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Kim HK, Choi Y, Kim KH, Byun Y, Kim TH, Kim JH, An SH, Bae D, Choi MK, Lee M, Kang G, Chung J, Kim SH, Kwon K. Scalable production of siRNA-encapsulated extracellular vesicles for the inhibition of KRAS-mutant cancer using acoustic shock waves. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12508. [PMID: 39323378 PMCID: PMC11424982 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential delivery vehicle for nucleic-acid-based therapeutics, but challenges related to their large-scale production and cargo-loading efficiency have limited their therapeutic potential. To address these issues, we developed a novel "shock wave extracellular vesicles engineering technology" (SWEET) as a non-genetic, scalable manufacturing strategy that uses shock waves (SWs) to encapsulate siRNAs in EVs. Here, we describe the use of the SWEET platform to load large quantities of KRASG12C-targeting siRNA into small bovine-milk-derived EVs (sBMEVs), with high efficiency. The siRNA-loaded sBMEVs effectively silenced oncogenic KRASG12C expression in cancer cells; they inhibited tumour growth when administered intravenously in a non-small cell lung cancer xenograft mouse model. Our study demonstrates the potential for the SWEET platform to serve as a novel method that allows large-scale production of cargo-loaded EVs for use in a wide range of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tae Hee Kim
- Exollence Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - DaeHo Bae
- Exollence Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Gwansuk Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jihwa Chung
- Exollence Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kihwan Kwon
- Exollence Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Desai N, Pande S, Salave S, Singh TRR, Vora LK. Antitoxin nanoparticles: design considerations, functional mechanisms, and applications in toxin neutralization. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104060. [PMID: 38866357 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology has significantly advanced the development of novel platforms that enhance disease treatment and diagnosis. A key innovation in this field is the creation of antitoxin nanoparticles (ATNs), designed to address toxin exposure. These precision-engineered nanosystems have unique physicochemical properties and selective binding capabilities, allowing them to effectively capture and neutralize toxins from various biological, chemical, and environmental sources. In this review, we thoroughly examine their therapeutic and diagnostic potential for managing toxin-related challenges. We also explore recent advancements and offer critical insights into the design and clinical implementation of ATNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Shreya Pande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gujarat, India
| | | | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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3
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Malle M, Song P, Löffler PMG, Kalisi N, Yan Y, Valero J, Vogel S, Kjems J. Programmable RNA Loading of Extracellular Vesicles with Toehold-Release Purification. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12410-12422. [PMID: 38669207 PMCID: PMC11082903 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic nanoparticles as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used as drug delivery vesicles. However, they hold several drawbacks, including low biocompatibility and unfavorable immune responses. Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold the potential as native, safe, and multifunctional nanovesicle carriers. However, loading of EVs with large biomolecules remains a challenge. Here, we present a controlled loading methodology using DNA-mediated and programmed fusion between EVs and messenger RNA (mRNA)-loaded liposomes. The fusion efficiency is characterized at the single-particle level by real-time microscopy through EV surface immobilization via lipidated biotin-DNA handles. Subsequently, fused EV-liposome particles (EVLs) can be collected by employing a DNA strand-replacement reaction. Transferring the fusion reaction to magnetic beads enables us to scale up the production of EVLs one million times. Finally, we demonstrated encapsulation of mCherry mRNA, transfection, and improved translation using the EVLs compared to liposomes or LNPs in HEK293-H cells. We envision this as an important tool for the EV-mediated delivery of RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Song
- Interdiscilinary
Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Philipp M. G. Löffler
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nazmie Kalisi
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Yan Yan
- Interdiscilinary
Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Omiics
ApS, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Julián Valero
- Interdiscilinary
Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus
University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stefan Vogel
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdiscilinary
Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus
