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Wang X, Guo Y, Cui T, Zhang T, Hu W, Liu R, Yin C. Telomerase reverse transcriptase restores pancreatic microcirculation profiles and attenuates endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial superoxide production: A potential target for acute pancreatitis therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115576. [PMID: 37776643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially lethal disease related to prominent microcirculation dysfunction. Pancreatic microvascular endothelial dysfunction enhances oxidative stress with tissue damage. Increased superoxide production disrupts endothelial junction integrity and increases endothelial permeability. Endothelial mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) represent a major intracellular source of superoxide anions. The non-canonical function of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) involves the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis in somatic tissues. METHODS We investigated whether TERT restores microcirculation dysfunction and attenuates the endothelium injury by inhibiting superoxide production during AP progression. We established TERT transgenic and TERT knock-down mice and used cerulein (CER) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections to induce AP models. In addition, we exposed HUVECs to LPS following TERT overexpression or silencing to explore the role of TERT in endothelial dysfunction. We also performed flow cytometry and confocal microscopy assays by using HUVECs. And a mtROS inhibitor, MitoTempo, was used to scavenge mitochondria superoxide and alkyl. RESULTS TERT transgenic mice were found to have restored pancreatic microcirculation profiles and microvascular endothelial morphology compared with wild-type mice under cerulein injection. In contrast, TERT silencing displayed the opposite effect in response to cerulein. Subsequently, we showed that TERT overexpression attenuates mtROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction during LPS-stimulated endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that TERT overexpression maintains the balance between mitochondrial contents and ATP level during endothelial dysfunction. In addition, the protective trend of MitoTempo is impeded after TERT silencing. CONCLUSION TERT restores pancreatic microcirculation dysfunction and attenuates microvascular endothelium lesions by inhibiting the increase of superoxide production and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weikai Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Wang F, McCulloh DH, Chan K, Wiltshire A, McCaffrey C, Grifo JA, Keefe DL. The Landscape of Telomere Length and Telomerase in Human Embryos at Blastocyst Stage. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1200. [PMID: 37372380 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The telomere length of human blastocysts exceeds that of oocytes and telomerase activity increases after zygotic activation, peaking at the blastocyst stage. Yet, it is unknown whether aneuploid human embryos at the blastocyst stage exhibit a different profile of telomere length, telomerase gene expression, and telomerase activity compared to euploid embryos. In present study, 154 cryopreserved human blastocysts, donated by consenting patients, were thawed and assayed for telomere length, telomerase gene expression, and telomerase activity using real-time PCR (qPCR) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Aneuploid blastocysts showed longer telomeres, higher telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mRNA expression, and lower telomerase activity compared to euploid blastocysts. The TERT protein was found in all tested embryos via IF staining with anti-hTERT antibody, regardless of ploidy status. Moreover, telomere length or telomerase gene expression did not differ in aneuploid blastocysts between chromosomal gain or loss. Our data demonstrate that telomerase is activated and telomeres are maintained in all human blastocyst stage embryos. The robust telomerase gene expression and telomere maintenance, even in aneuploid human blastocysts, may explain why extended in vitro culture alone is insufficient to cull out aneuploid embryos during in vitro fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- NYU Langone Fertility Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Grossman, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Kasey Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Grossman, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | | | - James A Grifo
- NYU Langone Fertility Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - David L Keefe
- NYU Langone Fertility Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Grossman, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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3
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Yeh TJ, Luo CW, Du JS, Huang CT, Wang MH, Chuang TM, Gau YC, Cho SF, Liu YC, Hsiao HH, Chen LT, Pan MR, Wang HC, Moi SH. Deciphering the Functions of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Head and Neck Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:691. [PMID: 36979671 PMCID: PMC10044978 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are among the ten leading malignancies worldwide. Despite significant progress in all therapeutic modalities, predictive biomarkers, and targeted therapies for HNCs are limited and the survival rate is unsatisfactory. The importance of telomere maintenance via telomerase reactivation in carcinogenesis has been demonstrated in recent decades. Several mechanisms could activate telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the most common of which is promoter alternation. Two major hotspot TERT promoter mutations (C228T and C250T) have been reported in different malignancies such as melanoma, genitourinary cancers, CNS tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, thyroid cancers, sarcomas, and HNCs. The frequencies of TERT promoter mutations vary widely across tumors and is quite high in HNCs (11.9-64.7%). These mutations have been reported to be more enriched in oral cavity SCCs and HPV-negative tumors. The association between TERT promoter mutations and poor survival has also been demonstrated. Till now, several therapeutic strategies targeting telomerase have been developed although only a few drugs have been used in clinical trials. Here, we briefly review and summarize our current understanding and evidence of TERT promoter mutations in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jang Yeh
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiun Du
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tzu Huang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hung Wang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Ming Chuang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Gau
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Cho
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Wang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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The hTERT-p50 homodimer inhibits PLEKHA7 expression to promote gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. Oncogene 2023; 42:1144-1156. [PMID: 36823376 PMCID: PMC10063444 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence has highlighted the molecular mechanisms by which hTERT promotes tumour cell invasion and metastasis, the molecular mechanisms of the properties enabling hTERT to contribute to invasion and metastasis have not been clearly illustrated. Here, we report that hTERT promotes gastric cancer invasion and metastasis by recruiting p50 to synergistically inhibit PLEKHA7 expression. We observed that the expression of PLEKHA7 in gastric cancer was significantly negatively associated with the TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis and that decreased PLEKHA7 expression dramatically increased invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer cells. Further mechanistic research showed that hTERT directly regulates PLEKHA7 expression by binding p50 and recruiting the hTERT/p50 complex to the PLEKHA7 promoter. Increased hTERT dramatically decreased PLEKHA7 expression and promoted invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer cells. The hTERT-mediated invasion/metastasis properties at least partially depended on PLEKHA7. Our work uncovers a novel molecular mechanism underlying invasion/metastasis in gastric cancer orchestrated by hTERT and p50.
