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Kashima H, Fischer A, Veronese-Paniagua DA, Gazit VA, Ma C, Yan Y, Levin MS, Madison BB, Rubin DC. A Novel CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Mouse Model of Colon Carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:101390. [PMID: 39128652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) results from a multistep pathway with sequential acquisition of specific genetic mutations in the colorectal epithelium. Modeling CRC in vivo is critical for understanding the tumor microenvironment. To accurately recapitulate human CRC pathogenesis, mouse models must include these multi-step genetic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to generate a sporadic CRC model that more closely mimics this multi-step process and to use this model to study the role of a novel Let7 target PLAGL2 in CRC pathogenesis. METHODS We generated a CRISPR/Cas9 somatic mutagenesis mouse model that is inducible and multiplexed for simultaneous inactivation of multiple genes involved in CRC pathogenesis. We used both a doxycycline-inducible transcriptional activator and a doxycycline-inactivated transcriptional repressor to achieve tight, non-leaky expression of the Cas9 nickase. This mouse has transgenic expression of multiple guide RNAs to induce sporadic inactivation in the gut epithelium of 4 tumor suppressor genes commonly mutated in CRC, Apc, Pten, Smad4, and Trp53. These were crossed to Vil-LCL-PLAGL2 mice, which have Cre-inducible overexpression of PLAGL2 in the gut epithelium. RESULTS These mice exhibited random somatic mutations in all 4 targeted tumor suppressor genes, resulting in multiple adenomas and adenocarcinomas in the small bowel and colon. Crosses with Vil-LCL-PLAGL2 mice demonstrated that gut-specific PLAGL2 overexpression increased colon tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS This conditional model represents a new CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mouse model of colorectal carcinogenesis. These mice can be used to investigate the role of novel, previously uncharacterized genes in CRC, in the context of multiple commonly mutated tumor suppressor genes and thus more closely mimic human CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kashima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; Current affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Anthony Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel A Veronese-Paniagua
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Vered A Gazit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Changqing Ma
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Marc S Levin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; Veteran's Administration St. Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Blair B Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; Current affiliation: Poseida Therapeutics Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
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Li G, Chen W, Jiang K, Huang J, Zhong J, Liu X, Wei T, Gong R, Li Z, Zhu J, Shi H, Lei J. Exosome-mediated Delivery of miR-519e-5p Promotes Malignant Tumor Phenotype and CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion in Metastatic PTC. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1601-1617. [PMID: 38078691 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Distant metastases are the primary cause of therapy failure and mortality in patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). However, the underlying mechanism responsible for the initiation of tumor cell dissemination and metastasis in PTCs has rarely been investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in distant metastatic PTCs. METHODS The most relevant circulating exosomal miRNA to distant metastatic PTCs were verified between distant metastatic PTCs and nondistant metastatic PTCs by miRNA microarray, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The parental and recipient cells of that circulating exosomal miRNA were then explored. In vitro and in vivo experiments were further performed to elucidate the function and potential mechanisms of circulating exosomal miRNAs that contribute to the development of distant metastases. RESULTS We determined that PTC-derived exosomal miR-519e-5p was significantly upregulated in the circulatory system in distant metastatic PTCs. Further tests demonstrated that PTC cells can acquire a more malignant phenotype via hnRNPA2B1-mediated sorting of tumor suppressor miR-519e-5p into exosomes to activate Wnt signaling pathway via upregulating PLAGL2. Furthermore, miR-519e-5p included in PTC-derived exosomes can be transferred to recipient CD8+ T cells and aid in tumor immune escape in distant organs through inhibiting Notch signaling pathway by downregulating NOTCH2. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the dual role of PTC-derived exosomal miR-519e-5p in distant metastasis, which may improve our understanding of exosome-mediated distant metastatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genpeng Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinjing Zhong
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rixiang Gong
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hubing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianyong Lei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Wang C, Ni J, Zhai D, Xu Y, Wu Z, Chen Y, Liu N, Du J, Shen Y, Liu G, Yang Y, You L, Hu W. Stress-induced epinephrine promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via the USP10-PLAGL2 signaling loop. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1150-1163. [PMID: 38689092 PMCID: PMC11148159 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Our previous study demonstrated that Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) was a potential therapeutic target in HCC. However, the mechanisms that lead to the upregulation of PLAGL2 in HCC remain unclear. The present study revealed that stress-induced epinephrine increased the expression of PLAGL2, thereby promoting the progression of HCC. Furthermore, PLAGL2 knockdown inhibited epinephrine-induced HCC development. Mechanistically, epinephrine upregulated ubiquitin-specific protease 10 (USP10) to stabilize PLAGL2 via the adrenergic β-receptor-2-c-Myc (ADRB2-c-Myc) axis. Furthermore, PLAGL2 acted as a transcriptional regulator of USP10, forming a signaling loop. Taken together, these results reveal that stress-induced epinephrine activates the PLAGL2-USP10 signaling loop to enhance HCC progression. Furthermore, PLAGL2 plays a crucial role in psychological stress-mediated promotion of HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jiaping Ni
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Dongqing Zhai
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zijie Wu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Chen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Yumeng Shen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Guilai Liu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Linjun You
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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Fraire CR, Desai K, Obalapuram UA, Mendyka LK, Rajaram V, Sebastian T, Wang Y, Onel K, Lee J, Chen KS. An imbalance between proliferation and differentiation underlies the development of microRNA-defective pineoblastoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590638. [PMID: 38712047 PMCID: PMC11071395 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the microRNA processing genes DICER1 and DROSHA drive several cancers that resemble embryonic progenitors. To understand how microRNAs regulate tumorigenesis, we ablated Drosha or Dicer1 in the developing pineal gland to emulate the pathogenesis of pineoblastoma, a brain tumor that resembles undifferentiated precursors of the pineal gland. Accordingly, these mice develop pineal tumors marked by loss of microRNAs, including the let-7/miR-98-5p family, and de-repression of microRNA target genes. Pineal tumors driven by loss of Drosha or Dicer1 mimic tumors driven by Rb1 loss, as they exhibit upregulation of S-phase genes and homeobox transcription factors that regulate pineal development. Blocking proliferation of these tumors facilitates expression of pinealocyte maturation markers, with a concomitant reduction in embryonic markers. Select embryonic markers remain elevated, however, as the microRNAs that normally repress these target genes remain absent. One such microRNA target gene is the oncofetal transcription factor Plagl2, which regulates expression of pro-growth genes, and inhibiting their signaling impairs tumor growth. Thus, we demonstrate that tumors driven by loss of microRNA processing may be therapeutically targeted by inhibiting downstream drivers of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudette R. Fraire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Kavita Desai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | - Veena Rajaram
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Teja Sebastian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Yemin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kenan Onel
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jeon Lee
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Kenneth S. Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
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Bonilla G, Morris A, Kundu S, Ducasse A, Jeffries NE, Chetal K, Yvanovich EE, Barghout R, Scadden D, Mansour MK, Kingston RE, Sykes DB, Mercier FE, Sadreyev RI. Leukemia aggressiveness is driven by chromatin remodeling and expression changes of core regulators. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582846. [PMID: 38496490 PMCID: PMC10942317 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms driving clonal aggressiveness in leukemia are not fully understood. We tracked and analyzed two mouse MLL-rearranged leukemic clones independently evolving towards higher aggressiveness. More aggressive subclones lost their growth differential ex vivo but restored it upon secondary transplantation, suggesting molecular memory of aggressiveness. Development of aggressiveness was associated with clone-specific gradual modulation of chromatin states and expression levels across the genome, with a surprising preferential trend of reversing the earlier changes between normal and leukemic progenitors. To focus on the core aggressiveness program, we identified genes with consistent changes of expression and chromatin marks that were maintained in vivo and ex vivo in both clones. Overexpressing selected core genes (Smad1 as aggressiveness driver, Irx5 and Plag1 as suppressors) affected leukemic progenitor growth in the predicted way and had convergent downstream effects on central transcription factors and repressive epigenetic modifiers, suggesting a broader regulatory network of leukemic aggressiveness.
