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Stockinger E, Gallotti R, Hausladen CI. Early morning hour and evening usage habits increase misinformation-spread. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20233. [PMID: 39215045 PMCID: PMC11364767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media manipulation poses a significant threat to cognitive autonomy and unbiased opinion formation. Prior literature explored the relationship between online activity and emotional state, cognitive resources, sunlight and weather. However, a limited understanding exists regarding the role of time of day in content spread and the impact of user activity patterns on susceptibility to mis- and disinformation. This work uncovers a strong correlation between user activity time patterns and the tendency to spread potentially disinformative content. Through quantitative analysis of Twitter (now X) data, we examine how user activity throughout the day aligns with diurnal behavioural archetypes. Evening types exhibit a significantly higher inclination towards spreading potentially disinformative content, which is more likely at night-time. This knowledge can become crucial for developing targeted interventions and strategies that mitigate misinformation spread by addressing vulnerable periods and user groups more susceptible to manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Stockinger
- Computational Social Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Riccardo Gallotti
- Complex Human Behaviour Lab, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Carina I Hausladen
- Computational Social Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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2
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Wang S, Lightman S, Cristianini N. Diurnal patterns in Twitter sentiment in Italy and United Kingdom are correlated. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1276285. [PMID: 38314252 PMCID: PMC10836357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1276285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diurnal variations in indicators of emotion have been reliably observed in Twitter content, but confirmation of their circadian nature has not been possible due to the many confounding factors present in the data. We report on correlations between those indicators in Twitter content obtained from 9 cities of Italy and 54 cities in the United Kingdom, sampled hourly at the time of the 2020 national lockdowns. This experimental setting aims at minimizing synchronization effects related to television, eating habits, or other cultural factors. This correlation supports a circadian origin for these diurnal variations, although it does not exclude the possibility that similar zeitgebers exist in both countries including during lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nello Cristianini
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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3
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McGinnis EW, Loftness B, Lunna S, Berman I, Bagdon S, Lewis G, Arnold M, Danforth CM, Dodds PS, Price M, Copeland WE, McGinnis RS. Expecting the Unexpected: Predicting Panic Attacks From Mood, Twitter, and Apple Watch Data. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 5:14-20. [PMID: 38445244 PMCID: PMC10914138 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2024.3354208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Panic attacks are an impairing mental health problem that affects 11% of adults every year. Current criteria describe them as occurring without warning, despite evidence suggesting individuals can often identify attack triggers. We aimed to prospectively explore qualitative and quantitative factors associated with the onset of panic attacks. RESULTS Of 87 participants, 95% retrospectively identified a trigger for their panic attacks. Worse individually reported mood and state-level mood, as indicated by Twitter ratings, were related to greater likelihood of next-day panic attack. In a subsample of participants who uploaded their wearable sensor data (n = 32), louder ambient noise and higher resting heart rate were related to greater likelihood of next-day panic attack. CONCLUSIONS These promising results suggest that individuals who experience panic attacks may be able to anticipate their next attack which could be used to inform future prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen W. McGinnis
- M-Sense Research GroupWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC27101USA
| | - Bryn Loftness
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and FamiliesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | - Shania Lunna
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and FamiliesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | - Isabel Berman
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and FamiliesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | - Skylar Bagdon
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and FamiliesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | - Genevieve Lewis
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and FamiliesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | - Michael Arnold
- Vermont Complex Systems CenterUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | | | - Peter S. Dodds
- Vermont Complex Systems CenterUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | - Matthew Price
- Center for Research on Emotion, Stress and TechnologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | - William E. Copeland
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth and FamiliesUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | - Ryan S. McGinnis
- M-Sense Research GroupWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC27101USA
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4
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Smetanin S, Komarov M. The voice of Twitter: observable subjective well-being inferred from tweets in Russian. PeerJ Comput Sci 2022; 8:e1181. [PMID: 37346309 PMCID: PMC10280187 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major platforms of communication, social networks have become a valuable source of opinions and emotions. Considering that sharing of emotions offline and online is quite similar, historical posts from social networks seem to be a valuable source of data for measuring observable subjective well-being (OSWB). In this study, we calculated OSWB indices for the Russian-speaking segment of Twitter using the Affective Social Data Model for Socio-Technical Interactions. This model utilises demographic information and post-stratification techniques to make the data sample representative, by selected characteristics, of the general population of a country. For sentiment analysis, we fine-tuned RuRoBERTa-Large on RuSentiTweet and achieved new state-of-the-art results of F1 = 0.7229. Several calculated OSWB indicators demonstrated moderate Spearman's correlation with the traditional survey-based net affect (rs = 0.469 and rs = 0.5332, p < 0.05) and positive affect (rs = 0.5177 and rs = 0.548, p < 0.05) indices in Russia.
