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Fam MS, Sedky CA, Turky NO, Breitinger HG, Breitinger U. Channel activity of SARS-CoV-2 viroporin ORF3a inhibited by adamantanes and phenolic plant metabolites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5328. [PMID: 37005439 PMCID: PMC10067842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for the major worldwide pandemic of COVID-19. Despite the enormous success of vaccination campaigns, virus infections are still prevalent and effective antiviral therapies are urgently needed. Viroporins are essential for virus replication and release, and are thus promising therapeutic targets. Here, we studied the expression and function of recombinant ORF3a viroporin of SARS-CoV-2 using a combination of cell viability assays and patch-clamp electrophysiology. ORF3a was expressed in HEK293 cells and transport to the plasma membrane verified by a dot blot assay. Incorporation of a membrane-directing signal peptide increased plasma membrane expression. Cell viability tests were carried out to measure cell damage associated with ORF3a activity, and voltage-clamp recordings verified its channel activity. The classical viroporin inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine inhibited ORF3a channels. A series of ten flavonoids and polyphenolics were studied. Kaempferol, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, nobiletin, resveratrol and curcumin were ORF3a inhibitors, with IC50 values ranging between 1 and 6 µM, while 6-gingerol, apigenin, naringenin and genistein were inactive. For flavonoids, inhibitory activity could be related to the pattern of OH groups on the chromone ring system. Thus, the ORF3a viroporin of SARS-CoV-2 may indeed be a promising target for antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sherif Fam
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Christine Adel Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Nancy Osama Turky
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hans-Georg Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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Milton-Laskibar I, Trepiana J, Macarulla MT, Gómez-Zorita S, Arellano-García L, Fernández-Quintela A, Portillo MP. Potential usefulness of Mediterranean diet polyphenols against COVID-19-induced inflammation: a review of the current knowledge. J Physiol Biochem 2022:10.1007/s13105-022-00926-0. [PMID: 36346507 PMCID: PMC9641689 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a dietary pattern typical of the populations living in the Mediterranean basin during the 50s-60s of the last century. This diet has demonstrated beneficial effects in the prevention of several pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, or several cancer types, at least in part, due to its antioxidant compounds. Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, different authors have been studying the effects of certain dietary habits on the presence of COVID-19 and its severity, and the Mediterranean diet is one of them. This review gathers data from studies supporting the potential usefulness of the main phenolic compounds present in the Mediterranean diet, based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as preventive/therapeutic agents against COVID-19. The current evidence supports the potential benefits that hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, flavonols such as quercetin, flavanols like catechins, and flavanones on the order of naringenin could have on COVID-19. This is due to the increase in the synthesis and translocations of Nrf-2, which increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and thus reduces ROS production, the scavenging of free radicals, and the suppression of the activity of MMP-9, which is involved in the cytokine storm, and the inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Spanish National Research Council, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain ,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Teresa Macarulla
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Arellano-García
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María P. Portillo
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Domi E, Hoxha M, Kolovani E, Tricarico D, Zappacosta B. The Importance of Nutraceuticals in COVID-19: What's the Role of Resveratrol? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082376. [PMID: 35458574 PMCID: PMC9030369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since COVID-19 has affected global public health, there has been an urgency to find a solution to limit both the number of infections, and the aggressiveness of the disease once infected. The main characteristic of this infection is represented by a strong alteration of the immune system which, day by day, increases the risk of mortality, and can lead to a multiorgan dysfunction. Because nutritional profile can influence patient’s immunity, we focus our interest on resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound known for its immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties. We reviewed all the information concerning the different roles of resveratrol in COVID-19 pathophysiology using PubMed and Scopus as the main databases. Interestingly, we find out that resveratrol may exert its role through different mechanisms. In fact, it has antiviral activity inhibiting virus entrance in cells and viral replication. Resveratrol also improves autophagy and decreases pro-inflammatory agents expression acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. It regulates immune cell response and pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevents the onset of thrombotic events that usually occur in COVID-19 patients. Since resveratrol acts through different mechanisms, the effect could be enhanced, making a totally natural agent particularly effective as an adjuvant in anti COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Domi
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Malvina Hoxha
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Entela Kolovani
- Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Rruga e Dibrës, 1005 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania; (E.D.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +355-42-273-290
