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Amy M, Staehlin O, René F, Blasco H, Marouillat S, Daoud H, Vourc'h P, Gordon PH, Camu W, Corcia P, Loeffler JP, Palkovits M, Sommer WH, Andres CR. A common functional allele of the Nogo receptor gene, reticulon 4 receptor (RTN4R), is associated with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a French population. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2015; 16:490-6. [PMID: 26083872 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1051988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is sporadic (SALS) in 90% of cases and has complex environmental and genetic influences. Nogo protein inhibits neurite outgrowth and is overexpressed in muscle in ALS. Our aims were to study the reticulon 4 receptor gene RTN4R which encodes Nogo 1 receptor (NgR1) in SALS, to test if the variants were associated with variable expression of the gene and whether NgR1 protein expression was modified in a transgenic mouse model of ALS. We genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs701421, rs701427, and rs1567871) of the RTN4R gene in 364 SALS French patients and 430 controls. We examined expression of RTN4R mRNA by quantitative PCR in control post mortem human brain tissue. We determined the expression of NgR1 protein in spinal motor neurons from a SOD1 G86R ALS mouse model. We observed significant associations between SALS and RTN4R alleles. Messenger RNA expression from RTN4R in human cortical brain tissue correlated significantly with the genotypes of rs701427. NgR1 protein expression was reduced in Nogo A positive motor neurons from diseased transgenic animals. In conclusion, these observations suggest that a functional RTN4R gene variant is associated with SALS. This variant may act in concert with other genetic variants or environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Amy
- a INSERM U930 , Tours , France.,b Université François Rabelais , Tours , France
| | - Oliver Staehlin
- c Institute of Psychopharmacology at Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Frédérique René
- d INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence , Strasbourg , France.,e Université de Strasbourg, UMRS 1118 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- a INSERM U930 , Tours , France.,b Université François Rabelais , Tours , France.,f Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Bretonneau , CHRU de Tours, Tours , France
| | | | | | - Patrick Vourc'h
- a INSERM U930 , Tours , France.,b Université François Rabelais , Tours , France.,f Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Bretonneau , CHRU de Tours, Tours , France
| | - Paul H Gordon
- g Northern Navajo Medical Center , Shiprock NM , USA
| | - William Camu
- h ALS Centre, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- a INSERM U930 , Tours , France.,b Université François Rabelais , Tours , France.,i ALS Centre, Department of Neurology , CHRU de Tours, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- d INSERM U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence , Strasbourg , France.,e Université de Strasbourg, UMRS 1118 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- j Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- c Institute of Psychopharmacology at Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Christian R Andres
- a INSERM U930 , Tours , France.,b Université François Rabelais , Tours , France.,f Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Bretonneau , CHRU de Tours, Tours , France
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Llorens F, Gil V, del Río JA. Emerging functions of myelin-associated proteins during development, neuronal plasticity, and neurodegeneration. FASEB J 2010; 25:463-75. [PMID: 21059749 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-162792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons have a limited regrowth capacity following injury. Myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) limit axonal outgrowth, and their blockage improves the regeneration of damaged fiber tracts. Three of these proteins, Nogo-A, MAG, and OMgp, share two common neuronal receptors: NgR1, together with its coreceptors [p75(NTR), TROY, and Lingo-1]; and the recently described paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB). These proteins impair neuronal regeneration by limiting axonal sprouting. Some of the elements involved in the myelin inhibitory pathways may still be unknown, but the discovery that blocking both PirB and NgR1 activities leads to near-complete release from myelin inhibition, sheds light on one of the most competitive and intense fields of neuroregeneration study in recent decades. In parallel with the identification and characterization of the roles and functions of these inhibitory molecules in axonal regeneration, data gathered in the field strongly suggest that most of these proteins have roles other than axonal growth inhibition. The discovery of a new group of interacting partners for myelin-associated receptors and ligands, as well as functional studies within or outside the CNS environment, highlights the potential new physiological roles for these proteins in processes, such as development, neuronal homeostasis, plasticity, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franc Llorens
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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