1
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Yokomizo T, Shimizu T. The leukotriene B 4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 as potential therapeutic targets. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:30-41. [PMID: 36908237 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ) was recognized as an arachidonate-derived chemotactic factor for inflammatory cells and an important drug target even before the molecular identification of its receptors. We cloned the high- and low-affinity LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, respectively, and examined their functions by generating and studying gene-targeted mice. BLT1 is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and immune diseases, including asthma, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, age-related macular degeneration, and immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Meanwhile, BLT2 is a high-affinity receptor for 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, which is involved in the maintenance of dermal and intestinal barrier function, and the acceleration of skin and corneal wound healing. Thus, BLT1 antagonists and BLT2 agonists are promising candidates in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Li S, Chen X, Chen J, Wu B, Liu J, Guo Y, Li M, Pu X. Multi-omics integration analysis of GPCRs in pan-cancer to uncover inter-omics relationships and potential driver genes. Comput Biol Med 2023; 161:106988. [PMID: 37201441 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest drug target family. Unfortunately, applications of GPCRs in cancer therapy are scarce due to very limited knowledge regarding their correlations with cancers. Multi-omics data enables systematic investigations of GPCRs, yet their effective integration remains a challenge due to the complexity of the data. Here, we adopt two types of integration strategies, multi-staged and meta-dimensional approaches, to fully characterize somatic mutations, somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), DNA methylations, and mRNA expressions of GPCRs in 33 cancers. Results from the multi-staged integration reveal that GPCR mutations cannot well predict expression dysregulation. The correlations between expressions and SCNAs are primarily positive, while correlations of the methylations with expressions and SCNAs are bimodal with negative correlations predominating. Based on these correlations, 32 and 144 potential cancer-related GPCRs driven by aberrant SCNA and methylation are identified, respectively. In addition, the meta-dimensional integration analysis is carried out by using deep learning models, which predict more than one hundred GPCRs as potential oncogenes. When comparing results between the two integration strategies, 165 cancer-related GPCRs are common in both, suggesting that they should be prioritized in future studies. However, 172 GPCRs emerge in only one, indicating that the two integration strategies should be considered concurrently to complement the information missed by the other such that obtain a more comprehensive understanding. Finally, correlation analysis further reveals that GPCRs, in particular for the class A and adhesion receptors, are generally immune-related. In a whole, the work is for the first time to reveal the associations between different omics layers and highlight the necessity of combing the two strategies in identifying cancer-related GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jianfang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Binjian Wu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yanzhi Guo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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3
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Antonello P, Pizzagalli DU, Foglierini M, Melgrati S, Radice E, Thelen S, Thelen M. ACKR3 promotes CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated cell-to-cell-induced lymphoma migration through LTB4 production. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1067885. [PMID: 36713377 PMCID: PMC9878562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis is an essential physiological process, often harnessed by tumors for metastasis. CXCR4, its ligand CXCL12 and the atypical receptor ACKR3 are overexpressed in many human cancers. Interfering with this axis by ACKR3 deletion impairs lymphoma cell migration towards CXCL12. Here, we propose a model of how ACKR3 controls the migration of the diffused large B-cell lymphoma VAL cells in vitro and in vivo in response to CXCL12. VAL cells expressing full-length ACKR3, but not a truncated version missing the C-terminus, can support the migration of VAL cells lacking ACKR3 (VAL-ko) when allowed to migrate together. This migration of VAL-ko cells is pertussis toxin-sensitive suggesting the involvement of a Gi-protein coupled receptor. RNAseq analysis indicate the expression of chemotaxis-mediating LTB4 receptors in VAL cells. We found that LTB4 acts synergistically with CXCL12 in stimulating the migration of VAL cells. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of BLT1R markedly reduces chemotaxis towards CXCL12 suggesting that LTB4 enhances in a contact-independent manner the migration of lymphoma cells. The results unveil a novel mechanism of cell-to-cell-induced migration of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Antonello
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diego U. Pizzagalli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Euler Institute, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Foglierini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serena Melgrati
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Egle Radice
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Thelen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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4
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Dendritic Cells: The Long and Evolving Road towards Successful Targetability in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193028. [PMID: 36230990 PMCID: PMC9563837 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a unique myeloid cell lineage that play a central role in the priming of the adaptive immune response. As such, they are an attractive target for immune oncology based therapeutic approaches. However, targeting these cells has proven challenging with many studies proving inconclusive or of no benefit in a clinical trial setting. In this review, we highlight the known and unknown about this rare but powerful immune cell. As technologies have expanded our understanding of the complexity of DC development, subsets and response features, we are now left to apply this knowledge to the design of new therapeutic strategies in cancer. We propose that utilization of these technologies through a multiomics approach will allow for an improved directed targeting of DCs in a clinical trial setting. In addition, the DC research community should consider a consensus on subset nomenclature to distinguish new subsets from functional or phenotypic changes in response to their environment.
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5
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Quast T, Zölzer K, Guu D, Alvarez L, Küsters C, Kiermaier E, Kaupp UB, Kolanus W. A Stable Chemokine Gradient Controls Directional Persistence of Migrating Dendritic Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943041. [PMID: 36016652 PMCID: PMC9395945 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigation of dendritic cells (DCs) from the site of infection to lymphoid organs is guided by concentration gradients of CCR7 ligands. How cells interpret chemokine gradients and how they couple directional sensing to polarization and persistent chemotaxis has remained largely elusive. Previous experimental systems were limited in the ability to control fast de novo formation of the final gradient slope, long-lasting stability of the gradient and to expose cells to dynamic stimulation. Here, we used a combination of microfluidics and quantitative in vitro live cell imaging to elucidate the chemotactic sensing strategy of DCs. The microfluidic approach allows us to generate soluble gradients with high spatio-temporal precision and to analyze actin dynamics, cell polarization, and persistent directional migration in both static and dynamic environments. We demonstrate that directional persistence of DC migration requires steady-state characteristics of the soluble gradient instead of temporally rising CCL19 concentration, implying that spatial sensing mechanisms control chemotaxis of DCs. Kymograph analysis of actin dynamics revealed that the presence of the CCL19 gradient is essential to stabilize leading edge protrusions in DCs and to determine directionality, since both cytoskeletal polarization and persistent chemotaxis are abrogated in the range of seconds when steady-state gradients are perturbed. In contrast to Dictyostelium amoeba, DCs are unable to decode oscillatory stimulation of soluble chemokine traveling waves into a directional response toward the wave source. These findings are consistent with the notion that DCs do not employ adaptive temporal sensing strategies that discriminate temporally increasing and decreasing chemoattractant concentrations in our setting. Taken together, in our experimental system DCs do not depend on increasing absolute chemokine concentration over time to induce persistent migration and do not integrate oscillatory stimulation. The observed capability of DCs to migrate with high directional persistence in stable gradients but not when subjected to periodic temporal cues, identifies spatial sensing as a key requirement for persistent chemotaxis of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karolin Zölzer
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Donald Guu
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior—Caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior—Caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Küsters
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Kiermaier
- Immune and Tumor Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - U. Benjamin Kaupp
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior—Caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Waldemar Kolanus,
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Frattolin J, Watson DJ, Bonneuil WV, Russell MJ, Fasanella Masci F, Bandara M, Brook BS, Nibbs RJB, Moore JE. The Critical Importance of Spatial and Temporal Scales in Designing and Interpreting Immune Cell Migration Assays. Cells 2021; 10:3439. [PMID: 34943947 PMCID: PMC8700135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy and other direct-imaging techniques have allowed for a characterisation of leukocyte migration that has revolutionised the field of immunology, resulting in an unprecedented understanding of the mechanisms of immune response and adaptive immunity. However, there is an assumption within the field that modern imaging techniques permit imaging parameters where the resulting cell track accurately captures a cell's motion. This notion is almost entirely untested, and the relationship between what could be observed at a given scale and the underlying cell behaviour is undefined. Insufficient spatial and temporal resolutions within migration assays can result in misrepresentation of important physiologic processes or cause subtle changes in critical cell behaviour to be missed. In this review, we contextualise how scale can affect the perceived migratory behaviour of cells, summarise the limited approaches to mitigate this effect, and establish the need for a widely implemented framework to account for scale and correct observations of cell motion. We then extend the concept of scale to new approaches that seek to bridge the current "black box" between single-cell behaviour and systemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Frattolin
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.F.); (D.J.W.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Daniel J. Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.F.); (D.J.W.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Willy V. Bonneuil
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.F.); (D.J.W.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Matthew J. Russell
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.J.R.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Francesca Fasanella Masci
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (F.F.M.); (M.B.); (R.J.B.N.)
| | - Mikaila Bandara
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (F.F.M.); (M.B.); (R.J.B.N.)
| | - Bindi S. Brook
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (M.J.R.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Robert J. B. Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (F.F.M.); (M.B.); (R.J.B.N.)
| | - James E. Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (J.F.); (D.J.W.); (W.V.B.)