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Emerging Evidence of the Significance of Thioredoxin-1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071291. [PMID: 35883782 PMCID: PMC9312246 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States is undergoing a demographic shift towards an older population with profound economic, social, and healthcare implications. The number of Americans aged 65 and older will reach 80 million by 2040. The shift will be even more dramatic in the extremes of age, with a projected 400% increase in the population over 85 years old in the next two decades. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ageing is crucial to reduce ageing-associated disease and to improve the quality of life for the elderly. In this review, we summarized the changes associated with the ageing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and what is known about some of the key underlying cellular and molecular pathways. We focus here on the effects of reactive oxygen species and the thioredoxin redox homeostasis system on ageing biology in HSCs and the HSC microenvironment. We present additional data from our lab demonstrating the key role of thioredoxin-1 in regulating HSC ageing.
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6
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Morganti C, Ito K. Mitochondrial Contributions to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11117. [PMID: 34681777 PMCID: PMC8537916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion are two hallmarks of aging. In the hematopoietic system, aging is linked to imbalanced immune response and reduced regenerative capacity in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as well as an increased predisposition to a spectrum of diseases, including myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Myeloid-biased differentiation and loss of polarity are distinct features of aged HSCs, which generally exhibit enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting a direct role for mitochondria in the degenerative process. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge of the mitochondrial mechanisms that contribute to age-related phenotypes in HSCs. These include mitochondrial ROS production, alteration/activation of mitochondrial metabolism, the quality control pathway of mitochondria, and inflammation. Greater understanding of the key machineries of HSC aging will allow us to identify new therapeutic targets for preventing, delaying, or even reversing aspects of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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7
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Samimi A, Khodayar MJ, Alidadi H, Khodadi E. The Dual Role of ROS in Hematological Malignancies: Stem Cell Protection and Cancer Cell Metastasis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:262-275. [PMID: 31912368 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial role in hematopoiesis, regulation of differentiation, self-renewal, and the balance between quiescence and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The HSCs are a small population of undifferentiated cells that reside in the bone marrow (BM) and can undergo self-renewal by giving rise to mature cells. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search (2000-2019) of English-language papers using the following terms: reactive oxygen species, hematopoietic stem cell, leukemic stem cell, leukemia and chemotherapy. RESULTS HSCs are very sensitive to high levels of ROS and increased production of ROS have been attributed to HSC aging. HSC aging induced by both cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors is linked to impaired HSC self-renewal and regeneration. In addition, the elevated ROS levels might even trigger differentiation of Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and ROS may be involved in the initiation and progression of hematological malignancies, such as leukemia. CONCLUSION Targeting genes involved in ROS in LSCs and HSCs are increasingly being used as a critical target for therapeutic interventions. Appropriate concentration of ROS may be an optimal therapeutic target for treatment of leukemia during chemotherapy, but still more studies are required to better understanding of the of ROS role in blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Samimi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Legal Medicine Organization, Legal Medicine Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadis Alidadi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elahe Khodadi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Ming J, Liu W, Wu H, Li Y, Yang E, Wang Z, Xiao H, Quan R, Hu X. The active ingredients and mechanisms of Longchai Jiangxue Formula in treating PV, based on UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, systematic pharmacology, and molecular biology validation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111767. [PMID: 34058439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycythemia vera (PV) is a refractory hematological disease that lack of effective therapy. Chinese traditional medicine Longchai Jiangxue formula (LCJX) has showed the powerful effects on PV. However, the active ingredients and mechanisms of this formula have not been elucidated. We explored the active ingredients and mechanisms of LCJX for treating PV. METHODS The chemical constituents of LCJX were qualitatively analyzed by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS. On this basis, the TCMSP, ETCM, PubChem BioAssay and ChEMBL databases were searched to predict the potential targets of chemical components of LCJX. Then Genecards, GEO, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases were used to retrieve data of targets related to PV. Drug-disease-target network and protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network were built. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. Finally, Molecular docking, CCK-8 assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and western blot were processed so as to screen the active components related to PV and elucidate its mechanisms. RESULTS A total of 84 compounds were identified from LCJX by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS. After removed duplicate items, there were 143 targets linked to both disease and drugs. Crucial genes, such as MTOR, HIF1A, JAK2, VEGFA, STAT3, AKT1, TERT, MAPK1, were shown in PPI network. GO enrichment indicated that oxidative stress process, tyrosine kinase activity and phosphatase binding function, and cell membrane structure were in reference to LCJX against PV. KEGG enrichment showed that JAK-STAT signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, were put in an important position of the treatment. Furthermore, Molecular docking, CCK-8 assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and western blot technique proved the therapeutic effect of Saikosaponin A, main ingredient of LCJX. CONCLUSION This study, combined with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology and molecular biology, provides a reference for the identification of effective components, screening of quality markers and analysis of its action mechanism of LCJX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ming
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Postdoctoral Research Programme of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Weiyi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing100700, China.