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5
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Valdez D, Patterson MS. Computational analyses identify addiction help-seeking behaviors on the social networking website Reddit: Insights into online social interactions and addiction support communities. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2022; 1:e0000143. [PMID: 36812569 PMCID: PMC9931264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although social connection to others with lived addiction experiences is a strong predictor of long-term recovery from substance use disorders (SUD), the COVID-19 pandemic greatly altered global abilities to physically connect with other people. Evidence suggests online forums for people with SUD may serve as a sufficient proxy for social connection, however efficacy of online spaces as addiction treatment adjuncts remains empirically understudied. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to analyze a collection of Reddit posts germane to addiction and recovery collected between March-August 2022. METHODS We collected (n = 9,066) Reddit posts (1) r/addiction; (2) r/DecidingToBeBetter, (3) r/SelfImprovement, (4) r/OpitatesRecovery, (5) r/StopSpeeding, (6) r/RedditorsInRecovery, and (7) r/StopSmoking subreddits. We applied several classes of natural language processing (NLP) methods to analyze and visualize our data including term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) calculations, k-means clustering, and principal components analysis (PCA). We also applied a Valence Aware Dictional and sEntiment [sic] Reasoner (VADER) sentiment analysis to determine affect in our data. RESULTS Our analyses revealed three distinct clusters: (1) Personal addiction struggle, or sharing one's recovery journey (n = 2,520), (2) Giving advice, or offering counseling based on first-hand experiences (n = 3,885), and (3) Seeking advice, or asking for support or advice related to addiction (n = 2,661). DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION Addiction, SUD, and recovery dialogue on Reddit is exceedingly robust. Much of the content mirrors tenets for established addiction-recovery programs, which suggests Reddit, and other social networking websites, may serve as efficient tools to promote social connection among people with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Valdez
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Megan S. Patterson
- Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station Texas, United States of America
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6
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Zou H, Zhou H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Chronotype, circadian rhythm, and psychiatric disorders: Recent evidence and potential mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811771. [PMID: 36033630 PMCID: PMC9399511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype, which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with human health issues, particularly psychiatric disorders. This narrative review, which focuses on the relationship between chronotype and mental disorders, provides an insight into the potential mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that (1) the evening chronotype is a risk factor for depressive disorders and substance use disorders, whereas the morning chronotype is a protective factor. (2) Evening chronotype individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have more severe symptoms and comorbidities. (3) The evening chronotype is only related to anxiety symptoms. (4) The relationship between chronotype and schizophrenia remains unclear, despite increasing evidence on their link. (5) The evening chronotype is significantly associated with eating disorders, with the majority of studies have focused on binge eating disorders. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms or influence factors are described in detail, including clock genes, brain characteristics, neuroendocrinology, the light/dark cycle, social factors, psychological factors, and sleep disorders. These findings provide the latest evidence on chronotypes and psychiatric disorders and serve as a valuable reference for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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Smetanin S. RuSentiTweet: a sentiment analysis dataset of general domain tweets in Russian. PeerJ Comput Sci 2022; 8:e1039. [PMID: 36092008 PMCID: PMC9454938 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Russian language is still not as well-resourced as English, especially in the field of sentiment analysis of Twitter content. Though several sentiment analysis datasets of tweets in Russia exist, they all are either automatically annotated or manually annotated by one annotator. Thus, there is no inter-annotator agreement, or annotation may be focused on a specific domain. In this article, we present RuSentiTweet, a new sentiment analysis dataset of general domain tweets in Russian. RuSentiTweet is currently the largest in its class for Russian, with 13,392 tweets manually annotated with moderate inter-rater agreement into five classes: Positive, Neutral, Negative, Speech Act, and Skip. As a source of data, we used Twitter Stream Grab, a historical collection of tweets obtained from the general Twitter API stream, which provides a 1% sample of the public tweets. Additionally, we released a RuBERT-based sentiment classification model that achieved F 1 = 0.6594 on the test subset.
