Xia S, Yu X, Song F, Sun B, Wang Y. McLeod syndrome with a novel XK frameshift mutation: A case report.
Medicine (Baltimore) 2022;
101:e28996. [PMID:
35451392 PMCID:
PMC8913091 DOI:
10.1097/md.0000000000028996]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE
McLeod syndrome (MLS) is a rare X-linked neurohematologic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the XK gene. However, variations in the XK gene remain to be elucidated. Here, we report the clinical phenotype and genetic features of a patient with MLS caused by a novel frameshift mutation in the XK gene.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 44-year-old man presented with chorea, cognitive impairment, mental disorders, and seizures accompanied by peripheral neuropathy, hyperCKemia, and acanthocytosis. The proband's mother had a mild chorea. One older brother who died 10 years ago without a confirmed diagnosis showed symptoms of both chorea and mental disorders, while the other brother also developed mild chorea.
DIAGNOSIS
The patient was diagnosed with MLS based on the family history, clinical manifestations, and accessory examinations. Whole-exome sequencing studies revealed a novel frameshift mutation resulting from a nucleotide variation in exon 2 (452delA) that leads to an amino acid residue conversion from Gln to Arg and early termination of the XK protein (Gln151ArgfsTer2). The patient and one of his older brothers were hemizygotes, and his mother was heterozygous.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient was treated with haloperidol to control chorea and levetiracetam to control seizures.
OUTCOMES
Six months after treatment, the proband was seizure-free, but showed little improvement in chorea and cognitive dysfunction.
LESSON
We describe a family with MLS caused by a novel frameshift mutation in the XK gene. The causes of the mild clinical presentation in the proband's mother require further investigation.
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