University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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CeO2-Zn Nanocomposite Induced Superoxide, Autophagy and a Non-Apoptotic Mode of Cell Death in Human Umbilical-Vein-Derived Endothelial (HUVE) Cells. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050250. [PMID: 35622663 PMCID: PMC9147432 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a nanocomposite of cerium oxide-zinc (CeO2-Zn; 26 ± 11 nm) based on the antioxidant rare-earth cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) with the modifier zinc (Zn) was synthesized by sintering method and characterized. Its bio-response was examined in human umbilical-vein-derived endothelial (HUVE) cells to get insight into the components of vascular system. While NPs of CeO2 did not significantly alter cell viability up to a concentration of 200 µg/mL for a 24 h exposure, 154 ± 6 µg/mL of nanocomposite CeO2-Zn induced 50% cytotoxicity. Mechanism of cytotoxicity occurring due to nanocomposite by its Zn content was compared by choosing NPs of ZnO, possibly the closest nanoparticulate form of Zn. ZnO NPs lead to the induction of higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) (DCF-fluorescence), steeper depletion in antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and a greater loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as compared to that induced by CeO2-Zn nanocomposite. Nanocomposite of CeO2-Zn, on the other hand, lead to significant higher induction of superoxide radical (O2•−, DHE fluorescence), nitric oxide (NO, determined by DAR-2 imaging and Griess reagent) and autophagic vesicles (determined by Lysotracker and monodansylcadeverine probes) as compared to that caused by ZnO NP treatment. Moreover, analysis after triple staining (by annexin V-FITC, PI, and Hoechst) conducted at their respective IC50s revealed an apoptosis mode of cell death due to ZnO NPs, whereas CeO2-Zn nanocomposite induced a mechanism of cell death that was significantly different from apoptosis. Our findings on advanced biomarkers such as autophagy and mode of cell death suggested the CeO2-Zn nanocomposite might behave as independent nanostructure from its constituent ones. Since nanocomposites can behave independently of their constituent NPs/elements, by creating nanocomposites, NP versatility can be increased manifold by just manipulating existing NPs. Moreover, data in this study can furnish early mechanistic insight about the potential damage that could occur in the integrity of vascular systems.
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5
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Abbas M, Yan K, Li J, Zafar S, Hasnain Z, Aslam N, Iqbal N, Hussain SS, Usman M, Abbas M, Tahir M, Abbas S, Abbas SK, Qiulan H, Zhao X, El-Sappah AH. Agri-Nanotechnology and Tree Nanobionics: Augmentation in Crop Yield, Biosafety, and Biomass Accumulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:853045. [PMID: 35557864 PMCID: PMC9086278 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.853045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are the leading edge as an amazing class of materials that consists of at least one dimension in the range of 1–100 nm. NMs can be made with exceptional magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties different from their bulk counterparts. We summarized unique features of NMs, their synthesis, and advances in agri-nanotechnology and cutting-edge nanobionics. The review describes advances in NMs including their applications, dosimetry to ensure biosafety, remote sensing of agro-forestry fields, nanofertilizers, and nanopesticides, and avoid post-harvest losses, gene delivery, and nanobionics. Tree nanobionics has enabled the synthesis and delivery of nanosensors, which enhance the rate of photosynthesis, detection of pathogens, and poisonous residues to ensure biosafety and biomass accumulation. Finally, we conclude by discussing challenges, future perspectives, and agro-ecological risks of using NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Abbas
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Kuan Yan
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Sara Zafar
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nazia Aslam
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sarfaraz Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Abbas
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Sammar Abbas
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Saqi Kosar Abbas
- College of Agriculture, BZU, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Huang Qiulan
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Xianming Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Ahmed H El-Sappah
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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6
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Ramos TI, Villacis-Aguirre CA, López-Aguilar KV, Santiago Padilla L, Altamirano C, Toledo JR, Santiago Vispo N. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Human Therapeutic Nanoparticle Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:247. [PMID: 35213980 PMCID: PMC8879439 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine plays an essential role in developing new therapies through novel drug delivery systems, diagnostic and imaging systems, vaccine development, antibacterial tools, and high-throughput screening. One of the most promising drug delivery systems are nanoparticles, which can be designed with various compositions, sizes, shapes, and surface modifications. These nanosystems have improved therapeutic profiles, increased bioavailability, and reduced the toxicity of the product they carry. However, the clinical translation of nanomedicines requires a thorough understanding of their properties to avoid problems with the most questioned aspect of nanosystems: safety. The particular physicochemical properties of nano-drugs lead to the need for additional safety, quality, and efficacy testing. Consequently, challenges arise during the physicochemical characterization, the production process, in vitro characterization, in vivo characterization, and the clinical stages of development of these biopharmaceuticals. The lack of a specific regulatory framework for nanoformulations has caused significant gaps in the requirements