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8
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Global and Local Trends Affecting the Experience of US and UK Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19: Twitter Text Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116895. [PMID: 35682477 PMCID: PMC9180346 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are on the frontline of fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent reports have indicated that, in addition to facing an increased risk of being infected by the virus, HCPs face an increased risk of suffering from emotional difficulties associated with the pandemic. Therefore, understanding HCPs’ experiences and emotional displays during emergencies is a critical aspect of increasing the surge capacity of communities and nations. Methods: In this study, we analyzed posts published by HCPs on Twitter to infer the content of discourse and emotions of the HCPs in the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK), before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The tweets of 25,207 users were analyzed using natural language processing (NLP). Results: Our results indicate that HCPs in the two countries experienced common health, social, and political issues related to the pandemic, reflected in their discussion topics, sentiments, and emotional display. However, the experiences of HCPs in the two countries are also subject to local socio-political trends, as well as cultural norms regarding emotional display. Conclusions: Our results support the potential of utilizing Twitter discourse to monitor and predict public health responses in emergencies.
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Tubbs AS, Fernandez FX, Grandner MA, Perlis ML, Klerman EB. The Mind After Midnight: Nocturnal Wakefulness, Behavioral Dysregulation, and Psychopathology. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 1:830338. [PMID: 35538929 PMCID: PMC9083440 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.830338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient sleep with minimal interruption during the circadian/biological night supports daytime cognition and emotional regulation. Conversely, disrupted sleep involving significant nocturnal wakefulness leads to cognitive and behavioral dysregulation. Most studies to-date have examined how fragmented or insufficient sleep affects next-day functioning, but recent work highlights changes in cognition and behavior that occur when someone is awake during the night. This review summarizes the evidence for day-night alterations in maladaptive behaviors, including suicide, violent crime, and substance use, and examines how mood, reward processing, and executive function differ during nocturnal wakefulness. Based on this evidence, we propose the Mind after Midnight hypothesis in which attentional biases, negative affect, altered reward processing, and prefrontal disinhibition interact to promote behavioral dysregulation and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Tubbs
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Evelyn F Mcknight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael A. Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael L. Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Abstract
In this study, call detail records (CDR), covering Budapest, Hungary, are processed to analyze the circadian rhythm of the subscribers. An indicator, called wake-up time, is introduced to describe the behavior of a group of subscribers. It is defined as the time when the mobile phone activity of a group rises in the morning. Its counterpart is the time when the activity falls in the evening. Inhabitant and area-based aggregation are also presented. The former is to consider the people who live in an area, while the latter uses the transit activity in an area to describe the behavior of a part of the city. The opening hours of the malls and the nightlife of the party district are used to demonstrate this application as real-life examples. The proposed approach is also used to estimate the working hours of the workplaces. The findings are in a good agreement with the practice in Hungary, and also support the workplace detection method. A negative correlation is found between the wake-up time and mobility indicators (entropy, radius of gyration): on workdays, people wake up earlier and travel more, while on holidays, it is quite the contrary. The wake-up time is evaluated in different socioeconomic classes, using housing prices and mobile phones prices, as well. It is found that lower socioeconomic groups tend to wake up earlier.
