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Hagan CE, Snyder AG, Headley M, Oberst A. Apoptotic cells promote circulating tumor cell survival and metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595217. [PMID: 38826267 PMCID: PMC11142129 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
During tumor progression and especially following cytotoxic therapy, cell death of both tumor and stromal cells is widespread. Despite clinical observations that high levels of apoptotic cells correlate with poorer patient outcomes, the physiological effects of dying cells on tumor progression remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that circulating apoptotic cells robustly enhance tumor cell metastasis to the lungs. Using intravenous metastasis models, we observed that the presence of apoptotic cells, but not cells dying by other mechanisms, supports circulating tumor cell (CTC) survival following arrest in the lung vasculature. Apoptotic cells promote CTC survival by recruiting platelets to the forming metastatic niche. Apoptotic cells externalize the phospholipid phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, which we found increased the activity of the coagulation initiator Tissue Factor, thereby triggering the formation of platelet clots that protect proximal CTCs. Inhibiting the ability of apoptotic cells to induce coagulation by knocking out Tissue Factor, blocking phosphatidylserine, or administering the anticoagulant heparin abrogated the pro-metastatic effect of apoptotic cells. This work demonstrates a previously unappreciated role for apoptotic cells in facilitating metastasis by establishing CTC-supportive emboli, and suggests points of intervention that may reduce the pro-metastatic effect of apoptotic cells. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Xie X, Wang L, Dong S, Ge S, Zhu T. Immune regulation of the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis involved in ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:519-528. [PMID: 37721279 PMCID: PMC10581566 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other. Here, we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis. We found that abnormal intestinal flora, the intestinal microenvironment, lung infection, chronic diseases, and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke, highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut, lungs, and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xie
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - ShanChun Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Ząbczyk M, Kruk A, Natorska J, Undas A. Low-grade endotoxemia in acute pulmonary embolism: Links with prothrombotic plasma fibrin clot phenotype. Thromb Res 2023; 232:70-76. [PMID: 37949000 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can traverse the intestinal barrier and enter bloodstream, causing endotoxemia and triggering inflammation. Increased circulating LPS was reported in arterial thromboembolism. We investigated whether increased LPS levels occur in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and if it is associated with a prothrombotic state. METHODS We studied 120 normotensive PE patients (aged 59 [48-68] years) on admission, after 5-7 days, and after a 3-month anticoagulation. Serum LPS levels, along with zonulin, a marker of gut permeability, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), fibrin clot permeability (Ks), clot lysis time (CLT), fibrinolysis proteins, and platelet markers were assessed. RESULTS Median LPS concentration on admission was 70.5 (61.5-82) pg/mL (min-max, 34-134 pg/mL), in association with C-reactive protein (r = 0.22, p = 0.018), but not with fibrinogen, D-dimer or platelet markers. Patients with more severe PE had higher LPS levels compared with the remainder. Median zonulin level was 3.26 (2.74-4.08) ng/mL and correlated with LPS (r = 0.66, p < 0.0001). Patients with baseline LPS levels in the top quartile (≥82 pg/mL; n = 29) compared to lower quartiles had 18.6 % increased ETP, 14.5 % reduced Ks, and 25.3 % prolonged CLT, related to higher plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels. LPS decreased by 23.4 % after 5-7 days and by 40.4 % after 3-month anticoagulation together with reduced zonulin by 18.4 % and 22.3 %, respectively, compared to baseline (all p < 0.001). LPS levels were not related with fibrin characteristics and other variables assessed at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Low-grade endotoxemia is detectable in patients with acute PE and may contribute to increased thrombin generation and PAI-1-mediated hypofibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ząbczyk
- St. John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Natorska
- St. John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anetta Undas
- St. John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Sachetto ATA, Mackman N. Monocyte Tissue Factor Expression: Lipopolysaccharide Induction and Roles in Pathological Activation of Coagulation. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:1017-1033. [PMID: 37168007 PMCID: PMC10615589 DOI: 10.1055/a-2091-7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The coagulation system is a part of the mammalian host defense system. Pathogens and pathogen components, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induce tissue factor (TF) expression in circulating monocytes that then activates the coagulation protease cascade. Formation of a clot limits dissemination of pathogens, enhances the recruitment of immune cells, and facilitates killing of pathogens. However, excessive activation of coagulation can lead to thrombosis. Here, we review studies on the mechanism of LPS induction of TF expression in monocytes and its contribution to thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Binding of LPS to Toll-like receptor 4 on monocytes induces a transient expression of TF that involves activation of intracellular signaling pathways and binding of various transcription factors, such as c-rel/p65 and c-Fos/c-Jun, to the TF promoter. Inhibition of TF in endotoxemia and sepsis models reduces activation of coagulation and improves survival. Studies with endotoxemic mice showed that hematopoietic cells and myeloid cells play major roles in the activation of coagulation. Monocyte TF expression is also increased after surgery. Activated monocytes release TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) and levels of circulating TF-positive EVs are increased in endotoxemic mice and in patients with sepsis. More recently, it was shown that inflammasomes contribute to the induction of TF expression and activation of coagulation in endotoxemic mice. Taken together, these studies indicate that monocyte TF plays a major role in activation of coagulation. Selective inhibition of monocyte TF expression may reduce pathologic activation of coagulation in sepsis and other diseases without affecting hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T. A. Sachetto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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5
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Zhao S, Ge Y, Li Z, Yang T. Influence of cytokines on early death and coagulopathy in newly diagnosed patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100151. [PMID: 37063881 PMCID: PMC10103902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a better prognosis. But early death (ED) rate remains high. APL patients are simultaneously accompanied by coagulopathy and hyperinflammation at the onset. It is not known what effects cytokines have on ED and coagulopathy in these patients. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to explore the clinical differences between APL and other types of AML, the link between cytokines and coagulopathy in newly diagnosed APL, and their roles in the ED for APL.MethodsThis study retrospectively collected the information of 496 adult patients with AML (age ≥14 years at admission) newly diagnosed in the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province between January 2017 to February 2022, including 115 APL patients. The difference of clinical manifestations between two groups [APL and AML (non-APL)] was statistically analyzed. Then, the factors affecting ED in APL patients were screened, and the possible pathways of their influence on ED were further analyzed.ResultsThe results indicate APL at the onset have a younger age and higher incidence of ED and DIC than other types of AML. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), age, and PLT count are found to be independent factors for ED in newly APL, among which ICH is the main cause of ED, accounting for 61.54% (8/13). The levels of cytokines in newly APL are generally higher than that in AML (non-APL), and those in the group of ED for APL were widely more than the control group. IL-17A and TNF-β are directly related to the ED in newly APL, especially IL-17A, which also affects ICH in these patients. Moreover, the increase of IL-17A and TNF-β cause the prolongation of PT in APL patients, which reflected the exogenous coagulation pathway. However, they have no effect on APTT prolongation and FIB reduction. Thus, it is speculated that IL-17A leads to early cerebral hemorrhage death in newly APL by inducing tissue factor (TF) overexpression to initiate exogenous coagulation and further leading to excessive depletion of clotting factors and prolongation of PT.ConclusionsIn conclusion, compared with other types of AML, APL patients have a younger age of onset and high inflammatory state, and are more likely to develop into DIC and die early. Age, and PLT count at diagnosis are independent factors for ED of APL, especially ICH. IL-17A is confirmed to be an independent risk factor for ED and ICH of newly APL. Hence, IL-17A may serve as a predictor of ED in newly diagnosed APL patients, and controlling its expression probably reduce ED in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Zengzheng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Tonghua Yang,
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Tan YY, O'Dea KP, Tsiridou DM, Pac Soo A, Koh MW, Beckett F, Takata M. Circulating Myeloid Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Indirect Acute Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:140-149. [PMID: 36150169 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0207oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-borne myeloid cells, neutrophils and monocytes, play a central role in the development of indirect acute lung injury (ALI) during sepsis and noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome. By contrast, the contribution of circulating myeloid cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to ALI is unknown, despite acute increases in their numbers during sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Here, we investigated the direct role of circulating myeloid-EVs in ALI using a mouse isolated perfused lung system and a human cell coculture model of pulmonary vascular inflammation consisting of lung microvascular endothelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Total and immunoaffinity-isolated myeloid (CD11b+) and platelet (CD41+) EVs were prepared from the plasma of intravenous LPS-injected endotoxemic donor mice and transferred directly into recipient lungs. Two-hour perfusion of lungs with unfractionated EVs from a single donor induced pulmonary edema formation and increased perfusate concentrations of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), consistent with lung injury. These responses were abolished in the lungs of monocyte-depleted mice. The isolated myeloid- but not platelet-EVs produced a similar injury response and the acute intravascular release of proinflammatory cytokines and endothelial injury markers. In the in vitro human coculture model, human myeloid- (CD11b+) but not platelet- (CD61+) EVs isolated from LPS-stimulated whole blood induced acute proinflammatory cytokine production and endothelial activation. These findings implicate circulating myeloid-EVs as acute mediators of pulmonary vascular inflammation and edema, suggesting an alternative therapeutic target for attenuation of indirect ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Tan
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran P O'Dea
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diianeira Maria Tsiridou
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelie Pac Soo
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marissa W Koh
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Beckett
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masao Takata