needed to be successful during their approval, especially with tests that demonstrate their safety and efficacy. Researchers face many difficulties in establishing evidence to extrapolate results from one level of development to another, for example, from an in vitro demonstration phase to an in vivo demonstration phase. Additional guidance is required to cover the particularities of this type of product, as some challenges in the regulatory framework do not allow for an accurate assessment of NPs with sufficient evidence of clinical success. This work aims to identify current regulatory issues during the implementation of nanoparticle assays and describe the major challenges that researchers have faced when exposing a new formulation. We further reflect on the current regulatory standards required for the approval of these biopharmaceuticals and the requirements demanded by the regulatory agencies. Our work will provide helpful information to improve the success of nanomedicines by compiling the challenges described in the literature that support the development of this novel encapsulation system. We propose a step-by-step approach through the different stages of the development of nanoformulations, from their design to the clinical stage, exemplifying the different challenges and the measures taken by the regulatory agencies to respond to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelvia I. Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Carlos A. Villacis-Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
| | - Katherine V. López-Aguilar
- Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador;
| | | | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile;
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Av. Universidad 330, Placilla, Sector Curauma, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Jorge R. Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
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7
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Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins and RNA Sorting Mechanisms for the Molecular Delivery by Exosomes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113043. [PMID: 34831268 PMCID: PMC8622164 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of precision medicine critically depends on the robustness and specificity of the carriers used for the targeted delivery of effector molecules in the human body. Numerous nanocarriers have been explored in vivo, to ensure the precise delivery of molecular cargos via tissue-specific targeting, including the endocrine part of the pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal glands. However, even after reaching the target organ, the cargo-carrying vehicle needs to enter the cell and then escape lysosomal destruction. Most artificial nanocarriers suffer from intrinsic limitations that prevent them from completing the specific delivery of the cargo. In this respect, extracellular vesicles (EVs) seem to be the natural tool for payload delivery due to their versatility and low toxicity. However, EV-mediated delivery is not selective and is usually short-ranged. By inserting the viral membrane fusion proteins into exosomes, it is possible to increase the efficiency of membrane recognition and also ease the process of membrane fusion. This review describes the molecular details of the viral-assisted interaction between the target cell and EVs. We also discuss the question of the usability of viral fusion proteins in developing extracellular vesicle-based nanocarriers with a higher efficacy of payload delivery. Finally, this review specifically highlights the role of Gag and RNA binding proteins in RNA sorting into EVs.
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8
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Nguyen TH, Duong CM, Nguyen XH, Than UTT. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Osteoarthritis Treatment: Extracellular Matrix Protection, Chondrocyte and Osteocyte Physiology, Pain and Inflammation Management. Cells 2021; 10:2887. [PMID: 34831109 PMCID: PMC8616200 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease that can lead to persistent pain and motion restriction. In the last decade, stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been explored as a potential alternative OA therapy due to their regenerative capacity. Furthermore, it has been shown that trophic factors enveloped in extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are a crucial aspect of MSC-based treatment for OA. Evidently, EVs derived from different MSC sources might rescue the OA phenotype by targeting many biological processes associated with cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and exerting protective effects on different joint cell types. Despite this advancement, different studies employing EV treatment for OA have revealed reverse outcomes depending on the EV cargo, cell source, and pathological condition. Hence, in this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the possible effects of MSC-derived EVs based on recent findings at different stages of OA development, including effects on cartilage ECM, chondrocyte biology, osteocytes and bone homeostasis, inflammation, and pain management. Additionally, we discuss further strategies and technical advances for manipulating EVs to specifically target OA to bring the therapy closer to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.M.D.); (X.-H.N.)
| | - Chau Minh Duong
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.M.D.); (X.-H.N.)
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.M.D.); (X.-H.N.)
- Vinmec Research Institute of Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Uyen Thi Trang Than
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.M.D.); (X.-H.N.)