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Rai PK, Mueed Z, Chowdhury A, Deval R, Kumar D, Kamal MA, Negi YS, Pareek S, Poddar NK. Current Overviews on COVID-19 Management Strategies. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:361-387. [PMID: 33966618 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210509022313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has hit the world lately and caused acute respiratory syndrome in humans. The causative agent of the disease was soon brought to focus by scientists as SARS-CoV-2 and later called a novel coronavirus by the general public. Due to the severity and rapid spread of the disease, WHO classifies the COVID-19 pandemic as the 6th public health emergency even after taking efforts like worldwide quarantine and restrictions. Since only symptomatic treatment is available, the best way to control the spread of the virus is by taking preventive measures. Various types of antigen/antibody detection kits and diagnostic methods are available for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. In recent years, various phytochemicals and repurposing drugs are showing a broad range of anti-viral activities with different modes of action have been identified. Repurposing drugs such as arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir, favipiravir, remdesivir, hexamethylene amiloride, and dexamethasone, tocilizumab, interferon-β, neutralizing antibodies exhibit in vitro anti-coronaviral properties by inhibiting multiple processes in the virus life cycle. Various research groups are involved in drug trials and vaccine development. Plant-based anti-viral compounds such as baicalin, calanolides, curcumin, oxymatrine, matrine, and resveratrol exhibit different modes of action against a wide range of positive/negative sense-RNA/DNA virus, and future researches need to be conducted to ascertain their role, use in managing SARS-CoV-2. Thus, this article is an attempt to review the current understanding of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease and summarize its clinical features with their prospective control and various aspects of the therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zeba Mueed
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhiroop Chowdhury
- School of Environment & Sustainability, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Ravi Deval
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan. China
| | - Yogeshwar Singh Negi
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, DehmiKalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur-303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shubhra Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, DehmiKalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur-303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, DehmiKalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur-303007, Rajasthan, India
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Han YJ, Ren ZG, Li XX, Yan JL, Ma CY, Wu DD, Ji XY. Advances and challenges in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1803-1810. [PMID: 32714083 PMCID: PMC7378666 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading rapidly throughout the world. Previously, there were two outbreaks of severe coronavirus caused by different coronaviruses worldwide, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This article introduced the origin, virological characteristics and epidemiological overview of SARS-CoV-2, reviewed the currently known drugs that may prevent and treat coronavirus, explained the characteristics of the new coronavirus and provided novel information for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Han
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Clinical Laboratory and Functional Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Ren
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Clinical Laboratory and Functional Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Ji-Liang Yan
- Clinical Laboratory and Functional Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ma
- Clinical Laboratory and Functional Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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6
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Paemanee A, Hitakarun A, Roytrakul S, Smith DR. Screening of melatonin, α-tocopherol, folic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine and resveratrol for anti-dengue 2 virus activity. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:307. [PMID: 29769094 PMCID: PMC5956857 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infections with the mosquito transmitted dengue virus (DENV) are a significant public health burden in many parts of the world. Despite the introduction of a commercial vaccine in some parts of the world, the majority of the populations at risk of infection remain unprotected against this disease, and there is currently no treatment for DENV infection. Natural compounds offer the prospect of cheap and sustainable therapeutics to reduce the disease burden during infection, and thus potentially alleviate the risk of more severe disease. This study evaluated the potential anti-DENV 2 activity of five natural compounds namely melatonin, α-tocopherol, folic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine and resveratrol in two different cell lines. RESULTS Screening of the compounds showed that one compound (acetyl-L-carnitine) showed no effect on DENV infection, three compounds (melatonin, α-tocopherol and folic acid) slightly increased levels of infection, while the 5th compound, resveratrol, showed some limited anti-DENV activity, with resveratrol reducing virus output with an EC50 of less than 25 μM. These results suggest that some commonly taken natural compounds may have beneficial effects on DENV infection, but that others may potentially add to the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Paemanee
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand.,Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Atitaya Hitakarun
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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MERS-CoV: Understanding the Latest Human Coronavirus Threat. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020093. [PMID: 29495250 PMCID: PMC5850400 DOI: 10.3390/v10020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human coronaviruses cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. In 2012, a sixth human coronavirus (hCoV) was isolated from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness. The 60-year-old man died as a result of renal and respiratory failure after admission to a hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The aetiological agent was eventually identified as a coronavirus and designated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV has now been reported in more than 27 countries across the Middle East, Europe, North Africa and Asia. As of July 2017, 2040 MERS-CoV laboratory confirmed cases, resulting in 712 deaths, were reported globally, with a majority of these cases from the Arabian Peninsula. This review summarises the current understanding of MERS-CoV, with special reference to the (i) genome structure; (ii) clinical features; (iii) diagnosis of infection; and (iv) treatment and vaccine development.
