1
|
Pilsova A, Pilsova Z, Klusackova B, Zelenkova N, Chmelikova E, Postlerova P, Sedmikova M. Hydrogen sulfide and its role in female reproduction. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1378435. [PMID: 38933705 PMCID: PMC11202402 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1378435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule produced in the body by three enzymes: cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). H2S is crucial in various physiological processes associated with female mammalian reproduction. These include estrus cycle, oocyte maturation, oocyte aging, ovulation, embryo transport and early embryo development, the development of the placenta and fetal membranes, pregnancy, and the initiation of labor. Despite the confirmed presence of H2S-producing enzymes in all female reproductive tissues, as described in this review, the exact mechanisms of H2S action in these tissues remain in most cases unclear. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the knowledge about the presence and effects of H2S in these tissues and outline possible signaling pathways that mediate these effects. Understanding these pathways may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies in the field of women's health and perinatal medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Pilsova
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fadah K, Cruz Rodriguez JB, Alkhateeb H, Mukherjee D, Garcia H, Schuller D, Mohammad KO, Sahay S, Nickel NP. Prognosis in Hispanic patient population with pulmonary arterial hypertension: An application of common risk stratification models. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12209. [PMID: 37020706 PMCID: PMC10069240 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality rate. Current guidelines propose initiation and escalation of PAH-targeted treatment based on a goal-directed approach targeting hemodynamic, functional, and biochemical variables. This approach has been successfully validated in large Caucasian cohorts. However, given the low number of Hispanic patients enrolled in large PAH trials and registries, it is unknown if the same prognostic tools can be applied to this patient population. We analyzed a single-center outpatient cohort that consisted of 135 Hispanic patients diagnosed with PAH. Baseline characteristics were calculated based on COMPERA, COMPERA 2.0 and REVEAL 2.0 risk scores before the initiation of PAH-targeted therapies. The survival rate at 1 year after diagnosis was 88% for the entire cohort. The three established risk scores to predict PAH outcomes yielded similar results with reasonable discrimination of mortality in the different risk strata (all p < 0.001). Hispanic patients with PAH have a high mortality rate. Our analysis suggests that guideline proposed risk assessment at baseline yields important prognostic information in this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kahtan Fadah
- Department of Internal MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Jose B. Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Haider Alkhateeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Hernando Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care MedicineMount Sinai Medical CenterMiami BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Dan Schuller
- Department of Internal MedicineTexas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso‐ TransmountainEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Khan O. Mohammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Seton Medical CenterUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Sandeep Sahay
- Houston Methodist Hospital Lung CenterHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Nils P. Nickel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adebayo A, Varzideh F, Wilson S, Gambardella J, Eacobacci M, Jankauskas SS, Donkor K, Kansakar U, Trimarco V, Mone P, Lombardi A, Santulli G. l-Arginine and COVID-19: An Update. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113951. [PMID: 34836206 PMCID: PMC8619186 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Arginine is involved in many different biological processes and recent reports indicate that it could also play a crucial role in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we present an updated systematic overview of the current evidence on the functional contribution of L-Arginine in COVID-19, describing its actions on endothelial cells and the immune system and discussing its potential as a therapeutic tool, emerged from recent clinical experimentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayobami Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Eacobacci
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kwame Donkor
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University and International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, 80100 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammad JA, Fathi ZH, Allwash TA. Assessment the effects of insulin on adiponectin, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase and lipid profile in type 1 diabetic patients. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e63449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is well recognized risk factor cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insulin therapy is recommended for all patients with type 1 diabetes. Previous findings showed that diabetes impairs endothelial function and increased glucose level reduces nitric oxide (NO) output and increases myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. However, adiponectin (APN) decreases serum glucose levels. The current study evaluated effects of insulin therapy on circulating levels of oxidative stress and CVD biomarkers like NO, APN, MPO, AIP and lipid profile in type 1 diabetic patients. Fifty patients with T1DM and 18 healthy people were enrolled in this study. The recruited people with T1DM were classified into two groups: 22 newly diagnosed (untreated) type 1 diabetic patients and 28 insulin treated patients. In all groups, circulating NO, APN, MPO, AIP and lipids levels were measured. Compared to control, untreated diabetes revealed a significant increase in the serum levels of APN, MPO, TG, VLDL, TC, LDL and AIP, with a marked reduction in NO and HDL levels. However, insulin therapy significantly lowered MPO, TC and LDL, with no significant changes in the other biochemical parameters. As expected, oxidative stress and CVD-associated markers were significantly increased in untreated diabetes. Insulin therapy exhibited a relatively positive effect on oxidative stress and CVD biomarkers. Accordingly, insulin plus antioxidant supplementation required to normalize these parameters.
Collapse
|
5
|
Raper MJ, McDonald S, Johnston C, Isler C, Newton E, Kuehn D, Collier D, Broskey NT, Muldrow A, May LE. The influence of exercise during pregnancy on racial/ethnic health disparities and birth outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 33771102 PMCID: PMC8004415 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-Hispanic black (NHB) pregnant women disproportionately experience adverse birth outcomes compared to Non-Hispanic white (NHW) pregnant women. The positive effects of prenatal exercise on maternal and neonatal health may mitigate these disparities. This study evaluated the influence of prenatal exercise on racial/ethnic disparities in gestational age (GA), birthweight (BW), and risks of preterm birth (PTB), cesarean section (CS), and low-birthweight (LBW) neonates. Methods This study performed a secondary data analysis using data from a 24-week, two-arm exercise intervention trial (ENHANCED by Mom). Women with singleton pregnancies (< 16 weeks), aged 18–40 years, BMI between 18.5–34.99 kg/m2, and no preexisting health conditions were eligible. The aerobic exercisers (EX) participated in 150 min of moderate-intensity weekly exercise while non-exercising controls (CON) attended low-intensity stretching/breathing sessions. Data on GA, PTB (< 37 weeks), BW, LBW (< 2.5 kg), and delivery mode were collected. Poisson, median and linear regressions were performed. Results Participants with complete data (n = 125) were eligible for analyses (EX: n = 58, CON: n = 67). NHB pregnant women delivered lighter neonates (β = − 0.43 kg, 95% CI: − 0.68, − 0.18, p = 0.001). After adjusting for prenatal exercise, racial/ethnic disparities in BW were reduced (β = − 0.39 kg, 95% CI: − 0.65, − 0.13, p = 0.004). Prenatal exercise reduced borderline significant racial/ethnic disparities in PTB (p = 0.053) and GA (p = 0.07) with no effects found for CS and LBW. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate that prenatal exercise may attenuate the racial/ethnic disparities observed in neonatal BW, and possibly GA and PTB. Larger, diverse samples and inclusion of maternal biomarkers (e.g., cytokines) are encouraged to further evaluate these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madigan J Raper
- Department of Business, East Carolina University (ECU), 1851 MacGregor Downs Rd, MS#701, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Samantha McDonald
- Department of Kinesiology and Recreation, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Carol Johnston
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Christy Isler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Edward Newton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Devon Kuehn
- Department of Pediatrics, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Linda E May
- Department of Kinesiology, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Department of Human Development and Family Science, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jeong JH, Brown ML, Kapuku G, Harshfield GA, Park J. α-Adrenergic receptor blockade attenuates pressor response during mental stress in young black adults. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14642. [PMID: 33356011 PMCID: PMC7757373 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Black individuals exhibit increased blood pressure (BP) responses to sympathetic stimulation that are associated with an increased risk of hypertension (HTN). We tested the hypothesis that α1 -adrenergic blockade inhibits the increased BP response during and after 45-min stress in young normotensive Black adults, which may be mediated, in part, by dampened vasoconstriction and decreased renal sodium retention. Utilizing a double-masked randomized, crossover study design, 51 normotensive Black adults (31 ± 8 yr) were treated with either a placebo or 1 mg/day of prazosin for 1 week. On the final day of each treatment, hemodynamic measures and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) were collected before (Rest), during (Stress) and after (Recovery) 45 min of mental stress induced via a competitive video game task. During the Stress period, diastolic BP and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were significantly lower with prazosin compared to placebo (p < .05 for both). Similarly, we observed lower systolic BP, diastolic BP, and TPR during the Recovery period with prazosin versus placebo (p < .05 for both). There was no effect of prazosin on stress-associated UNaV. The change in systolic BP from Rest to Recovery was positively associated with the change in TPR with both treatments (p < .05 for both). In summary, prazosin treatment dampened BP reactivity to 45-min mental stress and lowered post-stress BP over the recovery period, which was linked to reduce TPR in young normotensive Black adults. These results suggest that α1 -adrenergic receptor activity may contribute to BP responses and delayed BP recovery to prolonged mental stress through increased vasoconstriction in Black adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Jeong