- Vinmec Research Institute of Applied Sciences and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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9
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Halim A, Qu KY, Zhang XF, Huang NP. Recent Advances in the Application of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3503-3529. [PMID: 34291638 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the nervous system structure and function, and its slow regeneration rate, makes it more difficult to treat compared to other tissues in the human body when an injury occurs. Moreover, the current therapeutic approaches including the use of autografts, allografts, and pharmacological agents have several drawbacks and can not fully restore nervous system injuries. Recently, nanotechnology and tissue engineering approaches have attracted many researchers to guide tissue regeneration in an effective manner. Owing to their remarkable physicochemical and biological properties, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been extensively studied in the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine field. The great conductivity of these materials makes them a promising candidate for the development of novel scaffolds for neural tissue engineering application. Moreover, the high loading capacity of 2D nanomaterials also has attracted many researchers to utilize them as a drug/gene delivery method to treat various devastating nervous system disorders. This review will first introduce the fundamental physicochemical properties of 2D nanomaterials used in biomedicine and the supporting biological properties of 2D nanomaterials for inducing neuroregeneration, including their biocompatibility on neural cells, the ability to promote the neural differentiation of stem cells, and their immunomodulatory properties which are beneficial for alleviating chronic inflammation at the site of the nervous system injury. It also discusses various types of 2D nanomaterials-based scaffolds for neural tissue engineering applications. Then, the latest progress on the use of 2D nanomaterials for nervous system disorder treatment is summarized. Finally, a discussion of the challenges and prospects of 2D nanomaterials-based applications in neural tissue engineering is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Halim
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Yun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
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10
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Lankoff A, Czerwińska M, Walczak R, Karczmarczyk U, Tomczyk K, Brzóska K, Fracasso G, Garnuszek P, Mikołajczak R, Kruszewski M. Design and Evaluation of 223Ra-Labeled and Anti-PSMA Targeted NaA Nanozeolites for Prostate Cancer Therapy-Part II. Toxicity, Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5702. [PMID: 34071854 PMCID: PMC8198605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a progressive and incurable disease with poor prognosis for patients. Despite introduction of novel therapies, the mortality rate remains high. An attractive alternative for extension of the life of mCRPC patients is PSMA-based targeted radioimmunotherapy. In this paper, we extended our in vitro study of 223Ra-labeled and PSMA-targeted NaA nanozeolites [223RaA-silane-PEG-D2B] by undertaking comprehensive preclinical in vitro and in vivo research. The toxicity of the new compound was evaluated in LNCaP C4-2, DU-145, RWPE-1 and HPrEC prostate cells and in BALB/c mice. The tissue distribution of 133Ba- and 223Ra-labeled conjugates was studied at different time points after injection in BALB/c and LNCaP C4-2 tumor-bearing BALB/c Nude mice. No obvious symptoms of antibody-free and antibody-functionalized nanocarriers cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity was found, while exposure to 223Ra-labeled conjugates resulted in bone marrow fibrosis, decreased the number of WBC and platelets and elevated serum concentrations of ALT and AST enzymes. Biodistribution studies revealed high accumulation of 223Ra-labeled conjugates in the liver, lungs, spleen and bone tissue. Nontargeted and PSMA-targeted radioconjugates exhibited a similar, marginal uptake in tumour lesions. In conclusion, despite the fact that NaA nanozeolites are safe carriers, the intravenous administration of NaA nanozeolite-based radioconjugates is dubious due to its high accumulation in the lungs, liver, spleen and bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lankoff
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.B.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 24-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Malwina Czerwińska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Rafał Walczak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Urszula Karczmarczyk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (U.K.); (K.T.); (P.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Kamil Tomczyk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (U.K.); (K.T.); (P.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Kamil Brzóska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Piotr Garnuszek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (U.K.); (K.T.); (P.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Renata Mikołajczak
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (U.K.); (K.T.); (P.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (K.B.); (M.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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11
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Murphy D, de Jong OG, Evers MJW, Nurazizah M, Schiffelers RM, Vader P. Natural or Synthetic RNA Delivery: A Stoichiometric Comparison of Extracellular Vesicles and Synthetic Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1888-1895. [PMID: 33570966 PMCID: PMC8023702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics have high potential that is yet to be fully realized, largely due to challenges involved in the appropriate delivery to target cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound nanoparticles released by cells of all types and possess numerous features that may help overcome this hurdle and have emerged as a promising RNA delivery vehicle candidate. Despite extensive research into the engineering of EVs for RNA delivery, it remains unclear how the intrinsic RNA delivery efficiency of EVs compares to currently used synthetic RNA delivery vehicles. Using a novel CRISPR/Cas9-based RNA transfer reporter system, we compared the delivery efficiency of EVs to clinically approved state-of-the-art DLin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles and several in vitro transfection reagents. We found that EVs delivered RNA several orders of magnitude more efficiently than these synthetic systems. This finding supports the continued research into EVs as potential RNA delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
E. Murphy
- CDL
Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier G. de Jong
- CDL
Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. W. Evers
- CDL
Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pieter Vader
- CDL
Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department
of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical
Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
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12
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Sartini S, Permana AD, Mitra S, Tareq AM, Salim E, Ahmad I, Harapan H, Emran TB, Nainu F. Current State and Promising Opportunities on Pharmaceutical Approaches in the Treatment of Polymicrobial Diseases. Pathogens 2021; 10:245. [PMID: 33672615 PMCID: PMC7924209 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of newly identified acute and chronic infectious disorders caused by diverse combinations of pathogens, termed polymicrobial diseases, has had catastrophic consequences for humans. Antimicrobial agents have been clinically proven to be effective in the pharmacological treatment of polymicrobial diseases. Unfortunately, an increasing trend in the emergence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens and limited options for delivery of antimicrobial drugs might seriously impact humans' efforts to combat polymicrobial diseases in the coming decades. New antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism(s) of action and new pharmaceutical formulations or delivery systems to target infected sites are urgently required. In this review, we discuss the prospective use of novel antimicrobial compounds isolated from natural products to treat polymicrobial infections, mainly via mechanisms related to inhibition of biofilm formation. Drug-delivery systems developed to deliver antimicrobial compounds to both intracellular and extracellular pathogens are discussed. We further discuss the effectiveness of several biofilm-targeted delivery strategies to eliminate polymicrobial biofilms. At the end, we review the applications and promising opportunities for various drug-delivery systems, when compared to conventional antimicrobial therapy, as a pharmacological means to treat polymicrobial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartini Sartini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.S.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.S.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; or
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; or
| | - Emil Salim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, North Sumatera 20155, Indonesia;
| | - Islamudin Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, East Kalimantan 75119, Indonesia;
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh;
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.S.); (A.D.P.)