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Dai TT, Li YZ, Hu HT, Zhao YM, Peng HY, Bai WD, Wang JW. Inhibiting the m 6A Reader IGF2BP3 Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth via Regulating PLAGL2 mRNA Stabilization. World J Oncol 2024; 15:100-113. [PMID: 38274714 PMCID: PMC10807918 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The oncogene IGF2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) could function as an m6A reader in stabilizing many tumor-associated genes' mRNAs. However, the relevant oncogenic mechanism by which IGF2BP3 promotes ovarian cancer growth is largely unknown. Methods The IGF2BP3 expression in ovarian cancer was identified by retrieving the datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). GEO datasets evaluated the relevant signaling pathways in IGF2BP3 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells. IGF2BP3 positive correlation gene in TCGA was calculated. MTS proliferation assay was identified in IGF2BP3 knockdown and rescued by PLAG1 like zinc finger 2 (PLAGL2) overexpression in ES-2 and SKOV3 cells. Bioinformatic analysis and RIP-qPCR were predicted and identified the IGF2BP3 binding site and PLAGL2 mRNA stability. The animal experiment identified IGF2BP3 proliferation inhibition. Results IGF2BP3 was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissue and cells. The depletion of IGF2BP3 in ovarian cancer cells leads to an enhancement of the pathway involved in cellular proliferation and mRNA stability. IGF2BP3 positive correlation suppressed pro-proliferation gene PLAGL2. IGF2BP3 knockdown suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation and was rescued by PLAGL2 overexpression. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that IGF2BP3 could bind to 3'-UTR of PLAGL2 to maintain the mRNA stability. Further, in in vivo experiments, IGF2BP3 knockdown suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation via inhibiting PLAGL2 expression. Conclusion All of these indicate that PLAGL2 mediates the main function of IGF2BP3 knockdown on ovarian cancer proliferation inhibition through mRNA stability regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
- These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Yi Ze Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
- These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Hui Ting Hu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
- These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Yong Mei Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Xinjiang Command General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Yan Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, 63650 Military Hospital, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Dong Bai
- Department of Hematology, Xinjiang Command General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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Fischer AD, Veronese Paniagua DA, Swaminathan S, Kashima H, Rubin DC, Madison BB. The oncogenic function of PLAGL2 is mediated via ASCL2 and IGF2 and a Wnt-independent mechanism in colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G196-G211. [PMID: 37310750 PMCID: PMC10396286 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis and progression are linked to common oncogenic mutations, especially in the tumor suppressor APC, whose loss triggers the deregulation of TCF4/β-Catenin activity. CRC tumorigenesis is also driven by multiple epimutational modifiers such as transcriptional regulators. We describe the common (and near-universal) activation of the zinc finger transcription factor and Let-7 target PLAGL2 in CRC and find that it is a key driver of intestinal epithelial transformation. PLAGL2 drives proliferation, cell cycle progression, and anchorage-independent growth in CRC cell lines and nontransformed intestinal cells. Investigating effects of PLAGL2 on downstream pathways revealed very modest effects on canonical Wnt signaling. Alternatively, we find pronounced effects on the direct PLAGL2 target genes IGF2, a fetal growth factor, and ASCL2, an intestinal stem cell-specific bHLH transcription factor. Inactivation of PLAGL2 in CRC cell lines has pronounced effects on ASCL2 reporter activity. Furthermore, ASCL2 expression can partially rescue deficits of proliferation and cell cycle progression caused by depletion of PLAGL2 in CRC cell lines. Thus, the oncogenic effects of PLAGL2 appear to be mediated via core stem cell and onco-fetal pathways, with minimal effects on downstream Wnt signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A Let-7 target called PLAGL2 drives oncogenic transformation via Wnt-independent pathways. This work illustrates the robust effects of this zinc finger transcription factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and nontransformed intestinal epithelium, with effects mediated, in part, via the direct target genes ASCL2 and IGF2. This has implications for the role of PLAGL2 in activation of onco-fetal and onco-stem cell pathways, contributing to immature and highly proliferative phenotypes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Fischer
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Daniel A Veronese Paniagua
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Shriya Swaminathan
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Hajime Kashima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Blair B Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
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Zhu G, Yang X, Zhou W, Lian X, Hao Y. PLAGL2 induces nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis via regulating RASSF5 expression and thus accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration. Exp Cell Res 2023:113699. [PMID: 37364764 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is the main pathological change in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) progression. Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) plays a key role in cell apoptosis, however, the effect of PLAGL2 on IVDD has not been clarified yet. In this study, we established mouse IVDD models via the annulus fibrosis needle puncture, TUNEL and safranin O staining were used to verify the successful establishment of IVDD models, and PLAGL2 expression was detected in disc tissues. Then, NP cells isolated from disc tissues were used to construct PLAGL2 knockdown cells. PLAGL2 expression in NP cells was analyzed with qRT-PCR and Western blot. The impact of PLAGL2 on the viability, apoptosis, and mitochondria function of NP cells was evaluated by MTT assay, TUNEL, JC1 staining, and flow cytometry assay. Additionally, the regulatory mechanism of PLAGL2 was further assessed. We found that PLAGL2 was upregulated in IVDD disc tissues and serum deprivation (SD)-stimulated NP cells. PLAGL2 knockdown inhibited apoptosis and mitochondria damage in NP cells. Moreover, knockdown of PLAGL2 downregulated the expression of downstream apoptosis-related factors RASSF5, Nip3, and p73. Mechanically, PLAGL2 transcriptionally activated RASSF5 via binding to its promoter. In general, our findings indicate that PLAGL2 induces apoptosis in NP cells and aggravates IVDD progression. This study provides a promising therapeutic target for IVDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuangDuo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - XiaoWei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - WeiWei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xu Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - YingJie Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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A Review of the Regulatory Mechanisms of N-Myc on Cell Cycle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031141. [PMID: 36770809 PMCID: PMC9920120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma has obvious heterogeneity. It is one of the few undifferentiated malignant tumors that can spontaneously degenerate into completely benign tumors. However, for its high-risk type, even with various intensive treatment options, the prognosis is still unsatisfactory. At the same time, a large number of research data show that the abnormal amplification and high-level expression of the MYCN gene are positively correlated with the malignant progression, poor prognosis, and mortality of neuroblastoma. In this context, this article explores the role of the N-Myc, MYCN gene expression product on its target genes related to the cell cycle and reveals its regulatory network in promoting tumor proliferation and malignant progression. We hope it can provide ideas and direction for the research and development of drugs targeting N-Myc and its downstream target genes.
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10
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Keck MK, Sill M, Wittmann A, Joshi P, Stichel D, Beck P, Okonechnikow K, Sievers P, Wefers AK, Roncaroli F, Avula S, McCabe MG, Hayden JT, Wesseling P, Øra I, Nistér M, Kranendonk MEG, Tops BBJ, Zapotocky M, Zamecnik J, Vasiljevic A, Fenouil T, Meyronet D, von Hoff K, Schüller U, Loiseau H, Figarella-Branger D, Kramm CM, Sturm D, Scheie D, Rauramaa T, Pesola J, Gojo J, Haberler C, Brandner S, Jacques T, Sexton Oates A, Saffery R, Koscielniak E, Baker SJ, Yip S, Snuderl M, Ud Din N, Samuel D, Schramm K, Blattner-Johnson M, Selt F, Ecker J, Milde T, von Deimling A, Korshunov A, Perry A, Pfister SM, Sahm F, Solomon DA, Jones DTW. Amplification of the PLAG-family genes-PLAGL1 and PLAGL2-is a key feature of the novel tumor type CNS embryonal tumor with PLAGL amplification. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:49-69. [PMID: 36437415 PMCID: PMC9807491 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most common cause of cancer-related death in children aged 0-14 years. They differ from their adult counterparts, showing extensive clinical and molecular heterogeneity as well as a challenging histopathological spectrum that often impairs accurate diagnosis. Here, we use DNA methylation-based CNS tumor classification in combination with copy number, RNA-seq, and ChIP-seq analysis to characterize a newly identified CNS tumor type. In addition, we report histology, patient characteristics, and survival data in this tumor type. We describe a biologically distinct pediatric CNS tumor type (n = 31 cases) that is characterized by focal high-level amplification and resultant overexpression of either PLAGL1 or PLAGL2, and an absence of recurrent genetic alterations characteristic of other pediatric CNS tumor types. Both genes act as transcription factors for a regulatory subset of imprinted genes (IGs), components of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, and the potential drug targets RET and CYP2W1, which are also specifically overexpressed in this tumor type. A derived PLAGL-specific gene expression signature indicates dysregulation of imprinting control and differentiation/development. These tumors occurred throughout the neuroaxis including the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brainstem, and were predominantly composed of primitive embryonal-like cells lacking robust expression of markers of glial or neuronal differentiation (e.g., GFAP, OLIG2, and synaptophysin). Tumors with PLAGL1 amplification were typically diagnosed during adolescence (median age 10.5 years), whereas those with PLAGL2 amplification were diagnosed during early childhood (median age 2 years). The 10-year overall survival was 66% for PLAGL1-amplified tumors, 25% for PLAGL2-amplified tumors, 18% for male patients, and 82% for female patients. In summary, we describe a new type of biologically distinct CNS tumor characterized by PLAGL1/2 amplification that occurs predominantly in infants and toddlers (PLAGL2) or adolescents (PLAGL1) which we consider best classified as a CNS embryonal tumor and which is associated with intermediate survival. The cell of origin and optimal treatment strategies remain to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela-Kristina Keck
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wittmann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pengbo Beck
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikow
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika K Wefers
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shivaram Avula
- Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin G McCabe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - James T Hayden
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc and Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Bastiaan B J Tops
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Zapotocky
- Prague Brain Tumor Research Group, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandre Vasiljevic
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite-Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite-Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite-Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Katja von Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hugues Loiseau
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-INSERM U1312 Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, Case 76, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CHU Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Christof M Kramm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Scheie
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital and Unit of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Pesola
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ward, Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Haberler
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Tom Jacques
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Sexton Oates
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ewa Koscielniak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology/Immunology, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nasir Ud Din
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - David Samuel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, CA, USA
| | - Kathrin Schramm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Blattner-Johnson
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Selt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit (ZIPO), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ecker
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit (ZIPO), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- KiTZ Clinical Trial Unit (ZIPO), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arie Perry
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 513 Parnassus Ave, Health Sciences West 451, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A Solomon
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 513 Parnassus Ave, Health Sciences West 451, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research (B360), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Keyvani Chahi A, Belew MS, Xu J, Chen HTT, Rentas S, Voisin V, Krivdova G, Lechman E, Marhon SA, De Carvalho DD, Dick JE, Bader GD, Hope KJ. PLAG1 dampens protein synthesis to promote human hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. Blood 2022; 140:992-1008. [PMID: 35639948 PMCID: PMC9437713 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dormancy is understood as supportive of HSC function and its long-term integrity. Although regulation of stress responses incurred as a result of HSC activation is recognized as important in maintaining stem cell function, little is understood of the preventive machinery present in human HSCs that may serve to resist their activation and promote HSC self-renewal. We demonstrate that the transcription factor PLAG1 is essential for long-term HSC function and, when overexpressed, endows a 15.6-fold enhancement in the frequency of functional HSCs in stimulatory conditions. Genome-wide measures of chromatin occupancy and PLAG1-directed gene expression changes combined with functional measures reveal that PLAG1 dampens protein synthesis, restrains cell growth and division, and enhances survival, with the primitive cell advantages it imparts being attenuated by addition of the potent translation activator, c-MYC. We find PLAG1 capitalizes on multiple regulatory factors to ensure protective diminished protein synthesis including 4EBP1 and translation-targeting miR-127 and does so independently of stress response signaling. Overall, our study identifies PLAG1 as an enforcer of human HSC dormancy and self-renewal through its highly context-specific regulation of protein biosynthesis and classifies PLAG1 among a rare set of bona fide regulators of messenger RNA translation in these cells. Our findings showcase the importance of regulated translation control underlying human HSC physiology, its dysregulation under activating demands, and the potential if its targeting for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Keyvani Chahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Muluken S Belew
