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Ruminski PG, Rettig MP, DiPersio JF. Development of VLA4 and CXCR4 Antagonists for the Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1003. [PMID: 39199390 PMCID: PMC11353233 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies typically includes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as part of a therapeutic standard of care. The primary graft source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for HSCT is mobilized from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood of allogeneic donors or patients. More recently, these mobilized HSPCs have also been the source for gene editing strategies to treat diseases such as sickle-cell anemia. For a HSCT to be successful, it requires the infusion of a sufficient number of HSPCs that are capable of adequate homing to the bone marrow niche and the subsequent regeneration of stable trilineage hematopoiesis in a timely manner. Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is currently the most frequently used agent for HSPC mobilization. However, it requires five or more daily infusions to produce an adequate number of HSPCs and the use of G-CSF alone often results in suboptimal stem cell yields in a significant number of patients. Furthermore, there are several undesirable side effects associated with G-CSF, and it is contraindicated for use in sickle-cell anemia patients, where it has been linked to serious vaso-occlusive and thrombotic events. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the cell surface integrin α4β1 (very late antigen 4 (VLA4)) are both involved in the homing and retention of HSPCs within the bone marrow microenvironment. Preclinical and/or clinical studies have shown that targeted disruption of the interaction of the CXCR4 or VLA4 receptors with their endogenous ligands within the bone marrow niche results in the rapid and reversible mobilization of HSPCs into the peripheral circulation and is synergistic when combined with G-CSF. In this review, we discuss the roles CXCR4 and VLA4 play in bone marrow homing and retention and will summarize more recent development of small-molecule CXCR4 and VLA4 inhibitors that, when combined, can synergistically improve the magnitude, quality and convenience of HSPC mobilization for stem cell transplantation and ex vivo gene therapy after the administration of just a single dose. This optimized regimen has the potential to afford a superior alternative to G-CSF for HSPC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St Louis, MO 63105, USA
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2
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Li L, Bowling S, McGeary SE, Yu Q, Lemke B, Alcedo K, Jia Y, Liu X, Ferreira M, Klein AM, Wang SW, Camargo FD. A mouse model with high clonal barcode diversity for joint lineage, transcriptomic, and epigenomic profiling in single cells. Cell 2023; 186:5183-5199.e22. [PMID: 37852258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellular lineage histories and their molecular states encode fundamental principles of tissue development and homeostasis. Current lineage-recording mouse models have insufficient barcode diversity and single-cell lineage coverage for profiling tissues composed of millions of cells. Here, we developed DARLIN, an inducible Cas9 barcoding mouse line that utilizes terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and 30 CRISPR target sites. DARLIN is inducible, generates massive lineage barcodes across tissues, and enables the detection of edited barcodes in ∼70% of profiled single cells. Using DARLIN, we examined fate bias within developing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and revealed unique features of HSC migration. Additionally, we established a protocol for joint transcriptomic and epigenomic single-cell measurements with DARLIN and found that cellular clonal memory is associated with genome-wide DNA methylation rather than gene expression or chromatin accessibility. DARLIN will enable the high-resolution study of lineage relationships and their molecular signatures in diverse tissues and physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Bowling
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean E McGeary
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Yu
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bianca Lemke
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karel Alcedo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xugeng Liu
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Ferreira
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shou-Wen Wang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Guo X, Zheng H, Guo Y, Heng BC, Yang Y, Yao W, Jiang S. A three-dimensional actively spreading bone repair material based on cell spheroids can facilitate the preservation of tooth extraction sockets. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1161192. [PMID: 36923463 PMCID: PMC10009228 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Achieving a successful reconstruction of alveolar bone morphology still remains a challenge because of the irregularity and complex microenvironment of tooth sockets. Biological materials including hydroxyapatite and collagen, are used for alveolar ridge preservation. However, the healing effect is often unsatisfactory. Methods: Inspired by superwetting biomimetic materials, we constructed a 3D actively-spreading bone repair material. It consisted of photocurable polyether F127 diacrylate hydrogel loaded with mixed spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Results: Biologically, cells in the spheroids were able to spread and migrate outwards, and possessed both osteogenic and angiogenic potential. Meanwhile, ECs also enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mechanically, the excellent physical properties of F127DA hydrogel ensured that it was able to be injected directly into the tooth socket and stabilized after light curing. In vivo experiments showed that MSC-EC-F127DA system promoted bone repair and preserved the shape of alveolar ridge within a short time duration. Discussion: In conclusion, the novel photocurable injectable MSC-EC-F127DA hydrogel system was able to achieve three-dimensional tissue infiltration, and exhibited much therapeutic potential for complex oral bone defects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yusi Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shengjie Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,4 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Soliman AM, Barreda DR. Acute Inflammation in Tissue Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010641. [PMID: 36614083 PMCID: PMC9820461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well-established links between acute inflammation and successful tissue repair across evolution. Innate immune reactions contribute significantly to pathogen clearance and activation of subsequent reparative events. A network of molecular and cellular regulators supports antimicrobial and tissue repair functions throughout the healing process. A delicate balance must be achieved between protection and the potential for collateral tissue damage associated with overt inflammation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of key cellular and molecular components to the acute inflammatory process and the effective and timely transition toward activation of tissue repair mechanisms. We further discuss how the disruption of inflammatory responses ultimately results in chronic non-healing injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M. Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(780)492-0375
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5
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Asare-Bediako B, Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Abad A, Li Calzi S, Floyd JL, Prasad R, DuPont M, Asare-Bediako R, Bustelo XR, Grant MB. Hematopoietic Cells Influence Vascular Development in the Retina. Cells 2022; 11:3207. [PMID: 36291075 PMCID: PMC9601270 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cells play a crucial role in the adult retina in health and disease. Monocytes, macrophages, microglia and myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) have all been implicated in retinal pathology. However, the role that hematopoietic cells play in retinal development is understudied. The temporal changes in recruitment of hematopoietic cells into the developing retina and the phenotype of the recruited cells are not well understood. In this study, we used the hematopoietic cell-specific protein Vav1 to track and investigate hematopoietic cells in the developing retina. By flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, we show that hematopoietic cells are present in the retina as early as P0, and include microglia, monocytes and MACs. Even before the formation of retinal blood vessels, hematopoietic cells localize to the inner retina where they eventually form networks that intimately associate with the developing vasculature. Loss of Vav1 lead to a reduction in the density of medium-sized vessels and an increased inflammatory response in retinal astrocytes. When pups were subjected to oxygen-induced retinopathy, hematopoietic cells maintained a close association with the vasculature and occasionally formed 'frameworks' for the generation of new vessels. Our study provides further evidence for the underappreciated role of hematopoietic cells in retinal vasculogenesis and the formation of a healthy retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Asare-Bediako
- Vision Science Graduate Program, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Vision Science Graduate Program, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Antonio Abad
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Salamanca, CSIC and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER), CSIC and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jason L. Floyd
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mariana DuPont
- Vision Science Graduate Program, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Richmond Asare-Bediako