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7
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Long S, Ji S, Xiao K, Xue P, Zhu S. Prognostic and immunological value of LTB4R in pan-cancer. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:9336-9356. [PMID: 34814348 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LTB4 receptor 1 (LTB4R), as the high affinity leukotriene B4 receptor, is rapidly revealing its function in malignancies. However, it is still uncertain. METHODS We investigated the expression pattern and prognostic significance of LTB4R in pan-cancer across different databases, including ONCOMINE, PrognoScan, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter, in this study. Meanwhile, we explored the significance of LTB4R in tumor metastasis by HCMDB. Then functional enrichment analysis of related genes was performed using GeneMANIA and DAVID. Lastly, utilizing the TIMER datasets, we looked into the links between LTB4R expression and immune infiltration in malignancies. RESULTS In general, tumor tissue displayed higher levels of LTB4R expression than normal tissue. Although LTB4R had a negative influence on pan-cancer, a high expression level of LTB4R was protective of LIHC (liver hepatocellular carcinoma) patients' survival. There was no significant difference in the distribution of LTB4R between non-metastatic and metastatic tumors. Based on Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, LTB4R was implicated in pathways involved in inflammation, immunity, metabolism, and cancer diseases. The correlation between immune cells and LTB4R was found to be distinct across cancer types. Furthermore, markers of infiltrating immune cells, such as Treg, T cell exhaustion and T helper cells, exhibited different LTB4R-related immune infiltration patterns. CONCLUSION The LTB4R is associated with immune infiltrates and can be used as a prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Long
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ji
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kunmin Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
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8
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Koga T, Sasaki F, Saeki K, Tsuchiya S, Okuno T, Ohba M, Ichiki T, Iwamoto S, Uzawa H, Kitajima K, Meno C, Nakamura E, Tada N, Fukui Y, Kikuta J, Ishii M, Sugimoto Y, Nakao M, Yokomizo T. Expression of leukotriene B 4 receptor 1 defines functionally distinct DCs that control allergic skin inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1437-1449. [PMID: 33037399 PMCID: PMC8167169 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1) is a chemotactic G protein-coupled receptor expressed by leukocytes, such as granulocytes, macrophages, and activated T cells. Although there is growing evidence that BLT1 plays crucial roles in immune responses, its role in dendritic cells remains largely unknown. Here, we identified novel DC subsets defined by the expression of BLT1, namely, BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs. We also found that BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs differentially migrated toward LTB4 and CCL21, a lymph node-homing chemoattractant, respectively. By generating LTB4-producing enzyme LTA4H knockout mice and CD11c promoter-driven Cre recombinase-expressing BLT1 conditional knockout (BLT1 cKO) mice, we showed that the migration of BLT1hi DCs exacerbated allergic contact dermatitis. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed that BLT1hi DCs preferentially induced Th1 differentiation by upregulating IL-12p35 expression, whereas BLT1lo DCs accelerated T cell proliferation by producing IL-2. Collectively, the data reveal an unexpected role for BLT1 as a novel DC subset marker and provide novel insights into the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in the spatiotemporal regulation of distinct DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Soken Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mai Ohba
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takako Ichiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uzawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Kitajima
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chikara Meno
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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9
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Feng M, Zhou S, Yu Y, Su Q, Li X, Lin W. Regulation of the Migration of Distinct Dendritic Cell Subsets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:635221. [PMID: 33681216 PMCID: PMC7933215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.635221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), a class of antigen-presenting cells, are widely present in tissues and apparatuses of the body, and their ability to migrate is key for the initiation of immune activation and tolerogenic immune responses. The importance of DCs migration for their differentiation, phenotypic states, and immunologic functions has attracted widespread attention. In this review, we discussed and compared the chemokines, membrane molecules, and migration patterns of conventional DCs, plasmocytoid DCs, and recently proposed DC subgroups. We also review the promoters and inhibitors that affect DCs migration, including the hypoxia microenvironment, tumor microenvironment, inflammatory factors, and pathogenic microorganisms. Further understanding of the migration mechanisms and regulatory factors of DC subgroups provides new insights for the treatment of diseases, such as infection, tumors, and vaccine preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Feng
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghong Su
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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10
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Tian W, Jiang X, Kim D, Guan T, Nicolls MR, Rockson SG. Leukotrienes in Tumor-Associated Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1289. [PMID: 32973519 PMCID: PMC7466732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes are biologically active eicosanoid lipid mediators that originate from oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves a set of soluble and membrane-bound enzymes that constitute a machinery complex primarily expressed by cells of myeloid origin. Leukotrienes and their synthetic enzymes are critical immune modulators for leukocyte migration. Increased concentrations of leukotrienes are implicated in a number of inflammatory disorders. More recent work indicates that leukotrienes may also interact with a variety of tissue cells, contributing to the low-grade inflammation of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic conditions, as well as that of cancer. Leukotriene signaling contributes to the active tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth and resistance to immunotherapy. This review summarizes recent insights into the intricate roles of leukotrienes in promoting tumor growth and metastasis through shaping the tumor microenvironment. The emerging possibilities for pharmacological targeting of leukotriene signaling in tumor metastasis are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dongeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Torrey Guan
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stanley G Rockson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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11
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He R, Chen Y, Cai Q. The role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in health and disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104857. [PMID: 32439596 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a major type of lipid mediator that is rapidly generated from arachidonic acid through sequential action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) and LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H) in response to various stimuli. LTB4 is well known to be a chemoattractant for leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, via interaction with its high-affinity receptor BLT1. Extensive attention has been paid to the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as infectious diseases, allergy, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disease via mediating recruitment and/or activation of different types of inflammatory cells depending on different stages or the nature of inflammatory response. Recent studies also demonstrated that LTB4 acts on non-immune cells via BLT1 to initiate and/or amplify pathological inflammation in various tissues. In addition, emerging evidence reveals a complex role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in cancer, either tumor-inhibitory or tumor-promoting, depending on the different target cells. In this review, we summarize both established understanding and the most recent progress in our knowledge about the LTB4-BLT1 axis in host defense, inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wójcik P, Biernacki M, Wroński A, Łuczaj W, Waeg G, Žarković N, Skrzydlewska E. Altered Lipid Metabolism in Blood Mononuclear Cells of Psoriatic Patients Indicates Differential Changes in Psoriasis Vulgaris and Psoriatic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174249. [PMID: 31480263 PMCID: PMC6747546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate possible stress-associated disturbances in lipid metabolism in mononuclear cells, mainly lymphocytes of patients with psoriasis vulgaris (Ps, n = 32) or with psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n = 16) in respect to the healthy volunteers (n = 16). The results showed disturbances in lipid metabolism of psoriatic patients reflected by different phospholipid profiles. The levels of non-enzymatic lipid metabolites associated with oxidative stress 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α) and free 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were higher in PsA, although levels of 4-HNE-His adducts were higher in Ps. In the case of the enzymatic metabolism of lipids, enhanced levels of endocannabinoids were observed in both forms of psoriasis, while higher expression of their receptors and activities of phospholipases were detected only in Ps. Moreover, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity was enhanced only in Ps, but cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was enhanced both in Ps and PsA, generating higher levels of eicosanoids: prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13HODE), thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Surprisingly, some of major eicosanoids 15-d-PGJ2 (15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2), 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) were elevated in Ps and reduced in PsA. The results of our study revealed changes in lipid metabolism with enhancement of immune system-modulating mediators in psoriatic mononuclear cells. Evaluating further differential stress responses in Ps and PsA affecting lipid metabolism and immunity might be useful to improve the prevention and therapeutic treatments of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wójcik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Wroński
- Dermatological Specialized Center "DERMAL" NZOZ in Bialystok, 15-453 Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łuczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Georg Waeg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Neven Žarković
- LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