| | - Yujin Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Erpeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Richeng Quan
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Sorimachi Y, Karigane D, Ootomo Y, Kobayashi H, Morikawa T, Otsu K, Kubota Y, Okamoto S, Goda N, Takubo K. p38α plays differential roles in hematopoietic stem cell activity dependent on aging contexts. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100563. [PMID: 33745970 PMCID: PMC8065231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progeny sustain lifetime hematopoiesis. Aging alters HSC function, number, and composition and increases risk of hematological malignancies, but how these changes occur in HSCs remains unclear. Signaling via p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38MAPK) has been proposed as a candidate mechanism underlying induction of HSC aging. Here, using genetic models of both chronological and premature aging, we describe a multimodal role for p38α, the major p38MAPK isozyme in hematopoiesis, in HSC aging. We report that p38α regulates differentiation bias and sustains transplantation capacity of HSCs in the early phase of chronological aging. However, p38α decreased HSC transplantation capacity in the late progression phase of chronological aging. Furthermore, codeletion of p38α in mice deficient in ataxia–telangiectasia mutated, a model of premature aging, exacerbated aging-related HSC phenotypes seen in ataxia–telangiectasia mutated single-mutant mice. Overall, these studies provide new insight into multiple functions of p38MAPK, which both promotes and suppresses HSC aging context dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Sorimachi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Karigane
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukako Ootomo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morikawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Yuan S, Sun G, Zhang Y, Dong F, Cheng H, Cheng T. Understanding the "SMART" features of hematopoietic stem cells and beyond. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:2030-2044. [PMID: 34341896 PMCID: PMC8328818 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the huge success of bone marrow transplantation technology in clinical practice, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have become the gold standard for defining the properties of adult stem cells (ASCs). Here, we describe the "self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, apoptosis, rest, and trafficking" or "SMART" model, which has been developed based on data derived from studies of HSCs as the most well-characterized stem cell type. Given the potential therapeutic applications of ASCs, we delineate the key characteristics of HSCs using this model and speculate on the physiological relevance of stem cells identified in other tissues. Great strides are being made in understanding the biology of ASCs, and efforts are now underway to develop safe and effective ASC-based therapies in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Yuan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Guohuan Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Fang Dong
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Hui Cheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Tao Cheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
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11
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Guterres AN, Villanueva J. Targeting telomerase for cancer therapy. Oncogene 2020; 39:5811-5824. [PMID: 32733068 PMCID: PMC7678952 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Telomere maintenance via telomerase reactivation is a nearly universal hallmark of cancer cells which enables replicative immortality. In contrast, telomerase activity is silenced in most adult somatic cells. Thus, telomerase represents an attractive target for highly selective cancer therapeutics. However, development of telomerase inhibitors has been challenging and thus far there are no clinically approved strategies exploiting this cancer target. The discovery of prevalent mutations in the TERT promoter region in many cancers and recent advances in telomerase biology has led to a renewed interest in targeting this enzyme. Here we discuss recent efforts targeting telomerase, including immunotherapies and direct telomerase inhibitors, as well as emerging approaches such as targeting TERT gene expression driven by TERT promoter mutations. We also address some of the challenges to telomerase-directed therapies including potential therapeutic resistance and considerations for future therapeutic applications and translation into the clinical setting. Although much work remains to be done, effective strategies targeting telomerase will have a transformative impact for cancer therapy and the prospect of clinically effective drugs is boosted by recent advances in structural models of human telomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Guterres
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessie Villanueva
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Wu L, Fidan K, Um JY, Ahn KS. Telomerase: Key regulator of inflammation and cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104726. [PMID: 32109579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The telomerase holoenzyme, which has a highly conserved role in maintaining telomere length, has long been regarded as a high-profile target in cancer therapy due to the high dependency of the majority of cancer cells on constitutive and elevated telomerase activity for sustained proliferation and immortality. In this review, we present the salient findings in the telomerase field with special focus on the association of telomerase with inflammation and cancer. The elucidation of extra-telomeric roles of telomerase in inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cancer development further complicated the design of anti-telomerase therapy. Of note, the discovery of the unique mechanism that underlies reactivation of the dormant telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT promoter in somatic cells not only enhanced our understanding of the critical role of TERT in carcinogenesis but also opens up new intervention ideas that enable the differential targeting of cancer cells only. Despite significant effort invested in developing telomerase-targeted therapeutics, devising efficacious cancer-specific telomerase/TERT inhibitors remains an uphill task. The latest discoveries of the telomere-independent functionalities of telomerase in inflammation and cancer can help illuminate the path of developing specific anti-telomerase/TERT therapeutics against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Kerem Fidan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #47, Kyungheedae-gil, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #47, Kyungheedae-gil, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Perera ON, Sobinoff AP, Teber ET, Harman A, Maritz MF, Yang SF, Pickett HA, Cesare AJ, Arthur JW, MacKenzie KL, Bryan TM. Telomerase promotes formation of a telomere protective complex in cancer cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav4409. [PMID: 31616780 PMCID: PMC6774720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes addition of telomeric DNA repeats to maintain telomeres in replicating cells. Here, we demonstrate that the telomerase protein hTERT performs an additional role at telomeres that is independent of telomerase catalytic activity yet essential for telomere integrity and cell proliferation. Short-term depletion of endogenous hTERT reduced the levels of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70-1) and the telomere protective protein Apollo at telomeres, and induced telomere deprotection and cell cycle arrest, in the absence of telomere shortening. Short-term expression of hTERT promoted colocalization of Hsp70-1 with telomeres and Apollo and reduced numbers of deprotected telomeres, in a manner independent of telomerase catalytic activity. These data reveal a previously unidentified noncanonical function of hTERT that promotes formation of a telomere protective complex containing Hsp70-1 and Apollo and is essential for sustained proliferation of telomerase-positive cancer cells, likely contributing to the known cancer-promoting effects of both hTERT and Hsp70-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omesha N. Perera