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Xose R. Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Salamanca, CSIC and University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Mende N, Bastos HP, Santoro A, Mahbubani KT, Ciaurro V, Calderbank EF, Londoño MQ, Sham K, Mantica G, Morishima T, Mitchell E, Lidonnici MR, Meier-Abt F, Hayler D, Jardine L, Curd A, Haniffa M, Ferrari G, Takizawa H, Wilson NK, Göttgens B, Saeb-Parsy K, Frontini M, Laurenti E. Unique molecular and functional features of extramedullary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell reservoirs in humans. Blood 2022; 139:3387-3401. [PMID: 35073399 PMCID: PMC7612845 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pools outside the bone marrow (BM) contribute to blood production in stress and disease but remain ill-defined. Although nonmobilized peripheral blood (PB) is routinely sampled for clinical management, the diagnosis and monitoring potential of PB HSPCs remain untapped, as no healthy PB HSPC baseline has been reported. Here we comprehensively delineate human extramedullary HSPC compartments comparing spleen, PB, and mobilized PB to BM using single-cell RNA-sequencing and/or functional assays. We uncovered HSPC features shared by extramedullary tissues and others unique to PB. First, in contrast to actively dividing BM HSPCs, we found no evidence of substantial ongoing hematopoiesis in extramedullary tissues at steady state but report increased splenic HSPC proliferative output during stress erythropoiesis. Second, extramedullary hematopoietic stem cells/multipotent progenitors (HSCs/MPPs) from spleen, PB, and mobilized PB share a common transcriptional signature and increased abundance of lineage-primed subsets compared with BM. Third, healthy PB HSPCs display a unique bias toward erythroid-megakaryocytic differentiation. At the HSC/MPP level, this is functionally imparted by a subset of phenotypic CD71+ HSCs/MPPs, exclusively producing erythrocytes and megakaryocytes, highly abundant in PB but rare in other adult tissues. Finally, the unique erythroid-megakaryocytic-skewing of PB is perturbed with age in essential thrombocythemia and β-thalassemia. Collectively, we identify extramedullary lineage-primed HSPC reservoirs that are nonproliferative in situ and report involvement of splenic HSPCs during demand-adapted hematopoiesis. Our data also establish aberrant composition and function of circulating HSPCs as potential clinical indicators of BM dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mende
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugo P. Bastos
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonella Santoro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa T. Mahbubani
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerio Ciaurro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily F. Calderbank
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariana Quiroga Londoño
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kendig Sham
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanna Mantica
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tatsuya Morishima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Centre for Medical Sciences, and Centre for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 860-0811 Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Emily Mitchell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Group, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Maria Rosa Lidonnici
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabienne Meier-Abt
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hayler
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Haematology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Abbie Curd
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
| | - Giuliana Ferrari
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Centre for Medical Sciences, and Centre for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nicola K. Wilson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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7
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Lei Z, Hu X, Wu Y, Fu L, Lai S, Lin J, Li X, Lv Y. The Role and Mechanism of the Vascular Endothelial Niche in Diseases: A Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:863265. [PMID: 35574466 PMCID: PMC9092213 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.863265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells, forming the inner wall of the blood vessels, participate in the body’s pathological and physiological processes of immunity, tumors, and infection. In response to an external stimulus or internal pathological changes, vascular endothelial cells can reshape their microenvironment, forming a “niche”. Current research on the vascular endothelial niche is a rapidly growing field in vascular biology. Endothelial niches not only respond to stimulation by external information but are also decisive factors that act on neighboring tissues and circulating cells. Intervention through the vascular niche is meaningful for improving the treatment of several diseases. This review aimed to summarize reported diseases affected by endothelial niches and signal molecular alterations or release within endothelial niches. We look forward to contributing knowledge to increase the understanding the signaling and mechanisms of the vascular endothelial niche in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Lei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaoqi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longsheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Songqing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Bonora M, Kahsay A, Pinton P. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in hematopoietic stem cell: Molecular regulation of quiescence, function, and differentiation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 362:111-140. [PMID: 34253293 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is based on the existence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with the capacity to self-proliferate and self-renew or to differentiate into specialized cells. The hematopoietic niche is the essential microenvironment where stem cells reside and integrate various stimuli to determine their fate. Recent studies have identified niche containing high level of calcium (Ca2+) suggesting that HSCs are sensitive to Ca2+. This is a highly versatile and ubiquitous second messenger that regulates a wide variety of cellular functions. Advanced methods for measuring its concentrations, genetic experiments, cell fate tracing data, single-cell imaging, and transcriptomics studies provide information into its specific roles to integrate signaling into an array of mechanisms that determine HSC identity, lineage potential, maintenance, and self-renewal. Accumulating and contrasting evidence, are revealing Ca2+ as a previously unacknowledged feature of HSC, involved in functional maintenance, by regulating multiple actors including transcription and epigenetic factors, Ca2+-dependent kinases and mitochondrial physiology. Mitochondria are significant participants in HSC functions and their responsiveness to cellular demands is controlled to a significant extent via Ca2+ signals. Recent reports indicate that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake also controls HSC fate. These observations reveal a physiological feature of hematopoietic stem cells that can be harnessed to improve HSC-related disease. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge Ca2+ in hematopoietic stem cell focusing on its potential involvement in proliferation, self-renewal and maintenance of HSC and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Asrat Kahsay
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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9
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Mende N, Laurenti E. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells outside the bone marrow: where, when, and why. Exp Hematol 2021; 104:9-16. [PMID: 34687807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is the primary site of adult blood production, hosting the majority of all hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Rare HSPCs are also found outside of the BM at steady state. In times of large hematopoietic demand or BM failure, substantial production of mature blood cells from HSPCs can occur in a number of tissues, in a process termed extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). Over the past decades, our understanding of BM hematopoiesis has advanced drastically. In contrast there has been very little focus on the study of extramedullary HSPC pools and their contributions to blood production. Here we summarize what is currently known about extramedullary HSPCs and EMH in mice and humans. We describe the evidence of existing extramedullary HSPC pools at steady state, then discuss their role in the hematopoietic stress response. We highlight that although EMH in humans is much less pronounced and likely physiologically distinct to that in mice, it can be informative about premalignant and malignant changes. Finally, we reflect on the open questions in the field and on whether a better understanding of EMH, particularly in humans, may have relevant clinical implications for hematological and nonhematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mende
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Félix RC, Anjos L, Costa RA, Letsiou S, Power DM. Cartilage Acidic Protein a Novel Therapeutic Factor to Improve Skin Damage Repair? Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100541. [PMID: 34677440 PMCID: PMC8536980 DOI: 10.3390/md19100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish skin has been gaining attention due to its efficacy as a human-wound-treatment product and to identify factors promoting its enhanced action. Skin fibroblasts have a central role in maintaining skin integrity and secrete extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins, growth factors and cytokines to rapidly repair lesions and prevent further damage or infection. The effects on scratch repair of the ubiquitous but poorly characterized ECM protein, cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1), from piscine and human sources were compared using a zebrafish SJD.1 primary fibroblast cell line. A classic in vitro cell scratch assay, immunofluorescence, biosensor and gene expression analysis were used. Our results demonstrated that the duplicate sea bass Crtac1a and Crtac1b proteins and human CRTAC-1A all promoted SJD.1 primary fibroblast migration in a classic scratch assay and in an electric cell impedance sensing assay. The immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CRTAC1 enhanced cell migration was most likely caused by actin-driven cytoskeletal changes and the cellular transcriptional response was most affected in the early stage (6 h) of scratch repair. In summary, our results suggest that CRTAC1 may be an important factor in fish skin promoting damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Castelo Félix
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.A.); (R.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.F.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Liliana Anjos
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rita Alves Costa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Scientific Affairs, APIVITA SA, Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, Markopoulo Attikis, 19003 Athens, Greece;
| | - Deborah Mary Power
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.A.); (R.A.C.)
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (R.C.F.); (D.M.P.)