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA
- Division of Renal MedicineDepartment of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care SystemDecaturGAUSA
| | - Michelle L. Brown
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA
| | - Gaston Kapuku
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA
| | - Gregory A. Harshfield
- Department of MedicineGeorgia Prevention InstituteMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA
| | - Jeanie Park
- Division of Renal MedicineDepartment of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care SystemDecaturGAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brothers RM, Stephens BY, Akins JD, Fadel PJ. Influence of sex on heightened vasoconstrictor mechanisms in the non-Hispanic black population. FASEB J 2020; 34:14073-14082. [PMID: 32949436 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001405r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects individuals of all races and ethnicities; however, its prevalence is highest in non-Hispanic black individuals (BL) relative to other populations. While previous research has provided valuable insight into elevated CVD risk in the BL population, this work has been almost exclusively conducted in men. This is alarming given that BL women suffer from CVD at an equivalent rate to BL men and each has a greater prevalence when compared to all other ethnicities, regardless of sex. The importance of investigating sex differences in mechanisms of cardiovascular function is highlighted by the National Institute of Health requiring sex to be considered as a biological variable in research studies to better our "understanding of key sex influences on health processes and outcomes." The mechanism(s) responsible for the elevated CVD risk in BL women remains unclear and is likely multifactorial. Limited studies in BL women suggest that, while impaired vasodilator capacity is involved, heightened vasoconstrictor tone and/or responsiveness may also contribute. Within this mini-review, we will discuss potential mechanisms of elevated rates of hypertension and other CVDs in BL individuals with a particular focus on young, otherwise healthy, college-aged women. To stimulate academic thought and future research, we will also discuss potential mechanisms for impaired vascular function in BL women, as well as possible divergent mechanisms between BL men and women based on either preliminary data or plausible speculation extending from findings in the existing literature. Last, we will conclude with potential future research directions aimed at better understanding the elevated risk for hypertension and CVD in BL women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D Akins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jung MH, Shin ES, Ihm SH, Jung JG, Lee HY, Kim CH. The effect of alcohol dose on the development of hypertension in Asian and Western men: systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:906-916. [PMID: 31795024 PMCID: PMC7373951 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There are inconsistencies in the effects of low to moderate dose alcohol consumption on the development of hypertension in adult men. We hypothesized that a region-specific effect might participate in this heterogeneity. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of alcohol dose on hypertension incidence using contemporary data through December 2017. Subjects were categorized according to their level of alcohol consumption as non-drinkers (reference) and low- (0.01 to 20.0 g/day), moderate- (20.1 to 40.0 g/day), moderate- to high- (40.1 to 60.0 g/day), and high-dose (> 60.0 g/day) drinkers. We defined hypertension as a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or the use of anti-hypertensive drugs. RESULTS In total, 11 articles (seven Asian and four Western) were selected for our analysis. Among Asian men, a significantly elevated risk was observed even in the low alcohol dose group in comparison with the group with no alcohol consumption, and the risk increased in a dose-dependent manner (pooled relative risks [95% confidence intervals (CI)]: 1.25 [1.13 to 1.38], 1.48 [1.27 to 1.72], 1.75 [1.43 to 2.15], and 1.78 [1.51 to 2.09]). Among Western men, a similar dose-response relationship was noted in general (p for subgroup difference > 0.1), but a significantly elevated risk was evident only in the high-dose group (pooled relative risks [95% CI]: 1.22 [0.85 to 1.74], 1.57 [0.90 to 2.75], 1.47 [0.44 to 4.91], and 1.49 [1.02 to 2.18]). CONCLUSION Even low doses of alcohol can lead to the development of hypertension, particularly in Asian men. Our findings could serve as additional evidence for developing an appropriate preventive strategy in each region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyang Jung
- Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ein-Soon Shin
- Research Agency for Clinical Practice Guidelines, KAMS Research Center, Korean Academy of Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Sang-Hyun Ihm, M.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14647, Korea Tel: +82-32-340-7027, Fax: +82-32-340-2669, E-mail:
| | - Jin-Gyu Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on the antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:847-857. [PMID: 32048541 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1729446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats.Hypertension was induced in rats by oral administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg per day). Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of losartan were evaluated without and with herbal treatment in hypertensive rats.Treatment of hypertensive rats with investigated herbs substantially reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of rats. Treatment of rats (n = 5) with L-NAME plus H. sabdariffa plus losartan and L-NAME plus Z. officinale plus losartan reduced SBP by 16.20% and 14.88% and DBP by 14.82% and 17.52% respectively after 12 h, as compared to L-NAME alone treated rats. In a pharmacokinetic study, the Cmax and AUC0-t of losartan in L-NAME plus H. sabdariffa plus losartan and L-NAME plus Z. officinale plus losartan treated rats was increased by 0.7, 1.99 and 1.51, 3.00 fold respectively in comparison to the Cmax and AUC0-t obtained for L-NAME plus losartan treated group. In conclusion, both the investigated herbs significantly increased the antihypertensive effect and plasma concentration of losartan in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. The current study predicted that the herb-drug interaction between H. sabdariffa-losartan and Z. officinale-losartan could occur; hence these results in rats may warrant further studies in humans, either in humans or in in vitro human liver microsomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong BJ, Turner CG, Miller JT, Walker DC, Sebeh Y, Hayat MJ, Otis JS, Quyyumi AA. Sensory nerve-mediated and nitric oxide-dependent cutaneous vasodilation in normotensive and prehypertensive non-Hispanic blacks and whites. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H271-H281. [PMID: 32559139 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00177.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of race and subclinical elevations in blood pressure (i.e., prehypertension) on cutaneous sensory nerve-mediated and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation. We recruited participants who self-identified as either non-Hispanic black (n = 16) or non-Hispanic white (n = 16). Within each group, participants were subdivided as either normotensive (n = 8 per group) or prehypertensive (n = 8 per group). Each participant was instrumented with four intradermal microdialysis fibers: 1) control (lactated Ringer's), 2) 5% lidocaine (sensory nerve inhibition), 3) 20 mM Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (NO synthase inhibition), and 4) lidocaine + l-NAME. Skin blood flow was assessed via laser-Doppler flowmetry, and each site underwent local heating from 33°C to 39°C. At the plateau, 20 mM l-NAME were infused at control and lidocaine sites to quantify NO-dependent vasodilation. Maximal vasodilation was induced via 54 mM sodium nitroprusside and local heating to 43°C. Data are means ± SD. Sensory nerve-mediated cutaneous vasodilation was reduced in prehypertensive non-Hispanic white (34 ± 7%) and both non-Hispanic black groups (normotensive, 20 ± 9%, prehypertensive, 24 ± 15%) relative to normotensive non-Hispanic whites (54 ± 12%). NO-dependent vasodilation was also reduced in prehypertensive non-Hispanic white (41 ± 7%) and both non-Hispanic black groups (normotensive, 44 ± 7%, prehypertensive, 19 ± 7%) relative to normotensive non-Hispanic whites (60 ± 11%). The decrease in NO-dependent vasodilation in prehypertensive non-Hispanic blacks was further reduced relative to all other groups. These data suggest subclinical increases in blood pressure adversely affect sensory-mediated and NO-dependent vasodilation in both non-Hispanic blacks and whites.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Overt hypertension is known to reduce cutaneous sensory nerve-mediated and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation, but the effect of subclinical increases in blood pressure (i.e., prehypertension) is unknown. The combined effect of race and prehypertension is also unknown. In this study, we found that prehypertension reduces cutaneous sensory nerve-mediated and NO-dependent vasodilation in both non-Hispanic white and black populations, with the greatest reductions observed in prehypertensive non-Hispanic blacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Casey G Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James T Miller