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - He Tian Tony Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Rentas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gabriela Krivdova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Lechman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Sajid A Marhon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics and
| | - John E Dick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin J Hope
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics and
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12
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Daks A, Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Nevzorov I, Shuvalov O, Barlev NA. The Role of E3 Ligase Pirh2 in Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1515. [PMID: 35563824 PMCID: PMC9101203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-dependent ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 regulates a number of proteins involved in different cancer-associated processes. Targeting the p53 family proteins, Chk2, p27Kip1, Twist1 and others, Pirh2 participates in such cellular processes as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cellular migration. Thus, it is not surprising that Pirh2 takes part in the initiation and progression of different diseases and pathologies including but not limited to cancer. In this review, we aimed to summarize the available data on Pirh2 regulation, its protein targets and its role in various diseases and pathological processes, thus making the Pirh2 protein a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
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13
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Wang G, Du W, Che L, Gao X, Zhao R, Duan J, Gu Z, Ma Q. High Expression of PLAGL2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma. Front Genet 2022; 12:787746. [PMID: 35222518 PMCID: PMC8863765 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.787746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) has been implicated in the development and progression of diverse malignancies, including glioblastoma. An increasing number of studies have reported that dysregulated expression of PLAGL2 is a common phenomenon in different malignancies. However, the mechanism and biological functions of PLAGL2 in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) remain unclear. In addition, the expression and clinical significance of PLAGL2 in HGG have not yet been reported. Herein, we investigated the expression patterns and prognostic values of PLAGL2 in patients with HGG by using various databases, including Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0), GENT2, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas, and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between PLAGL2 mRNA expression and clinical parameters in 184 HGG cases and found that PLAGL2 presented positively high expression and was relevant to poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the overexpression of PLAGL2 protein, which is mainly expressed in the nucleus of glioma. Additionally, a high level of expression of the PLAGL2 gene was associated with lower survival in progression-free survival and overall survival in GBM patients. The correlation analysis between PLAGL2 and immune infiltration related to the abundance of B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, DCs, and neutrophils was also performed using TIMER2.0. GSEA results showed that high PLAGL2 expression was associated with cell migration, proliferation, actin cytoskeletal, and angiogenesis. To sum up, our findings indicated that PLAGL2 could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker and might be a potential therapeutic target for HGG, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingyi Che
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianzheng Gao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Duan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Ma, ; Zhuoyu Gu,
| | - Qian Ma
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Ma, ; Zhuoyu Gu,
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14
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Zhao T, Chiang ZD, Morriss JW, LaFave LM, Murray EM, Del Priore I, Meli K, Lareau CA, Nadaf NM, Li J, Earl AS, Macosko EZ, Jacks T, Buenrostro JD, Chen F. Spatial genomics enables multi-modal study of clonal heterogeneity in tissues. Nature 2022; 601:85-91. [PMID: 34912115 PMCID: PMC9301586 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The state and behaviour of a cell can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In particular, tumour progression is determined by underlying genetic aberrations1-4 as well as the makeup of the tumour microenvironment5,6. Quantifying the contributions of these factors requires new technologies that can accurately measure the spatial location of genomic sequence together with phenotypic readouts. Here we developed slide-DNA-seq, a method for capturing spatially resolved DNA sequences from intact tissue sections. We demonstrate that this method accurately preserves local tumour architecture and enables the de novo discovery of distinct tumour clones and their copy number alterations. We then apply slide-DNA-seq to a mouse model of metastasis and a primary human cancer, revealing that clonal populations are confined to distinct spatial regions. Moreover, through integration with spatial transcriptomics, we uncover distinct sets of genes that are associated with clone-specific genetic aberrations, the local tumour microenvironment, or both. Together, this multi-modal spatial genomics approach provides a versatile platform for quantifying how cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors contribute to gene expression, protein abundance and other cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Zachary D. Chiang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julia W. Morriss
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lindsay M. LaFave
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,David H. Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan M. Murray
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Isabella Del Priore
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,David H. Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin Meli
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,David H. Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caleb A. Lareau
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Naeem M. Nadaf
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jilong Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew S. Earl
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan Z. Macosko
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,David H. Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason D. Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to or
| | - Fei Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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15
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Depreter B, De Moerloose B, Vandepoele K, Uyttebroeck A, Van Damme A, Terras E, Denys B, Dedeken L, Dresse MF, Van der Werff Ten Bosch J, Hofmans M, Philippé J, Lammens T. Deciphering molecular heterogeneity in pediatric AML using a cancer vs. normal transcriptomic approach. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1695-1705. [PMID: 33069162 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Still 30-40% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pedAML) patients relapse. Delineation of the transcriptomic profile of leukemic subpopulations could aid in a better understanding of molecular biology and provide novel biomarkers. METHODS Using microarray profiling and quantitative PCR validation, transcript expression was measured in leukemic stem cells (LSC, n = 24) and leukemic blasts (L-blast, n = 25) from pedAML patients in comparison to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs, n = 19) and control myeloblasts (C-blast, n = 20) sorted from healthy subjects. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to identify relevant gene set enrichment signatures, and functional protein associations were identified by STRING analysis. RESULTS Highly significantly overexpressed genes in LSC and L-blast were identified with a vast majority not studied in AML. CDKN1A, CFP, and CFD (LSC) and HOMER3, CTSA, and GADD45B (L-blast) represent potentially interesting biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Eleven LSC downregulated targets were identified that potentially qualify as tumor suppressor genes, with MYCT1, PBX1, and PTPRD of highest interest. Inflammatory and immune dysregulation appeared to be perturbed biological networks in LSC, whereas dysregulated metabolic profiles were observed in L-blast. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates the power of taking into account cell population heterogeneity and reveals novel targets eligible for functional evaluation and therapy in pedAML. IMPACT Novel transcriptional targets were discovered showing a significant differential expression in LSCs and blasts from pedAML patients compared to their normal counterparts from healthy controls. Deregulated pathways, including immune and metabolic dysregulation, were addressed for the first time in children, offering a deeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis. These novel targets have the potential of acting as biomarkers for risk stratification, follow-up, and targeted therapy. Multiple LSC-downregulated targets endow tumor suppressor roles in other cancer entities, and further investigation whether hypomethylating therapy could result into LSC eradication in pedAML is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Depreter
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Vandepoele
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Van Damme
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Terras
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Denys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence Dedeken
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Mattias Hofmans
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Rajagopal P, Jayandharan GR, Krishnan UM. Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of pH-Sensitive Polyketal Nanoparticles for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2015-2031. [PMID: 33780253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyketals are a class of acid-responsive polymers that have been relatively less explored for drug delivery applications compared to polyesters. The degradation of these polymers is accelerated in an acidic medium and does not result in acidic byproducts. Their biocompatibility depends on the diol used for the synthesis. The present work aims to synthesize, characterize, and fabricate nanospheres of an aliphatic polyketal for delivery of the nucleotide analogue cytarabine toward the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The internalization mechanism of the nanospheres was probed, and its implication on the nuclear localization and escape from the endo-lysosomal compartments were studied. The drug-loaded polyketal nanoparticles reduced the cell viability to a greater extent compared with the free drug. The effect of the drug-loaded polyketal nanoparticles on the differential gene expression of leukemic cells was investigated for the first time to understand their therapeutic implications. It was found that treatment with drug-loaded polyketal nanoparticles downregulated AML-specific genes involved in cell proliferation and recurrence compared to the free drug. The protein expression studies were performed for selected genes obtained from gene expression analysis. Biodistribution studies showed that the poly(cyclohexane-1,4-diyl acetone dimethylene ketal) (PCADK) nanoparticles exhibit prolonged circulation time. Overall, our results suggest that polyketal-based delivery of cytarabine represents a more effective alternative strategy for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratheppa Rajagopal
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Giridhara R Jayandharan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.,The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering In Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India.,School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
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17
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Network mapping of primary CD34+ cells by Ampliseq based whole transcriptome targeted resequencing identifies unexplored differentiation regulatory relationships. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246107. [PMID: 33544756 PMCID: PMC7864404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exception of a few master transcription factors, regulators of neutrophil maturation are poorly annotated in the intermediate phenotypes between the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP) and the mature neutrophil phenotype. Additional challenges in identifying gene expression regulators in differentiation pathways relate to challenges wherein starting cell populations are heterogeneous in lineage potential and development, are spread across various states of quiescence, as well as sample quality and input limitations. These factors contribute to data variability make it difficult to draw simple regulatory inferences. In response we have applied a multi-omics approach using primary blood progenitor cells primed for homogeneous proliferation and granulocyte differentiation states which combines whole transcriptome resequencing (Ampliseq RNA) supported by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) validation and mass spectrometry-based proteomics in a hypothesis-generation study of neutrophil differentiation pathways. Primary CD34+ cells isolated from human cord blood were first precultured in non-lineage driving medium to achieve an active, proliferating phenotype from which a neutrophil primed progenitor was isolated and cultured in neutrophil lineage supportive medium. Samples were then taken at 24-hour intervals over 9 days and analysed by Ampliseq RNA and mass spectrometry. The Ampliseq dataset depth, breadth and quality allowed for several unexplored transcriptional regulators and ncRNAs to be identified using a combinatorial approach of hierarchical clustering, enriched transcription factor binding motifs, and network mapping. Network mapping in particular increased comprehension of neutrophil differentiation regulatory relationships by implicating ARNT, NHLH1, PLAG1, and 6 non-coding RNAs associated with PU.1 regulation as cell-engineering targets with the potential to increase total neutrophil culture output. Overall, this study develops and demonstrates an effective new hypothesis generation methodology for transcriptome profiling during differentiation, thereby enabling identification of novel gene targets for editing interventions.