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Lu Y, Li D, Huang Y, Sun Y, Zhou H, Ye F, Yang H, Xu T, Quan S, Pan J. Pretreatment with Eupatilin Attenuates Inflammation and Coagulation in Sepsis by Suppressing JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1027-1042. [PMID: 36926276 PMCID: PMC10013575 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s393850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sepsis is an aggressive and life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by infection. Excessive inflammation and coagulation contribute to the negative outcomes for sepsis, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we explored whether Eupatilin could alleviate lung injury, reduce inflammation and coagulation during sepsis. Methods We constructed an in vitro sepsis model by stimulating RAW264.7 cells with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6 hours. The cells were divided into control group, LPS group, LPS+ Eupatilin (Eup) group, and Eup group to detect their cell activity and inflammatory cytokines and coagulation factor levels. Cells in LPS+Eup and Eup group were pretreated with Eupatilin (10μM) for 2 hours. In vivo, mice were divided into sham operation group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group and Eup group. Mice in the CLP and Eup groups were pretreated with Eupatilin (10mg/kg) for 2 hours by gavage. Lung tissue and plasma were collected and inflammatory cytokines, coagulation factors and signaling were measured. Results In vitro, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tissue factor (TF) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was downregulated by Eupatilin (10μM). Furthermore, Eupatilin inhibited phosphorylation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and suppressed p-STAT3 nuclear translocation. In vivo, Eupatilin increased the survival rate of the mice. In septic mice, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as TF, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and fibrinogen were improved by Eupatilin. Moreover, Eupatilin alleviated lung injury by improving the expression of inflammatory cytokines and TF, fibrin deposition and macrophage infiltration in lung tissue. Conclusion Our results revealed that Eupatilin may modulate inflammation and coagulation indicators as well as improve lung injury in sepsis via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanrong Ye
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjing Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Quan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligence Medical Education, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Hospital Emergency and Process Digitization, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingye Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Critical Care and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligence Medical Education, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Hospital Emergency and Process Digitization, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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8
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Hisada Y, Sachetto ATA, Mackman N. Circulating tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles and their association with thrombosis in different diseases. Immunol Rev 2022; 312:61-75. [PMID: 35708588 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a procoagulant protein released from activated host cells, such as monocytes, and tumor cells on extracellular vesicles (EVs). TF + EVs are observed in the circulation of patients with various types of diseases. In this review, we will summarize the association between TF + EVs and activation of coagulation and survival in different types of diseases, including cancer, sepsis, and infections with different viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We will also discuss the source of TF + EVs in various diseases. EVTF activity is associated with thrombosis in pancreatic cancer patients and coronavirus disease 2019 patients (COVID-19) and with disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients. EVTF activity is also associated with worse survival in patients with cancer and COVID-19. Monocytes are the major sources of TF + EVs in sepsis, and viral infections, such as HIV, Ebola virus, and SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, alveolar epithelial cells are the major source of TF + EVs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in COVID-19 and influenza A patients. These studies indicate that EVTF activity could be used as a biomarker to identify patients that have an increased risk of coagulopathy and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hisada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Mousavi SM, Amin Mahdian SM, Ebrahimi MS, Taghizadieh M, Vosough M, Sadri Nahand J, Hosseindoost S, Vousooghi N, Javar HA, Larijani B, Hadjighassem MR, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Microfluidics for detection of exosomes and microRNAs in cancer: State of the art. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:758-791. [PMID: 35664698 PMCID: PMC9130092 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes ranging from 30-150 nanometers that contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA derived from the cells of origin. Exosomes can be taken up by target cells, acting as a means of cell-to-cell communication. The discovery of these vesicles in body fluids and their participation in cell communication has led to major breakthroughs in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of several conditions (e.g., cancer). However, conventional isolation and evaluation of exosomes and their microRNA content suffers from high cost, lengthy processes, difficult standardization, low purity, and poor yield. The emergence of microfluidics devices with increased efficiency in sieving, trapping, and immunological separation of small volumes could provide improved detection and monitoring of exosomes involved in cancer. Microfluidics techniques hold promise for advances in development of diagnostic and prognostic devices. This review covers ongoing research on microfluidics devices for detection of microRNAs and exosomes as biomarkers and their translation to point-of-care and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saereh Hosseindoost
- Pain Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Hadjighassem
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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10
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Hwang W, Shimizu M, Lee JW. Role of extracellular vesicles in severe pneumonia and sepsis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:747-762. [PMID: 35418256 PMCID: PMC9971738 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2066470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EV) released constitutively or following external stimuli from structural and immune cells are now recognized as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They are involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia and sepsis, leading causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) where mortality rates remain up to 40%. Multiple investigators have demonstrated that one of the underlying mechanisms of the effects of EVs is through the transfer of EV content to host cells, resulting in apoptosis, inflammation, and permeability in target organs. AREAS COVERED The current review focuses on preclinical research examining the role of EVs released into the plasma and injured alveolus during pneumonia and sepsis. EXPERT OPINION Inflammation is associated with elevated levels of circulating EVs that are released by activated structural and immune cells and can have significant proinflammatory, procoagulant, and pro-permeability effects in critically ill patients with pneumonia and/or sepsis. However, clinical translation of the use of EVs as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets may be limited by current methodologies used to identify and quantify EVs accurately (whether from host cells or infecting organisms) and lack of understanding of the role of EVs in the reparative phase during recovery from pneumonia and/or sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s hospital, Catholic College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Jae-Woo Lee, MD, Professor, University of California San Francisco, Department of Anesthesiology, 505 Parnassus Ave., Box 0648, San Francisco, CA 94143, Telephone: (415) 476-0452, Fax: (415) 514-2999,
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11
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Cointe S, Vallier L, Esnault P, Dacos M, Bonifay A, Macagno N, Harti Souab K, Chareyre C, Judicone C, Frankel D, Robert S, Hraiech S, Alessi MC, Poncelet P, Albanese J, Dignat-George F, Lacroix R. Granulocyte microvesicles with a high plasmin generation capacity promote clot lysis and improve outcome in septic shock. Blood 2022; 139:2377-2391. [PMID: 35026004 PMCID: PMC11022829 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) have previously been shown to exert profibrinolytic capacity, which is increased in patients with septic shock (SS) with a favorable outcome. We, therefore, hypothesized that the plasmin generation capacity (PGC) could confer to MVs a protective effect supported by their capacity to lyse a thrombus, and we investigated the mechanisms involved. Using an MV-PGC kinetic assay, ELISA, and flow cytometry, we found that granulocyte MVs (Gran-MVs) from SS patients display a heterogeneous PGC profile driven by the uPA (urokinase)/uPAR system. In vitro, these MVs lyse a thrombus according to their MV-PGC levels in a uPA/uPAR-dependent manner, as shown in a fluorescent clot lysis test and a lysis front retraction assay. Fibrinolytic activators conveyed by MVs contribute to approximately 30% of the plasma plasminogenolytic capacity of SS patients. In a murine model of SS, the injection of high PGC Gran-MVs significantly improved mouse survival and reduced the number of thrombi in vital organs. This was associated with a modification of the mouse coagulation and fibrinolysis properties toward a more fibrinolytic profile. Interestingly, mouse survival was not improved when soluble uPA was injected. Finally, using a multiplex array on plasma from SS patients, we found that neutrophil elastase correlates with the effect of high-PGC-capacity plasma and modulates the Gran-MV plasmin generation capacity by cleaving uPA-PAI-1 complexes. In conclusion, we show that the high PGC level displayed by Gran-MVs reduces thrombus formation and improves survival, conferring to Gran-MVs a protective role in a murine model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Cointe
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Loris Vallier
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Esnault
- Intensive Care Unit, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon, France
| | - Mathilde Dacos
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Amandine Bonifay
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, CHU Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | | | - Corinne Chareyre
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | | | - Diane Frankel
- Department of Cell Biology, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, INSERM, MMG, CHU Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
| | - Sami Hraiech
- Intensive Care Unit, APHM, CHU Nord, CEReSS-Center for Studies and Research on Health Services and Quality of Life EA3279, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology, CHU La Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
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12
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Expression of tissue factor and TF-mediated integrin regulation in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103473. [PMID: 35030354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Placenta is a crucial source of Tissue Factor (TF) to initiate coagulation. As far as the TF is concern, aberrant expression of TF has been reported to have a significant role in thrombosis, inflammation, cancer metastasis and atherosclerosis. It is evident that TF and TF-FVIIa complex has major roles in the disease process beyond hemostasis and thrombosis. On the other hand, TF-FVII-dependent signaling primarily activates PAR2 and inducing pro-angiogenic and immune-modulating cytokines in tumor environment. However, the role of TF has not been delineated in placental functions. Integrin typically binds to the extracellular matrix which in turn mediate cell-cell adhesion and cell behavior for migration. Dysregulation of integrin expression affects cell interaction, proliferation, and migration. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain the expression of TF in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line and its role in signal transduction of integrin (ITGα1, ITGα2, ITGβ1) regulation concerning the invasion of trophoblasts. We have used RT-PCR and Western blot for the gene and protein expression analysis respectively. In addition, cell migration assays, MTT, and DAPI were performed to examine migration, cytotoxicity and apoptosis effect of FVIIa. The results suggest that the gene and protein level expressions of TF were predominant in HTR-8/SVneo cell line. Further, the cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells were not observed when treated with FVIIa. The cells treated with FVIIa shown a dose-dependent up-regulation of integrin(s) (**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05) when compared to control. Migration of the HTR-8/SVneo cells was observed without any apoptosis in FVIIa-treated cells when compared to that of control. On the whole, these observations delineated the TF-FVIIa interaction in modulating the TF-dependent integrin signal transduction in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line.