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León B, Lund FE. Compartmentalization of dendritic cell and T-cell interactions in the lymph node: Anatomy of T-cell fate decisions. Immunol Rev 2019; 289:84-100. [PMID: 30977197 PMCID: PMC6464380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Upon receiving cognate and co-stimulatory priming signals from antigen (Ag)-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in secondary lymphoid tissues, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector and memory populations. These alternate cell fate decisions, which ultimately control the T-cell functional attributes, are dictated by programming signals provided by Ag-bearing DCs and by other cells that are present in the microenvironment in which T-cell priming occurs. We know that DCs can be subdivided into multiple populations and that the various DC subsets exhibit differential capacities to initiate development of the different CD4+ T-helper populations. What is less well understood is why different subanatomic regions of secondary lymphoid tissues are colonized by distinct populations of Ag-presenting DCs and how the location of these DCs influences the type of T-cell response that will be generated. Here we review how chemokine receptors and their ligands, which position allergen and nematode-activated DCs within different microdomains of secondary lymphoid tissues, contribute to the establishment of IL-4 committed follicular helper T and type 2 helper cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Abstract
Cancer development and metastasis are associated to perturbation in metabolic functions of tumor cells and surrounding inflammatory and stromal cell responses. Eicosanoids and lipid mediators, in this regard, attract potential attention during cancer development. Eicosanoids, which include prostaglandin, prostacyclin, thromboxane, and leukotriene, are synthesized from arachidonic acid when cells are stimulated by stress, cytokines, or other growth factors. However, the underlying mechanism of eicosanoids in cancer development, specially their interactions with proto-oncogene factors in tumor microenvironment, remain unexplored. On the other hand, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases which are involved in degradation of different extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. MMPs are associated with different physiological responses, including embryogenesis, vasculogenesis, and cellular remodeling, as well as different disease pathogenesis. Induced MMP responses are especially associated with cancer metastasis and secondary tumor development through proteolytic cleavage of several ECM and non-ECM proteins. Although both eicosanoids and MMPs are involved with cancer progression and metastasis, the interrelation between these two molecules are less explored. The present review discusses relevant studies that connect eicosanoids and MMPs and highlight the crosstalk between them offering novel therapeutic approach in cancer treatment.
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Pires-Lapa MA, Koga MM, da Silva IA, Filgueiras LR, Jancar S. Leukotriene B 4 modulation of murine dendritic cells affects adaptive immunity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 141:34-39. [PMID: 30738873 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate and adaptive immunity. The microenvironment generated during the innate immunity affects DCs and the type of adaptive immunity generated. Lipid mediators are released early in inflammation and could modify the functional state of DCs. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has a wide range of effects on macrophages and in the present study we investigated if it also affects DCs. Murine bone marrow-derived DCs were employed and it was found that stimulation of DCs with LTB4 (10 nM) increased the gene expression of the high affinity receptor BLT-1 but not of BLT-2. It also increased the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 expression but did not affect CD80 and CD40. LTB4-stimulated DCs acquired the capacity to present antigen to T lymphocytes, evidenced by antigen-specific proliferation of CD4+ lymphocytes in co-cultures of ovalbumin-loaded DCs with DO11.10 splenocytes. LTB4-stimulated DCs induced Treg proliferation and increased Th2 cytokine IL-13 in the co-cultures. Expression of transcription factor genes, Gata3 and Foxp3 (Th2 and Treg, respectively) were also found increased. However, the expression of Th1 transcription factor (Tbet) and Th17 (RorγT) were not affected. These results indicate that LTB4 affects DCs and modulates the type of adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Pires-Lapa
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marianna Mainardi Koga
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ildefonso Alves da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Sonia Jancar
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhou J, Lai W, Yang W, Pan J, Shen H, Cai Y, Yang C, Ma N, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Xie X, Dong Z, Gao Y, Du C. BLT1 in dendritic cells promotes Th1/Th17 differentiation and its deficiency ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:1047-1056. [PMID: 29670278 PMCID: PMC6269524 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis is enhanced in the colonic mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). BLT1, a high-affinity receptor for LTB4, exhibits no effect on the progression of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, which mostly relies on innate immunity. Here, we reported that BLT1 regulates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, which reflects CD4+ T-cell-dependent adaptive immune mechanisms of IBD. We found that BLT1 signaling enhanced the progression of colitis through controlling the production of proinflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells (DCs) and modulating the differentiation of Th1 and Th17. BLT1-/- mice displayed an alleviated severity of TNBS-induced colitis with reduced body weight loss and infiltrating cells in the lamina propria. BLT1 deficiency in DCs led to reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12, and these results were further confirmed via treatment with a BLT1 antagonist. The impaired cytokine production by BLT1-/- DCs subsequently led to reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. We further performed a conditional DC reconstitution experiment to assess whether BLT1 in DCs plays a major role in regulating the pathogenesis of TNBS-induced colitis, and the results indicate that BLT1 deficiency in DCs also significantly reduces disease severity. The mechanistic study demonstrated that BLT1-regulated proinflammatory cytokine production through the Gαi βγ subunit-phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ)-PKC pathway. Notably, we found that treatment with the BLT1 antagonist also reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood DCs. Our findings reveal the critical role of BLT1 in regulating adaptive immunity and TNBS-induced colitis, which further supports BLT1 as a potential drug target for adaptive immunity-mediated IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhou
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wanjie Yang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juping Pan
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University branch, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hu Shen
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University branch, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ningjia Ma
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Changsheng Du
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Krzastek SC, Goliadze E, Zhou S, Petrossian A, Youniss F, Sundaresan G, Wang L, Zweit J, Guruli G. Dendritic cell trafficking in tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1939-1947. [PMID: 29943070 PMCID: PMC11028156 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, with no curative treatments once it spreads. Alternative therapies, including immunotherapy, have shown limited efficacy. Dendritic cells (DC) have been widely used in the treatment of various malignancies. DC capture antigens and move to the lymphoid organs where they prime naive T cells. Interaction between DC and T cells are most active in lymph nodes and suppression of DC trafficking to lymph nodes impairs the immune response. In this work, we aimed to study trafficking of DC in vivo via various routes of delivery, to optimize the effectiveness of DC-based therapy. A DC labeling system was developed using 1,1'-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine Iodine for in vivo fluorescent imaging. DC harvested from C57B/6 mice were matured, labeled, and injected intravenously, subcutaneously, or intratumorally, with or without antigen loading with whole tumor lysate, into C57B/6 mice inoculated with RM-1 murine prostate tumor cells. Signal intensity was measured in vivo and ex vivo. Signal intensity at the tumor site increased over time, suggesting trafficking of DC to the tumor with all modes of injection. Subcutaneous injection showed preferential trafficking to lymph nodes and tumor. Intravenous injection showed trafficking to lungs, intestines, and spleen. Subcutaneous injection of DC pulsed with whole tumor lysate resulted in the highest increase in signal intensity at the tumor site and lymph nodes, suggesting subcutaneous injection of primed DC leads to highest preferential trafficking of DC to the immunocompetent organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Krzastek
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ekaterine Goliadze
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shaoqing Zhou
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Albert Petrossian
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fatma Youniss
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gobalakrishnan Sundaresan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jamal Zweit
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Georgi Guruli
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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18
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Inflammatory bowel disease: DCs sense LTB 4 to drive T H1 and T H17 differentiation. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 17:307-309. [PMID: 30275533 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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19
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The role of extracellular vesicles when innate meets adaptive. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:439-452. [PMID: 29616308 PMCID: PMC6208666 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells are recognized for their rapid and critical contribution to the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens and harmful agents. These actions can be further amplified by specific adaptive immune responses adapted to the activating stimulus. Recently, the awareness has grown that virtually all innate immune cells, i.e., mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and NK cells, are able to communicate with dendritic cells (DCs) and/or T and B cells, and thereby significantly contribute to the orchestration of adaptive immune responses. The means of communication that are thus far primarily associated with this function are cell-cell contacts and the release of a broad range of soluble mediators. Moreover, the possible contribution of innate immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the modulation of adaptive immunity will be outlined in this review. EVs are submicron particles composed of a lipid bilayer, proteins, and nucleic acids released by cells in a regulated fashion. EVs are involved in intercellular communication between multiple cell types, including those of the immune system. A good understanding of the mechanisms by which innate immune cell-derived EVs influence adaptive immune responses, or vice versa, may reveal novel insights in the regulation of the immune system and can open up new possibilities for EVs (or their components) in controlling immune responses, either as a therapy, target, or as an adjuvant in future immune modulating treatments.