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11
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New aspects of HSC mobilization for better therapeutic outcomes. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2583-2585. [PMID: 34158632 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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12
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Ho TT, Dellorusso PV, Verovskaya EV, Bakker ST, Flach J, Smith LK, Ventura PB, Lansinger OM, Hérault A, Zhang SY, Kang YA, Mitchell CA, Villeda SA, Passegué E. Aged hematopoietic stem cells are refractory to bloodborne systemic rejuvenation interventions. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212183. [PMID: 34032859 PMCID: PMC8155813 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While young blood can restore many aged tissues, its effects on the aged blood system itself and old hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have not been determined. Here, we used transplantation, parabiosis, plasma transfer, exercise, calorie restriction, and aging mutant mice to understand the effects of age-regulated systemic factors on HSCs and their bone marrow (BM) niche. We found that neither exposure to young blood, nor long-term residence in young niches after parabiont separation, nor direct heterochronic transplantation had any observable rejuvenating effects on old HSCs. Likewise, exercise and calorie restriction did not improve old HSC function, nor old BM niches. Conversely, young HSCs were not affected by systemic pro-aging conditions, and HSC function was not impacted by mutations influencing organismal aging in established long-lived or progeroid genetic models. Therefore, the blood system that carries factors with either rejuvenating or pro-aging properties for many other tissues is itself refractory to those factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore T Ho
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Evgenia V Verovskaya
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sietske T Bakker
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Johanna Flach
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lucas K Smith
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Patrick B Ventura
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Olivia M Lansinger
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Aurélie Hérault
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Si Yi Zhang
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yoon-A Kang
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Carl A Mitchell
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Saul A Villeda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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13
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Macrophages and Stem Cells-Two to Tango for Tissue Repair? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050697. [PMID: 34066618 PMCID: PMC8148606 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MCs) are present in all tissues, not only supporting homeostasis, but also playing an important role in organogenesis, post-injury regeneration, and diseases. They are a heterogeneous cell population due to their origin, tissue specificity, and polarization in response to aggression factors, depending on environmental cues. Thus, as pro-inflammatory M1 phagocytic MCs, they contribute to tissue damage and even fibrosis, but the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype participates in repairing processes and wound healing through a molecular interplay with most cells in adult stem cell niches. In this review, we emphasize MC phenotypic heterogeneity in health and disease, highlighting their systemic and systematic contribution to tissue homeostasis and repair. Unraveling the intervention of both resident and migrated MCs on the behavior of stem cells and the regulation of the stem cell niche is crucial for opening new perspectives for novel therapeutic strategies in different diseases.
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14
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Nakai A, Leach S, Suzuki K. Control of immune cell trafficking through inter-organ communication. Int Immunol 2021; 33:327-335. [PMID: 33751050 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a cardinal feature of the immune system. Immune cell trafficking is orchestrated principally by chemokines and adhesion molecules, which guide the cells to the right place and at the right time to efficiently induce immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that signals from other organ systems influence the expression of and responsiveness to these guidance cues and consequentially immune cell migration. Neuronal inputs control entry and exit of immune cells to and from lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The circadian clock helps establish diurnal variations in immune cell distribution among tissues. Nutritional status also alters immune cell homing to the bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about inter-organ control of immune cell trafficking and discuss the physiological and pathological significance of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakai
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah Leach
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Cordes S, Wu C, Dunbar CE. Clonal tracking of haematopoietic cells: insights and clinical implications. Br J Haematol 2021; 192:819-831. [PMID: 33216985 PMCID: PMC9927566 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput genomics have enabled the direct tracking of outputs from many cell types, greatly accelerating the study of developmental processes and tissue regeneration. The capacity for long-term self-renewal with multilineage differentiation potential characterises the cellular dynamics of a special set of developmental states that are critical for maintaining homeostasis. In haematopoiesis, the archetypal model for development, lineage-tracing experiments have elucidated the roles of haematopoietic stem cells to ongoing blood production and the importance of long-lived immune cells to immunological memory. An understanding of the biology and clonal dynamics of these cellular fates and states can provide clues to the response of haematopoiesis to ageing, the process of malignant transformation, and are key to designing more efficacious and durable clinical gene and cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Mian SA, Abarrategi A, Kong KL, Rouault-Pierre K, Wood H, Oedekoven CA, Smith AE, Batsivari A, Ariza-McNaughton L, Johnson P, Snoeks T, Mufti GJ, Bonnet D. Ectopic humanized mesenchymal niche in mice enables robust engraftment of myelodysplastic stem cells. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:135-145. [PMID: 33778768 PMCID: PMC7610449 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are clonal stem cell diseases characterized mainly by ineffective hematopoiesis. Here, we present an approach that enables robust long-term engraftment of primary MDS stem cells (MDS-SCs) in mice by implantation of human mesenchymal cell-seeded scaffolds. Critically for modelling MDS, where patient sample material is limiting, mononuclear bone marrow cells containing as few as 104 CD34+ cells can be engrafted and expanded by this approach with the maintenance of the genetic make-up seen in the patients. Non-invasive high-resolution ultrasound imaging shows that these scaffolds are fully perfused. Our data shows that human microenvironment but not mouse is essential to MDS-SCs homing and engraftment. Notably, the alternative niche provided by healthy donor MSCs enhanced engraftment of MDS-SCs. This study characterizes a new tool to model MDS human disease with the level of engraftment previously unattainable in mice, and offers insights into human-specific determinants of MDS-SC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Mian
- Department of Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kar Lok Kong
- Department of Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Wood
- Department of Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- King's College Hospital London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Oedekoven
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander E Smith
- Department of Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- King's College Hospital London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antoniana Batsivari
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Johnson
- Imaging Research Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Snoeks
- Imaging Research Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ghulam J Mufti
- Department of Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
- King's College Hospital London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Gentry R, Thompson CM, Franzen A, Salley J, Albertini R, Lu K, Greene T. Using mechanistic information to support evidence integration and synthesis: a case study with inhaled formaldehyde and leukemia. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 50:885-918. [PMID: 33538218 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1854678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is one of the most comprehensively studied chemicals, with over 30 years of research focused on understanding the development of cancer following inhalation. The causal conclusions regarding the potential for leukemia are largely based on the epidemiological literature, with little consideration of cancer bioassays, dosimetry studies, and mechanistic research, which challenge the biological plausibility of the disease. Recent reanalyzes of the epidemiological literature have also raised significant questions related to the purported associations between formaldehyde and leukemia. Because of this, considerable scientific debate and uncertainty remain on whether there is a causal association between formaldehyde inhalation exposure and leukemia. Further complexity in evaluating this association is related to the endogenous production of formaldehyde. Multiple modes of action (MOA) have been postulated for the development of leukemia following formaldehyde inhalation that includes unsupported hypotheses of direct or indirect toxicity to the target cell population. Herein, the available evidence relevant to evaluating the postulated MOAs for leukemia following formaldehyde inhalation exposure is organized in the IPCS MOA Framework. The integration of all the available evidence clearly highlights the limited amount of data that support any of the postulated MOAs and demonstrates a significant amount of research supporting the null hypothesis that there is no causal association between formaldehyde inhalation exposure and leukemia. These analyses result in a lack of confidence in any of the postulated MOAs, increasing confidence in the conclusion that there is a lack of biological plausibility for a causal association between formaldehyde inhalation exposure and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard Albertini
- Independent Consultant, Emeritus Professor, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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18
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The role of vascular niche and endothelial cells in organogenesis and regeneration. Exp Cell Res 2020; 398:112398. [PMID: 33271129 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The term vascular niche indicate the physical and biochemical microenvironment around blood vessel where endothelial cells, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells organize themselves to form blood vessels and release molecules involved in the recruitment of hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The vascular niche creates a permissive environment that enables different cell types to realize their developmental or regenerative programs. In this context, the proximity between the endothelium and the new-forming cellular components of organs suggests an essential role of endothelial cells in the organs maturation. Dynamic interactions between specific organ endothelial cells and different cellular conponents are crucial for different organ morphogenesis and function. Conversely, organs provide cues shaping vascular network structure.