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Aberrant stromal tissue factor localisation and mycolactone-driven vascular dysfunction, exacerbated by IL-1β, are linked to fibrin formation in Buruli ulcer lesions. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010280. [PMID: 35100311 PMCID: PMC8846541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease caused by subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans and its exotoxin mycolactone. BU displays coagulative necrosis and widespread fibrin deposition in affected skin tissues. Despite this, the role of the vasculature in BU pathogenesis remains almost completely unexplored. We hypothesise that fibrin-driven ischemia can be an ‘indirect’ route to mycolactone-dependent tissue necrosis by a mechanism involving vascular dysfunction. Here, we tracked >900 vessels within contiguous tissue sections from eight BU patient biopsies. Our aim was to evaluate their vascular and coagulation biomarker phenotype and explore potential links to fibrin deposition. We also integrated this with our understanding of mycolactone’s mechanism of action at Sec61 and its impact on proteins involved in maintaining normal vascular function. Our findings showed that endothelial cell dysfunction is common in skin tissue adjacent to necrotic regions. There was little evidence of primary haemostasis, perhaps due to mycolactone-dependent depletion of endothelial von Willebrand factor. Instead, fibrin staining appeared to be linked to the extrinsic pathway activator, tissue factor (TF). There was significantly greater than expected fibrin staining around vessels that had TF staining within the stroma, and this correlated with the distance it extended from the vessel basement membrane. TF-induced fibrin deposition in these locations would require plasma proteins outside of vessels, therefore we investigated whether mycolactone could increase vascular permeability in vitro. This was indeed the case, and leakage was further exacerbated by IL-1β. Mycolactone caused the loss of endothelial adherens and tight junctions by the depletion of VE-cadherin, TIE-1, TIE-2 and JAM-C; all Sec61-dependent proteins. Taken together, our findings suggest that both vascular and lymphatic vessels in BU lesions become “leaky” during infection, due to the unique action of mycolactone, allowing TF-containing structures and plasma proteins into skin tissue, ultimately leading to local coagulopathy and tissue ischemia. To date, the debilitating skin disease Buruli ulcer remains a public health concern and financial burden in low or middle-income countries, especially in tropical regions. Late diagnosis is frequent in remote areas, perhaps due to the painlessness of the disease. Hence patients often present with large, destructive opened ulcers leading to delayed wound closure or even lifelong disability. The infectious agent produces a toxin called mycolactone that drives the disease. We previously found evidence that the vascular system is disrupted by mycolactone in these lesions, and now we have further explored potential explanations for these findings by looking at the expression of vascular markers in BU. In a detailed analysis of patient skin punch biopsies, we identified distinct expression patterns of certain proteins and found that tissue factor, which initiates the so-called extrinsic pathway of blood clotting, is particularly important. Mycolactone is able to disrupt the barrier function of the endothelium, further aggravating the diseased phenotype, which may explain how clotting factors access the tissue. Altogether, such localised hypercoagulation in Buruli ulcer skin lesions may contribute to the development of the lesion.
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14
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Rivera Rivas JJ, Czuprynski CJ. Histophilus somni stimulates bovine monocyte-derived macrophages to release microparticles that increase fibrin clot formation in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109280. [PMID: 34808430 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Histophilus somni is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes diffuse vasculitis and intravascular thrombosis that can lead to multiple organ failure in cattle. Macrophages are important cellular mediators of fibrin deposition and removal at sites of inflammation. It has become evident that macrophages and other cells release microparticles (MPs) that have an array of biological activities, including pro-coagulant activity. We sought to determine whether monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to H. somni in vitro release MPs that activate the clotting cascade in a manner that could lead to thrombus formation. Bovine monocyte-derived macrophages were incubated with H. somni (at a 10:1 ratio) in RPMI with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum for 6 h at 37 °C with 5 % CO2. Membrane-shed MPs were isolated from the conditioned media, washed twice with Ca2+ and Mg2+ free HBSS, and pro-coagulant activity assessed by a one-step plasma clotting assay. We observed greater pro-coagulant activity for MPs from H. somni stimulated macrophages than from unstimulated controls. Microparticle pro-coagulant activity was inhibited by addition of an anti-tissue factor antibody. We also observed co-localization of fluorescein-labeled H. somni cells and annexin V staining as evaluated by confocal microscopy. These results demonstrate that exposure to H. somni cells causes bovine monocyte-derived macrophages to release MPs that contain tissue factor, the first such report for bovine macrophages. We infer that if similar events occur in vivo they could amplify thrombus formation in bovine histophilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Rivera Rivas
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Charles J Czuprynski
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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15
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Burgelman M, Vandendriessche C, Vandenbroucke RE. Extracellular Vesicles: A Double-Edged Sword in Sepsis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080829. [PMID: 34451925 PMCID: PMC8399948 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. Several studies on mouse and patient sepsis samples have revealed that the level of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the blood is altered compared to healthy controls, but the different functions of EVs during sepsis pathology are not yet completely understood. Sepsis EVs are described as modulators of inflammation, lymphocyte apoptosis, coagulation and organ dysfunction. Furthermore, EVs can influence clinical outcome and it is suggested that EVs can predict survival. Both detrimental and beneficial roles for EVs have been described in sepsis, depending on the EV cellular source and the disease phase during which the EVs are studied. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of EV sources and functions during sepsis pathology based on in vitro and mouse models, as well as patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Burgelman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.B.); (C.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-3313730
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16
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Das K, Keshava S, Ansari SA, Kondreddy V, Esmon CT, Griffin JH, Pendurthi UR, Rao LVM. Factor VIIa induces extracellular vesicles from the endothelium: a potential mechanism for its hemostatic effect. Blood 2021; 137:3428-3442. [PMID: 33534910 PMCID: PMC8212509 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant factor FVIIa (rFVIIa) is used as a hemostatic agent to treat bleeding disorders in hemophilia patients with inhibitors and other groups of patients. Our recent studies showed that FVIIa binds endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) and induces protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1)-mediated biased signaling. The importance of FVIIa-EPCR-PAR1-mediated signaling in hemostasis is unknown. In the present study, we show that FVIIa induces the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Silencing of EPCR or PAR1 in endothelial cells blocked the FVIIa-induced generation of EVs. Consistent with these data, FVIIa treatment enhanced the release of EVs from murine brain endothelial cells isolated from wild-type (WT), EPCR-overexpressing, and PAR1-R46Q-mutant mice, but not EPCR-deficient or PAR1-R41Q-mutant mice. In vivo studies revealed that administration of FVIIa to WT, EPCR-overexpressing, and PAR1-R46Q-mutant mice, but not EPCR-deficient or PAR1-R41Q-mutant mice, increased the number of circulating EVs. EVs released in response to FVIIa treatment exhibit enhanced procoagulant activity. Infusion of FVIIa-generated EVs and not control EVs to platelet-depleted mice increased thrombin generation at the site of injury and reduced blood loss. Administration of FVIIa-generated EVs or generation of EVs endogenously by administering FVIIa augmented the hemostatic effect of FVIIa. Overall, our data reveal that FVIIa treatment, through FVIIa-EPCR-PAR1 signaling, releases EVs from the endothelium into the circulation, and these EVs contribute to the hemostatic effect of FVIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX
| | - Shabbir A Ansari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX
| | - Vijay Kondreddy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX
| | - Charles T Esmon
- Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - John H Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Usha R Pendurthi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX
| | - L Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX
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Traby L, Kollars M, Kussmann M, Karer M, Šinkovec H, Lobmeyr E, Hermann A, Staudinger T, Schellongowski P, Rössler B, Burgmann H, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S. Extracellular Vesicles and Citrullinated Histone H3 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:113-122. [PMID: 34077977 DOI: 10.1055/a-1522-4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary thrombus formation is a hallmark of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A dysregulated immune response culminating in thromboinflammation has been described, but the pathomechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We studied 41 adult COVID-19 patients with positive results on reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction assays and 37 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Number and surface characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and citrullinated histone H3 levels were determined in plasma upon inclusion by flow cytometry and immunoassay. RESULTS In total, 20 patients had severe and 21 nonsevere disease. The number of EV (median [25th, 75th percentile]) was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (658.8 [353.2, 876.6] vs. 435.5 [332.5, 585.3], geometric mean ratio [95% confidence intervals]: 2.6 [1.9, 3.6]; p < 0.001). Patients exhibited significantly higher numbers of EVs derived from platelets, endothelial cells, leukocytes, or neutrophils than controls. EVs from alveolar-macrophages and alveolar-epithelial cells were detectable in plasma and were significantly higher in patients. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1-positive EV levels were higher in patients, while no difference between tissue factor-positive and angiotensin-converting enzyme-positive EV was seen between both groups. Levels of EV did not differ between patients with severe and nonsevere COVID-19. Citrullinated histone H3 levels (ng/mL, median [25th, 75th percentile]) were higher in patients than in controls (1.42 [0.6, 3.4] vs. 0.31 [0.1, 0.6], geometric mean ratio: 4.44 [2.6, 7.7]; p < 0.001), and were significantly lower in patients with nonsevere disease compared with those with severe disease. CONCLUSION EV and citrullinated histone H3 are associated with COVID-19 and could provide information regarding pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Traby
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marietta Kollars
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Kussmann
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Karer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Šinkovec
- Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lobmeyr
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Hermann
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Staudinger
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Rössler
- Medical Simulation and Emergency Management Research Group, Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Burgmann
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul A Kyrle
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Eichinger