- Cell Biology Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Alexander P. Sobinoff
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Erdahl T. Teber
- Bioinformatics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ashley Harman
- Cell Biology Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Michelle F. Maritz
- Children’s Cancer Institute, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of NSW, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sile F. Yang
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Hilda A. Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Cesare
- Genome Integrity Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jonathan W. Arthur
- Bioinformatics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Karen L. MacKenzie
- Children’s Cancer Institute, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of NSW, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tracy M. Bryan
- Cell Biology Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Lee DA. Cellular therapy: Adoptive immunotherapy with expanded natural killer cells. Immunol Rev 2019; 290:85-99. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean A. Lee
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
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15
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Wang J, Zhang MY, Xu SQ, Cheng J, Yu ZJ, Hu XM. Down-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase-related anti-apoptotic function in a rat model of acrylamide induced neurobehavioral deficits. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:512-518. [PMID: 29926741 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1471523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the precise mechanism is unknown, neuron apoptosis is believed to participate in neuropathy caused by acrylamide (ACR). Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) exhibits an anti-apoptotic function, but its contribution to the pathogenesis of ACR neurotoxicity is unclear. We investigated adult male rats that were given 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg ACR three times/week for 4 weeks. We found that ACR treatment caused significant deficits in sensory/motor function as measured by gait score, landing foot spread distance, movement initiation test and tail immersion test. Histological examination showed that the cerebral cortex in all ACR treated animals exhibited fewer neurons and more condensed nuclei than normal cortex. A significant increase in apoptosis was found in the cerebral cortex of rat brains subjected to ACR treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of TERT in the brain was significantly reduced by ACR treatment. The pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 protein level was increased, while the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein level was decreased by 30 - 50 mg/kg ACR. Our findings indicate that TERT and its downstream regulators of neuron apoptosis, including Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3, were involved in ACR neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - M Y Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - S Q Xu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - J Cheng
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - Z J Yu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan
| | - X M Hu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,b Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan.,c College of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences , Shanghai , China
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Park JS, Jeon HJ, Pyo JH, Kim YS, Yoo MA. Deficiency in DNA damage response of enterocytes accelerates intestinal stem cell aging in Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:322-338. [PMID: 29514136 PMCID: PMC5892683 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is closely linked to tissue and organismal aging and age-related diseases, and heavily influenced by the niche cells' environment. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a key pathway for tissue degeneration and organismal aging; however, the precise protective role of DDR in stem cell/niche aging is unclear. The Drosophila midgut is an excellent model to study the biology of stem cell/niche aging because of its easy genetic manipulation and its short lifespan. Here, we showed that deficiency of DDR in Drosophila enterocytes (ECs) accelerates intestinal stem cell (ISC) aging. We generated flies with knockdown of Mre11, Rad50, Nbs1, ATM, ATR, Chk1, and Chk2, which decrease the DDR system in ECs. EC-specific DDR depletion induced EC death, accelerated the aging of ISCs, as evidenced by ISC hyperproliferation, DNA damage accumulation, and increased centrosome amplification, and affected the adult fly's survival. Our data indicated a distinct effect of DDR depletion in stem or niche cells on tissue-resident stem cell proliferation. Our findings provide evidence of the essential role of DDR in protecting EC against ISC aging, thus providing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stem cell/niche aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Ho-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The activation of telomere maintenance pathways has long been regarded as a key hallmark of cancer and this has propelled the development of novel inhibitors of telomerase. In this review, we detail the background biology on telomere maintenance in health and disease, then concentrate on the recent preclinical and clinical development behind targeting telomerase in blood cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that imetelstat, a competitive inhibitor of telomerase, has activity in certain hematologic malignancies, in particular the myeloproliferative neoplasms and acute myeloid leukemia. SUMMARY Telomerase inhibition has shown remarkable efficacy in myeloid malignancies, and current and future preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to comprehensively investigate its underlying mechanism of action. Future work should identify the potential genetic susceptibilities to telomerase inhibition therapy, and evaluate rational combinations of telomerase inhibitors with chemotherapy and other novel agents. Robust preclinical evaluation is essential to best translate these new agents successfully into our clinical treatment algorithm for myeloid and other blood cancers.