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18
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Hu W, Zheng S, Guo H, Dai B, Ni J, Shi Y, Bian H, Li L, Shen Y, Wu M, Tian Z, Liu G, Hossain MA, Yang H, Wang D, Zhang Q, Yu J, Birnbaumer L, Feng J, Yu D, Yang Y. PLAGL2-EGFR-HIF-1/2α Signaling Loop Promotes HCC Progression and Erlotinib Insensitivity. Hepatology 2021; 73:674-691. [PMID: 32335942 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, hence a major public health threat. Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) has been reported to play a role in tumorigenesis. However, its precise function in HCC remains poorly understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that PLAGL2 was up-regulated in HCC compared with that of adjacent nontumorous tissues and also correlated with overall survival times. We further showed that PLAGL2 promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. PLAGL2 expression was positively correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Mechanistically, this study demonstrated that PLAGL2 functions as a transcriptional regulator of EGFR and promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the EGFR-AKT pathway. Moreover, hypoxia was found to significantly induce high expression of PLAGL2, which promoted hypoxia inducible factor 1/2 alpha subunit (HIF1/2A) expression through EGFR. Therefore, this study demonstrated that a PLAGL2-EGFR-HIF1/2A signaling loop promotes HCC progression. More importantly, PLAGL2 expression reduced hepatoma cells' response to the anti-EGFR drug erlotinib. PLAGL2 knockdown enhanced the response to erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the pivotal role of PLAGL2 in HCC cell proliferation, metastasis, and erlotinib insensitivity. This suggests that PLAGL2 can be a potential therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Hu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shufang Zheng
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haixin Guo
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Beiying Dai
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiaping Ni
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yaohong Shi
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hanrui Bian
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lanxin Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yumeng Shen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mo Wu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhoutong Tian
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Guilai Liu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Md Amir Hossain
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Duowei Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of ChemotherapyJiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of ChemotherapyJiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchCatholic University of ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of ChemotherapyJiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Decai Yu
- Department of general SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchState Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
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19
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Panagopoulos I, Gorunova L, Andersen K, Lund-Iversen M, Lobmaier I, Micci F, Heim S. NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 Fusion Genes in Chondroid Syringoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:237-248. [PMID: 32345665 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign tumor emanating from sweat glands. Although rearrangements of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) have been reported in such tumors, information on PLAG1 fusion genes is very limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing analyses were performed on two chondroid syringoma cases. RESULTS Both tumors had structural rearrangements of chromosome 8. An NDRG1-PLAG1 transcript was found in the first tumor in which exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of NDRG1. A TRPS1-PLAG1 chimeric transcript was detected in the second chondroid syringoma in which exon 2 or exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of TRPS1. CONCLUSION The NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 resemble other PLAG1 fusion genes inasmuch as the expression of PLAG1 comes under the control of the NDRG1 or TRPS1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Lund-Iversen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Hsu J, Huang HT, Lee CT, Choudhuri A, Wilson NK, Abraham BJ, Moignard V, Kucinski I, Yu S, Hyde RK, Tober J, Cai X, Li Y, Guo Y, Yang S, Superdock M, Trompouki E, Calero-Nieto FJ, Ghamari A, Jiang J, Gao P, Gao L, Nguyen V, Robertson AL, Durand EM, Kathrein KL, Aifantis I, Gerber SA, Tong W, Tan K, Cantor AB, Zhou Y, Liu PP, Young RA, Göttgens B, Speck NA, Zon LI. CHD7 and Runx1 interaction provides a braking mechanism for hematopoietic differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23626-23635. [PMID: 32883883 PMCID: PMC7519295 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003228117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation and lineage differentiation involve gene expression programs orchestrated by transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. Genetic disruption of the chromatin remodeler chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) expanded phenotypic HSPCs, erythroid, and myeloid lineages in zebrafish and mouse embryos. CHD7 acts to suppress hematopoietic differentiation. Binding motifs for RUNX and other hematopoietic transcription factors are enriched at sites occupied by CHD7, and decreased RUNX1 occupancy correlated with loss of CHD7 localization. CHD7 physically interacts with RUNX1 and suppresses RUNX1-induced expansion of HSPCs during development through modulation of RUNX1 activity. Consequently, the RUNX1:CHD7 axis provides proper timing and function of HSPCs as they emerge during hematopoietic development or mature in adults, representing a distinct and evolutionarily conserved control mechanism to ensure accurate hematopoietic lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Hsu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hsuan-Ting Huang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chung-Tsai Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Avik Choudhuri
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Victoria Moignard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Shuqian Yu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - R Katherine Hyde
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joanna Tober
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xiongwei Cai
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yan Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yalin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael Superdock
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eirini Trompouki
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Fernando J Calero-Nieto
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Alireza Ghamari
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Peng Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Long Gao
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anne L Robertson
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ellen M Durand
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Katie L Kathrein
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alan B Cantor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - P Paul Liu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 OXY
| | - Nancy A Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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21
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Zhao Z, Shelton SD, Oviedo A, Baker AL, Bryant CP, Omidvarnia S, Du L. The PLAGL2/MYCN/miR-506-3p interplay regulates neuroblastoma cell fate and associates with neuroblastoma progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:41. [PMID: 32087738 PMCID: PMC7036248 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-1531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The oncogene MYCN is critical for tumorigenesis of several types of cancers including neuroblastoma. We previously reported that miR-506-3p repressed MYCN expression in neuroblastoma cells. However, the mechanism underlying such regulation was undetermined since there is no miR-506-3p target site in MYCN 3’UTR. Methods By a systematic investigation combining microarray, informatics and luciferase reporter assay, we identified that the transcriptional factor pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 2 (PLAGL2) is a direct target of miR-506-3p that mediates its regulation on MYCN expression. Using CHIP-PCR and luciferase reporter assay, we validated the transcriptional regulation of MYCN by PLAGL2 and we further demonstrated the transcriptional regulation of PLAGL2 by MYCN. We examined the function of PLAGL2 in regulating neuroblastoma cell fate by cell viability assay, colony formation and Western blotting of differentiation markers. We examined the effect of retinoic acid, the differentiation agent used in neuroblastoma therapy, on miR-506-3p, PLAGL2 and MYCN expressions by quantitative PCR and Western blots. We investigated the clinical relevance of PLAGL2 expression by examining the correlation of tumor PLAGL2 mRNA levels with MYCN mRNA expression and patient survival using public neuroblastoma patient datasets. Results We found that miR-506-3p directly down-regulated PLAGL2 expression, and we validated a PLAGL2 binding site in the MYCN promoter region responsible for promoting MYCN transcription, thereby establishing a mechanism through which miR-506-3p regulates MYCN expression. Conversely, we discovered that MYCN regulated PLAGL2 transcription through five N-Myc-binding E-boxes in the PLAGL2 promoter region. We further confirmed the reciprocal regulation between endogenous PLAGL2 and MYCN in multiple neuroblastoma cell lines. Moreover, we found that PLAGL2 knockdown induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation and reduced cell proliferation, and combined knockdown of PLAGL2 and MYCN showed a synergistic effect. More strikingly, we found that high tumor PLAGL2 mRNA levels were significantly correlated with high MYCN mRNA levels and poor patient survival in neuroblastoma patients. Furthermore, we found that retinoic acid increased expression of miR-506-3p and repressed expression of MYCN and PLAGL2. Conclusions Our findings altogether suggest that the interplay network formed by PLAGL2, MYCN and miR-506-3p is an important mechanism in regulating neuroblastoma cell fate, determining neuroblastoma prognosis, and mediating the therapeutic function of retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenze Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Spencer D Shelton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Alejandro Oviedo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Amy L Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Collin P Bryant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Soroush Omidvarnia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Liqin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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22
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PLAGL2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mediates colorectal cancer metastasis via β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:578-589. [PMID: 31827238 PMCID: PMC7028997 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that the pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) is involved in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease. Enhanced PLAGL2 expression was observed in several malignant tumours. However, the exact function of PLAGL2 and its underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of PLAGL2 was performed. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the role of PLAGL2 in the progression of CRC. Results Enhanced PLAGL2 expression was significantly associated with EMT-related proteins in CRC. The data revealed that PLAGL2 promotes CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PLAGL2 promoted the expression of ZEB1. PLAGL2 enhanced the expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin by decreasing its phosphorylation. The depletion of β-catenin neutralised the regulation of ZEB1 that was caused by enhanced PLAGL2 expression. The small-molecule inhibitor PNU-74654, also impaired the enhancement of ZEB1 that resulted from the modified PLAGL2 expression. The depletion of ZEB1 could block the biological function of PLAGL2 in CRC cells. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that PLAGL2 mediates EMT to promote colorectal cancer metastasis via β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1.