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Demetria C Walker
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yesser Sebeh
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J Hayat
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey S Otis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu ZH, Tang Y, Niu X, Sun HY. The role of nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: a meta-analysis. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:9-16. [PMID: 32399702 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is unclear. Several studies have suggested that CVD may be caused by oxidative stress from chronic intermittent hypoxia and associated vascular endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress in patients with OSA can induce endothelial cell apoptosis, aggravate vascular endothelial damage, and promote the expression of redox-sensitive genes and adhesion molecules. No meta-analysis has explored whether or not OSA is related to nitric oxide (NO). METHOD To assess the association between serum/plasma NO levels and OSA, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature on the subject to grade the strength of evidence. RESULTS OSA was significantly related to decreased serum or plasma NO levels (WMD = - 11.66, 95% CI - 17.21 to - 6.11; P < 0.01). Among the studies analyzed, there was high degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 79%, P < 0.01). Sensitivity analysis showed that after omitting any single study or converting a random effects model (REM) to a fixed effects model (FEM), the main results still held. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests a strong correlation between OSA and serum or plasma NO levels which may explain the link between intermittent hypoxia of OSA and risk of CVD. The strength of this finding may spur further basic and clinical research into vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xun Niu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Muia CM, McGarr GW, Schmidt MD, Fujii N, Amano T, Kenny GP. Contribution of nitric oxide synthase to cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in men of black-African and Caucasian descent during exercise in the heat. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1762-1768. [PMID: 31609035 DOI: 10.1113/ep088115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Nitric oxide modulates cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating during exercise-induced heat stress in young men. However, it remains uncertain whether these effects are reduced in black-African descendants, who commonly demonstrate reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Therefore, we assessed whether black-African descendants display reduced nitric oxide-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating compared with Caucasians in these conditions. What is the main finding and its importance? Nitric oxide-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating were similar between groups, indicating that reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in black-African descendants does not attenuate these heat-loss responses during an exercise-induced heat stress. ABSTRACT Men of black-African descent are at an increased risk of heat-related illness relative to their Caucasian counterparts. This might be attributable, in part, to reduced cutaneous nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in this population, which might alter local cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating. To evaluate this, we compared these heat-loss responses in young men (18-30 years of age) of black-African (n = 10) and Caucasian (n = 10) descent during rest, exercise and recovery in the heat. Participants were matched for physical characteristics and fitness, and they were all born and raised in the same temperate environment (i.e. Canada; second generation and higher). Both groups rested for 10 min and then performed 50 min of moderate-intensity exercise at 200 W m-2 , followed by 30 min of recovery in hot, dry heat (35°C, 20% relative humidity). Local cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC%max ) and sweat rate (SR) were measured at two forearm skin sites treated with either lactated Ringer solution (control) or 10 mm NG -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor). l-NAME significantly reduced CVC%max throughout rest, exercise and recovery in both groups (both P < 0.001). However, there were no significant main effects for the contribution of NO to CVC%max between groups (all P > 0.500). l-NAME significantly reduced local SR in both groups (both P < 0.050). The contribution of NO to SR was similar between groups such that l-NAME reduced SR relative to control at 40 and 50 min into exercise (both P < 0.05). We demonstrate that ethnicity per se does not influence NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in healthy young men of black-African and Caucasian descent during exercise in dry heat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Muia
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory W McGarr
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Madison D Schmidt
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brothers RM, Fadel PJ, Keller DM. Racial disparities in cardiovascular disease risk: mechanisms of vascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H777-H789. [PMID: 31397168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00126.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for a third of all deaths in the United States making it the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although CVD affects individuals of all races/ethnicities, the prevalence of CVD is highest in non-Hispanic black (BL) individuals relative to other populations. The mechanism(s) responsible for elevated CVD risk in the BL population remains incompletely understood. However, impaired vascular vasodilator capacity and exaggerated vascular vasoconstrictor responsiveness are likely contributing factors, both of which are present even in young, otherwise healthy BL individuals. Within this review, we highlight some historical and recent data, collected from our laboratories, of impaired vascular function, in terms of reduced vasodilator capacity and heightened vasoconstrictor responsiveness, in the peripheral and cerebral circulations in BL individuals. We provide data that such impairments may be related to elevated oxidative stress and subsequent reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability. In addition, divergent mechanisms of impaired vasodilatory capacity between BL men and women are discussed. Finally, we propose several directions where future research is needed to fill in knowledge gaps, which will allow for better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to impaired vascular function in this population. Ultimately, this information will allow for better lifestyle and therapeutic approaches to be implemented in an effort to minimize the increased CVD burden in the BL population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Matthew Brothers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - David M Keller
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brewster LM, van Montfrans GA. Renin and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy in African Ancestry Patients. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:617-619. [PMID: 30944923 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lizzy M Brewster
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Creatine Kinase Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert A van Montfrans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Noubiap JJ, Bigna JJ, Nyaga UF, Jingi AM, Kaze AD, Nansseu JR, Fokom Domgue J. The burden of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:479-488. [PMID: 30848083 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings. Little is known about the magnitude of HDP in Africa. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize available data on the prevalence of HDP in Africa. We did a comprehensive literature search to identify review paper published from January 1, 1996, to September 30, 2017, and searched the reference list of retrieved review paper. We used a random-effects model to estimate the overall and type-specific prevalence of HDP in Africa. We included 82 studies published between 1997 and 2017 reporting data on a pooled sample of 854 304 women during pregnancy or puerperium. Most studies were hospital-based, conducted in urban settings across 24 countries. In this population, the overall prevalence of HDP was 100.4‰ (95% CI: 81.4-121.2). The prevalence was 49.8‰ (95% CI: 32.3-70.7) for gestational hypertension, 14.7‰ (95% CI: 11.6-18.2) for chronic hypertension, 9.2‰ (95% CI: 4.2-16.0) for superimposed preeclampsia, 44.0‰ (95% CI: 36.7-52.0) for preeclampsia, 22.1‰ (95% CI: 14.8-30.8) for severe preeclampsia, 14.7‰ (95% CI: 8.1-23.2) for eclampsia and 2.2‰ (95% CI: 1.2-3.4) for HELLP syndrome. Prevalence of HDP was significantly higher in Central and Western Africa; there was a consistent tendency of increasing HDP prevalence with income at the country level. In conclusion, the burden of HDP in Africa is high, with about one in 10 pregnancies affected. The higher rate of severe forms of HDP that are associated with significant maternal and perinatal mortality is a major concern in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jean Joel Bigna
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ulrich Flore Nyaga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ahmadou M Jingi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Arnaud D Kaze