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Wu X, Wu X, Sun Q, Zhang C, Yang S, Li L, Jia Z. Progress of small molecular inhibitors in the development of anti-influenza virus agents. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:826-845. [PMID: 28382157 PMCID: PMC5381247 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza pandemic is a major threat to human health, and highly aggressive strains such as H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9 have emphasized the need for therapeutic strategies to combat these pathogens. Influenza anti-viral agents, especially active small molecular inhibitors play important roles in controlling pandemics while vaccines are developed. Currently, only a few drugs, which function as influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors, are approved in clinical. However, the acquired resistance against current anti-influenza drugs and the emerging mutations of influenza virus itself remain the major challenging unmet medical needs for influenza treatment. It is highly desirable to identify novel anti-influenza agents. This paper reviews the progress of small molecular inhibitors act as antiviral agents, which include hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitors, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, NA inhibitors and M2 ion channel protein inhibitors etc. Moreover, we also summarize new, recently reported potential targets and discuss strategies for the development of new anti-influenza virus drugs.
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Cheng K, Wu Z, Gao B, Xu J. Analysis of influence of baicalin joint resveratrol retention enema on the TNF-α, SIgA, IL-2, IFN-γ of rats with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:1305-9. [PMID: 24938899 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Explore the influence of baicalin joint resveratrol retention enema on TNF-α, SIgA, IL-2, and IFN-γ of rats with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, baicalin group, resveratrol group, joint group, and ribavirin group. For model group, baicalin group, resveratrol group, joint group, and ribavirin group, rats were given RSV virus suspension intranasally for 3 days, and model group was not given administration. Baicalin group, resveratrol group, joint group, and ribavirin group were, respectively, given baicalin 100 mg/kg/day, resveratrol 30 mg/kg/day, baicalin joint resveratrol, and ribavirin 1 g/kg/day retention enema. After continuously given administration 7 days, rats were measured in serum TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ levels and SIgA levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Model group, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, and SIgA were significantly higher than the normal group (P < 0.05); Baicalin group, resveratrol group, ribavirin group, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, and SIgA were significantly higher than the model group (P < 0.05); TNF-α, IL-2 between baicalin group, resveratrol group, ribavirin group, have no significant difference (P > 0.05); Baicalin group, resveratrol group, joint group, IFN-γ, and SIgA were significantly higher than the ribavirin group (P < 0.05); Joint group TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, and SIgA were significantly higher than baicalin group, resveratrol group, and ribavirin group (P < 0.05). Baicalin joint resveratrol retention enema can increase RSV infection model in rats serum TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ levels and SIgA levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which may anti-virus through this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
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10
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Vargas JE, Puga R, Poloni JDF, Saraiva Macedo Timmers LF, Porto BN, Norberto de Souza O, Bonatto D, Condessa Pitrez PM, Tetelbom Stein R. A network flow approach to predict protein targets and flavonoid backbones to treat respiratory syncytial virus infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:301635. [PMID: 25879022 PMCID: PMC4386546 DOI: 10.1155/2015/301635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the major cause of respiratory disease in lower respiratory tract in infants and young children. Attempts to develop effective vaccines or pharmacological treatments to inhibit RSV infection without undesired effects on human health have been unsuccessful. However, RSV infection has been reported to be affected by flavonoids. The mechanisms underlying viral inhibition induced by these compounds are largely unknown, making the development of new drugs difficult. METHODS To understand the mechanisms induced by flavonoids to inhibit RSV infection, a systems pharmacology-based study was performed using microarray data from primary culture of human bronchial cells infected by RSV, together with compound-proteomic interaction data available for Homo sapiens. RESULTS After an initial evaluation of 26 flavonoids, 5 compounds (resveratrol, quercetin, myricetin, apigenin, and tricetin) were identified through topological analysis of a major chemical-protein (CP) and protein-protein interacting (PPI) network. In a nonclustered form, these flavonoids regulate directly the activity of two protein bottlenecks involved in inflammation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may potentially help uncovering mechanisms of action of early RSV infection and provide chemical backbones and their protein targets in the difficult quest to develop new effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Vargas
