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Nassoro AA, Millanzi WC, Herman PZ. Knowledge, attitude, intentional practice and individualized determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults: A cross-sectional study in Tanzania. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2171. [PMID: 38773765 PMCID: PMC11109501 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The study assessed the knowledge, attitude, intentional practice and individualized factors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults in Tanzania. DESIGN Hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study. METHODS Quantitative approaches were adopted to study 312 randomly selected adults using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis established frequencies and percentages of variables at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% significance level. RESULTS Mean age was 24.66 ± 6.503 of which 61.5% were males. 86.9% of them were not vaccinated. 57.7% of respondents had inadequate knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, and 61.5% had negative attitudes towards it. 63.8% of adults demonstrated an unwillingness to be vaccinated. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics profiles were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine knowledge, attitude and willingness to uptake it (p < 0.05). Findings highlight the need for large-scale interventions to address the low uptake vaccine. Adults' willingness to get a coronavirus vaccine was comparatively low. Sociodemographic profiles, knowledge and attitude were associated significantly with low uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among adults in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amimu A. Nassoro
- Department of Nursing Management and EducationThe University of DodomaDodomaTanzania
| | - Walter C. Millanzi
- Department of Nursing Management and EducationThe University of DodomaDodomaTanzania
| | - Patricia Z. Herman
- Department of Nursing Management and EducationThe University of DodomaDodomaTanzania
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Chereka AA, Demsash AW, Butta FW, Shibabaw AA, Gebeyehu CD, Adane D, Limeneh WD, Fentahun AD, Tadesse MN, Kitil GW. Examining students' level of understanding toward COVID-19 and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369738. [PMID: 38721537 PMCID: PMC11076840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate students' understanding of COVID-19 in Ethiopia and identify associated factors. The primary goal is to pinpoint key contributors shaping students' perception and comprehension of the virus. The study aims to offer valuable insights for developing targeted educational interventions, ultimately enhancing students' overall knowledge and awareness of the pandemic in the specific context of Ethiopia. Methods The study adhered rigorously to PRISMA criteria, ensuring a standardized methodology. Data from reputable databases like Google Scholar and PubMed were systematically collected. Ten relevant articles were meticulously analyzed using STATA version 11, with heterogeneity assessed by the I2 test. A funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. The determination of the pooled effect size utilized a random-effect model meta-analysis, offering a robust 95% confidence interval. Results This meta-analysis, based on 10 articles, reveals an overall prevalence of 61.58% (95% CI: 47.26-75.89). Significant contributors to students' comprehension include Social media users (AOR) = 2.38, urban residence AOR = 3.31, news media followers AOR = 2.51, fathers' educational status AOR = 2.35, watching television AOR = 4.71, and health science students AOR = 4.21. These findings underscore crucial elements shaping students' understanding of COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Conclusion Our analysis indicates that 61.58% of Ethiopian students possess a good understanding of COVID-19. Factors such as active social media engagement, geographic location, frequency of news consumption, father's level of education, television viewing habits, and enrollment in health science programs significantly influence their comprehension. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions to enhance health literacy and education among students, thereby facilitating a more effective response to pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ayenew Chereka
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Fikadu Wake Butta
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Ambachew Shibabaw
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Daniel Adane
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Wubalem Dilie Limeneh
- Department of Tourism Management, College of Business and Economics, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Dagnew Fentahun
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Mathias Nega Tadesse
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Technology, Kebri Dehar University, Kebri Dehar, Ethiopia
| | - Gemeda Wakgari Kitil
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
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Adella GA, Ambaw Kassie G, Yosef Gebrekidan A, Atnafu Gebeyehu N, Mesele Gesese M, Chekol Abebe E, Asmamaw Mengstie M, Abdu Seid M, Dagnaw Tegegne K, Fenta Feleke S, Asmamaw Dejenie T, Bantie B, Moges N, Solomon Y, Aderajew Zemene M, Mengist Dessie A, Tenaw Anley D. Knowledge and attitude towards Covid-19 vaccine in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2179224. [PMID: 36882983 PMCID: PMC10026859 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2179224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The biggest threat to the effectiveness of vaccination initiatives is a lack of information about and trust in immunization. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of knowledge of and positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine in Ethiopia. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the Ethiopian University online library were searched. To look for heterogeneity, I2 values were computed and an overall estimated analysis was carried out. Although 2108 research articles were retrieved, only 12 studies with a total of 5,472 participants met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled estimates of participants with good knowledge of and positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine were found to be 65.06% (95% CI: 56.69-73.44%; I2 = 82.3%) and 60.15% (95% CI: 45.56-74.74%; I2 = 89.4%), respectively, revealing that there is a gap in knowledge of and positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine in Ethiopia. A holistic and multi-sectoral partnership is necessary for a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Asmare Adella
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Ambaw Kassie