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bossardi Ramos R, Adam AP. Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Damage During Lung Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:95-107. [PMID: 34019265 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A variety of pulmonary and systemic insults promote an inflammatory response causing increased vascular permeability, leading to the development of acute lung injury (ALI), a condition necessitating hospitalization and intensive care, or the more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a disease with a high mortality rate. Further, COVID-19 pandemic-associated ARDS is now a major cause of mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of ALI is explained by injury to both the vascular endothelium and the alveolar epithelium. The disruption of the lung endothelial and epithelial barriers occurs in response to both systemic and local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies that evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms with disease risk did not yield many potential therapeutic targets to treat and revert lung injury. This failure is probably due in part to the phenotypic complexity of ALI/ARDS, and genetic predisposition may be obscured by the multiple environmental and behavioral risk factors. In the last decade, new research has uncovered novel epigenetic mechanisms that control ALI/ARDS pathogenesis, including histone modifications and DNA methylation. Enzyme inhibitors such as DNMTi and HDACi may offer new alternative strategies to prevent or reverse the vascular damage that occurs during lung injury. This review will focus on the latest findings on the molecular mechanisms of vascular damage in ALI/ARDS, the genetic factors that might contribute to the susceptibility for developing this disease, and the epigenetic changes observed in humans, as well as in experimental models of ALI/ADRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Bossardi Ramos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Alejandro Pablo Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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Ansari SA, Keshava S, Pendurthi UR, Rao LVM. Oxidative Stress Product, 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal, Induces the Release of Tissue Factor-Positive Microvesicles From Perivascular Cells Into Circulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:250-265. [PMID: 33028097 PMCID: PMC7752210 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TF (Tissue factor) plays a key role in hemostasis, but an aberrant expression of TF leads to thrombosis. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), the most stable and major oxidant produced in various disease conditions, on the release of TF+ microvesicles into the circulation, identify the source of TF+ microvesicles origin, and assess their effect on intravascular coagulation and inflammation. Approach and Results: C57BL/6J mice were administered with HNE intraperitoneally, and the release of TF+ microvesicles into circulation was evaluated using coagulation assays and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Various cell-specific markers were used to identify the cellular source of TF+ microvesicles. Vascular permeability was analyzed by the extravasation of Evans blue dye or fluorescein dextran. HNE administration to mice markedly increased the levels of TF+ microvesicles and thrombin generation in the circulation. HNE administration also increased the number of neutrophils in the lungs and elevated the levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma. Administration of an anti-TF antibody blocked not only HNE-induced thrombin generation but also HNE-induced inflammation. Confocal microscopy and immunoblotting studies showed that HNE does not induce TF expression either in vascular endothelium or circulating monocytes. Microvesicles harvested from HNE-administered mice stained positively with CD248 and α-smooth muscle actin, the markers that are specific to perivascular cells. HNE was found to destabilize endothelial cell barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS HNE promotes the release of TF+ microvesicles from perivascular cells into the circulation. HNE-induced increased TF activity contributes to intravascular coagulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir A. Ansari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
| | - Usha R. Pendurthi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
| | - L. Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler
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20
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Bouck EG, Denorme F, Holle LA, Middelton EA, Blair A, de Laat B, Schiffman JD, Yost CC, Rondina MT, Wolberg AS, Campbell RA. COVID-19 and Sepsis Are Associated With Different Abnormalities in Plasma Procoagulant and Fibrinolytic Activity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:401-414. [PMID: 33196292 PMCID: PMC7942774 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with derangement in biomarkers of coagulation and endothelial function and has been likened to the coagulopathy of sepsis. However, clinical laboratory metrics suggest key differences in these pathologies. We sought to determine whether plasma coagulation and fibrinolytic potential in patients with COVID-19 differ compared with healthy donors and critically ill patients with sepsis. Approach and Results: We performed comparative studies on plasmas from a single-center, cross-sectional observational study of 99 hospitalized patients (46 with COVID-19 and 53 with sepsis) and 18 healthy donors. We measured biomarkers of endogenous coagulation and fibrinolytic activity by immunoassays, thrombin, and plasmin generation potential by fluorescence and fibrin formation and lysis by turbidity. Compared with healthy donors, patients with COVID-19 or sepsis both had elevated fibrinogen, d-dimer, soluble TM (thrombomodulin), and plasmin-antiplasmin complexes. Patients with COVID-19 had increased thrombin generation potential despite prophylactic anticoagulation, whereas patients with sepsis did not. Plasma from patients with COVID-19 also had increased endogenous plasmin potential, whereas patients with sepsis showed delayed plasmin generation. The collective perturbations in plasma thrombin and plasmin generation permitted enhanced fibrin formation in both COVID-19 and sepsis. Unexpectedly, the lag times to thrombin, plasmin, and fibrin formation were prolonged with increased disease severity in COVID-19, suggesting a loss of coagulation-initiating mechanisms accompanies severe COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Both COVID-19 and sepsis are associated with endogenous activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, but these diseases differently impact plasma procoagulant and fibrinolytic potential. Dysregulation of procoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways may uniquely contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G. Bouck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frederik Denorme
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lori A. Holle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Antoinette Blair
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Bas de Laat
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua D. Schiffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- PEEL Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | | | - Matthew T. Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine & Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- George E. Wahlen VAMC Department of Internal Medicine and GRECC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84148
| | - Alisa S. Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine & Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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21
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Sokolov DI, Kozyreva AR, Markova KL, Mikhailova VA, Korenevskii AV, Miliutina YP, Balabas OA, Chepanov SV, Selkov SA. Microvesicles produced by monocytes affect the phenotype and functions of endothelial cells. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Franco C, Lacroix R, Vallier L, Judicone C, Bouriche T, Laroumagne S, Astoul P, Dignat-George F, Poncelet P. A new hybrid immunocapture bioassay with improved reproducibility to measure tissue factor-dependent procoagulant activity of microvesicles from body fluids. Thromb Res 2020; 196:414-424. [PMID: 33038585 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The procoagulant activity of tissue factor-bearing microvesicles (MV-TF) has been associated with the risk of developing venous thrombosis in cancer patients. However, MV-TF assays are limited either by i) a lack of specificity, ii) a low sensitivity, or iii) a lack of repeatability when high-speed centrifugation (HS-C) is used to isolate MV. Therefore, our objective was to develop a new hybrid "capture-bioassay" with improved reproducibility combining MV immunocapture from biofluids and measurement of their TF activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Factor Xa generation and flow cytometry assays were used to evaluate IMS beads performance, and to select the most effective capture antibodies. The analytical performance between IMS-based and HS-C-based assays was evaluated with various models of plasma samples (from LPS-activated blood, spiked with tumoral MV, or with saliva MV) and different biofluids (buffer, plasma, saliva, and pleural fluid). RESULTS Combining both CD29 and CD59 antibodies on IMS beads was as efficient as HS-C to isolate plasmatic PS+ MV. The IMS-based strategy gave significantly higher levels of MV-TF activity than HS-C in tumor MV spiked buffer, and both pleural fluids and saliva samples. Surprisingly, lower TF values were measured in plasma due to TFPI (TF pathway inhibitor) non-specifically adsorbed onto beads. This was overcome by adding a TFPI-blocking antibody. After optimization, the new IMS-based assay significantly improved reproducibility of MV-TF bioassay versus the HS-C-based assay without losing specificity and sensitivity. In addition, this approach could identify the cellular origin of MV-TF in various biological fluids. CONCLUSION Compared to HS-C, the IMS-based measurement of MV-TF activity in body fluids improves reproducibility and makes the assay compatible with clinical practice. It can facilitate future automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Franco
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; BioCytex, Research and Technology Department, Marseille, France.
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU La Conception, Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, Marseille, France.
| | - Loris Vallier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU La Conception, Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Judicone
- BioCytex, Research and Technology Department, Marseille, France.
| | - Tarik Bouriche
- BioCytex, Research and Technology Department, Marseille, France.
| | - Sophie Laroumagne
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases, and Interventional Pulmonology, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Astoul
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases, and Interventional Pulmonology, Marseille, France.
| | - Francoise Dignat-George
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU La Conception, Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, Marseille, France.
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23
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Aulakh GK. Lack of CD34 produces defects in platelets, microparticles, and lung inflammation. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:405-419. [PMID: 32700121 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung innate immune activation results in acute lung inflammation, which is characterized by alveolar barrier disruption and accumulation of cellular lung aggregates comprising neutrophils, platelets, mononuclear cells, and microparticles. CD34 is a sialomucin, with pan-selectin affinity and recently shown to protect the endothelial barrier in a bleomycin-induced lung injury model. However, there is very little information about the fundamental role of CD34 in regulation of the lung innate immune response. We hypothesized that CD34 regulates leukocyte recruitment by promoting optimal platelet activation (aggregation and spread) during bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Therefore, we utilized CD34 knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to analyze and compare the morphology and expression of leukocyte subsets from the pulmonary and systemic compartments. We utilized the chemotactic N-formylated tri-peptide, fMLP, to understand platelet aggregation in vitro, and the fundamental immune stimulant, LPS, to induce lung injury and understand platelet activation ex vivo. Our data reveal that under steady-state conditions, KO mice possess large aggregates of integrin β3 (CD61)-positive microparticles in peripheral blood. Moreover, the KO mice recruit a large number of neutrophils to lungs, which are not cleared even at 36-h post-LPS exposure. The KO mice display an increased platelet CD61 expression, which aggregates, but does not spread normally in response to in vitro fMLP treatment. The KO platelets display similar deficits in their spreading ability even after ex vivo LPS exposure. Thus, our data demonstrate that CD34 modulates platelet biology, microparticle aggregation, and neutrophil recruitment during murine lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur Aulakh
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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24
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Mazetto BDM, Lazarini M, Tobaldini LQ, Arantes FT, Dos Santos APR, Jacinto BC, Vaz CDO, Mesquita GTV, Saraiva SDS, Annichino-Bizzacchi J, Orsi FA. Expression of tissue factor mRNA in thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 51:370-378. [PMID: 32627125 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a procoagulant protein associated with increased risk of thrombotic events in antiphospholipid syndrome (t-APS). The mechanisms by which TF levels are increased in APS have not yet been established. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TF mRNA expression is associated with TF levels and thrombosis in APS. We compared levels of circulating TF and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) between t-APS and controls (individuals without thrombosis). The association between TF mRNA expression, quantified by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and t-APS was accessed using regression analysis. We included 41 controls and 42 t-APS patients, mean age was 41 years old (SD 14) in both groups. Hs-CRP and TF levels were higher in t-APS patients (mean hs-CRP levels 0.81 mg/dL [SD 1.88] and median TF levels 249.0 pg/mL [IQR 138.77-447.61]) as compared to controls (mean hs-CRP levels 0.24 mg/dL [SD 0.26] and median TF levels 113.0 pg/mL [IQR 81.17-161.53]; P = 0.02 and P < 0.0001, respectively). There was no correlation between TF mRNA expression and TF levels in t-APS (r - 0.209, P = 0.19). TF mRNA expression was not associated with t-APS (adjusted OR 1.16; 95%CI 0.72-1.87). Despite circulating TF levels being higher in patients with t-APS than in controls, TF mRNA expression was similar between groups. The results demonstrate that TF mRNA expression is not associated with levels of circulating TF and hypercoagulability in t-APS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Lazarini
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lais Quinteiro Tobaldini
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Talge Arantes
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Rosa Dos Santos
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cardoso Jacinto
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Vaz
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina da Silva Saraiva
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joyce Annichino-Bizzacchi
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Andrade Orsi
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil.