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23
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Zheng Y, Xu L, Hassan M, Zhou X, Zhou Q, Rakheja D, Skapek SX. Bayesian Modeling Identifies PLAG1 as a Key Regulator of Proliferation and Survival in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 18:364-374. [PMID: 31757836 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently developed a novel computational algorithm that incorporates Bayesian methodology to identify rhabdomyosarcoma disease genes whose expression level correlates with copy-number variations, and we identified PLAG1 as a candidate oncogenic driver. Although PLAG1 has been shown to contribute to other type of cancers, its role in rhabdomyosarcoma has not been elucidated. We observed that PLAG1 mRNA is highly expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma and is associated with PLAG1 gene copy-number gain. Knockdown of PLAG1 dramatically decreased cell accumulation and induced apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells, whereas its ectopic expression increased cell accumulation in vitro and as a xenograft and promoted G1 to S-phase cell-cycle progression. We found that PLAG1 regulates IGF2 expression and influences AKT and MAPK pathways in rhabdomyosarcoma, and IGF2 partially rescues cell death triggered by PLAG1 knockdown. The expression level of PLAG1 correlated with the IC50 of rhabdomyosarcoma cells to BMS754807, an IGF receptor inhibitor. IMPLICATIONS: Our data demonstrate that PLAG1 contributes to proliferation and survival of rhabdomyosarcoma cells at least partially by inducing IGF2, and this new understanding may have the potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mohammed Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Qinbo Zhou
- Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stephen X Skapek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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24
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Wang G, Guzman MA, Batanian JR. Three Novel Aberrations Involving PLAG1 Leading to Lipoblastoma in Three Different Patients: High Amplification, Partial Deletion, and a Unique Complex Rearrangement. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 159:81-87. [PMID: 31614359 DOI: 10.1159/000503158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoblastoma is a rare benign neoplasm with overlapping histology with other lipomatous tumors. Genetic aberrations including translocations of 8q and splitting of the PLAG1 probe leading to "promoter swapping" and gains of chromosome 8 or PLAG1 foci have been described in lipoblastoma. Here, we report 3 lipoblastomas revealing novel genetic aberrations involving PLAG1: a high level of PLAG1 amplification up to 50 copies in a 4-year-old girl with recurrence of a right flank mass, a partial deletion of PLAG1 with the flanking junction breakpoints involving the 3'PLAG1 and 5'HAS2 genes in a 17-month-old boy with a retroperitoneal mass, and an insertion of 2q31 into 8q11.2 and translocation of 8q to 2q with the latter translocated onto 12q leading to separation of the PLAG1 FISH probe in a 5-year-old girl with a left back mass. Our novel cytogenetic findings further expand the mechanisms of PLAG1 transcriptional upregulation in lipoblastoma pathogenesis.
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25
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Lin X, Kapoor A, Gu Y, Chow MJ, Xu H, Major P, Tang D. Assessment of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1194-1212. [PMID: 31638194 PMCID: PMC6831208 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) is critical in the management of males with prostate cancer (PC). Over the past decades, a comprehensive effort has been focusing on improving risk stratification; a variety of models have been constructed using PC-associated pathological features and molecular alterations occurring at the genome, protein and RNA level. Alterations in RNA expression (lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA) constitute the largest proportion of the biomarkers of BCR. In this article, we systemically review RNA-based BCR biomarkers reported in PubMed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Individual miRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNAs and multi-gene panels, including the commercially available signatures, Oncotype DX and Prolaris, will be discussed; details related to cohort size, hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals will be provided. Mechanistically, these individual biomarkers affect multiple pathways critical to tumorigenesis and progression, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), Wnt, growth factor receptor, cell proliferation, immune checkpoints and others. This variety in the mechanisms involved not only validates their associations with BCR, but also highlights the need for the coverage of multiple pathways in order to effectively stratify the risk of BCR. Updates of novel biomarkers and their mechanistic insights are considered, which suggests new avenues to pursue in the prediction of BCR. Additionally, the management of patients with BCR and the potential utility of the stratification of the risk of BCR in salvage treatment decision making for these patients are briefly covered. Limitations will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mathilda Jing Chow
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pierre Major
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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26
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MicroRNA-654-5p suppresses ovarian cancer development impacting on MYC, WNT and AKT pathways. Oncogene 2019; 38:6035-6050. [PMID: 31278368 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to the silent nature on its early onset and the rapid acquisition of drug resistance. Histologically heterogeneous, it includes several subtypes with different mutational landscapes, hampering the development of effective targeted therapies. Non-coding RNAs are emerging as potential new therapeutic targets in cancer. To search for a microRNA signature related to ovarian carcinomas and study its potential as effective targeted therapy, we examined the expression of 768 miRNA in a large collection of tumor samples and found miR-654-5p to be infraexpressed in ovarian serous carcinomas, the most common and aggressive type. Restoration of miR-654-5p levels reduced tumor cell viability in vitro and in vivo and impaired sphere formation capacity and viability of ovarian cancer patient-derived ascitic cells ex vivo. CDCP1 and PLAGL2 oncogenes were found to be the most relevant direct miR-654-5p targets and both genes convey in a molecular signature associated with key cancer pathways relevant to ovarian tumorigenesis, such as MYC, WNT and AKT pathways. Together, we unveiled the tumor suppressor function of miR-654-5p, suggesting that its restoration or co-targeting of CDCP1 and PLAGL2 may be an effective therapeutic approach for ovarian cancer.
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27
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Espinoza DA, Fan X, Yang D, Cordes SF, Truitt LL, Calvo KR, Yabe IM, Demirci S, Hope KJ, Hong SG, Krouse A, Metzger M, Bonifacino A, Lu R, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, Wu X, DeRavin SS, Malech HL, Donahue RE, Wu C, Dunbar CE. Aberrant Clonal Hematopoiesis following Lentiviral Vector Transduction of HSPCs in a Rhesus Macaque. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1074-1086. [PMID: 31023523 PMCID: PMC6554657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are used for delivery of genes into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in clinical trials worldwide. LVs, in contrast to retroviral vectors, are not associated with insertion site-associated malignant clonal expansions and, thus, are considered safer. Here, however, we present a case of markedly abnormal dysplastic clonal hematopoiesis affecting the erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic lineages in a rhesus macaque transplanted with HSPCs that were transduced with a LV containing a strong retroviral murine stem cell virus (MSCV) constitutive promoter-enhancer in the LTR. Nine insertions were mapped in the abnormal clone, resulting in overexpression and aberrant splicing of several genes of interest, including the cytokine stem cell factor and the transcription factor PLAG1. This case represents the first clear link between lentiviral insertion-induced clonal expansion and a clinically abnormal transformed phenotype following transduction of normal primate or human HSPCs, which is concerning, and suggests that strong constitutive promoters should not be included in LVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Espinoza
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Yang
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Stefan F Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren L Truitt
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Idalia M Yabe
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Selami Demirci
- Sickle Cell and Vascular Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin J Hope
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allen Krouse
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Metzger
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aylin Bonifacino
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Sickle Cell and Vascular Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Sickle Cell and Vascular Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Suk See DeRavin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert E Donahue
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
In this issue of JEM, Basheer et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20181276) describe opposing roles of the epigenetic regulator Ezh2 during initiation and maintenance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ezh2 was found to have tumor suppressive and oncogenic functions in different phases of the same malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Basheer F, Giotopoulos G, Meduri E, Yun H, Mazan M, Sasca D, Gallipoli P, Marando L, Gozdecka M, Asby R, Sheppard O, Dudek M, Bullinger L, Döhner H, Dillon R, Freeman S, Ottmann O, Burnett A, Russell N, Papaemmanuil E, Hills R, Campbell P, Vassiliou GS, Huntly BJP. Contrasting requirements during disease evolution identify EZH2 as a therapeutic target in AML. J Exp Med 2019; 216:966-981. [PMID: 30890554 PMCID: PMC6446874 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators, such as EZH2, are frequently mutated in cancer, and loss-of-function EZH2 mutations are common in myeloid malignancies. We have examined the importance of cellular context for Ezh2 loss during the evolution of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where we observed stage-specific and diametrically opposite functions for Ezh2 at the early and late stages of disease. During disease maintenance, WT Ezh2 exerts an oncogenic function that may be therapeutically targeted. In contrast, Ezh2 acts as a tumor suppressor during AML induction. Transcriptional analysis explains this apparent paradox, demonstrating that loss of Ezh2 derepresses different expression programs during disease induction and maintenance. During disease induction, Ezh2 loss derepresses a subset of bivalent promoters that resolve toward gene activation, inducing a feto-oncogenic program that includes genes such as Plag1, whose overexpression phenocopies Ezh2 loss to accelerate AML induction in mouse models. Our data highlight the importance of cellular context and disease phase for the function of Ezh2 and its potential therapeutic implications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cohort Studies