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Atnafu Gebeyehu
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Molalegn Mesele Gesese
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Asmamaw Mengstie
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdu Seid
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Kirubel Dagnaw Tegegne
- Department of nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Sefineh Fenta Feleke
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berihun Bantie
- Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Health sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Moges
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yenealem Solomon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Aderajew Zemene
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Mengist Dessie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Denekew Tenaw Anley
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Alemayehu A, Yusuf M, Demissie A, Abdullahi Y, Oljira L, Assefa N. Determinants of WHO recommended COVID-19 prevention measures among pregnant women attending antenatal care during the third wave of COVID-19 in eastern Ethiopia, 2021. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284643. [PMID: 37228151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease has emerged as the most pressing global health issue. In women with COVID-19 disease, pregnancy confers a substantial additional risk of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess WHO-recommended COVID-19 prevention practices and determinant factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care during the third wave of COVID-19 in eastern Ethiopia. METHODS An Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women attending antenatal care in Harar, from October 10 to November 10, 2021. The sample size was proportionally allocated to all healthcare facilities, then the study participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Descriptive summary statistics were done. Logistic regression analyses were computed to identify associations between dependent and independent variables. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared statistically significant. RESULT Out of 422 pregnant women, 61.6% of them had good WHO Recommended COVID-19 Prevention Practices. Those with age 25-34 years (AOR: 9.7, 95%CI: 4.8, 19.3), age 35-44 years (AOR:4.8, 95%CI: 2.6, 9.03), monthly income > 10,000 ETB (AOR: 9.4, 95%CI: 2.1, 42.1), being a student (AOR: 10, 95%CI: 2.3, 47.1), having a good level of knowledge (AOR: 2.3, 95%CI:1.4, 3.8), and having ≥10 family members (AOR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.9) were found to have a significant association with WHO recommended prevention practice among pregnant women. CONCLUSION Overall, the WHO-recommended COVID-19 prevention practice among pregnant women attending antenatal care was good, but it needs improvement. In order to improve prevention practices among pregnant women, Harari Regional Health Bureau and other stakeholders should provide repeated, targeted, and tailored information to pregnant women and the community at large through different media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astawus Alemayehu
- Department of Public Health, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Yusuf
- Department of Nursing, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Demissie
- Department of Anesthesia, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yasin Abdullahi
- Department of Management, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemessa Oljira
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Arthur C, Dong Z, Abudu H, Li M, Munthali GNC, Zhang C, Zhang S, Han R, Ogbordjor S, Dormocara A, Ja L, Zhang D, Zhang H, Huangfu H. Acceptability and perception of COVID-19 vaccines among foreign medical students in China: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1112789. [PMID: 37056651 PMCID: PMC10086183 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAcceptability and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine among different social groups have been the subject of several studies. However, little is known about foreign medical students in Chinese universities.AimThis study, therefore, fills the literature gap using a focus group technique to assess the acceptance and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine among foreign medical students in China.MethodsThe study adopted an online cross-sectional survey method following the Chinese universities' lockdowns to collect the data between March and April 2022. A data collection questionnaire was developed, and then the link was shared with the respondents through key informants in different universities in China to obtain the data. The data collection process only included foreign medical students who were in China from May 2021 to April 2022. The authors received a total of 403 responses from the respondents. During data processing, we excluded 17 respondents since they were not in China while administering the questionnaire to enhance the data validity. The authors then coded the remaining 386 respondents for the estimation process. We finally applied the multilinear logistics regression technique to model the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance with the response or influencing factors, including the mediating factors among the foreign medical students in China.ResultsThe data statistics show that 4.9% of the respondents were younger than 20 years, 91.5% were 20–40 years old, and 3.6% were older than 40 years; 36.3% of respondents were female subjects and 63.7% were male subjects. The results also show that the respondents are from six continents, including the African continent, 72.4%, Asia 17.4%, 3.1% from Europe, 2.8% from North America, 1.6% from Australia, and 2.3% from South America. The mediation analysis for the gender variable (β = 0.235, p = 0.002) suggests that gender is a significant channel in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and perception among foreign medical students in China. Also, the main analysis shows that opinion on the safety of the vaccine (β = 0.081, p = 0.043), doses of the vaccine to receive (β = 0.175, p = 0.001), vaccine safety with some side effects (β = 0.15, p = 0.000), and the possibility of acquiring COVID-19 after vaccination (β = 0.062, p = 0.040) are all positive factors influencing vaccine acceptability and perception. Also, the home continent (β = −0.062, p = 0.071) is a negative factor influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and perception. Furthermore, the finding shows that fear perceptions has affected 200 (51.81%) respondents. The medical students feared that the vaccines might result in future implications such as infertility, impotence, and systemic health conditions such as cardiovascular, respiratory, or deep vein thrombosis. In addition, 186 (48.19%) students feared that the vaccines were intended to shorten life expectancy.