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20
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Tiberio L, Del Prete A, Schioppa T, Sozio F, Bosisio D, Sozzani S. Chemokine and chemotactic signals in dendritic cell migration. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:346-352. [PMID: 29563613 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells responsible for the activation of specific T-cell responses and for the development of immune tolerance. Immature DCs reside in peripheral tissues and specialize in antigen capture, whereas mature DCs reside mostly in the secondary lymphoid organs where they act as antigen-presenting cells. The correct localization of DCs is strictly regulated by a large variety of chemotactic and nonchemotactic signals that include bacterial products, DAMPs (danger-associated molecular patterns), complement proteins, lipids, and chemokines. These signals function both individually and in concert, generating a complex regulatory network. This network is regulated at multiple levels through different strategies, such as synergistic interactions, proteolytic processing, and the actions of atypical chemokine receptors. Understanding this complex scenario will help to clarify the role of DCs in different pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and cancers and will uncover new molecular targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Sozio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano-Milano, Italy.
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21
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Lopes DEM, Jabr CL, Dejani NN, Saraiva AC, de Aquino SG, Medeiros AI, Rossa Junior C. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase attenuates inflammation and BONE resorption in lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2017; 89:235-245. [PMID: 29381190 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity and increased leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production have been implicated in various inflammatory conditions. Increased production of leukotrienes has been associated with periodontal diseases; however, their relative contribution to tissue destruction is unknown. In this study, an orally active specific 5-LO inhibitor is used to assess its role in inflammation and bone resorption in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontal disease. METHODS Periodontal disease was induced in Balb/c mice by direct injections of LPS into the palatal gingival tissues adjacent to the maxillary first molars three times per week for 4 weeks. Animals were treated with biochemical inhibitor (2 mg/kg/daily) or the same volume of the vehicle by oral gavage. Microcomputed tomography analysis was used to assess bone resorption. Enzyme immunoassay determined LTB4, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays quantified tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-10 in gingival tissues. Histologic sections were used for the morphometric analysis (number of neutrophils and mononuclear cells). Osteoclasts were counted in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained sections. RESULTS Administration of 5-LO inhibitor effectively reduced production of LTB4 (23.7% decrease) and significantly reduced TNF and IL-12 levels in gingival tissues. Moreover, reduction of LTB4 levels in gingival tissues was associated with a significant decrease in bone resorption and a marked reduction in number of osteoclasts and inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION 5-LO activity plays a relevant role in inflammation and bone resorption associated with the LPS model of experimental periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora E M Lopes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila L Jabr
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naiara N Dejani
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University
| | - Amanda C Saraiva
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University
| | - Sabrina G de Aquino
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Medeiros
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University
| | - Carlos Rossa Junior
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The high affinity leukotriene B4 receptor, BLT1 mediates chemotaxis of diverse leukocyte subsets to the sites of infection or inflammation. Whereas the pathological functions of LTB4/BLT1 axis in allergy, autoimmunity and cardiovascular disorders are well established; its role in cancer is only beginning to emerge. In this review, we summarize recent findings on LTB4/BLT1 axis enabling distinct outcomes toward tumor progression. In a mouse lung tumor model promoted by silicosis-induced inflammation, genetic deletion of BLT1 attenuated neutrophilic inflammation and tumor promotion. In contrast, in a spontaneous model of intestinal tumorigenesis, absence of BLT1 led to defective mucosal host response, altered microbiota and bacteria dependent colon tumor progression. Furthermore, BLT1 mediated CD8+ T cell recruitment was shown to be essential for initiating anti-tumor immunity in number of xenograft models and is critical for effective PD1 based immunotherapy. BLT2 mediated chemotherapy resistance, tumor promotion and metastasis are also discussed. This new information points to a paradigm shift in our understanding of the LTB4 pathways in cancer.
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Breedveld A, Groot Kormelink T, van Egmond M, de Jong EC. Granulocytes as modulators of dendritic cell function. J Leukoc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0217-048rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wang HB, Akuthota P, Kanaoka Y, Weller PF. Airway eosinophil migration into lymph nodes in mice depends on leukotriene C 4. Allergy 2017; 72:927-936. [PMID: 27874209 DOI: 10.1111/all.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated in mice that airway eosinophils traffic from the airway lumen into lung-draining paratracheal lymph nodes. However, mechanisms whereby eosinophils traverse from the lungs and home to paratracheal lymph nodes remain unclear. We investigated roles of cysteinyl leukotrienes in mediating eosinophil trafficking from lungs to paratracheal lymph nodes. METHODS The expression of CCR7 was determined by flow cytometry. Transwell assays were used to test chemotactic responses of leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient and control airway eosinophils to the chemokine CCL19 ex vivo. Eosinophils from the spleens of IL-5 transgenic mice, fluorescently labeled ex vivo, were intratracheally injected into ovalbumin-sensitized and ovalbumin aerosol-challenged leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient and control mice. Eosinophils were identified by microscopy and flow cytometry in the lungs and paratracheal lymph nodes. RESULTS Mouse eosinophils expressed CCR7, the receptor for CCL19, and responded chemotactically to CCL19. Leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient eosinophils exhibited impaired chemotaxis to CCL19 that was restored by exogenous leukotriene C4 . The migration of intratracheally injected eosinophils into paratracheal lymph nodes from distal alveolar lung was diminished in leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, with increased retention of eosinophils in the lungs of leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient mice. Exogenous administration of leukotriene C4 restored trafficking of eosinophils to paratracheal lymph nodes in leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that cysteinyl leukotrienes are involved in regulating airway and lung eosinophil migration into paratracheal lymph nodes identify previously unrecognized roles for the cysteinyl leukotrienes in regulating the pulmonary trafficking of eosinophils in experimental allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-B. Wang
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - P. Akuthota
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - Y. Kanaoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - P. F. Weller
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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25
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Apaya MK, Chang MT, Shyur LF. Phytomedicine polypharmacology: Cancer therapy through modulating the tumor microenvironment and oxylipin dynamics. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:58-68. [PMID: 26969215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrative approaches in cancer therapy have recently been extended beyond the induction of cytotoxicity to controlling the tumor microenvironment and modulating inflammatory cascades and pathways such as lipid mediator biosynthesis and their dynamics. Profiling of important lipid messengers, such as oxylipins, produced as part of the physiological response to pharmacological stimuli, provides a unique opportunity to explore drug pharmacology and the possibilities for molecular management of cancer physiopathology. Whereas single targeted chemotherapeutic drugs commonly lack efficacy and invoke drug resistance and/or adverse effects in cancer patients, traditional herbal medicines are seen as bright prospects for treating complex diseases, such as cancers, in a systematic and holistic manner. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of traditional medicine and its bioactive chemical constituents may aid the modernization of herbal remedies and the discovery of novel phytoagents for cancer management. In this review, systems-based polypharmacology and studies to develop multi-target drugs or leads from phytomedicines and their derived natural products that may overcome the problems of current anti-cancer drugs, are proposed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karmella Apaya
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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Nakaya HI, Pulendran B. Vaccinology in the era of high-throughput biology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0146. [PMID: 25964458 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been tremendously successful saving lives and preventing infections. However, the development of vaccines against global pandemics such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis has been obstructed by several challenges. A major challenge is the lack of knowledge about the correlates and mechanisms of protective immunity. Recent advances in the application of systems biological approaches to analyse immune responses to vaccination in humans are beginning to yield new insights about mechanisms of vaccine immunity, and to define molecular signatures, induced rapidly after vaccination, that correlate with and predict vaccine induced immunity. Here, we review these advances and discuss the potential of this systems vaccinology approach in defining novel correlates of protection in clinical trials, and in infection-induced 'experimental challenge models' in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder I Nakaya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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27