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19
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Pollutants on Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196996. [PMID: 32977499 PMCID: PMC7583016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex and intricate process that aims to replenish blood components in a constant fashion. It is orchestrated mostly by hematopoietic progenitor cells (hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation. These cells can originate other cell subtypes that are responsible for maintaining vital functions, mediate innate and adaptive immune responses, provide tissues with oxygen, and control coagulation. Hematopoiesis in adults takes place in the bone marrow, which is endowed with an extensive vasculature conferring an intense flow of cells. A myriad of cell subtypes can be found in the bone marrow at different levels of activation, being also under constant action of an extensive amount of diverse chemical mediators and enzymatic systems. Bone marrow platelets, mature erythrocytes and leukocytes are delivered into the bloodstream readily available to meet body demands. Leukocytes circulate and reach different tissues, returning or not returning to the bloodstream. Senescent leukocytes, specially granulocytes, return to the bone marrow to be phagocytized by macrophages, restarting granulopoiesis. The constant high production and delivery of cells into the bloodstream, alongside the fact that blood cells can also circulate between tissues, makes the hematopoietic system a prime target for toxic agents to act upon, making the understanding of the bone marrow microenvironment vital for both toxicological sciences and risk assessment. Environmental and occupational pollutants, therapeutic molecules, drugs of abuse, and even nutritional status can directly affect progenitor cells at their differentiation and maturation stages, altering behavior and function of blood compounds and resulting in impaired immune responses, anemias, leukemias, and blood coagulation disturbances. This review aims to describe the most recently investigated molecular and cellular toxicity mechanisms of current major environmental pollutants on hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.
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20
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Mitroulis I, Kalafati L, Bornhäuser M, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Regulation of the Bone Marrow Niche by Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1540. [PMID: 32849521 PMCID: PMC7396603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in the bone marrow (BM) within a specialized micro-environment, the HSC niche, which comprises several cellular constituents. These include cells of mesenchymal origin, endothelial cells and HSC progeny, such as megakaryocytes and macrophages. The BM niche and its cell populations ensure the functional preservation of HSCs. During infection or systemic inflammation, HSCs adapt to and respond directly to inflammatory stimuli, such as pathogen-derived signals and elicited cytokines, in a process termed emergency myelopoiesis, which includes HSC activation, expansion, and enhanced myeloid differentiation. The cell populations of the niche participate in the regulation of emergency myelopoiesis, in part through secretion of paracrine factors in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli, thereby indirectly affecting HSC function. Here, we review the crosstalk between HSCs and cell populations in the BM niche, specifically focusing on the adaptation of the HSC niche to inflammation and how this inflammatory adaptation may, in turn, regulate emergency myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Haematology and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Kalafati
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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21
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Sasaki K, Wang YC, Lu L, Hughes J, Vujevich V, Thomson AW, Ezzelarab MB. Combined GM-CSF and G-CSF administration mobilizes CD4 + CD25 hi Foxp3 hi Treg in leukapheresis products of rhesus monkeys. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1691-1702. [PMID: 31883190 PMCID: PMC7768825 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Early phase clinical trials are evaluating the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic potential of ex vivo expanded regulatory T cells (Treg) in transplantation. A limitation is the paucity of naturally occurring Treg numbers in peripheral blood. Hence, protracted ex vivo expansion is required to obtain sufficient Treg in order to meet target cell doses. Because cytokine administration has been used successfully to mobilize immune cells to the peripheral blood in experimental and clinical studies, we hypothesized that granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) administration would enhance Treg percentages in leukapheresis products of rhesus monkeys. Following combined GM-CSF and G-CSF administration, the incidence of Treg in peripheral blood and leukapheresis products was elevated significantly, where approximately 3.7 × 106 /kg CD4+ CD25hi Foxp3hi or 6.8 × 106 /kg CD4+ CD25hi CD127lo Treg can be collected from individual products. Mobilized Treg expressed a comparable repertoire of surface markers, chemokine receptors, and transcription factors to naïve monkey peripheral blood Treg. Furthermore, when expanded ex vivo, mobilized leukapheresis product and peripheral blood Treg exhibited similar ability to suppress autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation. These observations indicate that leukapheresis products from combined GM-CSF- and G-CSF-mobilized individuals are a comparatively rich source of Treg and may circumvent long-term ex vivo expansion required for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sasaki
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lien Lu
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Hughes
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Veronica Vujevich
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohamed B. Ezzelarab
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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New Insights on the Emerging Genomic Landscape of CXCR4 in Cancer: A Lesson from WHIM. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020164. [PMID: 32260318 PMCID: PMC7349554 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular alterations leading to disease initiation and progression is currently crucial to identify the most relevant targets for precision therapy in cancer patients. Cancers express a complex chemokine network influencing leucocyte infiltration and angiogenesis. Moreover, malignant cells also express a selective repertoire of chemokine receptors that sustain their growth and spread. At present, different cancer types have been shown to overexpress C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and to respond to its ligand C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12). The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis influences cancer biology, promoting survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and plays a pivotal role in directing migration of cancer cells to sites of metastases, making it a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target. More recently, mutations in the C-terminus of CXCR4 have been identified in the genomic landscape of patients affected by Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, a rare B cell neoplasm. These mutations closely resemble those occurring in Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Immunodeficiency, and Myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome, an immunodeficiency associated with CXCR4 aberrant expression and activity and with chemotherapy resistance in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the relevance of CXCR4 mutations in cancer biology, focusing on its importance as predictors of clinical presentation and response to therapy.
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23
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Letsiou S, Félix RC, Cardoso JCR, Anjos L, Mestre AL, Gomes HL, Power DM. Cartilage acidic protein 1 promotes increased cell viability, cell proliferation and energy metabolism in primary human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie 2020; 171-172:72-78. [PMID: 32084494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) is an extracellular matrix protein of human chondrogenic tissue that is also present in other vertebrates, non-vertebrate eukaryotes and in some prokaryotes. The function of CRTAC1 remains unknown but the protein's structure indicates a role in cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions and calcium-binding. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of hCRTAC1-A on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). A battery of in vitro assays (biochemical and PCR), immunofluorescence and a biosensor approach were used to characterize the protein's biological activities on NHDF cells in a scratch assay. Gene expression analysis revealed that hCRTAC1-A protein is associated with altered levels of expression for genes involved in the processes of cell proliferation (CXCL12 and NOS2), cell migration (AQP3 and TNC), and extracellular matrix-ECM regeneration and remodeling (FMOD, TIMP1, FN1) indicating a role for hCRTAC1-A in promoting these activities in a scratch assay. In parallel, the candidate processes identified by differential gene transcription were substantiated and extended using Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology, immunofluorescence and cell viability assays. Our findings indicate that hCRTAC1-A stimulated cell proliferation, migration and ECM production in primary human fibroblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Letsiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Scientific Affairs, APIVITA SA, Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, 19003, Markopoulo Attikis, Athens, Greece.