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- Gene Frequency
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Basheer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - George Giotopoulos
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eshwar Meduri
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Haiyang Yun
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Milena Mazan
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel Sasca
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovica Marando
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malgorzata Gozdecka
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ryan Asby
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivia Sheppard
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Dillon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Kings College School of Medicine, UK
| | - Sylvie Freeman
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Oliver Ottmann
- Department of Haematology, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Nigel Russell
- Department of Haematology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Cancer Biology, the Center for Molecular Oncology and the Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert Hills
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Li N, Li D, Du Y, Su C, Yang C, Lin C, Li X, Hu G. Overexpressed PLAGL2 transcriptionally activates Wnt6 and promotes cancer development in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:875-884. [PMID: 30535429 PMCID: PMC6313070 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers hold the view that PLAGL2 is overexpressed in many malignancies and that it can promote tumor proliferation, migration, invasion and self-renewal; however, there is no evidence revealing a relationship between PLAGL2 and colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, genes that are overexpressed in CRC were screened using the COSMIC database and GEPIA database and the expression of PLAGL2 in carcinoma tissues and pericarcinomatous tissues was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, a cell cycle analysis experiment and a xenograft model were used to explore the influence of PLAGL2 on CRC after knocking down PLAGL2 expression in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Using ChIP assays and Dual-Luciferase Reporter assays, the promoter regions to which PLAGL2 binds were discovered. It was observed that PLAGL2 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer and that it influenced the colorectal cancer cell cycle and promoted colorectal cancer proliferation in vivo and in vitro. The expression of some genes in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, were downregulated after knocking down the expression of PLAGL2; Wnt6 was altered the most. PLAGL2 could bind to the promoter region of Wnt6 and promote its expression. These results indicated that PLAGL2 was overexpressed in CRC as a proto-oncogene and that it could active the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a transcription factor by binding with the promoter region of Wnt6. PALGL2 was revealed to play an important role in colorectal cancer and may be a new therapeutic target for targeted medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanpeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chunxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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31
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Adnani L, Dixit R, Chen X, Balakrishnan A, Modi H, Touahri Y, Logan C, Schuurmans C. Plag1 and Plagl2 have overlapping and distinct functions in telencephalic development. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.038661. [PMID: 30361413 PMCID: PMC6262857 DOI: 10.1242/bio.038661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plag gene family has three members; Plagl1/Zac1, which is a tumor suppressor gene, and Plag1 and Plagl2, which are proto-oncogenes. All three genes are known to be expressed in embryonic neural progenitors, and Zac1 regulates proliferation, neuronal differentiation and migration in the developing neocortex. Here we examined the functions of Plag1 and Plagl2 in neocortical development. We first attempted, and were unable to generate, E12.5 Plag1;Plagl2 double mutants, indicating that at least one Plag1 or Plagl2 gene copy is required for embryonic survival. We therefore focused on single mutants, revealing a telencephalic patterning defect in E12.5 Plagl2 mutants and a proliferation/differentiation defect in Plag1 mutant neocortices. Specifically, the ventral pallium, a dorsal telencephalic territory, expands into the ventral telencephalon in Plagl2 mutants. In contrast, Plag1 mutants develop normal regional territories, but neocortical progenitors proliferate less and instead produce more neurons. Finally, in gain-of-function studies, both Plag1 and Plagl2 reduce neurogenesis and increase BrdU-uptake, indicative of enhanced proliferation, but while Plagl2 effects on proliferation are more immediate, Plag1 effects are delayed. Taken together, we found that the Plag proto-oncogenes genes are essential regulators of neocortical development and although Plag1 and Plagl2 functions are similar, they do not entirely overlap. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Adnani
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rajiv Dixit
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anjali Balakrishnan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Harshil Modi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Yacine Touahri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Cairine Logan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Room S1-16A, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5 .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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32
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Vuckovic S, Minnie SA, Smith D, Gartlan KH, Watkins TS, Markey KA, Mukhopadhyay P, Guillerey C, Kuns RD, Locke KR, Pritchard AL, Johansson PA, Varelias A, Zhang P, Huntington ND, Waddell N, Chesi M, Miles JJ, Smyth MJ, Hill GR. Bone marrow transplantation generates T cell-dependent control of myeloma in mice. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:106-121. [PMID: 30300141 DOI: 10.1172/jci98888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation with autologous hematopoietic progenitors remains an important consolidation treatment for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and is thought to prolong the disease plateau phase by providing intensive cytoreduction. However, transplantation induces inflammation in the context of profound lymphodepletion that may cause hitherto unexpected immunological effects. We developed preclinical models of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for MM using Vk*MYC myeloma-bearing recipient mice and donor mice that were myeloma naive or myeloma experienced to simulate autologous transplantation. Surprisingly, we demonstrated broad induction of T cell-dependent myeloma control, most efficiently from memory T cells within myeloma-experienced grafts, but also through priming of naive T cells after BMT. CD8+ T cells from mice with controlled myeloma had a distinct T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and higher clonotype overlap relative to myeloma-free BMT recipients. Furthermore, T cell-dependent myeloma control could be adoptively transferred to secondary recipients and was myeloma cell clone specific. Interestingly, donor-derived IL-17A acted directly on myeloma cells expressing the IL-17 receptor to induce a transcriptional landscape that promoted tumor growth and immune escape. Conversely, donor IFN-γ secretion and signaling were critical to protective immunity and were profoundly augmented by CD137 agonists. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of transplantation in myeloma and provide rational approaches to improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Vuckovic
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,Multiple Myeloma Research Group, Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Simone A Minnie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - David Smith
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate H Gartlan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Kate A Markey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,Division of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Camille Guillerey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Rachel D Kuns
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kelly R Locke
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Genetics and Immunology, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antiopi Varelias
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology and.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marta Chesi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - John J Miles
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Haematology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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33
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DNA-methylation-mediated silencing of miR-486-5p promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration through activation of PLAGL2/IGF2/β-catenin signal pathways. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1037. [PMID: 30305607 PMCID: PMC6180105 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most common cancers worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) causes a large number of mortality annually. Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is significantly associated with the initiation and development of CRC. Further investigations regarding the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs is warranted. In this study, we discovered that miR-486-5p was remarkably downregulated in CRC, which partially results from higher DNA methylation in the promoter region detected by using methylation-specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing PCR, and DNA demethylation treatment. Besides, decreased miR-486-5p was obviously associated with advanced TNM stage, larger tumor size, lymphatic metastasis, and poor prognosis in CRC. Upregulated miR-486-5p inhibited the proliferation and migration of CRC through targeting PLAGL2 expression and subsequent repressing IGF/β-catenin signal pathways both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, plasma miR-486-5p expression was significantly upregulated in CRC patients and we identified plasma miR-486-5p as a novel diagnostic biomarker of CRC using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Moreover, exploration in GEO dataset revealed that circulating miR-486-5p is tumor derived through being packaged into secretory exosomes. Taken together, our data demonstrated that miR-486-5p promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration through activation of PLAGL2/IGF2/β-catenin signal pathway, which is a promising therapeutic target of CRC treatment.