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Li S, Dunlop AL, Jones DP, Corwin EJ. High-Resolution Metabolomics: Review of the Field and Implications for Nursing Science and the Study of Preterm Birth. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:12-22. [PMID: 26183181 PMCID: PMC4684995 DOI: 10.1177/1099800415595463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Most complex health conditions do not have a single etiology but rather develop from exposure to multiple risk factors that interact to influence individual susceptibility. In this review, we discuss the emerging field of metabolomics as a means by which metabolic pathways underlying a disease etiology can be exposed and specific metabolites can be identified and linked, ultimately providing biomarkers for early detection of disease onset and new strategies for intervention. We present the theoretical foundation of metabolomics research, the current methods employed in its conduct, and the overlap of metabolomics research with other "omic" approaches. As an exemplar, we discuss the potential of metabolomics research in the context of deciphering the complex interactions of the maternal-fetal exposures that underlie the risk of preterm birth, a condition that accounts for substantial portions of infant morbidity and mortality and whose etiology and pathophysiology remain incompletely defined. We conclude by providing strategies for including metabolomics research in future nursing studies for the advancement of nursing science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Corwin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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28
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Shao J, Stout I, Volger OL, Hendriksen PJM, van Loveren H, Peijnenburg AACM. Inhibition of CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis of Jurkat cells by direct immunotoxicants. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1685-94. [PMID: 26314263 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Directional migration of cells to specific locations is required in tissue development, wound healing, and immune responses. Immune cell migration plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Chemokines are small pro-inflammatory chemoattractants that control the migration of leukocytes. In addition, they are also involved in other immune processes such as lymphocyte development and immune pathology. In a previous toxicogenomics study using the Jurkat T cell line, we have shown that the model immunotoxicant TBTO inhibited chemotaxis toward the chemokine CXCL12. In the present work, we aimed at assessing a novel approach to detecting chemicals that affect the process of cell migration. For this, we first evaluated the effects of 31 chemicals on mRNA expression of genes that are known to be related to cell migration. With this analysis, seven immunotoxicants were identified as potential chemotaxis modulators, of which five (CoCl2 80 µM, MeHg 1 µM, ochratoxin A 10 µM, S9-treated ochratoxin A 10 µM, and TBTO 100 nM) were confirmed as chemotaxis inhibitor in an in vitro trans-well chemotaxis assay using the chemokine CXCL12. The transcriptome data of the five compounds together with previously obtained protein phosphorylation profiles for two out of five compounds (i.e., ochratoxin A and TBTO) revealed that the mechanisms behind the chemotaxis inhibition are different for these immunotoxicants. Moreover, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin had no effect on the chemotaxis of Jurkat cells, indicating that the mTOR pathway is not involved in CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis of Jurkat cells, which is opposite to the findings on human primary T cells (Munk et al. in PLoS One 6(9):e24667, 2011). Thus, the results obtained from the chemotaxis assay conducted with Jurkat cells might not fully represent the results obtained with human primary T cells. Despite this difference, the present study indicated that some compounds may exert their immunotoxic effects through inhibition of CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shao
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stout
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar L Volger
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Hendriksen
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Loveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A C M Peijnenburg
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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29
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Lv J, Zou L, Zhao L, Yang W, Xiong Y, Li B, He R. Leukotriene B₄-leukotriene B₄ receptor axis promotes oxazolone-induced contact dermatitis by directing skin homing of neutrophils and CD8⁺ T cells. Immunology 2015; 146:50-8. [PMID: 25959240 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ) is a lipid mediator that is rapidly generated in inflammatory sites, and its functional receptor, BLT1, is mostly expressed on immune cells. Contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin oedema and abundant inflammatory infiltrates, primarily including neutrophils and CD8(+) T cells. The role of the LTB4 -BLT1 axis in contact dermatitis remains largely unknown. In this study, we found up-regulated gene expression of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene A4 hydrolase, two critical enzymes for LTB4 synthesis, BLT1 and elevated LTB4 levels in skin lesions of oxazolone (OXA)-induced contact dermatitis. BLT1 deficiency or blockade of LTB4 and BLT1 by the antagonists, bestatin and U-75302, respectively, in the elicitation phase caused significant decreases in ear swelling and skin-infiltrating neutrophils and CD8(+) T cells, which was accompanied by significantly reduced skin expression of CXCL1, CXCL2, interferon-γ and interleukin-1β. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion during the elicitation phase of OXA-induced contact dermatitis also caused significant decreases in ear swelling and CD8(+) T-cell infiltration accompanied by significantly decreased LTB4 synthesis and gene expression of CXCL2, interferon-γ and interleukin-1β. Importantly, subcutaneous injection of exogenous LTB4 restored the skin infiltration of CD8(+) T cells in neutrophil-depleted mice following OXA challenge. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the LTB4 -BLT1 axis contributes to OXA-induced contact dermatitis by mediating skin recruitment of neutrophils, which are a major source of LTB4 that sequentially direct CD8(+) T-cell homing to OXA-challenged skin. Hence, LTB4 and BLT1 could be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingluo Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingji Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Sozzani S, Del Prete A, Bonecchi R, Locati M. Chemokines as effector and target molecules in vascular biology. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:364-72. [PMID: 25969393 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are key mediators of inflammation. In pathological tissues, the main roles of chemokines are to regulate leucocyte accumulation through the activation of oriented cell migration and the activation of limited programs of gene transcription. Through these activities, chemokines exert many crucial functions, including the regulation of angiogenesis. The 'chemokine system' is tightly regulated at several levels, such as the post-transcriptional processing of ligands, the regulation of the expression and function of the receptors and through the expression of molecules known as 'atypical chemokine receptors', proteins that function as chemokine scavenging and presenting molecules. Several experimental evidence obtained in vitro, in animal models and in human studies, has defined a crucial role of chemokines in cardiovascular diseases. An intense area of research is currently exploring the possibility to develop new effective therapeutic strategies through the identification of chemokine receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Viale Europa, 11, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Viale Europa, 11, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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31
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Lee CH, Kim HK, Jeong JS, Lee YD, Jin ZW, Im SY, Lee HK. Mechanism of glutamine inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cPLA2 ): Evidence of physical interaction between glutamine-Induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and cPLA2. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:571-80. [PMID: 25599677 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-essential amino acid L-glutamine (Gln) possesses anti-inflammatory activity via deactivating cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ). We showed previously that Gln deactivated cPLA2 indirectly via dephosphorylating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the major kinase for cPLA2 phosphorylation, through inducing MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). In this study, we investigated the precise mechanism underlying Gln deactivation of cPLA2 . In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, Gln injection resulted in dephosphorylation of phosphorylated cPLA2 (p-cPLA2 ), which coincided with rapid Gln induction of MKP-1. MKP-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated the ability of Gln to induce MKP-1 as well as the dephosphorylation of cPLA2 . Co-immunoprecipitation and in-situ proximity ligation assay revealed a physical interaction between MKP-1 and p-cPLA2 . In a murine model of allergic asthma, we also demonstrated the physical interaction between MKP-1 and p-cPLA2 . Furthermore, Gln suppressed various allergic asthma phenotypes, such as neutrophil and eosinophil recruitments into the airway, airway levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13], airway hyperresponsiveness, mucin production and metabolites (leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor) through inhibiting cPLA2 in a MKP-1-dependent manner. These data suggest that MKP-1 uses cPLA2 , in addition to p38, as a substrate, which further potentiates the anti-inflammatory action of Gln.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - H-K Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - J-S Jeong