| | - Rute C Félix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Liliana Anjos
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana L Mestre
- Universidade Do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique L Gomes
- Universidade Do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group (CEIB), Centro de Ciências Do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade Do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Universidade Do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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24
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Abstract
Enforced egress of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) out of the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral circulation, termed mobilization, has come a long way since its discovery over four decades ago. Mobilization research continues to be driven by the need to optimize the regimen currently available in the clinic with regard to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, costs, and donor convenience. In this review, we describe the most recent findings in the field and how we anticipate them to affect the development of mobilization strategies in the future. Furthermore, the significance of mobilization beyond HSC collection, i.e. for chemosensitization, conditioning, and gene therapy as well as a means to study the interactions between HSCs and their BM microenvironment, is reviewed. Open questions, controversies, and the potential impact of recent technical progress on mobilization research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Karpova
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Michael P Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine,, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
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25
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Gao JL, Owusu-Ansah A, Paun A, Beacht K, Yim E, Siwicki M, Yang A, Liu Q, McDermott DH, Murphy PM. Low-level Cxcr4-haploinsufficient HSC engraftment is sufficient to correct leukopenia in WHIM syndrome mice. JCI Insight 2019; 4:132140. [PMID: 31687976 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome immunodeficiency is caused by autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in chemokine receptor CXCR4. Patient WHIM-09 was spontaneously cured by chromothriptic deletion of 1 copy of 164 genes, including the CXCR4WHIM allele, presumably in a single hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) that repopulated HSCs and the myeloid lineage. Testing the specific contribution of CXCR4 hemizygosity to her cure, we previously demonstrated enhanced engraftment of Cxcr4+/o HSCs after transplantation in WHIM (Cxcr4+/w) model mice, but the potency was not quantitated. We now report graded-dose competitive transplantation experiments using lethally irradiated Cxcr4+/+ recipients in which mixed BM cells containing approximately 5 Cxcr4+/o HSCs and a 100-fold excess of Cxcr4+/w HSCs achieved durable 50% Cxcr4+/o myeloid and B cell chimerism in blood and approximately 20% Cxcr4+/o HSC chimerism in BM. In Cxcr4+/o/Cxcr4+/w parabiotic mice, we observed 80%-100% Cxcr4+/o myeloid and lymphoid chimerism in the blood and 15% Cxcr4+/o HSC chimerism in BM from the Cxcr4+/w parabiont, which was durable after separation from the Cxcr4+/o parabiont. Thus, CXCR4 haploinsufficiency likely significantly contributed to the selective repopulation of HSCs and the myeloid lineage from a single chromothriptic HSC in WHIM-09. Moreover, the results suggest that WHIM allele silencing of patient HSCs is a viable gene therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Liang Gao
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, and
| | | | - Andrea Paun
- Intracellular Parasite Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly Beacht
- Intracellular Parasite Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin Yim
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, and
| | - Marie Siwicki
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, and
| | - Alexander Yang
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, and
| | - Qian Liu
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, and
| | - David H McDermott
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, and
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, and
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26
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Yurova KA, Khaziakhmatova OG, Melashchenko ES, Malashchenko VV, Shunkin EO, Shupletsova VV, Ivanov PA, Khlusov IA, Litvinova LS. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Osteoblastic and Vascular Niches in the Processes of Hematopoiesis and Bone Remodeling (A Short Review of Modern Views). Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:663-669. [PMID: 30931856 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329153626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In evolutionary processes, human bone marrow has formed as an organ depot of various types of cells that arise from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Vital HSC activity is controlled through molecular interactions with the niche microenvironment. The review describes current views on the formation of key molecular and cellular components of the HSC niche, which ensure maintenance of home ostasis in stem cell niches, obtained from studies of their role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs, including the physiological, reparative and pathological remodeling of bone tissue. Due to rapid developments in biotechnology, tissue bioengineering, and regenerative medicine, information can be useful for developing biomimetic and bioinspired materials and implants that provide an effective bone/bone marrow recovery process after injuries and, to a greater extent, diseases of various etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Yurova
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Olga G Khaziakhmatova
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Elena S Melashchenko
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V Malashchenko
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Egor O Shunkin
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria V Shupletsova
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation.,Center for Medical Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Ivanov
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Khlusov
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Tomskaya oblast, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa S Litvinova
- Basic Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
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27
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Ridiandries A, Tan JTM, Bursill CA. The Role of Chemokines in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103217. [PMID: 30340330 PMCID: PMC6214117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a multistep process with four overlapping but distinct stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. An alteration at any stage may lead to the development of chronic non-healing wounds or excessive scar formation. Impaired wound healing presents a significant health and economic burden to millions of individuals worldwide, with diabetes mellitus and aging being major risk factors. Ongoing understanding of the mechanisms that underly wound healing is required for the development of new and improved therapies that increase repair. Chemokines are key regulators of the wound healing process. They are involved in the promotion and inhibition of angiogenesis and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, which release growth factors and cytokines to facilitate the wound healing process. Preclinical research studies in mice show that the administration of CCL2, CCL21, CXCL12, and a CXCR4 antagonist as well as broad-spectrum inhibition of the CC-chemokine class improve the wound healing process. The focus of this review is to highlight the contributions of chemokines during each stage of wound healing and to discuss the related molecular pathologies in complex and chronic non-healing wounds. We explore the therapeutic potential of targeting chemokines as a novel approach to overcome the debilitating effects of impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisyah Ridiandries
- Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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28
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Ge Y, Fuchs E. Stretching the limits: from homeostasis to stem cell plasticity in wound healing and cancer. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:311-325. [PMID: 29479084 PMCID: PMC6301069 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2018.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) govern tissue homeostasis and wound repair. They reside within niches, the special microenvironments within tissues that control SC lineage outputs. Upon injury or stress, new signals emanating from damaged tissue can divert nearby cells into adopting behaviours that are not part of their homeostatic repertoire. This behaviour, known as SC plasticity, typically resolves as wounds heal. However, in cancer, it can endure. Recent studies have yielded insights into the orchestrators of maintenance and lineage commitment for SCs belonging to three mammalian tissues: the haematopoietic system, the skin epithelium and the intestinal epithelium. We delineate the multifactorial determinants and general principles underlying the remarkable facets of SC plasticity, which lend promise for regenerative medicine and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejing Ge
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Wu C, Espinoza DA, Koelle SJ, Potter EL, Lu R, Li B, Yang D, Fan X, Donahue RE, Roederer M, Dunbar CE. Geographic clonal tracking in macaques provides insights into HSPC migration and differentiation. J Exp Med 2017; 215:217-232. [PMID: 29141868 PMCID: PMC5748860 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wu et al. use barcode tracking to uncover prolonged geographic bone marrow segregation of regenerating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell clones after transplantation and provide evidence for local bone marrow production of T cells. The geographic distribution of hematopoiesis at a clonal level is of interest in understanding how hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their progeny interact with bone marrow (BM) niches during regeneration. We tagged rhesus macaque autologous HSPCs with genetic barcodes, allowing clonal tracking over time and space after transplantation. We found marked geographic segregation of CD34+ HSPCs for at least 6 mo posttransplantation, followed by very gradual clonal mixing at different BM sites over subsequent months to years. Clonal mapping was used to document local production of granulocytes, monocytes, B cells, and CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells. In contrast, CD16+CD56− NK cells were not produced in the BM, and in fact were clonally distinct from multipotent progenitors producing all other lineages. Most surprisingly, we documented local BM production of CD3+ T cells early after transplantation, using both clonal mapping and intravascular versus tissue-resident T cell staining, suggesting a thymus-independent T cell developmental pathway operating during BM regeneration, perhaps before thymic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diego A Espinoza
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Samson J Koelle
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - E Lake Potter
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brian Li
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Di Yang