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Jose SS, Bendickova K, Kepak T, Krenova Z, Fric J. Chronic Inflammation in Immune Aging: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptor Crosstalk with the Telomere Complex? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1078. [PMID: 28928745 PMCID: PMC5591428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in immunity is characterized by stem cell exhaustion, telomere shortening, and disruption of cell-to-cell communication, leading to increased patient risk of disease. Recent data have demonstrated that chronic inflammation exerts a strong influence on immune aging and is closely correlated with telomere length in a range of major pathologies. The current review discusses the impact of inflammation on immune aging, the likely molecular mediators of this process, and the various disease states that have been linked with immunosenescence. Emerging findings implicate NF-κB, the major driver of inflammatory signaling, in several processes that regulate telomere maintenance and/or telomerase activity. While prolonged triggering of pattern recognition receptors is now known to promote immunosenescence, it remains unclear how this process is linked with the telomere complex or telomerase activity. Indeed, enzymatic control of telomere length has been studied for many decades, but alternative roles of telomerase and potential influences on inflammatory responses are only now beginning to emerge. Crosstalk between these pathways may prove to be a key molecular mechanism of immunosenescence. Understanding how components of immune aging interact and modify host protection against pathogens and tumors will be essential for the design of new vaccines and therapies for a wide range of clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sushama Jose
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czechia
| | - Kamila Bendickova
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Kepak
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zdenka Krenova
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research (POTR), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Fric
- Cellular and Molecular Immunoregulation Group (CMI), Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Vasconcelos-Moreno MP, Fries GR, Gubert C, dos Santos BTMQ, Fijtman A, Sartori J, Ferrari P, Grun LK, Parisi MM, Guma FTCR, Barbé-Tuana FM, Kapczinski F, Rosa AR, Yatham LN, Kauer-Sant’Anna M. Telomere Length, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and BDNF Levels in Siblings of Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Implications for Accelerated Cellular Aging. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:445-454. [PMID: 28339618 PMCID: PMC5458375 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the existence of neurobiological trait abnormalities in individuals at genetic risk for bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to examine potential differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cytokines, oxidative stress, and telomere length markers between patients with bipolar disorder, their siblings, and healthy controls. METHODS Thirty-six patients with bipolar disorder type I, 39 siblings, and 44 healthy controls were assessed. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-C motif chemokine 11, C-C motif chemokine 24, and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured, as were the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase. Telomere length (T/S ratio) was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Telomere length was different between the 3 groups (P = .041) with both patients and siblings showing a shorter T/S ratio compared with healthy controls. Patients showed increased levels of interleukin-6 (P = .005) and interleukin-10 (P = .002) compared with controls as well as increased levels of interleukin-6 (p = 0.014) and CCL24 (P = .016) compared with their siblings. C-C motif chemokine 11 levels were increased in siblings compared with controls (P = .015), and a similar tendency was found in patients compared with controls (P = .045). Glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased in patients compared with controls (P = .006) and siblings (P = .025). No differences were found for the other markers. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that unaffected siblings may present accelerated aging features. These neurobiological findings may be considered as endophenotypic traits. Further prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Carolina Gubert
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Bárbara Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Adam Fijtman
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Juliana Sartori
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Pamela Ferrari
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Lucas Kich Grun
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Mariana Migliorini Parisi
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Fátima Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Florencia Maria Barbé-Tuana
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Adriane Ribeiro Rosa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
| | - Marcia Kauer-Sant’Anna
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital deClínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil (Drs Vasconcelos-Moreno, Rodrigo Fries, Tietböhl Martins Quadros dos Santos, Fijtman, and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, and Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Médicas – Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Drs Paiva Vasconcelos-Moreno and Sartori, Ms Ferrari, Drs Kapczinski, Ribeiro Rosa, and Kauer-Sant’Anna); Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Dr Rodrigo Fries and Ms Gubert); Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioinformática, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (Mr Kich Grun, Ms Migliorini Parisi, and Drs Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma and Barbé-Tuana); Mood Disorders Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (Dr Yatham)
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20
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Virtgaym E, Tremblay D, Iancu-Rubin C, Hoffman R, Mascarenhas J. Imetelstat for treatment of myelofibrosis. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1266934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Virtgaym
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D. Tremblay
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C. Iancu-Rubin
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. Hoffman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Endorf EB, Qing H, Aono J, Terami N, Doyon G, Hyzny E, Jones KL, Findeisen HM, Bruemmer D. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Deficiency Prevents Neointima Formation Through Chromatin Silencing of E2F1 Target Genes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:301-311. [PMID: 27932351 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in response to injury induces pathological vascular remodeling during atherosclerosis and neointima formation. Telomerase is rate limiting for tissue renewal and cell replication; however, the physiological role of telomerase in vascular diseases remains to be determined. The goal of the present study was to determine whether telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) affects proliferative vascular remodeling and to define the molecular mechanism by which TERT supports SMC proliferation. APPROACH AND RESULTS We first demonstrate high levels of TERT expression in replicating SMC of atherosclerotic and neointimal lesions. Using a model of guidewire-induced arterial injury, we demonstrate decreased neointima formation in TERT-deficient mice. Studies in SMC isolated from TERT-deficient and TERT overexpressing mice with normal telomere length established that TERT is necessary and sufficient for cell proliferation. TERT deficiency did not induce a senescent phenotype but resulted in G1 arrest albeit hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. This proliferative arrest was associated with stable silencing of the E2F1-dependent S-phase gene expression program and not reversed by ectopic overexpression of E2F1. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation and accessibility assays revealed that TERT is recruited to E2F1 target sites and promotes chromatin accessibility for E2F1 by facilitating the acquisition of permissive histone modifications. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a previously unrecognized role for TERT in neointima formation through epigenetic regulation of proliferative gene expression in SMC.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Binding Sites
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
- Disease Models, Animal
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Femoral Artery/enzymology
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Gene Silencing
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Neointima
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Telomerase/deficiency
- Telomerase/genetics
- Telomerase/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Vascular Remodeling
- Vascular System Injuries/enzymology
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Endorf
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (E.B.E., H.Q., J.A., K.L.J., H.M.F.); and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (N.T., G.D., E.H., D.B.)