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Y-D Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Z Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, YanJi City, China
| | - S-Y Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H-K Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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32
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Sozzani S, Del Prete A. Chemokines as relay signals in human dendritic cell migration: serum amyloid A kicks off chemotaxis. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:40-3. [PMID: 25472709 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a response highly conserved in evolution. Chemotactic factors secreted in injured and inflamed tissues generate a concentration-based, chemotactic gradient that directs leukocytes from the blood compartment into tissue. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Gouwy et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45: 101-112] show that the SAA1α isoform of serum amyloid A (SAA), which is an acute phase protein upregulated in inflammation and shown to chemoattract some leukocyte subsets, is also able to chemoattract monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (DCs). The authors also show that the chemotactic activity of SAA1α for monocytes and DCs is indirectly mediated by rapid chemokine induction, providing evidence that proposes a new level of regulation of leukocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia and Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
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33
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Sharma RK, Chheda ZS, Jala VR, Haribabu B. Regulation of cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte trafficking to tumors by chemoattractants: implications for immunotherapy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:537-49. [PMID: 25482400 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.982101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as an important treatment modality. FDA approval of provenge, ipilimumab and pembrolizumab has started to deliver on the long awaited promise of cancer immunotherapy. Many new modalities of immunotherapies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) responses, such as adoptive cell therapies and vaccines, are in advanced clinical trials. In all these immunotherapies, migration of CTLs to the tumor site is a critical step for achieving therapeutic efficacy. However, inefficient infiltration of activated CTLs into established tumors is increasingly being recognized as one of the major hurdles limiting efficacy. Mechanisms that control migration of CTLs to tumors are poorly defined. In this review, the authors discuss the chemoattractants and their receptors that have been implicated in endogenous- or immunotherapy-induced CTL recruitment to tumors and the potential for targeting these pathways for therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Sharma
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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34
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Del Prete A, Luganini A, Scutera S, Rossi S, Anselmo A, Greco D, Landolfo S, Badolato R, Gribaudo G, Sozzani S, Musso T. Interferon-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells is dispensable for an effective anti-cytomegalovirus response in adaptor protein-3-deficient mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 35:232-8. [PMID: 25333950 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) is a heterotetrameric complex, which regulates vesicular trafficking. Mutations of the β3A subunit cause the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS-2), a rare genetic disease characterized by albinism, platelet defects, and recurrent infections. Likewise, pearl mice, which lack functional AP-3, show several HPS-2 defects. The AP-3 absence results in defective toll-like receptor trafficking and signaling in dendritic cells (DC), but its effect on the efficiency of the in vivo antiviral response is unclear. We evaluated the impact of AP-3 deficiency on the distribution of DC subsets, interferon (IFN) production, and the susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Pearl mice showed a distribution and frequency of conventional (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) similar to that of wild-type mice both before and after MCMV infection. Moreover, pearl mice controlled MCMV infection even at high virus doses and showed a normal production of IFN-α. Since pDC, but not cDC, from pearl mice showed an impaired IFN-α and tumor necrosis factor-α production in response to prototypic DNA (MCMV and Herpes Simplex virus) or RNA (Vesicular Stomatitis virus) viruses in vitro, it is likely that MCMV infection can be controlled in vivo independently of an efficient production of IFN-α by pDC, and that the AP-3 complex has a minimal impact on protective antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Del Prete
- 1 Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia, Italy
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35
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Min A, Lee YA, Kim KA, El-Benna J, Shin MH. NOX2-derived ROS-mediated surface translocation of BLT1 is essential for exocytosis in human eosinophils induced by LTB4. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 165:40-51. [PMID: 25323785 DOI: 10.1159/000366277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a proinflammatory lipid mediator that elicits eosinophil exocytosis, leading to allergic inflammation. However, the detailed intracellular signaling mechanisms of eosinophil exocytosis induced by LTB4 are poorly understood. Herein, we report that NADPH oxidase (NOX)2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated BLT1 migration to the cell surface is required for exocytosis in human eosinophils induced by LTB4. METHODS Peripheral blood eosinophils were purified and stimulated for up to 60 min with LTB4. The signaling role of NOX2-derived ROS in BLT1-dependent exocytosis in LTB4-stimulated eosinophils was investigated. RESULTS Stimulating eosinophils with LTB4 induced intracellular ROS production and surface upregulation of the exocytosis marker protein CD63 via BLT1-mediated signaling. LTB4 induced p47(phox) phosphorylation and 91(phox) expression required for NOX2 activation in a BLT1-dependent manner. Pretreatment with NOX2 inhibitors, but not mitochondria inhibitor, prevented LTB4-induced ROS generation and exocytosis. At 30 min after stimulation with LTB4, BLT1 expression at the cell surface was upregulated. LTB4-triggered surface upregulation of BLT1 was also blocked by inhibition of ROS generation with NOX2 inhibitors. Moreover, stimulation for 30 min with LTB4 resulted in the interaction of BLT1 with NOX2 by immunoprecipitation. LTB4-induced ROS generation, surface upregulation of BLT1 and exocytosis was also inhibited by pretreatment with a lipid raft disruptor, protein kinase C inhibitor, or Src kinase inhibitor. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NOX2-derived ROS-mediated BLT1 trafficking to the cell surface plays a key role in the exocytosis of human eosinophils induced by LTB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arim Min
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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Sadik CD, Sezin T, Kim ND. Leukotrienes orchestrating allergic skin inflammation. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:705-9. [PMID: 24433180 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes constitute a group of lipid mediators, which may be subdivided into two groups, with leukotriene B4 on the one hand and cysteinyl leukotrienes on the other. Although leukotrienes are abundantly expressed in skin affected by diverse chronic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid, their pathological roles in these diseases have remained elusive. Recent data now reveal that both leukotriene B4 and cysteinyl leukotrienes are indispensable in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, with leukotriene B4 initiating the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and TH 2 cells into the skin, and cysteinyl leukotrienes later inducing characteristic structural alterations of chronically affected skin, specifically skin fibrosis and keratinocyte proliferation. Thus, these results reveal a sequential cooperation of LTB4 and cysteinyl leukotrienes to initiate and perpetuate allergic skin inflammation. These new insights highlight leukotrienes as promising therapeutic targets in allergic skin inflammation and should encourage more research into the role of leukotrienes in other inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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37
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Protective role of 5-lipoxigenase during Leishmania infantum infection is associated with Th17 subset. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:264270. [PMID: 25309905 PMCID: PMC4189762 DOI: 10.1155/2014/264270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic and fatal disease caused by Leishmania infantum in Brazil. Leukocyte recruitment to infected tissue is a crucial event for the control of infections such as VL. Leucotriens are lipid mediators synthesized by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and they display a protective role against protozoan parasites by inducing several functions in leucocytes. We determined the role of 5-LO activity in parasite control, focusing on the inflammatory immune response against Leishmania infantum infection. LTB4 is released during in vitro infection. The genetic ablation of 5-LO promoted susceptibility in highly resistant mice strains, harboring more parasites into target organs. The susceptibility was related to the failure of neutrophil migration to the infectious foci. Investigating the neutrophil failure, there was a reduction of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the related Th17 axis released into the organs. Genetic ablation of 5-LO reduced the CD4(+)T cells producing IL-17, without interfering in Th1 subset. L. infantum failed to activate DC from 5-LO(-/-), showing reduced surface costimulatory molecule expression and proinflammatory cytokines involved in Th17 differentiation. BLT1 blockage with selective antagonist interferes with DC maturation and proinflammatory cytokines release. Thus, 5-LO activation coordinates the inflammatory immune response involved in the control of VL.
