate that, for patients with acquired brain injury, the BREQ does not add substantial information beyond what can be assessed with the BRIEF-A and the HSCL-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stubberud
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Marianne Løvstad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Anne-Kristin Solbakk
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Olso, Norway.,Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Anne-Kristine Schanke
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Sveinung Tornås
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
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