- University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jobert Richie Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joël Fokom Domgue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tata CM, Sewani-Rusike CR, Oyedeji OO, Gwebu ET, Mahlakata F, Nkeh-Chungag BN. Antihypertensive effects of the hydro-ethanol extract of Senecio serratuloides DC in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:52. [PMID: 30819180 PMCID: PMC6394053 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senecio serratuloides DC is used in folk medicine for treating hypertension, skin disorders, internal and external sores, rashes, burns and wounds. This study aimed at investigating the antihypertensive effects of the hydroethanol extract of S. serratuloides (HESS) in N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertension in rats. METHODS Acute toxicity of HESS was first determined to provide guidance on doses to be used in this study. Lorke's method was used to determine safety of the extract in mice. Female Wistar rats were treated orally once daily with L-NAME (40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and then concomitantly with L-NAME (20 mg/kg) and plant extract (150 and 300 mg/kg), captopril (20 mg/kg) or saline as per assigned group for 2 weeks followed by a 2-week period of assigned treatments only. Blood pressure was monitored weekly. Lipid profile, nitric oxide, renin and angiotensin II concentrations were determined in serum while mineralocorticoid receptor concentration was quantified in the kidney homogenate. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was determined in serum and cardiac histology performed. RESULTS HESS was found to be non-toxic, having a LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. Blood pressure increased progressively in all animals from the second week of L-NAME treatment. HESS treatment significantly and dose-dependently lowered systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.01) and triglycerides (p < 0.01). It significantly prevented L-NAME induced decrease in serum angiotensin II (p < 0.01), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001) and serum nitric oxide concentrations (p < 0.001). HESS also significantly (p < 0.01) prevented collagen deposition in cardiac tissue. CONCLUSION The hydro-ethanol extract of Senecio serratuloides showed antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects in rats thus confirming its usefulness in traditional antihypertensive therapy and potential for antihypertensive drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mungho Tata
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, 5117 South Africa
| | | | - Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, PBX1314, Alice, Eastern Cape Province 5700 South Africa
| | - Ephraim Tobela Gwebu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rusangu University, Monze, Zambia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Vitamin D⁻Folate Hypothesis as an Evolutionary Model for Skin Pigmentation: An Update and Integration of Current Ideas. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050554. [PMID: 29710859 PMCID: PMC5986434 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is unique in being generated in our skin following ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Ongoing research into vitamin D must therefore always consider the influence of UVR on vitamin D processes. The close relationship between vitamin D and UVR forms the basis of the “vitamin D–folate hypothesis”, a popular theory for why human skin colour has evolved as an apparent adaption to UVR environments. Vitamin D and folate have disparate sensitivities to UVR; whilst vitamin D may be synthesised following UVR exposure, folate may be degraded. The vitamin D–folate hypothesis proposes that skin pigmentation has evolved as a balancing mechanism, maintaining levels of these vitamins. There are several alternative theories that counter the vitamin D–folate hypothesis. However, there is significant overlap between these theories and the now known actions of vitamin D and folate in the skin. The focus of this review is to present an update on the vitamin D–folate hypothesis by integrating these current theories and discussing new evidence that supports associations between vitamin D and folate genetics, UVR, and skin pigmentation. In light of recent human migrations and seasonality in disease, the need for ongoing research into potential UVR-responsive processes within the body is also discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rajpal S, Katikaneni P, Deshotels M, Pardue S, Glawe J, Shen X, Akkus N, Modi K, Bhandari R, Dominic P, Reddy P, Kolluru GK, Kevil CG. Total sulfane sulfur bioavailability reflects ethnic and gender disparities in cardiovascular disease. Redox Biol 2018; 15:480-489. [PMID: 29413960 PMCID: PMC5975076 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important physiological and pathophysiological signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system influencing vascular tone, cytoprotective responses, redox reactions, vascular adaptation, and mitochondrial respiration. However, bioavailable levels of H2S in its various biochemical metabolite forms during clinical cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood. We performed a case-controlled study to quantify and compare the bioavailability of various biochemical forms of H2S in patients with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). In our study, we used the reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography monobromobimane assay to analytically measure bioavailable pools of H2S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified using DNA Pyrosequencing. We found that plasma acid labile sulfide levels were significantly reduced in Caucasian females with CVD compared with those without the disease. Conversely, plasma bound sulfane sulfur levels were significantly reduced in Caucasian males with CVD compared with those without the disease. Surprisingly, gender differences of H2S bioavailability were not observed in African Americans, although H2S bioavailability was significantly lower overall in this ethnic group compared to Caucasians. We also performed SNP analysis of H2S synthesizing enzymes and found a significant increase in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) 1364 G-T allele frequency in patients with CVD compared to controls. Lastly, plasma H2S bioavailability was found to be predictive for cardiovascular disease in Caucasian subjects as determined by receiver operator characteristic analysis. These findings reveal that plasma H2S bioavailability could be considered a biomarker for CVD in an ethnic and gender manner. Cystathionine gamma-lyase 1346 G-T SNP might also contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease development. Baseline plasma sulfide metabolite levels are significantly different in an ethnic dependent manner. Reductions in sulfide metabolites are predictive of cardiovascular disease in an ethnic dependent manner. Differences in acid labile versus bound sulfane sulfur metabolites during cardiovascular disease are gender dependent. Single nucleotide polymorphism of CTH 1364 G>T is significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Rajpal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Cardiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pavan Katikaneni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Matthew Deshotels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sibile Pardue
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John Glawe
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Nuri Akkus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Kalgi Modi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ruchi Bhandari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Paari Dominic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Pratap Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Gopi K Kolluru
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW African Americans are over-burdened with hypertension resulting in excess morbidity and mortality. We highlight the health impact of hypertension in this population, review important observations regarding disease pathogenesis, and outline evidence-based treatment, current treatment guidelines, and management approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension accounts for 50% of the racial differences in mortality between Blacks and Whites in the USA. Genome-wide association studies have not clearly identified distinct genetic causes for the excess burden in this population as yet. Pathophysiology is complex likely involving interaction of genetic, biological, and social factors prevalent among African Americans. Non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy is required and specific treatment guidelines for this population are varied. Combination therapy is most often necessary and single-pill formulations are most successful in achieving BP targets. Racial health disparities related to hypertension in African Americans are a serious public health concern that warrants greater attention. Multi-disciplinary research to understand the inter-relationship between biological and social factors is needed to guide successful treatments. Comprehensive care strategies are required to successfully address and eliminate the hypertension burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nomsa Musemwa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Temple University School of Medicine, Kresge West, Suite 100, 3440 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Crystal A Gadegbeku
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Temple University School of Medicine, Kresge West, Suite 100, 3440 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effect of oxidative stress on racial differences in vascular function at rest and during hand grip exercise. J Hypertens 2017; 35:2006-2015. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
21
|
Goyal P, Paul T, Almarzooq ZI, Peterson JC, Krishnan U, Swaminathan RV, Feldman DN, Wells MT, Karas MG, Sobol I, Maurer MS, Horn EM, Kim LK. Sex- and Race-Related Differences in Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalizations for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.003330. [PMID: 28356281 PMCID: PMC5532983 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Sex and race have emerged as important contributors to the phenotypic heterogeneity of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, there remains a need to identify important sex‐ and race‐related differences in characteristics and outcomes using a nationally representative cohort. Methods and Results Data were obtained from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project—Nationwide Inpatient Sample files between 2008 and 2012. Hospitalizations with a diagnosis of HFpEF were included for analysis. Demographics, hospital characteristics, and age‐adjusted comorbidity prevalence rates were compared between men and women and whites and blacks. In‐hospital mortality was determined and compared for each subgroup. Multivariable regression analyses were used to identify and compare correlates of in‐hospital mortality for each subgroup. A sample of 1 889 608 hospitalizations was analyzed. Men with HFpEF were slightly younger than women with HFpEF and had a higher Elixhauser comorbidity score. Men experienced higher in‐hospital mortality compared with women, a finding that was attenuated after adjusting for comorbidity. Blacks with HFpEF were younger than whites with HFpEF, with lower rates of most comorbidities. Hypertension, diabetes, anemia, and chronic renal failure were more common among blacks. Blacks experienced lower in‐hospital mortality compared with whites, even after adjusting for age and comorbidity. Important correlates of mortality among all 4 subgroups included pulmonary circulation disorders, liver disease, and chronic renal failure. Atrial fibrillation was an important correlate of mortality only among women and blacks. Conclusions Differences in patient characteristics and outcomes reinforce the notion that sex and race contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parag Goyal