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Institute of hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert E Donahue
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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30
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Goichberg P. Current Understanding of the Pathways Involved in Adult Stem and Progenitor Cell Migration for Tissue Homeostasis and Repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:421-37. [PMID: 27209167 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the advancements in the field of adult stem and progenitor cells grows the recognition that the motility of primitive cells is a pivotal aspect of their functionality. There is accumulating evidence that the recruitment of tissue-resident and circulating cells is critical for organ homeostasis and effective injury responses, whereas the pathobiology of degenerative diseases, neoplasm and aging, might be rooted in the altered ability of immature cells to migrate. Furthermore, understanding the biological machinery determining the translocation patterns of tissue progenitors is of great relevance for the emerging methodologies for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. The present article provides an overview of studies addressing the physiological significance and diverse modes of stem and progenitor cell trafficking in adult mammalian organs, discusses the major microenvironmental cues regulating cell migration, and describes the implementation of live imaging approaches for the exploration of stem cell movement in tissues and the factors dictating the motility of endogenous and transplanted cells with regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Goichberg
- Department Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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31
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Splitting the "Unsplittable": Dissecting Resident and Infiltrating Macrophages in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102072. [PMID: 28961183 PMCID: PMC5666754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages predominate the inflammatory landscape within multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, not only regarding cellularity but also with respect to the diverse functions this cell fraction provides during disease progression and remission. Researchers have been well aware of the fact that the macrophage pool during central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity consists of a mixture of myeloid cells. Yet, separating these populations to define their unique contribution to disease pathology has long been challenging due to their similar marker expression. Sophisticated lineage tracing approaches as well as comprehensive transcriptome analysis have elevated our insight into macrophage biology to a new level enabling scientists to dissect the roles of resident (microglia and non-parenchymal macrophages) and infiltrating macrophages with unprecedented precision. To do so in an accurate way, researchers have to know their toolbox, which has been filled with diverse, discriminating approaches from decades of studying neuroinflammation in animal models. Every method has its own strengths and weaknesses, which will be addressed in this review. The focus will be on tools to manipulate and/or identify different macrophage subgroups within the injured murine CNS.
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32
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Ding DC, Shyu WC, Lin SZ, Li H. The Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Cerebral and Heart Diseases. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:273-84. [PMID: 17503738 DOI: 10.3727/000000007783464777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart and cerebral diseases are complex clinical syndromes. Endothelial dysfunction caused by dysfunctional endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is thought to play a major role in pathophysiology of both types of disease. Healthy EPCs may be able to replace the dysfunctional endothelium through endogenous repair mechanisms. EPC levels are changed in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease and EPCs may play a role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. EPCs are also a marker for preventive and therapeutic interventions. Homing of EPCs to ischemic sites is a mechanism of ischemic tissue repair, and molecules such as stromal-derived factor-1 and integrin may play a role in EPC homing in ischemic disease. Potentiation of the function and numbers of EPCs as well as combining EPCs with other pharmaceutical agents may improve the condition of ischemia patients. However, the precise role of EPCs in ischemic heart and cerebral disease and their therapeutic potential still remain to be explored. Here, we discuss the identification, mobilization, and clinical implications of EPCs in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Ching Ding
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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33
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Ogle ME, Olingy CE, Awojoodu AO, Das A, Ortiz RA, Cheung HY, Botchwey EA. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-3 Supports Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Residence Within the Bone Marrow Niche. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1040-1052. [PMID: 28026131 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) egress from bone marrow (BM) during homeostasis and at increased rates during stress; however, the mechanisms regulating their trafficking remain incompletely understood. Here we describe a novel role for lipid receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), in HSPC residence within the BM niche. HSPCs expressed increased levels of S1PR3 compared to differentiated BM cells. Pharmacological antagonism or knockout (KO) of S1PR3 mobilized HSPCs into blood circulation, suggesting that S1PR3 influences niche localization. S1PR3 antagonism suppressed BM and plasma SDF-1, enabling HSPCs to migrate toward S1P-rich plasma. Mobilization synergized with AMD3100-mediated antagonism of CXCR4, which tethers HSPCs in the niche, and recovered homing deficits of AMD3100-treated grafts. S1PR3 antagonism combined with AMD3100 improved re-engraftment and survival in lethally irradiated recipients. Our studies indicate that S1PR3 and CXCR4 signaling cooperate to maintain HSPCs within the niche under homeostasis. These results highlight an important role for S1PR3 in HSPC niche occupancy and trafficking that can be harnessed for both rapid clinical stem cell mobilization and re-engraftment strategies, as well as the opportunity to design novel therapeutics for control of recruitment, homing, and localization through bioactive lipid signaling. Stem Cells 2017;35:1040-1052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Claire E Olingy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anthony O Awojoodu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anusuya Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rafael A Ortiz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hoi Yin Cheung
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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34
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Vazquez-Mellado MJ, Monjaras-Embriz V, Rocha-Zavaleta L. Erythropoietin, Stem Cell Factor, and Cancer Cell Migration. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Šefer D, Bižić-Radulović S, Kraguljac-Kurtović N, Bogdanović A, Čokić V, Miljić P, Beleslin-Čokić B, Knežević V, Mitrović-Ajtić O, Leković D, Gotić M. Proliferative characteristics of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms - clinical implications. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 39:21-31. [PMID: 28025866 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph- MPN) are characterized by overproduction of one or more blood cell lines. METHODS We studied the proliferative characteristics of 91 patients with de novo Ph- MPN. Colony-forming cells (CFC) and endogenous colonies (EC), from bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB), were analyzed by colony assay based on methylcellulose. The level of circulating CD34+ cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The total number of PB CFC in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) was increased compared to the control sample (P < 0.01) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) (P < 0.05). The highest number of BM and PB EC was observed in polycythemia vera (PV) (P < 0.01). Increased levels of CD34+ cells characterized early-prefibrotic (57%) and advanced-fibrotic PMF (90%) as compared to PV (34%) and ET (32%) (P < 0.01). In the whole Ph- MPN group, the total number of PB CFC (P < 0.01), PB EC (P < 0.05), and CD34+ cells (P < 0.01) correlated with the degree of BM fibrosis. Higher levels of circulating CD34+ cells in PMF correlated with the total number of PB EC (P < 0.05) and degree of BM fibrosis (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Exploration of the PB proliferative characteristics of Ph- MPN on diagnosis may be helpful in revealing early-prefibrotic PMF. Monitoring the levels of circulating CD34+ cells may provide a sensitive indicator of fibrotic evolution in PV and PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Šefer
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Bižić-Radulović
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Kraguljac-Kurtović
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Bogdanović
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Čokić
- Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P Miljić
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Beleslin-Čokić
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Knežević
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - O Mitrović-Ajtić
- Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Leković
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Gotić
- Outpatient Clinic and Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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36
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Cellular players of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in the bone marrow niche. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:129-140. [PMID: 27943116 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in perivascular regions of the bone marrow (BM) embedded within a complex regulatory unit called the niche. Cellular components of HSC niches include vascular endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal progenitor cells and a variety of mature hematopoietic cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and megakaryocytes-further regulated by sympathetic nerves and complement components as described in this review. Three decades ago the discovery that cytokines induce a large number of HSC to mobilize from the BM into the blood where they are easily harvested, revolutionised the field of HSC transplantation-curative for immune-deficiencies and some malignancies. However, despite now routine use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilise HSC for transplant, only in last 15 years has research on the mechanisms behind why and how HSC can be induced to move into the blood began. These studies have revealed the complexity of the niche that retains HSC in the BM. This review describes how BM niches and HSC themselves change during administration of G-CSF-or in the recovery phase of chemotherapy-to facilitate movement of HSC into the blood, and research now leading to development of novel therapeutics to further boost HSC mobilization and transplant success.