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Behr H, Ho AS, Mitchell ES, Yang Q, DeLuca L, Michealides A. How Do Emotions during Goal Pursuit in Weight Change over Time? Retrospective Computational Text Analysis of Goal Setting and Striving Conversations with a Coach during a Mobile Weight Loss Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126600. [PMID: 34205282 PMCID: PMC8296374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During behavioral weight management, individuals reflect on their progress and barriers through goal pursuit (goal setting and goal striving). Emotions during goal pursuit are largely unknown, and previous investigations of emotions in weight management have primarily relied on self-report. In this retrospective study, we used a well-validated computational text analysis approach to explore how emotion words changed over time during goal setting and striving conversations with a coach in a mobile weight loss program. Linear mixed models examined changes in emotion words each month from baseline to program end and compared emotion words between individuals who set an overall concrete goal for the program (concrete goal setters) and those who set an overall abstract goal (abstract goal setters). Contrary to findings using self-report, positive emotion words were stable and negative emotion words significantly increased over time. There was a marginal trend towards greater negative emotion word use being associated with greater weight loss. Concrete goal setters used more positive words than abstract goal setters, with no differences in negative emotion words and weight loss. Implications include the possibility that individuals may need increasing support over time for negative emotions expressed during goal setting and striving, and concrete goals could boost positive emotion. Future research should investigate these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Behr
- Department of Integrative Health, Saybrook University, 55 W Eureka St, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA;
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.S.H.); (Q.Y.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Annabell Suh Ho
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.S.H.); (Q.Y.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Ellen Siobhan Mitchell
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.S.H.); (Q.Y.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiuchen Yang
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.S.H.); (Q.Y.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Laura DeLuca
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.S.H.); (Q.Y.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, 1165 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andreas Michealides
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.S.H.); (Q.Y.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
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12
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Wang S, Lightman S, Cristianini N. Effect of the lockdown on diurnal patterns of emotion expression in Twitter. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1591-1610. [PMID: 34134583 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1937198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal variation in psychometric indicators of emotion found in Twitter content has been known for many years. The degree to which this pattern depends upon different environmental zeitgebers has been difficult to determine. The nationwide lockdown in the United Kingdom in spring 2020 provided a unique government-mandated experiment to observe the temporal variation of psychometric indicators in the absence of certain specific social rhythms related to commuting and workplace social activities as well as many normal home-based social activities. We therefore analyzed the aggregated Twitter content of 54 UK cities in the 9 weeks of complete lockdown, comparing them with the 10 weeks that preceded them (as well as with the corresponding weeks of 2019). We observed that the key indicators of emotion retained their diurnal behavior. This suggests that even during lockdown there are still sufficient zeitgebers to maintain this diurnal variation in indicators of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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13
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Mayor E, Bietti LM. Twitter, time and emotions. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201900. [PMID: 34084541 PMCID: PMC8150047 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of temporal trajectories of emotions shared in tweets has shown that both positive and negative emotions follow nonlinear circadian (24 h) and circaseptan (7-day) patterns. But to this point, such findings could be instrument-dependent as they rely exclusively on coding using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count. Further, research has shown that self-referential content has higher relevance and meaning for individuals, compared with other types of content. Investigating the specificity of self-referential material in temporal patterns of emotional expression in tweets is of interest, but current research is based upon generic textual productions. The temporal variations of emotions shared in tweets through emojis have not been compared to textual analyses to date. This study hence focuses on several comparisons: (i) between Self-referencing tweets versus Other topic tweets, (ii) between coding of textual productions versus coding of emojis, and finally (iii) between coding of textual productions using different sentiment analysis tools (the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count-LIWC; the Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner-VADER and the Hu Liu sentiment lexicon-Hu Liu). In a collection of more than 7 million Self-referencing and close to 18 million Other topic content-coded tweets, we identified that (i) similarities and differences in terms of shape and amplitude can be observed in temporal trajectories of expressed emotions between Self-referring and Other topic tweets, (ii) that all tools feature significant circadian and circaseptan patterns in both datasets but not always, and there is often a correspondence in the shape of circadian and circaseptan patterns, and finally (iii) that circadian and circaseptan patterns obtained from the coding of emotional expression in emojis sometimes depart from those of the textual analysis, indicating some complementarity in the use of both modes of expression. We discuss the implications of our findings from the perspective of the literature on emotions and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mayor
- Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Psychology and epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, MIssionsstrasse 61a, Basel 4055, Switzerland
| | - Lucas M. Bietti
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dragvoll Campus, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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14
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Saksvik-Lehouillier I, Nordhaug L, Owesen SM, Karlsen HR. The rhythm of affect, autonomy, competence and relatedness: A pilot diary study. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:480-488. [PMID: 33567920 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1867156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the circadian rhythm of affect, autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the at-home sleep environmental setting. Participants completed electronic questionnaires at 06:30 h, 16:00 h and 21:00 h for seven days. Ninety-six respondents participated. Among these, 70 were students (73.7%; of which 65.7% were 18-25 years of age, the remainder being 26 years old or more) and 25 nonstudents (26.3%; all 26 years old or more), with one person neglecting to report such status. A total of 24 (25.0%) respondents had full-time jobs during the data collection, 51 (53.1%) had a part-time job, and 21 (21.9%) did not have a job. There was significant difference between times of day for positive affect, autonomy frustration, and competence frustration. This included an increase in positive affect from morning to afternoon, and reduction in autonomy frustration and competence frustration from afternoon to evening. Chronotype was not related to the daily variations in the studies psychological variables. We conclude that although there are some intra-daily variations in some of the basic needs, these are not as strong as those seen for positive affect, in terms of consistency across several days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Nordhaug
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stine Marie Owesen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard R Karlsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Castaldo M, Venturini T, Frasca P, Gargiulo F. The rhythms of the night: increase in online night activity and emotional resilience during the spring 2020 Covid-19 lockdown. EPJ DATA SCIENCE 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 33552837 PMCID: PMC7848867 DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The lockdown orders established in multiple countries in response to the Covid-19 pandemic are arguably one of the most widespread and deepest shock experienced by societies in recent years. Studying their impact trough the lens of social media offers an unprecedented opportunity to understand the susceptibility and the resilience of human activity patterns to large-scale exogenous shocks. Firstly, we investigate the changes that this upheaval has caused in online activity in terms of time spent online, themes and emotion shared on the platforms, and rhythms of content consumption. Secondly, we examine the resilience of certain platform characteristics, such as the daily rhythms of emotion expression. DATA Two independent datasets about the French cyberspace: a fine-grained temporal record of almost 100 thousand YouTube videos and a collection of 8 million Tweets between February 17 and April 14, 2020. FINDINGS In both datasets we observe a reshaping of the circadian rhythms with an increase of night activity during the lockdown. The analysis of the videos and tweets published during lockdown shows a general decrease in emotional contents and a shift from themes like work and money to themes like death and safety. However, the daily patterns of emotions remain mostly unchanged, thereby suggesting that emotional cycles are resilient to exogenous shocks. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00262-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Castaldo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, 11 rue des Mathématiques, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Paolo Frasca
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, 11 rue des Mathématiques, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Kalafatakis K, Russell GM, Ferguson SG, Grabski M, Harmer CJ, Munafò MR, Marchant N, Wilson A, Brooks JC, Thakrar J, Murphy P, Thai NJ, Lightman SL. Glucocorticoid ultradian rhythmicity differentially regulates mood and resting state networks in the human brain: A randomised controlled clinical trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105096. [PMID: 33296841 PMCID: PMC7895801 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoid secretion into the systematic circulation is characterised by a complex rhythm, composed of the diurnal variation, formed by changes in pulse amplitude of an underlying ultradian rhythm of short duration hormonal pulses. To elucidate the potential neurobiological significance of glucocorticoid pulsatility in man, we have conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover clinical trial on 15 healthy volunteers, investigating the impact of different glucocorticoid rhythms on measures of mood and neural activity under resting conditions by recruiting functional neuroimaging, computerised behavioural tests and ecological momentary assessments. Endogenous glucocorticoid biosynthesis was pharmacologically suppressed, and plasma levels of corticosteroid restored by hydrocortisone replacement in three different regimes, either mimicking the normal ultradian and circadian profile of the hormone, or retaining the normal circadian but abolishing the ultradian rhythm of the hormone, or by our current best oral replacement regime which results in a suboptimal circadian and ultradian rhythm. Our results indicate that changes in the temporal mode of glucocorticoid replacement impact (i) the morning levels of self-perceived vigour, fatigue and concentration, (ii) the diurnal pattern of mood variation, (iii) the within-network functional connectivity of various large-scale resting state networks of the human brain, (iv) the functional connectivity of the default-mode, salience and executive control networks with glucocorticoid-sensitive nodes of the corticolimbic system, and (v) the functional relationship between mood variation and underlying neural networks. The findings indicate that the pattern of the ultradian glucocorticoid rhythm could affect cognitive psychophysiology under non-stressful conditions and opens new pathways for our understanding on the neuropsychological effects of cortisol pulsatility with relevance to the goal of optimising glucocorticoid replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kalafatakis