- Centro Infant, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenue Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Puga
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joice de Faria Poloni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers
- Faculty of Informatics, Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Modelling & Simulation of Biosystems, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Nery Porto
- Centro Infant, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenue Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Norberto de Souza
- Faculty of Informatics, Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Modelling & Simulation of Biosystems, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Márcio Condessa Pitrez
- Centro Infant, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenue Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Tetelbom Stein
- Centro Infant, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenue Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is part of normal cellular aerobic metabolism, due to respiration and oxidation of nutrients in order to generate energy. Low levels of ROS are involved in cellular signaling and are well controlled by the cellular antioxidant defense system. Elevated levels of ROS generation due to pollutants, toxins and radiation exposure, as well as infections, are associated with oxidative stress causing cellular damage. Several respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and influenza, induce increased ROS formation, both intracellularly and as a result of increased inflammatory cell recruitment at the site of infection. They also reduce antioxidant enzyme (AOE) levels and/or activity, leading to unbalanced oxidative-antioxidant status and subsequent oxidative cell damage. Expression of several AOE is controlled by the activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), through binding to the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) present in the AOE gene promoters. While exposure to several pro-oxidant stimuli usually leads to Nrf2 activation and upregulation of AOE expression, respiratory viral infections are associated with inhibition of AOE expression/activity, which in the case of RSV and hMPV is associated with reduced Nrf2 nuclear localization, decreased cellular levels and reduced ARE-dependent gene transcription. Therefore, administration of antioxidant mimetics or Nrf2 inducers represents potential viable therapeutic approaches to viral-induced diseases, such as respiratory infections and other infections associated with decreased cellular antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Komaravelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA ; Department of Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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12
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Garofalo RP, Kolli D, Casola A. Respiratory syncytial virus infection: mechanisms of redox control and novel therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:186-217. [PMID: 22799599 PMCID: PMC3513983 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children, for which no effective treatment is currently available. Although the mechanisms of RSV-induced airway disease remain incompletely defined, the lung inflammatory response is thought to play a central pathogenetic role. In the past few years, we and others have provided increasing evidence of a role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as important regulators of RSV-induced cellular signaling leading to the expression of key proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. In addition, RSV-induced oxidative stress, which results from an imbalance between ROS production and airway antioxidant defenses, due to a widespread inhibition of antioxidant enzyme expression, is likely to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of RSV-associated lung inflammatory disease, as demonstrated by a significant increase in markers of oxidative injury, which correlate with the severity of clinical illness, in children with RSV infection. Modulation of ROS production and oxidative stress therefore represents a potential novel pharmacological approach to ameliorate RSV-induced lung inflammation and its long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto P Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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13