- Division of Cardiology/Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY .,Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluative Sciences Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Tracy Paul
- Division of Cardiology/Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Zaid I Almarzooq
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Janey C Peterson
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluative Sciences Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Udhay Krishnan
- Division of Cardiology/Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - Dmitriy N Feldman
- Division of Cardiology/Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Martin T Wells
- Departments of Statistical Science and Social Statistics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Maria G Karas
- Division of Cardiology/Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Irina Sobol
- Division of Cardiology/Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Care, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Evelyn M Horn
- Division of Cardiology/Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Luke K Kim
- Division of Cardiology/Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Assmann TS, Brondani LA, Bouças AP, Rheinheimer J, de Souza BM, Canani LH, Bauer AC, Crispim D. Nitric oxide levels in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nitric Oxide 2016; 61:1-9. [PMID: 27677584 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered serum nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been reported by different studies; however, results are still controversial. Until this date, no meta-analysis evaluated the association of NO levels with DM. Thus, this paper describes a meta-analysis conducted to evaluate if there is a relationship between NO levels and type 1 DM (T1DM) or type 2 DM (T2DM). METHODS A literature search was done to identify all studies that investigated NO levels between T1DM or T2DM patients (cases) and non-diabetic subjects (controls). Measurement of nitrate and nitrite (NOx - the stable NO products) were used to estimate NO concentrations because they closely reflect NO bioavailability. Weighted mean differences (WMD) of NOx levels between case and control samples were calculated for T1DM and T2DM groups. RESULTS Thirty studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis (8 in T1DM samples and 22 in T2DM samples). NOx levels were increased in European T1DM patients compared with controls [random effect model (REM) WMD = 8.55, 95% CI 2.88 - 14.21]. No other ethnicity was evaluated in T1DM studies. NOx levels were also increased in both European (REM WMD = 18.76, 95% CI 1.67 - 35.85) and Asian (REM WMD = 18.41, 95% CI 8.01 - 28.81) T2DM patients, but not in Latin American patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis detected a significant increase in NOx levels in European T1DM patients as well as European and Asian T2DM patients. Further studies in other ethnicities are necessary to confirm these data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taís S Assmann
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia A Brondani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Bouças
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Rheinheimer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca M de Souza
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís H Canani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Bauer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Race/ethnicity determines the relationships between oxidative stress markers and blood pressure in individuals with high cardiovascular disease risk. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 31:70-75. [PMID: 27306086 PMCID: PMC5143227 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and cardiovascular (CV) reactivity are related to CV morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the relationships between these CV risk factors and their confounders. We hypothesize that higher OS is linked to higher blood pressure (BP) reactivity to acute laboratory stressors and in the natural setting. We studied 137 subjects with a family history of hypertension and early myocardial infarction. There were 63 European Americans (EAs) (38 males) and 74 African Americans (AAs) (35 males), aged 19-36 (27.6±3.1). The protocol included a competitive video game, cold stressor and ambulatory BP recording. Blood samples were drawn six times for OS markers (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-Isoprostane) assay. Repeated measures analyses of covariance were used to test for mean differences and Pearson correlations were used to test OS and BP associations. There were no significant race/ethnicity differences in BP reactivity to either stressor (both P's>0.48). 8-OHdG levels were significantly lower across all time points for AAs than for EAs (P<0.05), while levels of 8-isoprostane did not differ significantly (P>0.10). Averaged 8-OHdG levels significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity (r=0.45, <0.01) and 24-h, daytime and nighttime SBP (r range=0.37-0.42, all P's<0.02) for EAs but not for AAs, whereas 8-isoprostane levels were significantly correlated with reactive SBP and nighttime diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (both r's=0.38, P<0.01) for AAs but not for EAs. These findings suggest a link between OS and BP changes in subjects at high risk for CV disease (CVD). Further, race/ethnicity determines which OS marker will impact BP variation implying race/ethnicity differences in OS-related mechanisms of CVD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Gangula P, Ravella K, Chukkapalli S, Rivera M, Srinivasan S, Hale A, Channon K, Southerland J, Kesavalu L. Polybacterial Periodontal Pathogens Alter Vascular and Gut BH4/nNOS/NRF2-Phase II Enzyme Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129885. [PMID: 26111153 PMCID: PMC4482323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease and is associated with complex microbial infection in the subgingival cavity. Recently, American Heart Association supported a century old association between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease. We have recently shown that polybacterial periodontal infection led to aortic atherosclerosis and modulation of lipid profiles; however the underlying mechanism(s) has not been yet demonstrated. Altered nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for nitric oxide synthases (NOS) has long been shown to be associated with vascular dysfunction and gastrointestinal motility disorders. We sought to examine the mechanism of periodontal infection leading to altered vascular and gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation, focusing on the BH4/nNOS pathways. In addition, we also have investigated how the antioxidant system (NRF2-Phase II enzyme expression) in vascular and GI specimens is altered by oral infection. Eight week old male ApoEnull mice were either sham-infected or infected orally for 16 weeks with a mixture of major periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia to induce experimental periodontitis. Serum, vascular (mesenteric), stomach, and colon specimens were collected at the end of periodontal pathogen infection. Bacterial infection induced significant (p<0.05) reductions in the levels of BH4,in ratio of BH4:BH2+B and also in nitric oxide levels compared to sham-infected controls. In addition, we identified a significant (p<0.05) reduction in eNOS dimerization, nNOS dimerization and protein expression of BH4 biosynthesis enzymes; GCH-1, DHFR and NRF2 & Phase II enzymes in infected mice versus controls in both mesenteric artery and colon tissues. However, we found no differences in nNOS/BH4 protein expression in stomach tissues of infected and sham-infected mice. This suggests that a polybacterial infection can cause significant changes in the vascular and colonic BH4/nNOS/NRF2 pathways which might lead to impaired vascular relaxation and colonic motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pandu Gangula
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kalpana Ravella
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Sasanka Chukkapalli
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Rivera
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ashley Hale
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Channon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Southerland
- School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Lakshmyya Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vascular responses of the extremities to transdermal application of vasoactive agents in Caucasian and African descent individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1801-11. [PMID: 25840674 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals of African descent (AFD) are more susceptible to non-freezing cold injury than Caucasians (CAU) which may be due, in part, to differences in the control of skin blood flow. We investigated the skin blood flow responses to transdermal application of vasoactive agents. METHODS Twenty-four young males (12 CAU and 12 AFD) undertook three tests in which iontophoresis was used to apply acetylcholine (ACh 1 w/v %), sodium nitroprusside (SNP 0.01 w/v %) and noradrenaline (NA 0.5 mM) to the skin. The skin sites tested were: volar forearm, non-glabrous finger and toe, and glabrous finger (pad) and toe (pad). RESULTS In response to SNP on the forearm, AFD had less vasodilatation for a given current application than CAU (P = 0.027-0.004). ACh evoked less vasodilatation in AFD for a given application current in the non-glabrous finger and toe compared with CAU (P = 0.043-0.014) with a lower maximum vasodilatation in the non-glabrous finger (median [interquartile], AFD n = 11, 41[234] %, CAU n = 12, 351[451] %, P = 0.011) and non-glabrous toe (median [interquartile], AFD n = 9, 116[318] %, CAU n = 12, 484[720] %, P = 0.018). ACh and SNP did not elicit vasodilatation in the glabrous skin sites of either group. There were no ethnic differences in response to NA. CONCLUSION AFD have an attenuated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in non-glabrous sites of the fingers and toes compared with CAU. This may contribute to lower skin temperature following cold exposure and the increased risk of cold injuries experienced by AFD.