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13
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Colaço M, Marques AP, Jesus S, Duarte A, Borges O. Safe-by-Design of Glucan Nanoparticles: Size Matters When Assessing the Immunotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:915-932. [PMID: 32138518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucan (from Alcaligenes faecalis) is a polymer composed of β-1,3-linked glucose residues, and it has been addressed in different medical fields, namely in nanotechnology, as a vaccine or a drug delivery system. However, due to their small size, nanomaterials may present new risks and uncertainties. Thus, this work aims to describe the production of glucan nanoparticles (NPs) with two different sizes, and to evaluate the influence of the NPs size on immunotoxicity. Results showed that, immediately after production, glucan NPs presented average sizes of 129.7 ± 2.5 and 355.4 ± 41.0 nm. Glucan NPs of 130 nm presented greater ability to decrease human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophage viability and to induce reactive oxygen species production than glucan NPs of 355 nm. Both NP sizes caused hemolysis and induced a higher metabolic activity in lymphocytes, although the concentration required to observe such effect was lower for the 130 nm glucan NPs. Regarding pro-inflammatory cytokines, only the larger glucan NPs (355 nm) were able to induce the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α, probably due to their recognition by dectin-1. This higher immunomodulatory effect of the larger NPs was also observed in its ability to stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1β. On the contrary, a small amount of Glu 130 NPs inhibited NO production. In conclusion, on the safe-by-design of glucan NPs, the size of the particles should be an important critical quality attribute to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of the nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Colaço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana P Marques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Jesus
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alana Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Engin AB, Engin A. Nanoantibiotics: A Novel Rational Approach to Antibiotic Resistant Infections. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:720-741. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190806142835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background:The main drawbacks for using conventional antimicrobial agents are the development of multiple drug resistance due to the use of high concentrations of antibiotics for extended periods. This vicious cycle often generates complications of persistent infections, and intolerable antibiotic toxicity. The problem is that while all new discovered antimicrobials are effective and promising, they remain as only short-term solutions to the overall challenge of drug-resistant bacteria.Objective:Recently, nanoantibiotics (nAbts) have been of tremendous interest in overcoming the drug resistance developed by several pathogenic microorganisms against most of the commonly used antibiotics. Compared with free antibiotic at the same concentration, drug delivered via a nanoparticle carrier has a much more prominent inhibitory effect on bacterial growth, and drug toxicity, along with prolonged drug release. Additionally, multiple drugs or antimicrobials can be packaged within the same smart polymer which can be designed with stimuli-responsive linkers. These stimuli-responsive nAbts open up the possibility of creating multipurpose and targeted antimicrobials. Biofilm formation still remains the leading cause of conventional antibiotic treatment failure. In contrast to conventional antibiotics nAbts easily penetrate into the biofilm, and selectively target biofilm matrix constituents through the introduction of bacteria specific ligands. In this context, various nanoparticles can be stabilized and functionalized with conventional antibiotics. These composites have a largely enhanced bactericidal efficiency compared to the free antibiotic.Conclusion:Nanoparticle-based carriers deliver antibiotics with better biofilm penetration and lower toxicity, thus combating bacterial resistance. However, the successful adaptation of nanoformulations to clinical practice involves a detailed assessment of their safety profiles and potential immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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