- Laboratories of Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, United Kingdom; Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8DX Bristol, United Kingdom; Royal Bristol Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Georgina M Russell
- Laboratories of Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, United Kingdom; Royal Bristol Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart G Ferguson
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Meryem Grabski
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, BS8 1TU Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, OX3 7JX Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, BS8 1TU Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Marchant
- Laboratories of Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, United Kingdom; Royal Bristol Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen Wilson
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8DX Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Brooks
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8DX Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jamini Thakrar
- Laboratories of Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, United Kingdom; Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8DX Bristol, United Kingdom; Royal Bristol Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Murphy
- Laboratories of Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, United Kingdom; Royal Bristol Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ngoc J Thai
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8DX Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stafford L Lightman
- Laboratories of Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, United Kingdom; Royal Bristol Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom
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17
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Birnbaum ML, Kulkarni PP, Van Meter A, Chen V, Rizvi AF, Arenare E, De Choudhury M, Kane JM. Utilizing Machine Learning on Internet Search Activity to Support the Diagnostic Process and Relapse Detection in Young Individuals With Early Psychosis: Feasibility Study. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e19348. [PMID: 32870161 PMCID: PMC7492982 DOI: 10.2196/19348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatry is nearly entirely reliant on patient self-reporting, and there are few objective and reliable tests or sources of collateral information available to help diagnostic and assessment procedures. Technology offers opportunities to collect objective digital data to complement patient experience and facilitate more informed treatment decisions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop computational algorithms based on internet search activity designed to support diagnostic procedures and relapse identification in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS We extracted 32,733 time-stamped search queries across 42 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 74 healthy volunteers between the ages of 15 and 35 (mean 24.4 years, 44.0% male), and built machine-learning diagnostic and relapse classifiers utilizing the timing, frequency, and content of online search activity. RESULTS Classifiers predicted a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders with an area under the curve value of 0.74 and predicted a psychotic relapse in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with an area under the curve of 0.71. Compared with healthy participants, those with schizophrenia spectrum disorders made fewer searches and their searches consisted of fewer words. Prior to a relapse hospitalization, participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were more likely to use words related to hearing, perception, and anger, and were less likely to use words related to health. CONCLUSIONS Online search activity holds promise for gathering objective and easily accessed indicators of psychiatric symptoms. Utilizing search activity as collateral behavioral health information would represent a major advancement in efforts to capitalize on objective digital data to improve mental health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leo Birnbaum
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | | | - Anna Van Meter
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Victor Chen
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Asra F Rizvi
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Arenare
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - John M Kane
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States
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18
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Correia RB, Wood IB, Bollen J, Rocha LM. Mining Social Media Data for Biomedical Signals and Health-Related Behavior. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2020; 3:433-458. [PMID: 32550337 PMCID: PMC7299233 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-030320-040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social media data have been increasingly used to study biomedical and health-related phenomena. From cohort-level discussions of a condition to population-level analyses of sentiment, social media have provided scientists with unprecedented amounts of data to study human behavior associated with a variety of health conditions and medical treatments. Here we review recent work in mining social media for biomedical, epidemiological, and social phenomena information relevant to the multilevel complexity of human health. We pay particular attention to topics where social media data analysis has shown the most progress, including pharmacovigilance and sentiment analysis, especially for mental health. We also discuss a variety of innovative uses of social media data for health-related applications as well as important limitations of social media data access and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rion Brattig Correia