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25
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Haque S, Kodidela S, Gerth K, Hatami E, Verma N, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicles in Smoking-Mediated HIV Pathogenesis and their Potential Role in Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040864. [PMID: 32252352 PMCID: PMC7226815 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the mortality rate in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has decreased significantly, resulting in an almost normal longevity in this population. However, a large portion of this population still endures a poor quality of life, mostly due to an increased inclination for substance abuse, including tobacco smoking. The prevalence of smoking in PLWHA is consistently higher than in HIV negative persons. A predisposition to cigarette smoking in the setting of HIV potentially leads to exacerbated HIV replication and a higher risk for developing neurocognitive and other CNS disorders. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been identified as mechanistic pathways in smoking-mediated HIV pathogenesis and HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), packaged with oxidative stress and inflammatory agents, show promise in understanding the underlying mechanisms of smoking-induced HIV pathogenesis via cell-cell interactions. This review focuses on recent advances in the field of EVs with an emphasis on smoking-mediated HIV pathogenesis and HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. This review also provides an overview of the potential applications of EVs in developing novel therapeutic carriers for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals who smoke, and in the discovery of novel biomarkers that are associated with HIV-smoking interactions in the CNS.
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26
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Chen X, Lao Y, Yi J, Yang J, He S, Chen Y. SENP3 in monocytes/macrophages up-regulates tissue factor and mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by enhancing JNK phosphorylation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5454-5462. [PMID: 32237051 PMCID: PMC7214145 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in sepsis and septic acute lung injury remain unclear. Tissue factor (TF) initiates coagulation; its production can be regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS); and monocytes/macrophages produce pathological TF during sepsis. The SUMO2/3 protease SENP3 is redox‐sensitive, and SENP3 accumulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated macrophages is ROS‐dependent. To explore whether SENP3 contributes to LPS‐activated coagulation, we used mice with Senp3 conditional knockout (cKO) in myeloid cells. In the model of LPS‐induced sepsis, SENP3 cKO mice exhibited less severe acute lung injury than SENP3 fl/fl mice. SENP3 cKO mice exhibited decreased TF expression in monocytes and alveolar macrophages, with consequently compromised coagulation in their blood and lungs. In vitro results showed that ROS‐induced SENP3 accumulation contributed to LPS‐induced TF expression, which was reduced by JNK inhibitor SP600125. Furthermore, mice injected with LPS following SP600125 (75 mg/kg) treatment showed decreased monocytes/macrophages TF production and alleviated coagulation activation, with less severe lung injury and higher survival rates. Collectively, the results suggest that SENP3 mediates LPS‐induced coagulation activation by up‐regulating monocyte/macrophage TF production in a JNK‐dependent manner. This work provides new insights into ROS regulation of LPS‐activated coagulation and reveals a link between SUMOylation and coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Chen
- Emergency Department, South Campus, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Lao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangjun He
- Emergency Department, South Campus, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Emergency Department, South Campus, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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O'Dea KP, Tan YY, Shah S, V Patel B, C Tatham K, Wilson MR, Soni S, Takata M. Monocytes mediate homing of circulating microvesicles to the pulmonary vasculature during low-grade systemic inflammation. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1706708. [PMID: 32002170 PMCID: PMC6968433 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1706708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs), a plasma membrane-derived subclass of extracellular vesicles, are produced and released into the circulation during systemic inflammation, yet little is known of cell/tissue-specific uptake of MVs under these conditions. We hypothesized that monocytes contribute to uptake of circulating MVs and that their increased margination to the pulmonary circulation and functional priming during systemic inflammation produces substantive changes to the systemic MV homing profile. Cellular uptake of i.v.-injected, fluorescently labelled MVs (J774.1 macrophage-derived) in vivo was quantified by flow cytometry in vascular cell populations of the lungs, liver and spleen of C57BL6 mice. Under normal conditions, both Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow monocytes contributed to MV uptake but liver Kupffer cells were the dominant target cell population. Following induction of sub-clinical endotoxemia with low-dose i.v. LPS, MV uptake by lung-marginated Ly6Chigh monocytes increased markedly, both at the individual cell level (~2.5-fold) and through substantive expansion of their numbers (~8-fold), whereas uptake by splenic macrophages was unchanged and uptake by Kupffer cells actually decreased (~50%). Further analysis of MV uptake within the pulmonary vasculature using a combined model approach of in vivo macrophage depletion, ex vivo isolated perfused lungs and in vitro lung perfusate cell-based assays, indicated that Ly6Chigh monocytes possess a high MV uptake capacity (equivalent to Kupffer cells), that is enhanced directly by endotoxemia and ablated in the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS)-enriched liposomes and β3 integrin receptor blocking peptide. Accordingly, i.v.-injected PS-enriched liposomes underwent a redistribution of cellular uptake during endotoxemia similar to MVs, with enhanced uptake by Ly6Chigh monocytes and reduced uptake by Kupffer cells. These findings indicate that monocytes, particularly lung-marginated Ly6Chigh subset monocytes, become a dominant target cell population for MVs during systemic inflammation, with significant implications for the function and targeting of endogenous and therapeutically administered MVs, lending novel insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P O'Dea
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ying Ying Tan
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sneh Shah
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Brijesh V Patel
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kate C Tatham
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mike R Wilson
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sanooj Soni
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Masao Takata
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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28
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Analysis of apoptotic, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and tissue factor-positive microparticles of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction therapy. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2019; 30:149-155. [PMID: 31090597 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thromboembolism is one of the most common complications during induction therapy of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Procoagulant microparticles in the circulation may cause thromboembolic events. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of apoptotic, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and tissue factor-positive microparticles of children with ALL at diagnosis and during induction therapy. METHODS Sixteen precursor B-cell ALL cases and 30 healthy children between 1 and 18 years of age were included. Microparticle levels were analyzed from peripheral blood samples at initial diagnosis, on days 12 and 13 (before and after the first L-asparaginase administration), and on day 33 of ALL-BFM 2000 treatment protocol. Microparticle levels were analyzed by using flow cytometry. RESULTS At initial diagnosis, platelet, endothelial-derived, and tissue factor-positive microparticle levels were significantly high in children with ALL. They increased significantly after prednisone and L-asparaginase administration. Apoptotic microparticle levels were not elevated at diagnosis, but remained high during all induction therapy period. None of the patients had evidence of thromboembolism during induction therapy. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that children with ALL have increased levels of apoptotic, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and tissue factor-positive microprticles during induction therapy. Further studies are needed in larger groups of patients in order to evaluate the risk of elevated microprticles for development of thromboembolism during induction therapy period in children with ALL.