Collapse
|
26
|
Petrofsky J, Alshammari F, Khowailed IA, Rodrigues S, Potnis P, Akerkar S, Shah J, Chung G, Save R. The effect of acute administration of vitamin D on micro vascular endothelial function in Caucasians and South Asian Indians. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:641-7. [PMID: 23917403 PMCID: PMC3739600 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is a modulator of the immune system. There is some limited evidence that it also increases local blood flow in response to stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, we examined 20 age matched subjects; 10 whom were from India and 10 Caucasians from the United States. Subjects were administered 4000 IU of Vitamin D3 for 3 weeks at breakfast. The function of the endothelial cells was evaluated in 2 ways; first, the response to 4 minutes of vascular occlusion was measured with a laser Doppler flow meter and second, the blood flow response to local heat at 42°C for 6 minutes. RESULTS The results of the experiments showed that, as reported previously, the endothelial function in people from India was less than their Caucasian counterparts. The blood flow response to heat was reduced after 3 weeks administration of vitamin D in both groups and the response to vascular occlusion in the Caucasian group. But there was only a 20% reduction in the blood flow response to heat in the Caucasian group and a 50% reduction in the group from India. CONCLUSIONS Thus acute doses of vitamin D may increase vascular tone and reduce blood flow to tissue during stressors. Dosages administered for a longer duration may have beneficial effects on endothelial function but this was not examined here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold Petrofsky
- Deptartment of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Magriples U, Boynton MH, Kershaw TS, Rising SS, Ickovics JR, Magriples U. Blood pressure changes during pregnancy: impact of race, body mass index, and weight gain. Am J Perinatol 2013; 30:415-24. [PMID: 23059493 PMCID: PMC3938313 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of race, body mass index (BMI), and weight gain on blood pressure in pregnancy and postpartum. STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis of pregnant women aged 14 to 25 who received prenatal care at a university-affiliated public clinic in New Haven, Connecticut and delivered singleton term infants (n = 418). Longitudinal multivariate analysis was used to evaluate blood pressure trajectories from pregnancy through 12 weeks postpartum. RESULTS Obese and overweight women had significantly higher blood pressure readings as compared with women with normal BMI (all p < 0.05). African American women who had high pregnancy weight gain had the greatest increase in mean arterial and diastolic blood pressures in pregnancy and postpartum. CONCLUSION Blood pressure trajectories in pregnancy and postpartum are significantly affected by race, BMI, and weight gain. Given the young age of this cohort, targeted efforts must be made for postpartum weight reduction to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urania Magriples
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Urania Magriples
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kanaya AM, Dobrosielski DA, Ganz P, Creasman J, Gupta R, Nelacanti V, Vogel-Claussen J, Herrington D. Glycemic associations with endothelial function and biomarkers among 5 ethnic groups: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e004283. [PMID: 23525433 PMCID: PMC3603246 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.004283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The association of prediabetic states with endothelial dysfunction measured by flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) or endothelial biomarker levels remains controversial. We examined data from 5 ethnic groups to determine the association between glucose categories and FMD or endothelial biomarkers. We determined whether these associations vary by ethnic group or body mass index. Methods and Results We used data from 3516 participants from 5 race/ethnic groups with brachial FMD, endothelial biomarkers, and glucose category (normal, impaired fasting glucose [IFG], and diabetes) measures. There were significant ethnic differences in FMD, biomarker levels, and the prevalence of IFG and diabetes. However, all 5 ethnic groups showed similar patterns of higher FMD for the IFG group compared with the normal glucose and diabetes groups, which was most significant among whites and Asian Indians. Associations between glucose categories and endothelial biomarkers were more uniform, with the IFG and diabetes groups having higher biomarker levels than the normal glucose group. These associations did not change with further adjustment for fasting insulin levels. Whites with normal BMI had higher FMD values with higher glucose levels, but those with BMI in the overweight or obese categories had the inverse association (P for interaction=0.01). Conclusions The discordance of IFG being associated with higher FMD but more abnormal endothelial biomarker levels is a novel finding. This higher FMD for the IFG group was most notable in whites of normal BMI. The higher FMD among those with impaired fasting glucose may reflect differences in insulin signaling pathways between the endothelium and skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alka M Kanaya
- University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0320, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Southerland JH, Moss K, Taylor GW, Beck JD, Pankow J, Gangula PR, Offenbacher S. Periodontitis and diabetes associations with measures of atherosclerosis and CHD. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:196-201. [PMID: 22440543 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes has been linked with more severe periodontal disease and with coronary heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to determine if periodontal infection was a significant modifier in the risk that diabetes poses for increased carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickness (IMT) and more advanced atheroma lesions as reflected in atherosclerotic plaque calcification measured by acoustic shadowing. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparisons for analyses of cardiovascular outcomes were performed based upon periodontitis and diabetes status. Periodontitis was measured using pocket depth and attachment loss at six sites per tooth. Cross-sectional data on 6048 persons aged 52-74 years were obtained from the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Participants without diabetes (n=5257) were compared to those with diabetes (n=791). Dependent variables were thick IMT (>1 mm), presence of acoustic shadowing, and prevalent CHD. All models were adjusted for the following covariates: gender, age, race/center, LDL and HDL cholesterol, BMI, triglycerides, hypertension, smoking, income and education. For multivariate model building, all non-normally distributed variables were transformed and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal infection, diabetes, and cardiovascular outcomes. Individuals with diabetes and with severe periodontitis were found to be significantly more likely to have IMT>1 mm [OR=2.2, (1.4-3.5)], acoustic shadowing [OR=2.5, (1.3-4.6)], and CHD [OR=2.6, (1.6-4.2)] compared to those without diabetes or periodontal disease. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that among people with diabetes, periodontal disease may increase the likelihood of subclinical atherosclerotic heart disease and CHD.
Collapse
|
30
|
Effect of intravenous hydralazine infusion on maternal plasma nitric oxide levels in gestations complicated with severe preeclampsia: a pilot study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285:1183-7. [PMID: 22258304 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of intravenous hydralazine infusion on maternal nitric oxide (NO) levels. METHODS This pilot study comprised 40 (n = 40) gestations complicated with severe preeclampsia to whom maternal plasma NO levels were determined by chemiluminescence before and after hydralazine administration. Blood pressure values were concomitantly assessed. RESULTS After 20 min of intravenous hydralazine infusion blood pressure values decrease significantly in term and preterm gestations. This was accompanied by an overall significant decrease in mean plasma NO values (38.7 ± 12.9 to 35.4 ± 13.9 μmol/L, p < 0.05). Despite this, NO values decreased in 67.5% of cases (a 17.6% from baseline) and increased in 32.5% (a 14.8% from baseline) (p < 0.05 for both). Blood pressure decrease (%) was lower (systolic and diastolic) among those displaying a NO decrement than in the increment group. Interestingly, gestational age was higher in the group displaying decreased NO; however, this did not reach statistical significance (37.5 ± 2.7 vs. 35.9 ± 2.8 weeks, p = 0.08). CONCLUSION The results of this study fail to demonstrate a similar NO secretion after hydralazine infusion in women with severe preeclampsia.