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38
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Kelvin AA, Degousee N, Banner D, Stefanski E, Leόn AJ, Angoulvant D, Paquette SG, Huang SSH, Danesh A, Robbins CS, Noyan H, Husain M, Lambeau G, Gelb M, Kelvin DJ, Rubin BB. Lack of group X secreted phospholipase A₂ increases survival following pandemic H1N1 influenza infection. Virology 2014; 454-455:78-92. [PMID: 24725934 PMCID: PMC4106042 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of Group X secreted phospholipase A2 (GX-sPLA2) during influenza infection has not been previously investigated. We examined the role of GX-sPLA2 during H1N1 pandemic influenza infection in a GX-sPLA2 gene targeted mouse (GX(-/-)) model and found that survival after infection was significantly greater in GX(-/-) mice than in GX(+/+) mice. Downstream products of GX-sPLA2 activity, PGD2, PGE2, LTB4, cysteinyl leukotrienes and Lipoxin A4 were significantly lower in GX(-/-) mice BAL fluid. Lung microarray analysis identified an earlier and more robust induction of T and B cell associated genes in GX(-/-) mice. Based on the central role of sPLA2 enzymes as key initiators of inflammatory processes, we propose that activation of GX-sPLA2 during H1N1pdm infection is an early step of pulmonary inflammation and its inhibition increases adaptive immunity and improves survival. Our findings suggest that GX-sPLA2 may be a potential therapeutic target during influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert Degousee
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Banner
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Stefanski
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto J Leόn
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- Division of Cardiology, Trousseau Hospital, Tours University Hospital Center and EA 4245, Francois Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane G Paquette
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen S H Huang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Danesh
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 2-Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hossein Noyan
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard Lambeau
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 CNRS and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Michael Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita׳ degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Barry B Rubin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gonzalvo-Feo S, Del Prete A, Pruenster M, Salvi V, Wang L, Sironi M, Bierschenk S, Sperandio M, Vecchi A, Sozzani S. Endothelial cell-derived chemerin promotes dendritic cell transmigration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2366-73. [PMID: 24470498 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ChemR23 is a chemotactic receptor expressed by APCs, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and NK cells. Chemerin, the ChemR23 ligand, was detected by immunohistochemistry, to be associated with inflamed endothelial cells in autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. This study reports that blood and lymphatic murine endothelial cells produce chemerin following retinoic acid stimulation. Conversely, proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and LPS, or calcitriol, are not effective. Retinoic acid-stimulated endothelial cells promoted dendritic cell adhesion under shear stress conditions and transmigration in a ChemR23-dependent manner. Activated endothelial cells upregulated the expression of the atypical chemotactic receptor CCRL2/ACKR5, a nonsignaling receptor able to bind and present chemerin to ChemR23(+) dendritic cells. Accordingly, activated endothelial cells expressed chemerin on the plasma membrane and promoted in a more efficient manner chemerin-dependent transmigration of dendritic cells. Finally, chemerin stimulation of myeloid dendritic cells induced the high-affinity binding of VCAM-1/CD106 Fc chimeric protein and promoted VCAM-1-dependent arrest to immobilized ligands under shear stress conditions. In conclusion, this study reports that retinoic acid-activated endothelial cells can promote myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell transmigration across endothelial cell monolayers through the endogenous production of chemerin, the upregulation of CCRL2, and the activation of dendritic cell β1 integrin affinity.
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Taking the lymphatic route: dendritic cell migration to draining lymph nodes. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:261-74. [PMID: 24402708 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to leukocyte migration through blood vessels, trafficking via lymphatic vessels (LVs) is much less well characterized. An important cell type migrating via this route is antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), which are key for the induction of protective immunity as well as for the maintenance of immunological tolerance. In this review, we will summarize and discuss current knowledge of the cellular and molecular events that control DC migration from the skin towards, into, and within LVs, followed by DC arrival and migration in draining lymph nodes. Finally, we will discuss potential strategies to therapeutically target this migratory step to modulate immune responses.
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Venalis P, Lundberg IE. Immune mechanisms in polymyositis and dermatomyositis and potential targets for therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:397-405. [PMID: 23970542 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PM and DM are characterized clinically by weakness and low endurance of skeletal muscle. Other organs are frequently involved, suggesting that idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are systemic inflammatory diseases. Involvement of immune mechanisms in IIMs is supported by the presence of T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in muscle tissue, by the presence of autoantibodies and by HLA-DR being a strong genetic risk factor. T cells may have direct and indirect toxic effects on muscle fibres, causing muscle fibre necrosis and muscle weakness, but the target of the immune reaction is not known. A newly identified T cell subset, CD28(null) T cells, may have cytotoxic effects in the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell phenotype. These cells are apoptosis resistant and may contribute to treatment resistance. Several myositis-specific autoantibodies have been identified, but they are all directed against ubiquitously expressed autoantigens and the specificity of the T cell reactivity is not known. These autoantibodies are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes and some with distinct molecular pathways; e.g. sera from patients with anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies may activate the type I IFN system and these sera also contain high levels of B cell activating factor compared with other IIM subsets. The characterization of patients into subgroups based on autoantibody profiles seems to be a promising way to learn more about the specificities of the immune reactions. Careful phenotyping of infiltrating immune cells in muscle tissue before and after specific therapies and relating the molecular findings to clinical outcome measures may be another way to improve knowledge on specific immune mechanism in IIMs. Such information will be important for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Venalis
- CMM Foundation, Karolinska University Hospital L8:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sharma RK, Chheda Z, Jala VR, Haribabu B. Expression of leukotriene B₄ receptor-1 on CD8⁺ T cells is required for their migration into tumors to elicit effective antitumor immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3462-70. [PMID: 23960231 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) receptor (BLT)1 is expressed on variety of immune cells and has been implicated as a mediator of diverse inflammatory diseases. However, whether biological responses initiated via this receptor generate tumor-promoting inflammation or antitumor immunity remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of BLT1 in antitumor immunity using syngeneic TC-1 cervical cancer model, and observed accelerated tumor growth and reduced survival in BLT1⁻/⁻ mice compared with BLT1⁺/⁺ mice. Analysis of the tumor infiltrates by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed a significant decrease in effector immune cells, most notably, CD8⁺ T cells and NK cells in the tumors of the BLT1⁻/⁻ mice. Gene expression profiling confirmed the dramatic decrease of IFN-γ, granzyme B, and IL-2 in tumors growing in BLT1⁻/⁻ mice. Furthermore, depletion of CD8⁺ T cells enhanced the tumor growth in BLT1⁺/⁺ but not in BLT1⁻/⁻ mice. However, similar levels of Ag-dependent CD8⁺ T cell-mediated killing activity were observed in spleens of BLT1⁺/⁺ and BLT1⁻/⁻ mice. Adoptive transfer of CD8⁺ T cells from tumor-bearing BLT1⁺/⁺ but not BLT1⁻/⁻ mice significantly reduced tumor growth and increased the survival of Rag2⁻/⁻ mice. Although the homeostatic proliferation and expression profiles of other chemokine receptors of adoptively transferred BLT1⁺/⁺ and BLT1⁻/⁻ CD8⁺ T cells appears to be similar, BLT1⁺/⁺ T lymphocytes entered the tumors in greater numbers. These results suggest that BLT1 expression on CD8⁺ T cells plays an important role in their trafficking to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Cho NK, Joo YC, Wei JD, Park JI, Kim JH. BLT2 is a pro-tumorigenic mediator during cancer progression and a therapeutic target for anti-cancer drug development. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:347-355. [PMID: 23977445 PMCID: PMC3744015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and has been linked to inflammation. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is synthesized from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway and is a potent chemoattractant for inflammatory cells. LTB4 was recently shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. Of the two known LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, the biological roles of the low-affinity LTB4 receptor 2, BLT2, have only recently been elucidated. This review focuses on recent discoveries regarding BLT2 and its roles in cancer progression and the downstream signaling mechanisms of the BLT2-linked signaling cascade in cancer cells. We believe that these findings will facilitate the development of new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kyu Cho