| | - Hua Qing
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (E.B.E., H.Q., J.A., K.L.J., H.M.F.); and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (N.T., G.D., E.H., D.B.)
| | - Jun Aono
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (E.B.E., H.Q., J.A., K.L.J., H.M.F.); and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (N.T., G.D., E.H., D.B.)
| | - Naoto Terami
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (E.B.E., H.Q., J.A., K.L.J., H.M.F.); and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (N.T., G.D., E.H., D.B.)
| | - Geneviève Doyon
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (E.B.E., H.Q., J.A., K.L.J., H.M.F.); and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (N.T., G.D., E.H., D.B.)
| | - Eric Hyzny
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (E.B.E., H.Q., J.A., K.L.J., H.M.F.); and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (N.T., G.D., E.H., D.B.)
| | - Karrie L Jones
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (E.B.E., H.Q., J.A., K.L.J., H.M.F.); and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (N.T., G.D., E.H., D.B.)
| | - Hannes M Findeisen
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (E.B.E., H.Q., J.A., K.L.J., H.M.F.); and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (N.T., G.D., E.H., D.B.)
| | - Dennis Bruemmer
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (E.B.E., H.Q., J.A., K.L.J., H.M.F.); and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (N.T., G.D., E.H., D.B.).
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22
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Inoue S, Li WY, Tseng A, Beerman I, Elia AJ, Bendall SC, Lemonnier F, Kron KJ, Cescon DW, Hao Z, Lind EF, Takayama N, Planello AC, Shen SY, Shih AH, Larsen DM, Li Q, Snow BE, Wakeham A, Haight J, Gorrini C, Bassi C, Thu KL, Murakami K, Elford AR, Ueda T, Straley K, Yen KE, Melino G, Cimmino L, Aifantis I, Levine RL, De Carvalho DD, Lupien M, Rossi DJ, Nolan GP, Cairns RA, Mak TW. Mutant IDH1 Downregulates ATM and Alters DNA Repair and Sensitivity to DNA Damage Independent of TET2. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:337-348. [PMID: 27424808 PMCID: PMC5022794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 gene (IDH1) are common drivers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but their mechanism is not fully understood. It is thought that IDH1 mutants act by inhibiting TET2 to alter DNA methylation, but there are significant unexplained clinical differences between IDH1- and TET2-mutant diseases. We have discovered that mice expressing endogenous mutant IDH1 have reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in contrast to Tet2 knockout (TET2-KO) mice. Mutant IDH1 downregulates the DNA damage (DD) sensor ATM by altering histone methylation, leading to impaired DNA repair, increased sensitivity to DD, and reduced HSC self-renewal, independent of TET2. ATM expression is also decreased in human IDH1-mutated AML. These findings may have implications for treatment of IDH-mutant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Wanda Y Li
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alan Tseng
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 00133, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andrew J Elia
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - François Lemonnier
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ken J Kron
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Evan F Lind
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Naoya Takayama
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aline C Planello
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Shu Yi Shen
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alan H Shih
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Qinxi Li
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bryan E Snow
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andrew Wakeham
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jillian Haight
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Chiara Gorrini
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christian Bassi
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kiichi Murakami
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alisha R Elford
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Takeshi Ueda
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Disease Model Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | | | | | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 00133, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- The Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rob A Cairns
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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23
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Abstract
Telomerase activity is responsible for the maintenance of chromosome end structures (telomeres) and cancer cell immortality in most human malignancies, making telomerase an attractive therapeutic target. The rationale for targeting components of the telomerase holoenzyme has been strengthened by accumulating evidence indicating that these molecules have extra-telomeric functions in tumour cell survival and proliferation. This Review discusses current knowledge of the biogenesis, structure and multiple functions of telomerase-associated molecules intertwined with recent advances in drug discovery approaches. We also describe the fertile ground available for the pursuit of next-generation small-molecule inhibitors of telomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Arndt
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Karen L MacKenzie
- Personalised Medicine Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
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Low Doses of Oxygen Ion Irradiation Cause Acute Damage to Hematopoietic Cells in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158097. [PMID: 27367604 PMCID: PMC4930193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major health risks to astronauts is radiation on long-duration space missions. Space radiation from sun and galactic cosmic rays consists primarily of 85% protons, 14% helium nuclei and 1% high-energy high-charge (HZE) particles, such as oxygen (16O), carbon, silicon, and iron ions. HZE particles exhibit dense linear tracks of ionization associated with clustered DNA damage and often high relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Therefore, new knowledge of risks from HZE particle exposures must be obtained. In the present study, we investigated the acute effects of low doses of 16O irradiation on the hematopoietic system. Specifically, we exposed C57BL/6J mice to 0.1, 0.25 and 1.0 Gy whole body 16O (600 MeV/n) irradiation and examined the effects on peripheral blood (PB) cells, and bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) at two weeks after the exposure. The results showed that the numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and platelets were significantly decreased in PB after exposure to 1.0 Gy, but not to 0.1 or 0.25 Gy. However, both the frequency and number of HPCs and HSCs were reduced in a radiation dose-dependent manner in comparison to un-irradiated controls. Furthermore, HPCs and HSCs from irradiated mice exhibited a significant reduction in clonogenic function determined by the colony-forming and cobblestone area-forming cell assays. These acute adverse effects of 16O irradiation on HSCs coincided with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced cell cycle entry of quiescent HSCs, and increased DNA damage. However, none of the 16O exposures induced apoptosis in HSCs. These data suggest that exposure to low doses of 16O irradiation induces acute BM injury in a dose-dependent manner primarily via increasing ROS production, cell cycling, and DNA damage in HSCs. This finding may aid in developing novel strategies in the protection of the hematopoietic system from space radiation.