Collapse
|
31
|
Feairheller DL, Park JY, Sturgeon KM, Williamson ST, Diaz KM, Veerabhadrappa P, Brown MD. Racial differences in oxidative stress and inflammation: in vitro and in vivo. Clin Transl Sci 2011; 4:32-7. [PMID: 21348953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
African American race is an independent risk factor for enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. We sought to examine whether oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers that are typically measured in humans also differ by race in cell culture. We compared levels between African American and Caucasian young adults and then separately in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from both races. We found heightened oxidative stress and inflammation in the African Americans both in vitro and in vivo. African American HUVECs showed higher nitric oxide (NO) levels (10.8 ± 0.4 vs. 8.8 ± 0.7 μmol/L/mg, p = 0.03), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (61.7 ± 4.2 vs. 23.9 ± 9.0 pg/mg, p = 0.02), and lower superoxide dismutase activity (15.6 ± 3.3 vs. 25.4 ± 2.8 U/mg, p = 0.04), and also higher protein expression (p < 0.05) of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox, isoforms NOX2 and NOX4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), inducible NOS, as well as IL-6. African American adults had higher plasma protein carbonyls (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 nmol/mg, p = 0.01) and antioxidant capacity (2.3 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3 mM, p = 0.01). These preliminary translational data demonstrate a racial difference in HUVECs much like that in humans, but should be interpreted with caution given its preliminary nature. It is known that racial differences exist in how humans respond to development and progression of disease, therefore these data suggest that ethnicity of cell model may be important to consider with in vitro clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Feairheller
- Hypertension, Molecular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Billups KL, Miner MM, Wierzbicki AS, Jackson G. Gender-based cardiometabolic risk evaluation in minority and non-minority men grading the evidence of non-traditional determinants of cardiovascular risk. Int J Clin Pract 2011; 65:134-47. [PMID: 21199197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of cardiometabolic risk has become vital in primary prevention of adverse vascular events (coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke or congestive heart failure), particularly in younger middle-aged men (40-60 years old). To discern the prevalence of events in these men, clinicians often stratify cardiovascular risk and treat according to traditional Framingham risk criteria. Yet it is evident that the traditional Framingham risk assigned to intermediate- and low-risk men will miss several of these individuals deemed at high 'cardiometabolic risk', also known as residual cardiovascular risk. This review will elaborate the definition of cardiometabolic risk and apply the use of surrogate markers for cardiovascular risk stratification in men in addition to the traditional Framingham-based markers. It will utilise both gender non-specific and gender-specific determinants of cardiometabolic risk. Lastly, it will examine minority men's health and racial differences in these determinants of cardiovascular risk. This analysis includes an electronic literature search utilising PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases to clarify the level of evidence for the stepwise utility of novel biomarkers for cardiometabolic risk in the male patient. This manuscript generates discussion of the utility of markers of cardiometabolic risk stratification. The following questions are summarised: (i) Are there non-traditional tests that might define this risk better than traditional markers? (ii) Will treatment based on this risk assessment augment present risk stratification and lower cardiovascular risk? (iii) What is known regarding racial differences surrounding cardiometabolic risk assessment? Traditional risk factors including Framingham Risk Score underestimate the overall 10 year and lifetime risk for the intermediate-risk younger middle-aged men<60 years of age. This fact is especially true in the minority population. We have graded the evidence of non-gender specific and gender-specific markers of cardiometabolic risk, thereby, allowing greater clarification of risk in this population. The pragmatic use of these novel markers of cardiometabolic risk may help stratify those individuals at greater lifetime risk than that noted by the Framingham Risk Score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Billups
- University of Minnesota, and VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wei P, Milbauer LC, Enenstein J, Nguyen J, Pan W, Hebbel RP. Differential endothelial cell gene expression by African Americans versus Caucasian Americans: a possible contribution to health disparity in vascular disease and cancer. BMC Med 2011; 9:2. [PMID: 21223544 PMCID: PMC3029215 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health disparities and the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease continue to be perplexing worldwide health challenges. This study addresses the possibility that genetic differences affecting the biology of the vascular endothelium could be a factor contributing to the increased burden of cardiovascular disease and cancer among African Americans (AA) compared to Caucasian Americans (CA). METHODS From self-identified, healthy, 20 to 29-year-old AA (n = 21) and CA (n = 17), we established cultures of blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOEC) and applied microarray profiling. BOEC have never been exposed to in vivo influences, and their gene expression reflects culture conditions (meticulously controlled) and donor genetics. Significance Analysis of Microarray identified differential expression of single genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis examined expression of pre-determined gene sets that survey nine biological systems relevant to endothelial biology. RESULTS At the highly stringent threshold of False Discovery Rate (FDR) = 0, 31 single genes were differentially expressed in AA. PSPH exhibited the greatest fold-change (AA > CA), but this was entirely accounted for by a homolog (PSPHL) hidden within the PSPH probe set. Among other significantly different genes were: for AA > CA, SOS1, AMFR, FGFR3; and for AA < CA, ARVCF, BIN3, EIF4B. Many more (221 transcripts for 204 genes) were differentially expressed at the less stringent threshold of FDR <.05. Using the biological systems approach, we identified shear response biology as being significantly different for AA versus CA, showing an apparent tonic increase of expression (AA > CA) for 46/157 genes within that system. CONCLUSIONS Many of the genes implicated here have substantial roles in endothelial biology. Shear stress response, a critical regulator of endothelial function and vascular homeostasis, may be different between AA and CA. These results potentially have direct implications for the role of endothelial cells in vascular disease (hypertension, stroke) and cancer (via angiogenesis). Also, they are consistent with our over-arching hypothesis that genetic influences stemming from ancestral continent-of-origin could impact upon endothelial cell biology and thereby contribute to disparity of vascular-related disease burden among AA. The method used here could be productively employed to bridge the gap between information from structural genomics (for example, disease association) and cell function and pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Wei
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Best LG, Nadeau M, Bercier S, Dauphinais S, Davis J, Davis K, Poitra S, Anderson CM. Genetic variants, endothelial function, and risk of preeclampsia among American Indians. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 31:1-10. [PMID: 21174581 PMCID: PMC6097880 DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2010.525276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence in an American Indian population of genetic variants with putative effects on endothelial function and determine whether they are associated with preeclampsia. METHODS Five genetic polymorphisms potentially related to endothelial function in the NOS3, GNB3, and DDAH1 genes were genotyped from a total of 101 cases, 198 controls, and an additional 110 population-based controls among an American Indian population. RESULTS The minor allele frequencies for NOS3 (rs1799983, rs3918227), GNB3 (rs5442), and DDAH1 (rs10158674, rs233115) among those with and without PE in this population were 25, 10, 5, 11, and 30%, respectively. Although not statistically significant, the maximum risk associated with any of these SNPs was 2.22 (0.734-6.73, 95% CI, p = 0.156) in a multivariate analysis of the A allele of the rs233115 SNP incorporated in a recessive model. CONCLUSION Although endothelial dysfunction likely plays a role in the pathophysiology of PE, this study was unable to find evidence for an association between these five SNPs on three genes influencing endothelial function and PE. This may be due to insufficient power to detect an association, investigation of SNPs without linkage to risk of PE in this population or other factors. Investigation of additional SNPs in these or related genes and other populations seems warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyle G Best