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29
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Kroone C, Vos M, Rademakers T, Kuijpers M, Hoogenboezem M, van Buul J, Heemskerk JWM, Ruf W, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Versteeg HH, Goumans MJ, de Vries CJM, Kurakula K. LIM-only protein FHL2 attenuates vascular tissue factor activity, inhibits thrombus formation in mice and FHL2 genetic variation associates with human venous thrombosis. Haematologica 2019; 105:1677-1685. [PMID: 31467128 PMCID: PMC7271603 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.203026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleeding disorders and thrombotic complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality with many cases being unexplained. Thrombus formation involves aberrant expression and activation of tissue factor (TF) in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Here, we sought to identify factors that modulate TF gene expression and activity in these vascular cells. The LIM-only protein FHL2 is a scaffolding protein that modulates signal transduction pathways with crucial functions in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. However, the role of FHL2 in TF regulation and thrombosis remains unexplored. Using a murine model of venous thrombosis in mesenteric vessels, we demonstrated that FHL2 deficiency results in exacerbated thrombus formation. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that FHL2 represses TF expression in endothelial and smooth muscle cells through inhibition of the transcription factors nuclear factor κB and activating protein-1. Furthermore, we observed that FHL2 interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of TF. In line with our in vivo observations, FHL2 decreases TF activity in endothelial and smooth muscle cells whereas FHL2 knockdown or deficiency results in enhanced TF activity. Finally, the FHL2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs4851770 was associated with the risk of venous thrombosis in a large population of venous thrombosis cases and control subjects from 12 studies (INVENT consortium). Altogether, our results highlight functional involvement of FHL2 in TF-mediated coagulation and identify FHL2 as a novel gene associated with venous thrombosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Kroone
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (UMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timo Rademakers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogenboezem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap van Buul
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Henri H Versteeg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (UMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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30
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Antonova OA, Yakushkin VV, Mazurov AV. Coagulation Activity of Membrane Microparticles. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747819030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Wang XL, Deng HF, Tan CY, Xiao ZH, Liu MD, Liu K, Zhang HL, Xiao XZ. The role of PSGL-1 in pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response and coagulopathy in endotoxemic mice. Thromb Res 2019; 182:56-63. [PMID: 31450009 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endotoxemia often results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), coagulation disturbance and acute lung injury (ALI), and such a condition is associated with the activation of platelets, leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells (VECs). P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is a key regulatory molecule in the activation of platelets, leukocytes and VECs. However, it still remains largely unexplored whether PSGL-1 plays an important role in SIRS, coagulation dysfunction and ALI of endotoxemia. In the present study, we aimed to study the role of PSGL-1 in above-mentioned situations using endotoxemic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS An endotoxemia model was established in BALB/c mice via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Moreover, the mice were simultaneously injected with PSGL-1 antibody for intervention. The survival rate, morphologic changes of lung tissues, platelet-leukocyte adhesion, tissue factor expression on leukocytes, fibrinogen deposition in lung tissues, serum levels of inflammatory factors and the activation of VECs were determined. RESULTS The results showed that the aggregation and recruitment of platelets and leukocytes in lung tissues, the expression of tissue factor on leukocytes, the serum levels of inflammatory factors, the activation of VECs, and the fibrinogen deposition in lung tissues were increased in endotoxemic mice, which were significantly alleviated by administration of PSGL-1 antibody. Moreover, blockade of PSGL-1 markedly increased survival rate, and alleviated coagulation disturbance and lung injury in endotoxemic mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, PSGL-1 played an important role in pathogenesis of SIRS and coagulation dysfunction and ALI in endotoxemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translation Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Medical College of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, PR China
| | - Hua-Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translation Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Chu-Yi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translation Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Zi-Hui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translation Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.
| | - Mei-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translation Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translation Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Hua-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translation Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Xian-Zhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translation Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.
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Stachurska A, Dorman M, Korsak J, Gaweł D, Grzanka M, Trybus W, Fabijanska-Mitek J. Selected CD molecules and the phagocytosis of microvesicles released from erythrocytes ex vivo. Vox Sang 2019; 114:576-587. [PMID: 31281973 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The accumulation of microvesicles in erythrocyte concentrates during storage or irradiation may be responsible for clinical symptoms such as inflammation, coagulation and immunization. Our aim was to determine whether any of the cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules responsible for important functions are present on microvesicles, and if their expression level is dependent on the storage period of erythrocyte concentrates. MATERIAL AND METHODS Erythrocyte microvesicles were isolated from 'fresh' (2nd day) and 'old' (42nd day) stored erythrocyte concentrates. Qualitative cytometric analysis of 0·5 µm, erythrocyte-derived, PS-exposing vesicles was performed using the annexin V-FITC, anti-CD235a-PE antibody and calibrated beads. The microvesicles were also visualized under a confocal microscope. The expression of the molecules CD235a, CD44, CD47, CD55, CD59 and of phosphatidylserine (PS) was compared using flow cytometry. Measurements of microvesicle phagocytosis by human monocytes were carried out using a flow cytometer and a confocal microscope. RESULTS The analysis of the microvesicles with calibration beads allowed us to identify these structures with a diameter of about 0·5 µm in the 'fresh' and 'old' samples. At day 2, the microvesicles had elevated expression levels of CD47, reduced expression levels of PS, CD55 and CD59. The phagocytosis index was higher for the microvesicles isolated from the 42-day-old erythrocyte concentrates. CONCLUSION This research may bring us closer to understanding the factors responsible for erythrocyte ageing and to evaluate the quality of stored red blood concentrates intended for transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stachurska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dorman
- Department of Clinical Transfusiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Korsak
- Department of Clinical Transfusiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grzanka
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Trybus
- Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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O'Donnell JS, O'Sullivan JM, Preston RJS. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that maintain normal haemostasis. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:24-36. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. O'Donnell
- Haemostasis Research Group Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Irish Centre for Vascular Biology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Jamie M. O'Sullivan
- Haemostasis Research Group Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Irish Centre for Vascular Biology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Roger J. S. Preston
- Haemostasis Research Group Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Irish Centre for Vascular Biology Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
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Taleb RSZ, Moez P, Younan D, Eisenacher M, Tenbusch M, Sitek B, Bracht T. Protein Biomarker Discovery Using Human Blood Plasma Microparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1959:51-64. [PMID: 30852815 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9164-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells shed into the extracellular space a population of membranous vesicles of plasma membrane origin called microparticles (MP). Given the fact that MP are abundantly present in body fluids including plasma, rich in cell-type or disease-specific proteins and formed in conditions of stress and injury, they have been extensively investigated as biomarkers in various diseases. With the advancement in the mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis, the knowledge of the protein composition of plasma MP (PMP) has been intensively expanded, which aids the discovery of novel diagnostic target proteins. However, the lack of standardized and accurate protocols for PMP isolation limits the implementation of PMP as biomarkers in clinical settings. Here, we describe in detail a robust protocol for PMP isolation from human blood plasma via ultracentrifugation followed by label-free quantitative proteome analysis of PMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda Saad Zaghloul Taleb
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Pacint Moez
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doreen Younan
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Wang GH, Lu J, Ma KL, Zhang Y, Hu ZB, Chen PP, Lu CC, Zhang XL, Liu BC. The Release of Monocyte-Derived Tissue Factor-Positive Microparticles Contributes to a Hypercoagulable State in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 26:538-546. [PMID: 30429407 PMCID: PMC6545459 DOI: 10.5551/jat.46284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by a high risk of thromboembolic complications. Microparticles (MPs), a type of extracellular vesicles, have procoagulant properties, especially when they display tissue factor (TF). This study aimed to investigate whether circulating TF-positive MPs contributed to the hypercoagulable state in patients with IMN. Methods: Twenty adult IMN patients and fourteen healthy subjects were included in the study. The basic indexes of a routine biochemical examination and coagulative function were determined. The plasma levels of MPs were detected by flow cytometry, and TF activity of MPs was examined using an assay kit. The plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Total circulating MPs were not increased in patients with IMN compared with healthy controls. Circulating CD14+/TF+MPs were significantly increased in IMN patients, but this achieved significance was not observed in CD41+/TF+MPs between the two groups. Interestingly, the circulating TF-positive MPs were increased significantly. Plasma MPs TF assays revealed high procoagulant activity, which was positively associated with the D-dimer level in IMN. In addition, circulating LPS in IMN patients were significantly higher than those in the controls. Furthermore, after two hours' incubation with healthy whole blood, LPS enhanced the release of circulating TF-positive MPs and the TF activity of MPs. Conclusion: Increased circulating LPS may mediate the release of monocyte-derived TF-positive MPs, which further contributes to the hypercoagulable state in IMN patients. These findings provide an additional mechanism by which patients with IMN have a higher risk of thromboembolic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Hua Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Jian Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Kun Ling Ma
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Ze Bo Hu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Pei Pei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Chen Chen Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Xiao Liang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Bi Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
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Sun B, Peng J, Wang S, Liu X, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Wang C, Jing X, Zhou C, Wang Y. Applications of stem cell-derived exosomes in tissue engineering and neurological diseases. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:531-546. [PMID: 29267178 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-100 nm that are key for intercellular communication. Almost all types of cell, including dendritic cells, T cells, mast cells, epithelial cells, neuronal cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and platelets, can release exosomes. Exosomes are present in human body fluids, such as urine, amniotic fluid, malignant ascites, synovial fluid, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, semen, saliva, and blood. Exosomes have biological functions in immune response, antigen presentation, intercellular communication, and RNA and protein transfer. This review provides a brief overview of the origin, morphological characteristics, enrichment and identification methods, biological functions, and applications in tissue engineering and neurological diseases of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichuan Sun
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Xuejian Liu
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Kaihong Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zengzeng Zhang
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoguang Jing
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Chengfu Zhou
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Beijing 100853, China
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Kapoor S, Opneja A, Nayak L. The role of neutrophils in thrombosis. Thromb Res 2018; 170:87-96. [PMID: 30138777 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant evidence implicating an important role for neutrophils in thrombosis, their impact on the thrombotic process has remained a matter of controversy. Until 2010, platelets, coagulation factors, fibrinogen and monocytes were implicated in the thrombotic process. Several studies conducted over the last decade now support the growing notion that neutrophils indeed do contribute significantly to this process. Neutrophils can contribute to pathologic venous and arterial thrombosis or 'immunothrombosis' by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and NET release is emerging as a major contributor to thrombogenesis in pathologic situations such as sepsis and malignancy. Further, blood-cell derived microparticles, including those from neutrophils, have been implicated in thrombus formation. Finally, inflammasome activation in the neutrophil identifies another important mechanism that may be operative in neutrophil-driven risk for thrombosis. The knowledge of these roles of neutrophils in thrombosis may pave the road for novel anti-thrombotic agents in the future that do not affect hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargam Kapoor
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, United States; Case Western Reserve University, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Aman Opneja
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, United States; Case Western Reserve University, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Lalitha Nayak
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, United States; Case Western Reserve University, Department of Medicine, United States.