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Cincia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing & Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 70040 Braslia DF, Brazil
| | - Ian B Wood
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing & Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - Johan Bollen
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing & Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - Luis M Rocha
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Cincia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing & Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
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19
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Daut RA, Fonken LK. Circadian regulation of depression: A role for serotonin. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100746. [PMID: 31002895 PMCID: PMC9826732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Synchronizing circadian (24 h) rhythms in physiology and behavior with the environmental light-dark cycle is critical for maintaining optimal health. Dysregulation of the circadian system increases susceptibility to numerous pathological conditions including major depressive disorder. Stress is a common etiological factor in the development of depression and the circadian system is highly interconnected to stress-sensitive neurotransmitter systems such as the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system. Thus, here we propose that stress-induced perturbation of the 5-HT system disrupts circadian processes and increases susceptibility to depression. In this review, we first provide an overview of the basic components of the circadian system. Next, we discuss evidence that circadian dysfunction is associated with changes in mood in humans and rodent models. Finally, we provide evidence that 5-HT is a critical factor linking dysregulation of the circadian system and mood. Determining how these two systems interact may provide novel therapeutic targets for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Daut
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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20
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Leypunskiy E, Kıcıman E, Shah M, Walch OJ, Rzhetsky A, Dinner AR, Rust MJ. Geographically Resolved Rhythms in Twitter Use Reveal Social Pressures on Daily Activity Patterns. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3763-3775.e5. [PMID: 30449672 PMCID: PMC6590897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms in human physiology and behavior are driven by the interplay of circadian rhythms, environmental cycles, and social schedules. Much research has focused on the mechanism and function of circadian rhythms in constant conditions or in idealized light-dark environments. There have been comparatively few studies into how social pressures, such as work and school schedules, affect human activity rhythms day to day and season to season. To address this issue, we analyzed activity on Twitter in >1,500 US counties throughout the 2012-2013 calendar years in 15-min intervals using geographically tagged tweets representing ≈0.1% of the total population each day. We find that sustained periods of low Twitter activity are correlated with sufficient sleep as measured by conventional surveys. We show that this nighttime lull in Twitter activity is shifted to later times on weekends relative to weekdays, a phenomenon we term "Twitter social jet lag." The magnitude of this social jet lag varies seasonally and geographically-with the West Coast experiencing less Twitter social jet lag compared to the Central and Eastern US-and is correlated with average commuting schedules and disease risk factors such as obesity. Most counties experience the largest amount of Twitter social jet lag in February and the lowest in June or July. We present evidence that these shifts in weekday activity coincide with relaxed social pressures due to local K-12 school holidays and that the direct seasonal effect of altered day length is comparatively weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Leypunskiy
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Emre Kıcıman
- Information and Data Science Group, Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Mili Shah
- The University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olivia J Walch
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aaron R Dinner
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J Rust
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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21
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Dzogang F, Lightman S, Cristianini N. Diurnal variations of psychometric indicators in Twitter content. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197002. [PMID: 29924814 PMCID: PMC6010242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychological state of a person is characterised by cognitive and emotional variables which can be inferred by psychometric methods. Using the word lists from the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, designed to infer a range of psychological states from the word usage of a person, we studied temporal changes in the average expression of psychological traits in the general population. We sampled the contents of Twitter in the United Kingdom at hourly intervals for a period of four years, revealing a strong diurnal rhythm in most of the psychometric variables, and finding that two independent factors can explain 85% of the variance across their 24-h profiles. The first has peak expression time starting at 5am/6am, it correlates with measures of analytical thinking, with the language of drive (e.g power, and achievement), and personal concerns. It is anticorrelated with the language of negative affect and social concerns. The second factor has peak expression time starting at 3am/4am, it correlates with the language of existential concerns, and anticorrelates with expression of positive emotions. Overall, we see strong evidence that our language changes dramatically between night and day, reflecting changes in our concerns and underlying cognitive and emotional processes. These shifts occur at times associated with major changes in neural activity and hormonal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabon Dzogang
- Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nello Cristianini
- Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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