- Department of Natural Sciences, Turtle Mountain Community College, Belcourt, ND, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Durrmeyer X, Hovhannisyan S, Médard Y, Jacqz-Aigrain E, Decobert F, Barre J, Alberti C, Aujard Y, Danan C, Baud O. Are cytochrome P450 CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms associated with ibuprofen response in very preterm infants? PLoS One 2010; 5:e12329. [PMID: 20808793 PMCID: PMC2925896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely preterm infants remains a challenging condition with conflicting treatment strategies. Ibuprofen is currently used to treat PDA with ductal closure failure rate up to 40%. We test the hypothesis that cytochrome P450 CYP2C8/2C9 polymorphisms may predict ibuprofen response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We studied extremely preterm neonates with haemodynamically significant PDA and treated with ibuprofen. One or two variant CYP2C8 and/or 2C9 alleles were found in 17% of the population, most of them were from Caucasian ethnicity (67-74%). Response to ibuprofen and clinical course of infants carrying variants CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 were similar. Comparing infants with wild type or variant CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 genotypes, response rate to ibuprofen was significantly higher in wild type than in mutated carriers in univariate analysis (73% versus 52%, p = 0.04). Comparing responders (ductus closure; n = 75) and non-responders (surgical ligation; n = 36), the only two factors significantly associated with the response to ibuprofen using multivariate analysis were higher gestational age and non Caucasian ethnicity but not CYP2C polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS CYP2C polymorphism was not associated with PDA response to ibuprofen and this factor appears not appropriate to optimize the ductal closure rate by modulating ibuprofen dosing strategy. This study points out the role for ethnicity in the interindividual variability of response to ibuprofen in extremely preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Durrmeyer
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CHI Créteil, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Shushanik Hovhannisyan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Yves Médard
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, CIC INSERM 9202, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, CIC INSERM 9202, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Decobert
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CHI Créteil, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Jérome Barre
- Clinical Researches Functional Unit, CHI Creteil, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Alberti
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, CIC-EC, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Aujard
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Claude Danan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CHI Créteil, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Baud
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUP, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Brewster LM, Taherzadeh Z, Volger S, Clark JF, Rolf T, Wolf H, Vanbavel E, van Montfrans GA. Ethnic differences in resistance artery contractility of normotensive pregnant women. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H431-6. [PMID: 20511407 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00919.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Black women are at a greater risk to develop hypertension during pregnancy, with a 4.5 times higher rate of fatal preeclampsia than white women. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that may affect this risk. Our group previously proposed that high activity of the central regulatory enzyme of energy metabolism, creatine kinase (CK), may increase ATP-buffering capacity and lead to enhanced vascular contractility and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Therefore, we assessed microvascular contractility characteristics in isolated resistance arteries from self-defined black and white normotensive pregnant women using a Mulvany-Halpern myograph. Additionally, morphology was assessed with electron microscopy. Resistance-sized arteries obtained from omentum donated during cesarean sections (11 black women and 20 white women, mean age: 34 yr) studied in series showed similar morphology but significantly greater maximum contractions to norepinephrine (10(-5) M) in blacks [14.0 mN (1.8 SE)] compared with whites [8.9 mN (1.4 SE), P = 0.02]. Furthermore, we found greater residual contractility after the specific CK inhibitor dinitrofluorobenzene (10(-6) M) in black women [55% (6 SE)] compared with white women [28% (4 SE), P = 0.001] and attenuated vasodilation after bradykinin (10(-7) M) in black women [103% (6 SE)] compared with white women [84% (5 SE), P = 0.023], whereas responses to sodium nitroprusside (10(-4) M) and amlodipine (10(-6) M) were similar. We conclude that compared with white women, normotensive pregnant black women display greater resistance artery contractility and evidence of higher vascular CK activity with attenuated nitric oxide synthesis. These findings in normotensives may imply that the black population is at risk for a further incline in pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Brewster
- Depts. of Internal and Vascular Medicine, F4-222, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hinds K, Stachenfeld NS. Greater orthostatic tolerance in young black compared with white women. Hypertension 2010; 56:75-81. [PMID: 20458005 PMCID: PMC2909588 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.150011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that orthostatic tolerance is higher in young, healthy black compared with white women. To determine orthostatic tolerance, 22 women (11 black and 11 white) underwent graded lower body negative pressure to presyncope. We measured blood pressure, heart rate, and R-R interval (ECG) continuously at baseline and through all of the levels of lower body negative pressure. Blood samples were taken at baseline along with presyncope for the measurement of plasma catecholamine concentrations, serum aldosterone concentration, and plasma renin activity. Cumulative stress index, the sum of the product of time and lower body negative pressure, was the indicator of orthostatic tolerance. Orthostatic tolerance in the black women was greater than in the white women [cumulative stress index: -1003 (375) versus -476 (197); P<0.05]. Although plasma concentrations of norepinephrine increased in both groups at presyncope, the increase was greater in black [Deltaplasma concentrations of norepinephrine: 167 (123)] versus white women [86 (64); P<0.05], as was the increase in PRA [DeltaPRA 2.6 (1.0) versus 0.6 (0.9) ng of angiotensin II x mL(-1) x h(-1); P<0.05, for black and white women, respectively). Although heart rate increased and R-R interval decreased to a greater extent during lower body negative pressure in black women compared with white women (ANOVA: P<0.05), baroreflex function (ie, slope R-R interval versus systolic blood pressure) was unaffected by race. These data indicate that orthostatic tolerance is greater in black compared with white women, which appears to be a function of greater sympathetic nervous system responses to orthostatic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumba Hinds
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sandrim VC, Palei ACT, Metzger IF, Cavalli RC, Duarte G, Tanus-Santos JE. Interethnic differences in ADMA concentrations and negative association with nitric oxide formation in preeclampsia. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1457-60. [PMID: 20570587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that impaired nitric oxide (NO) formation in preeclampsia may result from increased concentrations of an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor, the asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). However, no previous study has examined whether a negative association exists between ADMA and nitrite concentrations in preeclampsia. Moreover, no previous study has compared ADMA and nitrite levels in black and white preeclamptic pregnant women. METHODS We measured plasma nitrite concentrations using an ozone-based chemiluminescence assay, and plasma ADMA levels using enzyme immunoassays in 94 pregnant (47 healthy pregnant: 16 blacks and 31 whites; and 47 preeclamptic: 14 blacks and 33 whites). RESULTS We found higher ADMA (2.199 + or -0.016 micromol/l vs. 2.112 + or - 0.012 micromol/l; P<0.0001) and lower plasma nitrite levels (102 + or - 7.1 nmol/l vs. 214.8 + or - 26.1 nmol/l; P<0.0001) in preeclamptic compared with healthy pregnant women. Black pregnant had higher ADMA levels than white pregnant women (P<0.05), both in preeclamptic (2.239 + or - 0.020 micromol/l vs. 2.144 + or - 0.019 micromol/l) and in healthy pregnant (2.172 + or - 0.025 micromol/l vs. 2.077 + or - 0.018 micromol/l). Conversely, we found no significant effects of ethnicity on the plasma nitrite levels, both in healthy pregnant and in preeclamptic women (P>0.05). We found a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between these markers (r=-0.28; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show higher ADMA and lower nitrite levels in preeclamptic compared with healthy pregnant, and the concentrations of these biomarkers are inversely associated. While ethnicity affected ADMA concentrations, no such effect was found with respect to nitrite levels. These results may have important implications for studies on NO biology and therapeutic approaches of preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria C Sandrim
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa-Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Av. Francisco Sales 1111, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Taherzadeh Z, Brewster LM, Van Montfrans GA, VanBavel E. Function and Structure of Resistance Vessels in Black and White People. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2010; 12:431-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|