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Chen KS, Stroup EK, Budhipramono A, Rakheja D, Nichols-Vinueza D, Xu L, Stuart SH, Shukla AA, Fraire C, Mendell JT, Amatruda JF. Mutations in microRNA processing genes in Wilms tumors derepress the IGF2 regulator PLAG1. Genes Dev 2018; 32:996-1007. [PMID: 30026293 PMCID: PMC6075147 DOI: 10.1101/gad.313783.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many childhood Wilms tumors are driven by mutations in the microRNA biogenesis machinery, but the mechanism by which these mutations drive tumorigenesis is unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is a microRNA target gene that is overexpressed in Wilms tumors with mutations in microRNA processing genes. Wilms tumors can also overexpress PLAG1 through copy number alterations, and PLAG1 expression correlates with prognosis in Wilms tumors. PLAG1 overexpression accelerates growth of Wilms tumor cells in vitro and induces neoplastic growth in the developing mouse kidney in vivo. In both settings, PLAG1 transactivates insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), a key Wilms tumor oncogene, and drives mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. These data link microRNA impairment to the PLAG1-IGF2 pathway, providing new insight into the manner in which common Wilms tumor mutations drive disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Emily K Stroup
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Albert Budhipramono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Diana Nichols-Vinueza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75290, USA
| | - Sarai H Stuart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Abhay A Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Claudette Fraire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Margaret Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Su C, Li D, Li N, Du Y, Yang C, Bai Y, Lin C, Li X, Zhang Y. Studying the mechanism of PLAGL2 overexpression and its carcinogenic characteristics based on 3'-untranslated region in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1479-1490. [PMID: 29512763 PMCID: PMC5873895 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) is a zinc finger protein transcription factor, which is upregulated and serves an oncogenic function in multiple human malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). First, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of PLAGL2 in CRC tissues and normal tissues. Then, bioinformatics analysis, RT-qPCR, western blotting, luciferase reporter assays and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore whether the underlying mechanisms, including copy number variation (CNV), microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) led to the abnormal expression of PLAGL2. Finally, cell counting kit-8 assays, Transwell assays and xenograft models were used to detect carcinogenesis-associated characteristics based on the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of PLAGL2. In the present study, PLAGL2 was revealed to be upregulated in CRC tissues compared with normal CRC tissues. CNV was one of the causes leading to the upregulation of PLAGL2. miRNA, including downregulated miR-486-5p, and RBPs, including upregulated human antigen R (HuR), were other key underlying causes. In addition, PLAGL2 3′-UTR was revealed to promote the progression of CRC in vitro and in vivo, and to regulate the expression of C-MYC and CD44. To conclude, these results suggested that high expression of PLAGL2 in CRC was associated with CNV, miR-486-5p and HuR expression, whose 3′-UTR may promote colon carcinogenesis and serve as a novel potential biomarker for CRC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Nanpeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chunxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Richter L, Wang Y, Hyde RK. Targeting binding partners of the CBFβ-SMMHC fusion protein for the treatment of inversion 16 acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66255-66266. [PMID: 27542261 PMCID: PMC5323231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inversion of chromosome 16 (inv(16)) generates the CBFβ-SMMHC fusion protein and is found in nearly all patients with acute myeloid leukemia subtype M4 with Eosinophilia (M4Eo). Expression of CBFβ-SMMHC is causative for leukemia development, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity are unclear. Recently, there have been important advances in defining the role of CBFβ-SMMHC and its binding partners, the transcription factor RUNX1 and the histone deacetylase HDAC8. Importantly, initial trials demonstrate that small molecules targeting these binding partners are effective against CBFβ-SMMHC induced leukemia. This review will discuss recent advances in defining the mechanism of CBFβ-SMMHC activity, as well as efforts to develop new therapies for inv(16) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Richter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yiqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Katherine Hyde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Sun YP, Lu F, Han XY, Ji M, Zhou Y, Zhang AM, Wang HC, Ma DX, Ji CY. MiR-424 and miR-27a increase TRAIL sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia by targeting PLAG1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25276-90. [PMID: 27013583 PMCID: PMC5041903 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microRNAs have been elaborated to participate in various physiological and pathological processes, their functions in TRAIL resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain obscure. In this study, we detected relatively lower expression levels of miR-424&27a in TRAIL-resistant and semi-resistant AML cell lines as well as newly diagnosed patient samples. Overexpression of miR-424&27a, by targeting the 3′UTR of PLAG1, enhanced TRAIL sensitivity in AML cells. Correspondingly, knockdown of PLAG1 sensitized AML cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition. We further found that PLAG1 as a transcription factor could reinforce Bcl2 promoter activity, causing its upregulation at the mRNA level. Both downregulated PLAG1 and elevated expression of miR-424&27a led to Bcl2 downregulation and augmented cleavage of Caspase8, Caspase3 and PARP in the presence of TRAIL. Restoration of Bcl2 could eliminate their effects on AML TRAIL sensitization. Overall, we propose that miR-424&27a and/or PLAG1 might serve as novel therapeutic targets in AML TRAIL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Han
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - A-Min Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hong-Chun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dao-Xin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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38
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MiR-449a suppresses cell migration and invasion by targeting PLAGL2 in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:790-795. [PMID: 29653747 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis are still incompletely clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in cancer metastasis. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression and function of miR-449a in breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 15 human primary breast cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (10 pairs) were obtained. MiR-449a was examined in tumor tissues and adjacent nontumorous tissues of breast cancer patients and cell lines by real-time PCR. The protein expression levels were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. Luciferase reporter assays was used to validate the target of miR-449a. The effect of miR-449a on breast cancer cell migration and invasion were studied in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The expression levels of miR-449a were significantly decreased in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-449a suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation, clone formation, migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) was identified as a major target of miR-449a. Both overexpression of miR-449a inhibited the expression of PLAGL2 significantly and the knockdown of PLAGL2 expression inhibited the breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the miR-449a tumor suppressor role in breast cancer cell migration and invasion via targeting PLAGL2. These findings suggesting that miR-449a/PLAGL2 could serve as a therapeutic strategy for targeting breast cancer.
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39
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Zhang H, Zhang C, Feng R, Zhang H, Gao M, Ye L. Investigating the microRNA-mRNA regulatory network in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3981-3988. [PMID: 28989535 PMCID: PMC5620483 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common myelogenous malignancy in adults that is often characterized by disease relapse. The pathophysiological mechanism of AML has not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to identify the crucial microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and target genes in AML, and to uncover the potential oncogenic mechanism of AML. miRNA and mRNA expression-profiling microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential expression analysis was performed and a regulatory network between miRNAs and target genes was constructed. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were used to predict the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was employed to verify the expression levels of miRNAs and target genes in AML patient samples. A total of 86 differentially expressed miRNAs and 468 differentially expressed mRNAs between AML and healthy blood samples were identified. In total, 47 miRNAs and 401 mRNAs were found to be upregulated, and 39 miRNAs and 67 mRNAs were found to be downregulated in AML. A total of 223 miRNA-target genes pairs were subjected to the construction of a regulatory network. Differentially expressed target genes were significantly enriched in the Wnt signaling pathway (hsa04310), melanogenesis (hsa04916) and pathways in cancer (hsa05200). Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs and genes, including hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-192, annexin A2 (ANXA2), frizzled class receptor 3 (FZD3), and pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), may serve essential roles in AML oncogenesis. Overall, hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-192, ANXA2, FZD3 and PLAG1 may be associated with the development of AML via the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway, melanogenesis and other cancer-associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiguo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Hematology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Chengfang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Hematology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Hematology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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40
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Marneth AE, Prange KHM, Al Hinai ASA, Bergevoet SM, Tesi N, Janssen-Megens EM, Kim B, Sharifi N, Yaspo ML, Kuster J, Sanders MA, Stoetman ECG, Knijnenburg J, Arentsen-Peters TCJM, Zwaan CM, Stunnenberg HG, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Haferlach T, Fornerod M, Jansen JH, Valk PJM, van der Reijden BA, Martens JHA. C-terminal BRE overexpression in 11q23-rearranged and t(8;16) acute myeloid leukemia is caused by intragenic transcription initiation. Leukemia 2017; 32:828-836. [PMID: 28871137 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the BRE (brain and reproductive organ-expressed) gene defines a distinct pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subgroup. Here we identify a promoter enriched for active chromatin marks in BRE intron 4 causing strong biallelic expression of a previously unknown C-terminal BRE transcript. This transcript starts with BRE intron 4 sequences spliced to exon 5 and downstream sequences, and if translated might code for an N terminally truncated BRE protein. Remarkably, the new BRE transcript was highly expressed in over 50% of 11q23/KMT2A (lysine methyl transferase 2A)-rearranged and t(8;16)/KAT6A-CREBBP cases, while it was virtually absent from other AML subsets and normal tissues. In gene reporter assays, the leukemia-specific fusion protein KMT2A-MLLT3 transactivated the intragenic BRE promoter. Further epigenome analyses revealed 97 additional intragenic promoter marks frequently bound by KMT2A in AML with C-terminal BRE expression. The corresponding genes may be part of a context-dependent KMT2A-MLLT3-driven oncogenic program, because they were higher expressed in this AML subtype compared with other groups. C-terminal BRE might be an important contributor to this program because in a case with relapsed AML, we observed an ins(11;2) fusing CHORDC1 to BRE at the region where intragenic transcription starts in KMT2A-rearranged and KAT6A-CREBBP AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Marneth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K H M Prange
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A S A Al Hinai
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Bergevoet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Tesi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E M Janssen-Megens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Sharifi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M L Yaspo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Kuster
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M A Sanders
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E C G Stoetman
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Knijnenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T C J M Arentsen-Peters
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M Zwaan
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Haferlach
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - M Fornerod