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Teichroeb JH, Kim J, Betts DH. The role of telomeres and telomerase reverse transcriptase isoforms in pluripotency induction and maintenance. RNA Biol 2016; 13:707-19. [PMID: 26786236 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1134413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are linear guanine-rich DNA structures at the ends of chromosomes. The length of telomeric DNA is actively regulated by a number of mechanisms in highly proliferative cells such as germ cells, cancer cells, and pluripotent stem cells. Telomeric DNA is synthesized by way of the ribonucleoprotein called telomerase containing a reverse transcriptase (TERT) subunit and RNA component (TERC). TERT is highly conserved across species and ubiquitously present in their respective pluripotent cells. Recent studies have uncovered intricate associations between telomeres and the self-renewal and differentiation properties of pluripotent stem cells. Interestingly, the past decade's work indicates that the TERT subunit also has the capacity to modulate mitochondrial function, to remodel chromatin structure, and to participate in key signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Many of these non-canonical functions do not require TERT's catalytic activity, which hints at possible functions for the extensive number of alternatively spliced TERT isoforms that are highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells. In this review, some of the established and potential routes of pluripotency induction and maintenance are highlighted from the perspectives of telomere maintenance, known TERT isoform functions and their complex regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Teichroeb
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry , The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Joohwan Kim
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry , The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Dean H Betts
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry , The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada.,b Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute , London , Ontario , Canada
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Yamashita M, Nitta E, Suda T. Regulation of hematopoietic stem cell integrity through p53 and its related factors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1370:45-54. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yamashita
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology; School of Medicine, Keio University; Tokyo Japan
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco California
| | - Eriko Nitta
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology; School of Medicine, Keio University; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- Department of Cell Differentiation, The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology; School of Medicine, Keio University; Tokyo Japan
- Cancer Science Institute; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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Go YY, Park MK, Kwon JY, Seo YR, Chae SW, Song JJ. Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Alteration in Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells Induced by Asian Sand Dust. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 8:345-53. [PMID: 26622952 PMCID: PMC4661249 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2015.8.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the gene expression profile of Asian sand dust (ASD)-treated human middle ear epithelial cell (HMEEC) using microarray analysis. METHODS The HMEEC was treated with ASD (400 µg/mL) and total RNA was extracted for microarray analysis. Molecular pathways among differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. For selected genes, the changes in gene expression were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A total of 1,274 genes were differentially expressed by ASD. Among them, 1,138 genes were 2 folds up-regulated, whereas 136 genes were 2 folds down-regulated. Up-regulated genes were mainly involved in cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Down-regulated genes affected cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. The 10 genes including ADM, CCL5, EDN1, EGR1, FOS, GHRL, JUN, SOCS3, TNF, and TNFSF10 were identified as main modulators in up-regulated genes. A total of 11 genes including CSF3, DKK1, FOSL1, FST, TERT, MMP13, PTHLH, SPRY2, TGFBR2, THBS1, and TIMP1 acted as main components of pathway associated with 2-fold down regulated genes. CONCLUSION We identified the differentially expressed genes in ASD-treated HMEEC. Our work indicates that air pollutant like ASD, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Go
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Young Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mosrati MA, Willander K, Falk IJ, Hermanson M, Höglund M, Stockelberg D, Wei Y, Lotfi K, Söderkvist P. Association between TERT promoter polymorphisms and acute myeloid leukemia risk and prognosis. Oncotarget 2015; 6:25109-20. [PMID: 26298771 PMCID: PMC4694818 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) promoter mutations are identified in many malignancies but not in hematological malignancies. Here we analyzed TERT and protection of telomeres 1 gene (POT1) mutations, and four different TERT SNVs in 226 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and 806 healthy individuals in a case referent design, where also overall survival was assessed. A significant association for increased risk of AML was found for TERT SNVs, rs2853669 (OR = 2.45, p = 0.00015) and rs2736100 (OR = 1.5, p = 0.03). The overall survival for patients with CC genotype of rs2853669 was significantly shorter compared to those with TT or TC genotypes (p = 0.036 and 0.029 respectively). The influence of TERT rs2853669 CC on survival was confirmed in multivariable Cox regression analysis as an independent risk biomarker in addition to high risk group, higher age and treatment. No hot spot TERT promoter mutations at -228C > T or -250C > T or POT1 mutations could be identified in this AML cohort. We show that rs2853669 CC may be a risk factor for the development of AML that may also be used as a prognostic marker to identify high risk normal karyotype-AML (NK-AML) patients, for treatment guidance.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Heterozygote
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Mutation
- Odds Ratio
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Risk Factors
- Telomerase/genetics
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Mosrati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Willander
- Department of Haematology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Jakobsen Falk
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Monica Hermanson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Höglund
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dick Stockelberg
- Section for Hematology and Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yuan Wei
- Section for Hematology and Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kourosh Lotfi