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Toki S, Goleniewska K, Huckabee MM, Zhou W, Newcomb DC, Fitzgerald GA, Lawson WE, Peebles RS. PGI₂ signaling inhibits antigen uptake and increases migration of immature dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:77-88. [PMID: 23625201 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PGI₂ signaling through IP inhibits allergen-induced inflammatory responses in mice. We reported previously that PGI₂ analogs decreased proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by mature BMDCs. However, whether PGI₂ modulates the function of immature DCs has not been investigated. We hypothesized that PGI2 negatively regulates immature DC function and investigated the effect of PGI2 analogs on immature BMDC antigen uptake and migration in vitro and in vivo. Immature BMDCs were obtained from WT and IPKO mice, both on a C57BL/6 background. The PGI2 analog cicaprost decreased FITC-OVA uptake by immature BMDCs. In addition, cicaprost increased immature BMDC podosome dissolution, pro-MMP-9 production, cell surface CCR7 expression, and chemotactic migration toward CCL19 and CCL21, as well as chemokinesis, in an IP-specific fashion. These in vitro results suggested that cicaprost promotes migration of immature DCs from mucosal surface to draining LNs. This concept was supported by the finding that migration of immature GFP⁺ BMDCs to draining LNs was enhanced by pretreatment with cicaprost. Further, migration of immature lung DCs labeled with PKH26 was enhanced by intranasal cicaprost administration. Our results suggest PGI2-IP signaling increases immature DC migration to the draining LNs and may represent a novel mechanism by which this eicosanoid inhibits immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toki
- Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave., T-1218 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
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Henderson WR, Ye X, Lai Y, Ni Z, Bollinger JG, Tien YT, Chi EY, Gelb MH. Key role of group v secreted phospholipase A2 in Th2 cytokine and dendritic cell-driven airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56172. [PMID: 23451035 PMCID: PMC3581544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous work has shown that disruption of the gene for group X secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-X) markedly diminishes airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in a mouse asthma model. With the large number of additional sPLA2s in the mammalian genome, the involvement of other sPLA2s in the asthma model is possible – in particular, the group V sPLA2 (sPLA2-V) that like sPLA2-X is highly active at hydrolyzing membranes of mammalian cells. Methodology and Principal Findings The allergen-driven asthma phenotype was significantly reduced in sPLA2-V-deficient mice but to a lesser extent than observed previously in sPLA2-X-deficient mice. The most striking difference observed between the sPLA2-V and sPLA2-X knockouts was the significant impairment of the primary immune response to the allergen ovalbumin (OVA) in the sPLA2-V−/− mice. The impairment in eicosanoid generation and dendritic cell activation in sPLA2-V−/− mice diminishes Th2 cytokine responses in the airways. Conclusions This paper illustrates the diverse roles of sPLA2s in the immunopathogenesis of the asthma phenotype and directs attention to developing specific inhibitors of sPLA2-V as a potential new therapy to treat asthma and other allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Henderson
- Center for Allergy and Inflammation, UW Medicine at South Lake Union, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
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Di Gennaro A, Haeggström JZ. The leukotrienes: immune-modulating lipid mediators of disease. Adv Immunol 2013; 116:51-92. [PMID: 23063073 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394300-2.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The leukotrienes are important lipid mediators with immune modulatory and proinflammatory properties. Classical bioactions of leukotrienes include chemotaxis, endothelial adherence, and activation of leukocytes, chemokine production, as well as contraction of smooth muscles in the microcirculation and respiratory tract. When formed in excess, these compounds play a pathogenic role in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. An increasing number of diseases have been linked to inflammation implicating the leukotrienes as potential mediators. For example, recent investigations using genetic, morphological, and biochemical approaches have pointed to the involvement of leukotrienes in cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Moreover, new insights have changed our previous notion of leukotrienes as mediators of inflammatory reactions to molecules that can fine-tune the innate and adaptive immune response. Here, we review the most recent understanding of the leukotriene cascade with emphasis on recently identified roles in immune reactions and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Gennaro
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Innate immunity modulation by the IL-33/ST2 system in intestinal mucosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:142492. [PMID: 23484079 PMCID: PMC3591220 DOI: 10.1155/2013/142492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity prevents pathogens from entering and spreading within the body. This function is especially important in the gastrointestinal tract and skin, as these organs have a large surface contact area with the outside environment. In the intestine, luminal commensal bacteria are necessary for adequate food digestion and play a crucial role in tolerance to benign antigens. Immune system damage can create an intestinal inflammatory response, leading to chronic disease including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an IBD of unknown etiology with increasing worldwide prevalence. In the intestinal mucosa of UC patients, there is an imbalance in the IL-33/ST2 axis, an important modulator of the innate immune response. This paper reviews the role of the IL-33/ST2 system in innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa and its importance in inflammatory bowel diseases, especially ulcerative colitis.
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Tanis VM, Bacani GM, Blevitt JM, Chrovian CC, Crawford S, De Leon A, Fourie AM, Gomez L, Grice CA, Herman K, Kearney AM, Landry-Bayle AM, Lee-Dutra A, Nelson J, Riley JP, Santillán A, Wiener JJ, Xue X, Young AL. Azabenzthiazole inhibitors of leukotriene A4 hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7504-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Inada T, Ueshima H, Shingu K. Intravenous anesthetic propofol suppresses leukotriene production in murine dendritic cells. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 10:262-9. [PMID: 22953970 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2012.712066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes, divided into cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), which are important mediators of asthmatic responses, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a chemotactic and chemokinetic agent for leukocytes, are potent lipid mediators generated from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Leukotrienes are also considered to have immunoregulatory and pro-inflammatory actions. Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic widely used for anesthesia and sedation that is alleged to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The present study examined the effect of propofol on leukotriene production by dendritic cells (DC). In murine bone marrow-derived DC, propofol significantly suppressed CysLT and LTB4 production after short-term stimulation with zymosan. The protein levels of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and 5-LO, or arachidonic acid release from plasma membranes, were not affected by the presence of propofol. Although zymosan treatment induced or enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p-38 MAPK, and JNK, which presumably up-regulates the activity of 5-LO, the presence of propofol had no additional effect on the phosphorylation status of any of these MAPKs. Similarly, zymosan significantly increased the concentration of intracellular calcium, which is the most crucial activator of 5-LO, but no additional concentration changes were observed with the addition of propofol. Lastly, in an in-vitro cell-free ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange assay, propofol significantly inhibited the 5-LO activity of purified human recombinant 5-LO enzyme with an IC50 of ~7.5 µM. Thus, propofol's inhibition of 5-LO is not likely restricted to the circumstances surrounding the production of leukotrienes from DC, but applicable to other types of immune and non-immune cells that produce leukotrienes. The 5-LO-inhibiting activity of propofol may, at least in part, contribute to the well-known anti-inflammatory activity of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Inada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
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Absence of LTB4/BLT1 axis facilitates generation of mouse GM-CSF-induced long-lasting antitumor immunologic memory by enhancing innate and adaptive immune systems. Blood 2012; 120:3444-54. [PMID: 22936657 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-383240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BLT1 is a high-affinity receptor for leukotriene B4 (LTB4) that is a potent lipid chemoattractant for myeloid leukocytes. The role of LTB4/BLT1 axis in tumor immunology, including cytokine-based tumor vaccine, however, remains unknown. We here demonstrated that BLT1-deficient mice rejected subcutaneous tumor challenge of GM-CSF gene-transduced WEHI3B (WGM) leukemia cells (KO/WGM) and elicited robust antitumor responses against second tumor challenge with WEHI3B cells. During GM-CSF-induced tumor regression, the defective LTB4/BLT1 signaling significantly reduced tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells, increased the maturation status of dendritic cells in tumor tissues, enhanced their CD4(+) T-cell stimulation capacity and migration rate of dendritic cells that had phagocytosed tumor-associated antigens into tumor-draining lymph nodes, suggesting a positive impact on GM-CSF-sensitized innate immunity. Furthermore, KO/WGM mice displayed activated adaptive immunity by attenuating regulatory CD4(+) T subsets and increasing numbers of Th17 and memory CD44(hi)CD4(+) T subsets, both of which elicited superior antitumor effects as evidenced by adoptive cell transfer. In vivo depletion assays also revealed that CD4(+) T cells were the main effectors of the persistent antitumor immunity. Our data collectively underscore a negative role of LTB4/BLT1 signaling in effective generation and maintenance of GM-CSF-induced antitumor memory CD4(+) T cells.
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