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P J M Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B A van der Reijden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, RIMLS, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Junge A, Zandi R, Havgaard JH, Gorodkin J, Cowland JB. Assessing the miRNA sponge potential of RUNX1T1 in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. Gene 2017; 615:35-40. [PMID: 28322996 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by a translocation between chromosomes 8 and 21 and formation of a distinctive RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcript. This translocation places RUNX1T1 under control of the RUNX1 promoter leading to a pronounced upregulation of RUNX1T1 transcripts in t(8;21) AML, compared to normal hematopoietic cells. We investigated the role of highly-upregulated RUNX1T1 under the hypothesis that it acts as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) titrating microRNAs (miRNAs) away from their target transcripts and thus contributes to AML formation. Using publicly available t(8;21) AML RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq data available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, we obtained a network consisting of 605 genes that may act as ceRNAs competing for miRNAs with the suggested RUNX1T1 miRNA sponge. Among the 605 ceRNA candidates, 121 have previously been implied in cancer development. Players in the integrin, cadherin, and Wnt signaling pathways affected by the RUNX1T1 sponge were overrepresented. Finally, among a set of 21 high interest RUNX1T1 ceRNAs we found multiple genes that have previously been linked to AML formation. In conclusion, our study offers a novel look at the role of the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcript in t(8;21) AML beyond previously investigated genetic and epigenetic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Junge
- Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roza Zandi
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hull Havgaard
- Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jack Bernard Cowland
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Clinical Genetics, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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42
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Wang YP, Guo PT, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Xu Y, Chen YZ, Liu F, Ma SP. Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1961-1970. [PMID: 28259923 PMCID: PMC5367359 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in the acquisition of metastatic and invasive power for tumor cells. Colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) is a common cancer where metastasis is directly linked to patient survival. Recent studies show that pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) could induce tumor EMT and is an independent predictive factor associated with poor prognosis in cancer. In the present study, we confirmed the role of PLAGL2 in the prognosis of CRC patients and provide molecular evidence of PLAGL2 promoted EMT in CRC cell line SW480. We found that PLAGL2 expression was upregulated in the paraffin-embedded CRC tissues compared to borderline or benign tissues. Experimental EMT induced by PLAGL2 plasmid transfection proved PLAGL2 protein overexpression could enhance the cell scratch wound-healing and Transwell ability and significantly upregulated mesenchymal marker proteins, N-cadherin and vimentin and concurrently downregulated epithelial marker of E-cadherin. Subsequently, through western blot assay, we found that PLAGL2 could activate the Wnt-signaling component β-catenin in the nuclei. More CRC cell metastasis to the lungs was observed when the PLAGL2 overexpressing SW480 cells were injected into the tail vein of rats, compared with the cell control and PLAGL2 silence group. Our findings indicated that PLAGL2 might be a very upstream key molecule regulating EMT involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Tao Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ze Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Si-Ping Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Guo J, Wang M, Wang Z, Liu X. Overexpression of Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene-Like 2 Is a Novel Poor Prognostic Marker of Prostate Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158667. [PMID: 27537362 PMCID: PMC4990332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) is a member of the PLAG gene family. Previous studies have revealed that overexpression of PLAGL2 is associated with many human cancers. However, it has been reported that PLAGL2 also plays as a tumor suppressor. The precise role of PLAGL2 in prostate cancer (PCa) is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic value of PLAGL2 in PCa. Data from microarray datasets demonstrated that the DNA copy number and mRNA level of PLAGL2 were significantly increased in PCa compared with normal prostate. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis from paired PCa samples and prostate cell lines confirmed upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels in PCa. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that staining of PLAGL2 in PCa tissues was significantly higher than that in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues. In addition, the high expression of PLAGL2 was only involved in preoperative PSA, but was not related to age, Gleason score, seminal vesicle invasion, surgical margin status, clinical stage and positive lymph node metastasis. Moreover, our results showed that PLAGL2 was an independent prognostic factor for biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival and overall survival (OS) of PCa patients, and overexpressed PLAGL2 was related to early development of BCR and poor OS. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PLAGL2 is overexpressed in PCa. The increased expression of PLAGL2 correlates to PCa progression following radical prostatectomy and may serve as a novel poor prognostic marker for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhishun Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- * E-mail:
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de Brito BS, Giovanelli N, Egal ES, Sánchez-Romero C, Nascimento JDSD, Martins AS, Tincani ÁJ, Del Negro A, Gondak RDO, Almeida OPD, Kowalski LP, Altemani A, Mariano FV. Loss of expression of Plag1 in malignant transformation from pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 57:152-159. [PMID: 27473265 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PLAG1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1) is frequently activated in pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) arises in PA, and PLAG1 expression is believed to be maintained from PA to CXPA, as it can contribute to the carcinogenesis process. To evaluate if PLAG1 is a good marker of malignant transformation from PA to CXPA as well as to evaluate if PLAG1 expression is associated with progression and histopathologic subtype of CXPA. Forty PAs, 21 residual PAs (without malignant transformation), and 40 CXPAs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with PLAG1 antibody. The proportion of positive neoplastic cells was assessed according to a 2-tiered scale: >10% to 50%, and >50% positive cells. The CXPA group was classified according to histopathologic subtype and invasiveness degree. Thirty-seven PAs (92.5%), 15 residual PAs (71%), and 14 CXPAs (35%) were positive for PLAG1. In relation to the CXPA group, among the intracapsular cases, myoepithelial carcinoma and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma showed the highest level of PLAG1 expression. PLAG1 expression is lost when PA undergoes malignant transformation, possibly due to other pathway activation and different clone cells. In addition, PLAG1 expression seems to be present mainly in low-grade carcinomas and in cases with early phase of invasion, due to its regulation of oncogene-induced cell senescence. In CXPA, PLAG1 expression was most associated with myoepithelial differentiation. This way, loss of PLAG1 expression can be considered a hallmark of CXPA carcinogenesis, mainly when there is only epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Samara de Brito
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Natália Giovanelli
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Egal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Celeste Sánchez-Romero
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza do Nascimento
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Antonio Santos Martins
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Álfio José Tincani
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - André Del Negro
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | | | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil.
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de Brito BS, Gaspar NG, Egal ESA, Sanchez-Romero C, Martins AS, Tincani ÁJ, de Oliveira Gondak R, de Almeida OP, Kowalski LP, Altemani A, Mariano FV. PLAG1 expression is maintained in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:477-81. [PMID: 27381214 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1)) is immunohistochemically overexpressed in pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Its expression in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA), however, has not been investigated. Since complex mechanisms are involved in tumor recurrence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether PLAG1 overexpression occurs in RPA. We studied PLAG1 protein expression in 40 PAs and 36 RPAs by immunohistochemistry. Cases with immunopositive cells were classified into two categories, between 10 and 50 % and >50 %. In both groups, PLAG1 expression was observed in both epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Of PAs, 37 cases (93 %) were positive, while this was the case in 34 RPA cases (94 %). Our findings suggest that in addition to morphological similarity, PA and RPA express PLAG1, which might play a role in tumor recurrence. Furthermore, as for PA, expression of PLAG1 can be considered a valuable diagnostic marker for RPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Samara de Brito
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Giovanelli Gaspar
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Celeste Sanchez-Romero
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Santos Martins
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Álfio José Tincani
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Oslei Paes de Almeida
- Oral Pathology Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Barão Geraldo, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-887, Brazil.
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Juma AR, Damdimopoulou PE, Grommen SVH, Van de Ven WJM, De Groef B. Emerging role of PLAG1 as a regulator of growth and reproduction. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:R45-56. [PMID: 26577933 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) belongs to the PLAG family of zinc finger transcription factors along with PLAG-like 1 and PLAG-like 2. The PLAG1 gene is best known as an oncogene associated with certain types of cancer, most notably pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland. While the mechanisms of PLAG1-induced tumorigenesis are reasonably well understood, the role of PLAG1 in normal physiology is less clear. It is known that PLAG1 is involved in cell proliferation by directly regulating a wide array of target genes, including a number of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 2. This is likely to be a central mode of action for PLAG1 both in embryonic development and in cancer. The phenotype of Plag1 knockout mice suggests an important role for PLAG1 also in postnatal growth and reproduction, as PLAG1 deficiency causes growth retardation and reduced fertility. A role for PLAG1 in growth and reproduction is further corroborated by genome-wide association studies in humans and domestic animals in which polymorphisms in the PLAG1 genomic region are associated with body growth and reproductive traits. Here we review the current evidence for PLAG1 as a regulator of growth and fertility and discuss possible endocrine mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almas R Juma
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauliina E Damdimopoulou
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvia V H Grommen
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim J M Van de Ven
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, AustraliaDepartment of Clinical SciencesIntervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Human GeneticsKU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Molecular cytogenetics of pediatric adipocytic tumors. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:469-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Stubbington MJ, Mahata B, Svensson V, Deonarine A, Nissen JK, Betz AG, Teichmann SA. An atlas of mouse CD4(+) T cell transcriptomes. Biol Direct 2015; 10:14. [PMID: 25886751 PMCID: PMC4384382 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-015-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4(+) T cells are key regulators of the adaptive immune system and can be divided into T helper (Th) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. During an immune response Th cells mature from a naive state into one of several effector subtypes that exhibit distinct functions. The transcriptional mechanisms that underlie the specific functional identity of CD4(+) T cells are not fully understood. RESULTS To assist investigations into the transcriptional identity and regulatory processes of these cells we performed mRNA-sequencing on three murine T helper subtypes (Th1, Th2 and Th17) as well as on splenic Treg cells and induced Treg (iTreg) cells. Our integrated analysis of this dataset revealed the gene expression changes associated with these related but distinct cellular identities. Each cell subtype differentially expresses a wealth of 'subtype upregulated' genes, some of which are well known whilst others promise new insights into signalling processes and transcriptional regulation. We show that hundreds of genes are regulated purely by alternative splicing to extend our knowledge of the role of post-transcriptional regulation in cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This CD4(+) transcriptome atlas provides a valuable resource for the study of CD4(+) T cell populations. To facilitate its use by others, we have made the data available in an easily accessible online resource at www.th-express.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jt Stubbington
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
| | - Bidesh Mahata
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Valentine Svensson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
| | | | - Jesper K Nissen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | | | - Sarah A Teichmann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
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Sekiya R, Maeda M, Yuan H, Asano E, Hyodo T, Hasegawa H, Ito S, Shibata K, Hamaguchi M, Kikkawa F, Kajiyama H, Senga T. PLAGL2 regulates actin cytoskeletal architecture and cell migration. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1993-2001. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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50
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Heim D, Cornils K, Schulze K, Fehse B, Lohse AW, Brümmendorf TH, Wege H. Retroviral insertional mutagenesis in telomerase-immortalized hepatocytes identifies RIPK4 as novel tumor suppressor in human hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncogene 2014; 34:364-72. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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