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccination acceptability and perception among medical students in China is high, most predominantly due to their knowledge of medicine composition formulation. Despite widespread acceptance by the general public and private stakeholders, we concluded that vaccination resistance remains a significant factor among medical students and trainees. The study further adds that in considering the COVID-19 vaccine, the factor of the home continent plays a significant role in vaccine hesitancy among foreign medical students. Also, knowledge, information, and education are important pillars confronting new medicine administered among medical trainees. Finally, there is a low rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among foreign medical students in China. The study, therefore, recommends targeted policy strategies, including sensitization, detailed public information, and education, especially for medical colleges and institutions on the COVID-19 vaccination, to achieve 100%. Furthermore, the study recommends that future researchers explore other factors influencing accurate information and education for successful COVID-19 vaccination implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Arthur
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Regional Hospital Sunyani, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hermas Abudu
- College of Overseas Education Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - MengLu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Chunming Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Amos Dormocara
- Soochow University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pharmaceutics, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Ja
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Huangfu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Huangfu ;
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Talukder A, Sharmin S, Nath CD, Haq I, Hossain MI, Habib MJ, Sara SS. Knowledge, attitudes, and factors determining the willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among students in Bangladesh: An online-based cross-sectional study. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36811014 PMCID: PMC9936126 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Aim The most effective way to avoid COVID-19 is through immunization against the virus that causes the disease. The primary objective of this study was to assess the extent of knowledge, attitudes, acceptability, and factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among higher secondary and university students in Bangladesh. Subject and methods A structured questionnaire-based online survey was conducted among 451 students residing in Khulna and Gopalganj cities from February to August, 2022. The willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was compared with a few covariates using the chi-square test, and we then used binary logistic regression to identify the determinants that led Bangladeshi students to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Results During the study period, almost 70% of the students obtained immunizations, with 56% of men and 44% of women reporting having done so. The age range of 26-30 years had the highest percentage of students who had received vaccinations, and 83.9% of students agreed that the COVID-19 vaccine is crucial for students. The results of the binary logistic regression clearly show that gender, degree of education, and respondents' willingness, encouragement, and beliefs have a significant impact on students' eagerness to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion The rising trend in vaccination status among Bangladeshi students is highlighted by this study. Additionally, our results eloquently demonstrate that vaccination status varies by gender, education level, willingness, encouragement, and respondent's viewpoint. The outcomes of this study are essential for health policy makers and other interested parties to successfully organize their immunization program for young adults and children at various levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Talukder
- Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Soheli Sharmin
- Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Chuton Deb Nath
- Mass Communication and Journalism Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Iqramul Haq
- Department of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Jakaria Habib
- Department of Statistics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100 Bangladesh
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Wang S, Maitland E, Wang T, Nicholas S, Leng A. Student COVID-19 vaccination preferences in China: A discrete choice experiment. Front Public Health 2022; 10:997900. [PMID: 36339136 PMCID: PMC9626954 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.997900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) questionnaire to investigate student vaccination preferences for both intrinsic and extrinsic attributes. Methods A two-part DCE questionnaire was distributed to 1,138 students through face-to-face interviews at vaccination centers in Qingdao, China. Conditional logit models were used to understand student preference trade-offs. Mixed logit models (MLM) and sub-group analysis were conducted to understanding student preference heterogeneity. Results We found that students preferred vaccines with fewer side effects (β = 0.845; 95% CI, 0.779-0.911), administered through third level health facilities (β = 0.170; 95% CI, 0.110-0.230), and had at least 1 year duration of protection (β = 0.396; 95% CI, 0.332-0.461. Higher perception of COVID-19 risks (β = 0.492; 95% CI, 0.432-0.552) increased the likelihood of student vaccination uptake. Surprisingly, vaccine effectiveness (60%) and percentages of acquaintances vaccinated (60%) reduced vaccination utility, which points to free-rider problems. In addition, we find that student study majors did not contribute to preference heterogeneity, and the main disparities in preferences were attributed to student risk tolerances. Conclusion Both intrinsic and extrinsic attributes were influential factors shaping student preferences for COVID-19 vaccines. Our results inform universities and local governments across China on targeting their vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Maitland
- School of Management, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Stephen Nicholas
- Australian National Institute of Management and Commerce, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Anli Leng
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, China,Center for Health Preferences Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Anli Leng
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