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Thulin Å, Yan J, Åberg M, Christersson C, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Siegbahn A. Sensitive and Specific Detection of Platelet-Derived and Tissue Factor-Positive Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma Using Solid-Phase Proximity Ligation Assay. TH OPEN 2018; 2:e250-e260. [PMID: 31276087 PMCID: PMC6602879 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from blood cells are promising biomarkers for various diseases. However, they are difficult to measure accurately in plasma due to their small size. Here, we demonstrate that platelet-derived EVs in plasma can be measured using solid-phase proximity ligation assay with high sensitivity and specificity using very small sample volume of biological materials. The results correlate well with high-sensitivity flow cytometry with the difference that the smallest EVs are detected. Briefly, the EVs are first captured on a solid phase, using lactadherin binding, and detection requires recognition with two antibodies followed by qPCR. The assay, using cholera toxin subunit-B or lactadherin as capture agents, also allowed detection of the more rare population of tissue factor (TF)-positive EVs at a concentration similar to sensitive TF activity assays. Thus, this assay can detect different types of EVs with high specificity and sensitivity, and has the potential to be an attractive alternative to flow cytometric analysis of preclinical and clinical samples. Improved techniques for measuring EVs in plasma will hopefully contribute to the understanding of their role in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Thulin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Junhong Yan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles: regenerative and immunomodulatory effects and potential applications in sepsis. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:1-15. [PMID: 29955951 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSCs) have multipotent differentiation capacity and exist in nearly all forms of post-natal organs and tissues. The immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs have made them an ideal candidate in the treatment of diseases, such as sepsis, in which inflammation plays a critical role. One of the key mechanisms of MSCs appears to derive from their paracrine activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are at least partially responsible for the paracrine effect. MSC-EVs transfer molecules (such as proteins/peptides, mRNA, microRNA and lipids) with immunoregulatory properties to recipient cells. MSC-EVs have been shown to mimic MSCs in alleviating sepsis and may serve as an alternative to whole cell therapy. Compared with MSCs, MSC-EVs may offer specific advantages due to lower immunogenicity and higher safety profile. The first two sections of the review discuss the preclinical and clinical findings of MSCs in sepsis. Next, we review the characteristics of EVs and MSC-EVs. Then, we summarize the mechanisms of MSC-EVs, including tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Finally, our review presents the evidences that MSC-EVs are effective in treating models of sepsis. In conclusion, MSC-EVs may have the potential to become a novel therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
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Bagdade JD, Jilma B, Hudgins LC, Alaupovic P, McCurdy CE. LpA-II:B:C:D:E: a new immunochemically-defined acute phase lipoprotein in humans. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:127. [PMID: 29807532 PMCID: PMC5972402 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies of lipoproteins in patients with sepsis have been performed on density fractions isolated by conventional ultracentrifugation that are heterogeneous and provide no information about the cargo of apoproteins present in the immunochemically distinct subclasses that populate the density classes. Since apoproteins are now known to have important roles in host defense, we have separated these subclasses according to their apoprotein content and characterized their changes during experimental endotoxemia in human volunteers. Methods We have studied apoB- and apoA containing lipoprotein subclasses in twelve healthy male volunteers before and for 8 h after a single dose of endotoxin (ET; 2 μg/kg) to stimulate inflammation. Results After endotoxin, TG, TC, apoB and the apoB-containing lipoprotein cholesterol-rich subclass LpB and two of the three triglyceride-rich subclasses (TGRLP: Lp:B:C, LpB:C:E+ LpB:E) all declined. In contrast, the third TGRLP, LpA-II:B:C:D:E (“complex particle”), after reaching a nadir at 4 h rose 49% above baseline, p = .006 at 8 h and became the dominant particle in the TGRLP pool. This increment exceeds the threshold of > 25% change required for designation as an acute phase protein. Simultaneous decreases in LpA-I:A-II and LpB:C:E + LpB:E suggest that these subclasses undergo post-translational modification and contribute to the formation of new LpA-II:B:C:D:E particles. Conclusions We have identified a new acute phase lipoprotein whose apoprotein constituents have metabolic and immunoregulatory properties applicable to host defense that make it well constituted to engage in the APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Bagdade
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, 122c Esslinger Hall, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa C Hudgins
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Petar Alaupovic
- Lipid and Lipoprotein Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, 122c Esslinger Hall, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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Rodrigues M, Fan J, Lyon C, Wan M, Hu Y. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Viral and Bacterial Infections: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2709-2721. [PMID: 29774070 PMCID: PMC5957004 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, are nanovesicles of endocytic origin that carry host and pathogen-derived protein, nucleic acid, and lipid cargos. They are secreted by most cell types and play important roles in normal cell-to-cell communications but can also spread pathogen- and host-derived molecules during infections to alter immune responses and pathophysiological processes. New research is beginning to decipher how EVs influence viral and bacterial pathogenesis. In this review, we will describe how EVs influence viral and bacterial pathogenesis by spreading pathogen-derived factors and how they can promote and inhibit the immune response to these pathogens. We will also discuss the emerging potential of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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42
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Hosseini-Beheshti E, Grau GER. Extracellular vesicles as mediators of immunopathology in infectious diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:694-703. [PMID: 29577413 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, extracellular vesicles have emerged as important elements in cell-cell communication and as key players in disease pathogenesis via transmission of their cargo between different cells. Various works have described different subpopulations of these membrane structures, based on their cell of origin, biogenesis, size, biophysical properties and cargo. In addition to their pathophysiological role in the development and progression of different diseases including infectious diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, extracellular vesicles are now recognized for their potential as novel therapeutic targets and intelligent drug delivery system. Here, we have reviewed the most recent data on different subtypes of extracellular vesicles, focusing on microvesicles and exosomes and their subpopulations, their involvement in immune-mediated pathogenesis of various infectious diseases and their role as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Marie Bashir Institute and The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Georges Emile Raymond Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Marie Bashir Institute and The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Peters AL, Vlaar APJ, van Bruggen R, de Korte D, Meijers JCM, Nieuwland R, Juffermans NP. Transfusion of autologous extracellular vesicles from stored red blood cells does not affect coagulation in a model of human endotoxemia. Transfusion 2018; 58:1486-1493. [PMID: 29577324 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion has been related to thromboembolic events. Microvesicles in the RBC product may support coagulation because they have procoagulant effects in vitro. We investigated whether transfusion of RBCs containing extracellular vesicles promotes coagulation in human recipients. As transfusion is mostly administered to ill patients, we used a model of endotoxemia. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen healthy volunteers were randomized to receive either saline or fresh (2 days stored) or stored autologous (35 days stored) RBC transfusion (Dutch Trial Register: NTR4455). Two hours after infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Escherichia coli, 2 ng/kg body weight), subjects received either saline or fresh or stored RBCs. Blood was sampled every 2 hours up to 8 hours after LPS infusion. Vesicles were measured with a flow cytometer (A50-Micro, Apogee Flow Systems). RESULTS LPS resulted in increased thrombin generation compared to baseline. During storage, the total number of extracellular vesicles increased from 1.4 × 108 /mL (interquartile range [IQR], 8.3 × 107 -1.9 × 108 /mL) in the fresh product to 1.7 × 1010 /mL (IQR, 7.9 × 109 -2.3 × 1010 /mL; p < 0.01) in the stored product (p < 0.001). Vesicles appeared to be mostly RBC derived. CONCLUSION After transfusion, extracellular vesicles from stored RBC products, but not from fresh products, could be detected in the circulation of healthy volunteers. However, infusion of stored RBC extracellular vesicles did not augment thrombin generation compared to endotoxemic controls. Also, levels of d-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin complex were unaffected. In conclusion, transfusion of autologous RBCs containing high levels of extracellular vesicles does not enhance coagulation in human volunteers with endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Peters
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C M Meijers
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory for Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kurakula K, Koenis DS, Herzik MA, Liu Y, Craft JW, van Loenen PB, Vos M, Tran MK, Versteeg HH, Goumans MJTH, Ruf W, de Vries CJM, Şen M. Structural and cellular mechanisms of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1-mediated enhancement of Tissue Factor gene expression, protein half-life, and pro-coagulant activity. Haematologica 2018; 103:1073-1082. [PMID: 29545340 PMCID: PMC6058786 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.183087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue Factor is a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed in various cells of the vasculature and is the principal regulator of the blood coagulation cascade and hemostasis. Notably, aberrant expression of Tissue Factor is associated with cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Here, we sought to identify factors that regulate Tissue Factor gene expression and activity. Tissue Factor gene expression is regulated by various transcription factors, including activating protein-1 and nuclear factor-κ B. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is known to modulate the activity of these two transcription factors, and we now show that Pin1 augments Tissue Factor gene expression in both vascular smooth muscle cells and activated endothelial cells via activating protein-1 and nuclear factor-κ B signaling. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic domain of Tissue Factor contains a well-conserved phospho-Ser258-Pro259 amino-acid motif recognized by Pin1. Using co-immunoprecipitation and solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that the WW-domain of Pin1 directly binds the cytoplasmic domain of Tissue Factor. This interaction occurs via the phospho-Ser258-Pro259 sequence in the Tissue Factor cytoplasmic domain and results in increased protein half-life and pro-coagulant activity. Taken together, our results establish Pin1 as an upstream regulator of Tissue Factor-mediated coagulation, thereby opening up new avenues for research into the use of specific Pin1 inhibitors for the treatment of diseases characterized by pathological coagulation, such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Duco S Koenis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark A Herzik
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical Biology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanyun Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical Biology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - John W Craft
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical Biology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pieter B van Loenen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Khang Tran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José T H Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Şen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical Biology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Houston, TX, USA