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37
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MacLean AL, Lo Celso C, Stumpf MP. Concise Review: Stem Cell Population Biology: Insights from Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2016; 35:80-88. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. MacLean
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London United Kingdom
| | - Michael P.H. Stumpf
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London United Kingdom
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38
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Sasine JP, Yeo KT, Chute JP. Concise Review: Paracrine Functions of Vascular Niche Cells in Regulating Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:482-489. [PMID: 28191767 PMCID: PMC5442811 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of endothelial cells (ECs) in regulating oxygen delivery, nutrient exchange, coagulation, and transit of inflammatory cells throughout the body are well‐‐established. ECs have also been shown to regulate the maintenance and regeneration of organ‐specific stem cells in mammals. In the hematopoietic system, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are dependent on signals from the bone marrow (BM) vascular niche for their maintenance and regeneration after myelosuppressive injury. Recent studies have demonstrated the essential functions of BM ECs and perivascular stromal cells in regulating these processes. In the present study, we summarize the current understanding of the role of BM ECs and perivascular cells in regulating HSC maintenance and regeneration and highlight the contribution of newly discovered EC‐derived paracrine factors that regulate HSC fate. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:482–489
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Sasine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelly T. Yeo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John P. Chute
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP, Itkin T, Gur-Cohen S, Lapidot T, Adams RH. Regulation of Hematopoiesis and Osteogenesis by Blood Vessel-Derived Signals. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2016; 32:649-675. [PMID: 27576121 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-124936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their conventional role as a versatile transport system, blood vessels provide signals controlling organ development, regeneration, and stem cell behavior. In the skeletal system, certain capillaries support perivascular osteoprogenitor cells and thereby control bone formation. Blood vessels are also a critical component of niche microenvironments for hematopoietic stem cells. Here we discuss key pathways and factors controlling endothelial cell behavior in bone, the role of vessels in osteogenesis, and the nature of vascular stem cell niches in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana K Ramasamy
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48169 Münster, Germany; .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48169 Münster, Germany; .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tomer Itkin
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel;
| | - Shiri Gur-Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel;
| | - Tsvee Lapidot
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel;
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48169 Münster, Germany; .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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40
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Al Mheid I, Hayek SS, Ko YA, Akbik F, Li Q, Ghasemzadeh N, Martin GS, Long Q, Hammadah M, Maziar Zafari A, Vaccarino V, Waller EK, Quyyumi AA. Age and Human Regenerative Capacity Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Circ Res 2016; 119:801-9. [PMID: 27436845 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE We investigated aging of human endogenous reparative capacity and aimed to clarify whether it is affected by presence of cardiovascular disease or its risk factors (RFs). OBJECTIVE Circulating progenitor cell (PC) levels reflect endogenous regenerative potential. The effect on PC of healthy aging compared with aging with RFs or cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. We examined whether exposure to RF and CVD leads to an accelerated decline in circulating PC with increasing age. METHODS AND RESULTS In 2792 adult subjects, 498 were free of RFs (smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia), 1036 subjects had 1 to 2 RF, and 1253 had ≥3 RFs or CVD. PC were enumerated by flow cytometry as CD45(med+) mononuclear cells expressing CD34 and subsets coexpressing CD133, CXCR4, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 epitopes. Younger age, male sex, and larger body size correlated with higher PC counts (P<0.01). After multivariable adjustment, both age and RF categories were independently associated with PC counts (P<0.05), with lower PC counts in older subjects and those with higher RF burden or CVD. PC counts remained unchanged with increasing age in healthy individuals. There were significant interactions between age and RF categories (P≤0.005), such that for younger subjects (<40 years), RFs were associated with increased PC counts, whereas for older subjects (>60 years), RFs and CVD were associated with lower PC counts. CONCLUSIONS Circulating PC levels do not decline with healthy aging; RF exposure at a younger age stimulates PC mobilization, whereas continued exposure is associated with lower PC levels in later life. Over the lifespan, exposure to RFs and CVD is associated with an initial stimulation and subsequent decline in circulating PC levels, which reflect endogenous regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibhar Al Mheid
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Salim S Hayek
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Faysal Akbik
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Qunna Li
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nima Ghasemzadeh
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Greg S Martin
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Qi Long
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Muhammad Hammadah
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - A Maziar Zafari
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Edmund K Waller
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory-Georgia Tech, Predictive Health Institute, Atlanta, GA.
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41
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Xiang MSW, Kikuchi K. Endogenous Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:67-131. [PMID: 27572127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish possess a remarkable capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout their lifetime, providing a model for investigating endogenous cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myocardial regeneration. By contrast, adult mammals have an extremely limited capacity for cardiac regeneration, contributing to mortality and morbidity from cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the viewpoint of the mammalian heart as a postmitotic organ was recently revised based on findings that the mammalian heart contains multiple undifferentiated cell types with cardiogenic potential as well as a robust regenerative capacity during a short period early in life. Although it occurs at an extremely low level, continuous cardiomyocyte turnover has been detected in adult mouse and human hearts, which could potentially be enhanced to restore lost myocardium in damaged human hearts. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in the understanding of endogenous mechanisms of cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S W Xiang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - K Kikuchi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington NSW, Australia.