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Burns KEA, Chant C, Smith O, Cuthbertson B, Fowler R, Cook DJ, Kruger P, Webb S, Alhashemi J, Dominguez-Cherit G, Zala C, Rubenfeld GD, Marshall JC. A Canadian Critical Care Trials Group project in collaboration with the international forum for acute care trialists - Collaborative H1N1 Adjuvant Treatment pilot trial (CHAT): study protocol and design of a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011; 12:70. [PMID: 21388549 PMCID: PMC3068961 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine origin influenza A/H1N1 infection (H1N1) emerged in early 2009 and rapidly spread to humans. For most infected individuals, symptoms were mild and self-limited; however, a small number developed a more severe clinical syndrome characterized by profound respiratory failure with hospital mortality ranging from 10 to 30%. While supportive care and neuraminidase inhibitors are the main treatment for influenza, data from observational and interventional studies suggest that the course of influenza can be favorably influenced by agents not classically considered as influenza treatments. Multiple observational studies have suggested that HMGCoA reductase inhibitors (statins) can exert a class effect in attenuating inflammation. The Collaborative H1N1 Adjuvant Treatment (CHAT) Pilot Trial sought to investigate the feasibility of conducting a trial during a global pandemic in critically ill patients with H1N1 with the goal of informing the design of a larger trial powered to determine impact of statins on important outcomes. METHODS/DESIGN A multi-national, pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of once daily enteral rosuvastatin versus matched placebo administered for 14 days for the treatment of critically ill patients with suspected, probable or confirmed H1N1 infection. We propose to randomize 80 critically ill adults with a moderate to high index of suspicion for H1N1 infection who require mechanical ventilation and have received antiviral therapy for ≤ 72 hours. Site investigators, research coordinators and clinical pharmacists will be blinded to treatment assignment. Only research pharmacy staff will be aware of treatment assignment. We propose several approaches to informed consent including a priori consent from the substitute decision maker (SDM), waived and deferred consent. The primary outcome of the CHAT trial is the proportion of eligible patients enrolled in the study. Secondary outcomes will evaluate adherence to medication administration regimens, the proportion of primary and secondary endpoints collected, the number of patients receiving open-label statins, consent withdrawals and the effect of approved consent models on recruitment rates. DISCUSSION Several aspects of study design including the need to include central randomization, preserve allocation concealment, ensure study blinding compare to a matched placebo and the use novel consent models pose challenges to investigators conducting pandemic research. Moreover, study implementation requires that trial design be pragmatic and initiated in a short time period amidst uncertainty regarding the scope and duration of the pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN45190901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen EA Burns
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clarence Chant
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Orla Smith
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Cuthbertson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Fowler
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah J Cook
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Kruger
- Intensive Care Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve Webb
- Intensive Care, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Carlos Zala
- Hospital Central de San Isidro, Dr. Melchor Angel Posse, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gordon D Rubenfeld
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Marshall
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Matias AA, Serra AT, Silva AC, Perdigão R, Ferreira TB, Marcelino I, Silva S, Coelho AV, Alves PM, Duarte CMM. Portuguese winemaking residues as a potential source of natural anti-adenoviral agents. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 61:357-68. [PMID: 20109126 DOI: 10.3109/09637480903430990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To date there are no licensed systemic or topical treatments in Europe or the USA for adenovirus infections. In the present paper, we evaluate the effect of a polyphenol-based grape extract (NE) obtained from Portuguese white-winemaking by-products, and Resveratrol in pure form, on adenovirus type 5 infection. For this purpose, recombinant adenovirus vectors (Ad-5) and a human-derived cell line (293) were used as models. The NE and Resveratrol at the used concentrations do not induce cell cytotoxicity or direct virucidal activity; however, they reduce 4.5 and 6.5 log (TCID(50)/ml) on total infectious Ad-5 production, respectively. The capacity of Ad-5 replication upon removal of NE and Resveratrol after 24 h post infection was also evaluated. In contrast to Resveratrol, the highest evaluated NE concentration inhibits irreversibly the Ad-5 replication. These results provide useful information for the use of NE and Resveratrol as potential sources of promising natural antiviral agents on Ad-5 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Matias
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras, Portugal
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