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Witkowski M, Tabaraie T, Steffens D, Friebel J, Dörner A, Skurk C, Witkowski M, Stratmann B, Tschoepe D, Landmesser U, Rauch U. MicroRNA-19a contributes to the epigenetic regulation of tissue factor in diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:34. [PMID: 29477147 PMCID: PMC6389222 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic vascular disorder and presents a main risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. In particular, hyperglycaemia and inflammatory cytokines induce vascular circulating tissue factor (TF) that promotes pro-thrombotic conditions in diabetes. It has recently become evident that alterations of the post-transcriptional regulation of TF via specific microRNA(miR)s, such as miR-126, contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The endothelial miR-19a is involved in vascular homeostasis and atheroprotection. However, its role in diabetes-related thrombogenicity is unknown. Understanding miR-networks regulating procoagulability in diabetes may help to develop new treatment options preventing vascular complications. Methods and results Plasma of 44 patients with known diabetes was assessed for the expression of miR-19a, TF protein, TF activity, and markers for vascular inflammation. High miR-19a expression was associated with reduced TF protein, TF-mediated procoagulability, and vascular inflammation based on expression of vascular adhesion molecule-1 and leukocyte count. We found plasma expression of miR-19a to strongly correlate with miR-126. miR-19a reduced the TF expression on mRNA and protein level in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) as well as TF activity in human monocytes (THP-1), while anti-miR-19a increased the TF expression. Interestingly, miR-19a induced VCAM expression in HMEC. However, miR-19a and miR-126 co-transfection reduced total endothelial VCAM expression and exhibited additive inhibition of a luciferase reporter construct containing the F3 3′UTR. Conclusions While both miRs have differential functions on endothelial VCAM expression, miR-19a and miR-126 cooperate to exhibit anti-thrombotic properties via regulating vascular TF expression. Modulating the post-transcriptional control of TF in diabetes may provide a future anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0678-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Witkowski
- Charité Centrum 11, Depart. of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Termeh Tabaraie
- Charité Centrum 11, Depart. of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Steffens
- Charité Centrum 11, Depart. of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Friebel
- Charité Centrum 11, Depart. of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Dörner
- Charité Centrum 11, Depart. of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Skurk
- Charité Centrum 11, Depart. of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Witkowski
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Stratmann
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Diethelm Tschoepe
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Charité Centrum 11, Depart. of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauch
- Charité Centrum 11, Depart. of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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Clinical Significance of Tissue Factor and CD13 Double-Positive Microparticles in Sirs Patients with Trauma and Severe Sepsis. Shock 2018; 47:409-415. [PMID: 27753793 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated immune cells such as monocytes are key factors in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following trauma and sepsis. Activated monocytes induce almost all tissue factor (TF) expression contributing to inflammation and coagulation. TF and CD13 double-positive microparticles (TF/CD13MPs) are predominantly released from these activated monocytes. This study aimed to evaluate TF/CD13MPs and assess their usefulness as a biomarker of pathogenesis in early SIRS following trauma and sepsis. This prospective study comprising 24 trauma patients, 25 severe sepsis patients, and 23 healthy controls was conducted from November 2012 to February 2015. Blood samples were collected from patients within 24 h after injury and diagnosis of severe sepsis and from healthy controls. Numbers of TF/CD13MPs were measured by flow cytometry immediately thereafter. Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were calculated at patient enrollment. APACHE II and SOFA scores and International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) diagnostic criteria algorithm were calculated at the time of enrollment of severe sepsis patients. Numbers of TF/CD13MPs were significantly increased in both trauma and severe sepsis patients versus controls and correlated significantly with ISS and APACHE II score in trauma patients and with APACHE II and ISTH DIC scores in severe sepsis patients. Increased numbers of TF/CD13MPs correlated significantly with severities in the acute phase in trauma and severe sepsis patients, suggesting that TF/CD13MPs are important in the pathogenesis of early SIRS following trauma and sepsis.
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Iba T, Levy JH. Inflammation and thrombosis: roles of neutrophils, platelets and endothelial cells and their interactions in thrombus formation during sepsis. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:231-241. [PMID: 29193703 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response and the activation of coagulation are two important responses in a host's defense against infection. These mechanisms do not work independently, but cooperate in a complex and synchronous manner. Recent research has also shed light on the critical role of thrombus formation, which prevents the dissemination of microorganisms. The cellular components of blood vessels, i.e. leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, play significant roles in the development of thrombi in combination with activation of the coagulation system. In addition to the cellular components, alarmins such as histones and high-mobility group box 1, microparticles and secreted granule proteins are all important for clot formation. In this summary, we review the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced coagulopathy and the role of cellular components and critical factors released from damaged cells. In addition, we review important therapeutic approaches that have been developed, are under investigation and are currently available in certain countries, including antithrombin, recombinant thrombomodulin, anti-Toll-like receptor 4 therapy, anti-damage associated molecular pattern therapy, and hemoadsorption with a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelial pathology is considered to play a key role in septic shock. Since endothelial-derived microvesicles (MV) are elevated in various diseases associated with endothelial pathology, they are considered surrogate markers of the endothelial state. By analyzing the signature of circulating MV with high-sensitivity flow cytometry (hsFC), we wanted to test the hypothesis whether endothelial-derived MV are increased in septic shock. METHODS MV in blood from healthy volunteers and patients with septic shock treated in a medical intensive care unit were quantified by hsFC, which has an improved detection limit of approximately 0.3 μm. RESULTS Patients with septic shock (n = 30) showed 3-fold higher levels of CD31+/CD41- MV (58.5 (26.4-101.2) [median (25th-75th percentile)] vs. 19.5 (12.8-25.4) MV/μL; P <0.001) compared with healthy volunteers (n = 18). Absolute counts of CD144+, CD62E+, and CD106+ MV, specific for endothelial-derived MV, were low in all groups. The number of CD31+/CD41- MV correlated significantly with leukocyte count (rs = 0.64; P <0.001). Platelet-derived CD41+ MV were significantly elevated in the group dying within 48 h after inclusion (639.1 (321.3-969.7) vs. 221.5 (119.5-456.9) MV/μL; P = 0.037). Patients dying within 48 h had also significantly higher levels of CD31+/CD41-/AnnexinV- MV (51.9 (24.9-259.8) vs. 18.9 (9.7-31) MV/μL; P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Despite an improved detection limit for MV by using hsFC, counts of endothelial-specific MV are unexpectedly low in patients with septic shock. Increased amounts of CD41+ and CD31+/CD41-/AnnexinV- MV indicate release by activated platelets and possibly leukocytes correlating with unfavorable outcome.
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49
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Alhamdi Y, Toh CH. Recent advances in pathophysiology of disseminated intravascular coagulation: the role of circulating histones and neutrophil extracellular traps. F1000Res 2017; 6:2143. [PMID: 29399324 PMCID: PMC5785716 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12498.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired condition that develops as a complication of systemic and sustained cell injury in conditions such as sepsis and trauma. It represents major dysregulation and increased thrombin generation in vivo. A poor understanding and recognition of the complex interactions in the coagulation, fibrinolytic, inflammatory, and innate immune pathways have resulted in continued poor management and high mortality rates in DIC. This review focuses attention on significant recent advances in our understanding of DIC pathophysiology. In particular, circulating histones and neutrophil extracellular traps fulfil established criteria in DIC pathogenesis. Both are damaging to the vasculature and highly relevant to the cross talk between coagulation and inflammation processes, which can culminate in adverse clinical outcomes. These molecules have a strong potential to be novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in DIC, which is still considered synonymous with 'death is coming'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Alhamdi
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cheng-Hock Toh
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Roald Dahl Haemostasis & Thrombosis Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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50
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Wisgrill L, Lamm C, Hartmann J, Preißing F, Dragosits K, Bee A, Hell L, Thaler J, Ay C, Pabinger I, Berger A, Spittler A. Peripheral blood microvesicles secretion is influenced by storage time, temperature, and anticoagulants. Cytometry A 2017; 89:663-72. [PMID: 27442840 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are small membrane bound vesicles released from various cell types after activation or apoptosis. In the last decades, MVs received an increased interest as biomarkers in inflammation, coagulation and cancer. However, standardized pre-analytical steps are crucial for the minimization of artifacts in the MV analysis. Thus, this study evaluated the MV release in whole blood samples under the influence of different anticoagulants, storage time and various temperature conditions. Samples were collected from healthy probands and processed immediately, after 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours at room temperature (RT) or 4°C. To identify MV subpopulations, platelet free plasma (PFP) was stained with Annexin V, calcein AM, CD15, CD41 and CD235a. Analysis was performend on a CytoFLEX flow cytometer. Procoagulatory function of MVs was measured using a phospholipid dependent activity and a tissue factor MVactivity assay. Without prior storage, sodium citrate showed the lowest MV count compared to heparin and EDTA. Interestingly, EDTA showed a significant release of myeloid-derived MVs (MMVs) compared to sodium citrate. Sodium citrate showed a stable MV count at RT in the first 8 hours after blood collection. Total MV counts increased after 24 hours in sodium citrated or heparinzed blood which was related to all subpopulations. Interestingly, EDTA showed stable platelet-derived MV (PMV) and erythrocyte-derived MV (EryMV) count at RT over a 48 h period. In addition, the procoagulatory potential increased significantly after 8-hour storage. Based on both, this work and literature data, the used anticoagulant, storage time and storage temperature differently influence the analysis of MVs within 8 hours. To date, sodium citrated tubes are recommended for MV enumeration and functional analysis. EDTA tubes might be an option for the clinical routine due to stable PMV and EryMV counts. These new approaches need to be validated in a clinical laboratory setting before being applied to patient studies. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wisgrill
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christian Lamm
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Julia Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Falk Preißing
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Klaus Dragosits
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Annica Bee
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Lena Hell
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria
| | - Johannes Thaler
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria
| | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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