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42
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Rios C, D'Ippolito G, Curtis KM, Delcroix GJR, Gomez LA, El Hokayem J, Rieger M, Parrondo R, de Las Pozas A, Perez-Stable C, Howard GA, Schiller PC. Low Oxygen Modulates Multiple Signaling Pathways, Increasing Self-Renewal, While Decreasing Differentiation, Senescence, and Apoptosis in Stromal MIAMI Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:848-60. [PMID: 27059084 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) number decreases with aging. Subpopulations of hMSCs can differentiate into cells found in bone, vasculature, cartilage, gut, and other tissues and participate in their repair. Maintaining throughout adult life such cell subpopulations should help prevent or delay the onset of age-related degenerative conditions. Low oxygen tension, the physiological environment in progenitor cell-rich regions of the bone marrow microarchitecture, stimulates the self-renewal of marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells and expression of Sox2, Nanog, Oct4a nuclear accumulation, Notch intracellular domain, notch target genes, neuronal transcriptional repressor element 1 (RE1)-silencing transcription factor (REST), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and additionally, by decreasing the expression of (i) the proapoptotic proteins, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Bak, and (ii) senescence-associated p53 expression and β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, low oxygen increases canonical Wnt pathway signaling coreceptor Lrp5 expression, and PI3K/Akt pathway activation. Lrp5 inhibition decreases self-renewal marker Sox2 mRNA, Oct4a nuclear accumulation, and cell numbers. Wortmannin-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway inhibition leads to increased osteoblastic differentiation at both low and high oxygen tension. We demonstrate that low oxygen stimulates a complex signaling network involving PI3K/Akt, Notch, and canonical Wnt pathways, which mediate the observed increase in nuclear Oct4a and REST, with simultaneous decrease in p53, AIF, and Bak. Collectively, these pathway activations contribute to increased self-renewal with concomitant decreased differentiation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and/or senescence in MIAMI cells. Importantly, the PI3K/Akt pathway plays a central mechanistic role in the oxygen tension-regulated self-renewal versus osteoblastic differentiation of progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rios
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida
| | - Gianluca D'Ippolito
- 2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida.,3 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,4 Geriatrics Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,5 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Kevin M Curtis
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida
| | - Gaëtan J-R Delcroix
- 2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida.,3 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,5 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Lourdes A Gomez
- 2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida
| | - Jimmy El Hokayem
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Megan Rieger
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Ricardo Parrondo
- 2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida
| | - Alicia de Las Pozas
- 2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida
| | - Carlos Perez-Stable
- 2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida.,7 Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Guy A Howard
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida.,7 Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Paul C Schiller
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 GRECC and Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Miami, Florida.,3 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,4 Geriatrics Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,5 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
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43
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Osteoclasts Are Required for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Mobilization but Not for Stress Erythropoiesis in Plasmodium chabaudi adami Murine Malaria. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3909614. [PMID: 26903708 PMCID: PMC4745282 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3909614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anemia and inflammation concurrent with blood stage malaria trigger stress haematopoiesis and erythropoiesis. The activity of osteoclasts seems required for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) from the bone marrow to the periphery. Knowing that BALB/c mice with acute Plasmodium chabaudi adami malaria have profound alterations in bone remodelling cells, we evaluated the extent to which osteoclasts influence their hematopoietic response to infection. For this, mice were treated with osteoclast inhibiting hormone calcitonin prior to parasite inoculation, and infection as well as hematological parameters was studied. In agreement with osteoclast-dependent HSPC mobilization, administration of calcitonin led to milder splenomegaly, reduced numbers of HSPC in the spleen, and their retention in the bone marrow. Although C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) levels, indicative of bone resorption, were lower in calcitonin-treated infected mice, they remained comparable in naive and control infected mice. Calcitonin-treated infected mice conveniently responded to anemia but generated less numbers of splenic macrophages and suffered from exacerbated infection; interestingly, calcitonin also decreased the number of macrophages generated in vitro. Globally, our results indicate that although osteoclast-dependent HSC mobilization from bone marrow to spleen is triggered in murine blood stage malaria, this activity is not essential for stress erythropoiesis.
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44
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Harrell DB, Caradonna E, Mazzucco L, Gudenus R, Amann B, Prochazka V, Giannoudis PV, Hendrich C, Jäger M, Krauspe R, Hernigou P. Non-Hematopoietic Essential Functions of Bone Marrow Cells: A Review of Scientific and Clinical Literature and Rationale for Treating Bone Defects. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2015; 7:5691. [PMID: 26793290 PMCID: PMC4703908 DOI: 10.4081/or.2015.5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis as the only essential function of bone marrow cells has been challenged for several decades through basic science (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical data. Such work has shed light on two other essential functions of bone marrow cells: osteopoiesis and angio-genesis/vasculogenesis. Clinical utility of autologous concentrated bone marrow aspirate (CBMA) has demonstrated both safety and efficacy in treating bone defects. Moreover, CBMA has been shown to be comparable to the gold standard of iliac crest bone graft (ICBG), or autograft, with regard to being osteogenic and osteoinductive. ICBG is not considered an advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP), but CBMA may become regulated as an ATMP. The European Medicines Agency Committee for Advanced Therapies (EMA:CAT) has issued a reflection paper (20 June 2014) in which reversal of the 2013 ruling that CBMA is a non-ATMP has been proposed. We review bone marrow cell involvement in osteopoiesis and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis to examine EMA:CAT 2013 decision to use CBMA for treatment of osteonecrosis (e.g, of the femoral head) should be considered a non-ATMP. This paper is intended to provide discussion on the 20 June 2014 reflection paper by reviewing two non-hematopoietic essential functions of bone marrow cells. Additionally, we provide clinical and scientific rationale for treating osteonecrosis with CBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenio Caradonna
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Fondazione de Ricerca e Cura Giovanni e Paolo II, Campbasso, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzucco
- Blood Component and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Alessandria Hospital, Italy
| | | | | | - Vaclav Prochazka
- Interventional Neuroradiology and Angiology, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
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45
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Raffaghello L, Vacca A, Pistoia V, Ribatti D. Cancer associated fibroblasts in hematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2589-603. [PMID: 25474039 PMCID: PMC4413603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. In hematological malignancies, the bone marrow represents the paradigmatic anatomical site in which tumor microenvironment expresses its morphofunctional features. Among the cells participating in the composition of this microenvironment, cancer associated fibrobasts (CAFs) have received less attention in hematopoietic tumors compared to solid cancers. In this review article, we discuss the involvement of CAFs in progression of hematological malignancies and the potential targeting of CAFs in a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy, National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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46
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Gasteiger G, Fan X, Dikiy S, Lee SY, Rudensky AY. Tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. Science 2015; 350:981-5. [PMID: 26472762 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac9593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) contribute to barrier immunity, tissue homeostasis, and immune regulation at various anatomical sites throughout the body. How ILCs maintain their presence in lymphoid and peripheral tissues thus far has been unclear. We found that in the lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs of adult mice, ILCs are tissue-resident cells that were maintained and expanded locally under physiologic conditions, upon systemic perturbation of immune homeostasis and during acute helminth infection. However, at later time points after infection, cells from hematogenous sources helped to partially replenish the pool of resident ILCs. Thus, ILCs are maintained by self-renewal in broadly different microenvironments and physiological settings. Such an extreme "sedentary" lifestyle is consistent with the proposed roles of ILCs as sentinels and local keepers of tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gasteiger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Immunology Program, and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Xiying Fan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Immunology Program, and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stanislav Dikiy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Immunology Program, and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sue Y Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Immunology Program, and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Immunology Program, and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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47
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48
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Bozdag SC, Ilhan O. Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and collection from elderly patients and elderly healthy donor. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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49
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Rundberg Nilsson A, Pronk CJH, Bryder D. Probing hematopoietic stem cell function using serial transplantation: Seeding characteristics and the impact of stem cell purification. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:812-7.e1. [PMID: 26027791 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers and function is a requisite for life-long blood cell replenishment. Knowledge of factors that regulate HSC activity is derived largely from murine model systems, with serial transplantation often considered a "gold standard" to assess longevity and self-renewal of HSCs. In the literature, we noted inconsistencies in how serial transplantations are conducted and decided to assess a set of parameters at play in such experiments. We found that HSCs distribute and expand unevenly among individual bones following transplantation, suggesting that isolation of a limited number of bone marrow cells for serial transplantation and/or analysis can influence experimental outcomes. Comparing donor cell output from transplanted unfractionated bone marrow cells, as opposed to fluorescence-activated cell-sorted HSCs, revealed distinct differences in the output of mature blood cells. Specifically, we found that long-lived progenitor and/or mature co-transplanted cells can severely affect the interpretation of ongoing HSC activity in secondary hosts. The implications of these data for the design and execution of serial transplantation experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rundberg Nilsson
- Medical Faculty, Division of Molecular Hematology, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Cornelis J H Pronk
- Medical Faculty, Division of Molecular Hematology, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Medical Faculty, Division of Molecular Hematology, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
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50
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Heinig K, Sage F, Robin C, Sperandio M. Development and trafficking function of haematopoietic stem cells and myeloid cells during fetal ontogeny. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:352-63. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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