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Aspp1 Preserves Hematopoietic Stem Cell Pool Integrity and Prevents Malignant Transformation. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Feng W, Gentles A, Nair RV, Huang M, Lin Y, Lee CY, Cai S, Scheeren FA, Kuo AH, Diehn M. Targeting unique metabolic properties of breast tumor initiating cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1734-45. [PMID: 24497069 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Normal stem cells from a variety of tissues display unique metabolic properties compared to their more differentiated progeny. However, relatively little is known about metabolic properties of cancer stem cells, also called tumor initiating cells (TICs). In this study we show that, analogous to some normal stem cells, breast TICs have distinct metabolic properties compared to nontumorigenic cancer cells (NTCs). Transcriptome profiling using RNA-Seq revealed TICs underexpress genes involved in mitochondrial biology and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic analyses revealed TICs preferentially perform glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation compared to NTCs. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that decreased expression and activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdh), a key regulator of oxidative phosphorylation, plays a critical role in promoting the proglycolytic phenotype of TICs. Metabolic reprogramming via forced activation of Pdh preferentially eliminated TICs both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings reveal unique metabolic properties of TICs and demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming represents a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Feng
- Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
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31
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Dietary restriction ameliorates haematopoietic ageing independent of telomerase, whilst lack of telomerase and short telomeres exacerbates the ageing phenotype. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Metabolic requirements for the maintenance of self-renewing stem cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:243-56. [PMID: 24651542 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A distinctive feature of stem cells is their capacity to self-renew to maintain pluripotency. Studies of genetically-engineered mouse models and recent advances in metabolomic analysis, particularly in haematopoietic stem cells, have deepened our understanding of the contribution made by metabolic cues to the regulation of stem cell self-renewal. Many types of stem cells heavily rely on anaerobic glycolysis, and stem cell function is also regulated by bioenergetic signalling, the AKT-mTOR pathway, Gln metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. As maintenance of a stem cell pool requires a finely-tuned balance between self-renewal and differentiation, investigations into the molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways underlying these decisions hold great therapeutic promise.
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Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the protein component of telomerase and combined with an RNA molecule, telomerase RNA component, forms the telomerase enzyme responsible for telomere elongation. Telomerase is essential for maintaining telomere length from replicative attrition and thus contributes to the preservation of genome integrity. Although diverse mouse models have been developed and studied to prove the physiological roles of telomerase as a telomere- elongating enzyme, recent studies have revealed non-canonical TERT activities beyond telomeres. To gain insights into the physiological impact of extra-telomeric roles, this review revisits the strategies and phenotypes of telomerase mouse models in terms of the extra-telomeric functions of telomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Telomeres are the tips of chromosomes and consist of proteins and hexanucleotide tandem repeats of DNA. The DNA repeats are shortened at each mitotic division of normal cells, and the telomere length chronicles how many divisions the cell has undergone. Thus, telomere length is a marker of fundamental biological pathways. It has been possible to measure telomere length for more than 20 years, and it has been established that telomere length is associated with age, sex and lifestyle factors. Here, the current knowledge of telomere length as a biomarker of disease susceptibility and mortality will be reviewed. In addition, technical difficulties and the reasons why measurement of telomeres has still not been introduced into routine clinical practice will be discussed. Findings from recent studies conducted in many thousands of individuals indicate that telomere length is not-or at best only marginally-independently associated with risk of common disorders such as cardiovascular, pulmonary and neoplastic diseases. However, in sufficiently powered studies, short telomeres are repeatedly and independently found to be associated with increased risk of early death in the general population or in subsets of individuals. This indicates that measurement of telomeres could be a valuable prognostic biomarker in many clinical settings. However, whether short telomeres are a causal factor for or simply a marker of increased risk of early death must be determined. Finally, how Mendelian randomization studies could clarify this issue, and which clinical studies might be carried out to refine this very promising biomarker for routine clinical use will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Yamashita M, Nitta E, Nagamatsu G, Ikushima YM, Hosokawa K, Arai F, Suda T. Nucleostemin is indispensable for the maintenance and genetic stability of hematopoietic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cells of the immune system are replaced in large numbers throughout life, and the underlying mechanisms have been extensively studied. Whereas the pace of discovery in this area is unprecedented, many questions remain, particularly with respect to lymphocyte formation. RECENT FINDINGS While transcription factors have long been a focus of investigation, microRNAs are also being implicated in lymphopoiesis. Lymphocytes are normally replaced in correct proportion to other blood cells, but ratios change dramatically during infections. Long-standing issues relating to T versus B lineage divergence remain but have been enriched with remarkable new findings about thymus seeding. There are indications that at least some age-related changes in lymphopoiesis may be reversible. Finally, knowledge obtained from studies of mice is slowly being extended to humans. SUMMARY We can now appreciate that new lymphoid progenitors are drawn from a heterogeneous collection of hematopoietic stem cells through asynchronous patterns of gene expression. Complex interactions then occur between the gene products, preparing lymphoid progenitors to respond to environmental cues. Whereas unique markers describe the process of lymphocyte formation in humans, fundamental information now available should suggest ways to promote rebound from chemotherapy or transplantation and reverse declines associated with aging.
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Abstract
Stem cell ageing underlies the ageing of tissues, especially those with a high cellular turnover. There is growing evidence that the ageing of the immune system is initiated at the very top of the haematopoietic hierarchy and that the ageing of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) directly contributes to changes in the immune system, referred to as immunosenescence. In this Review, we summarize the phenotypes of ageing HSCs and discuss how the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms of HSC ageing might promote immunosenescence. Stem cell ageing has long been considered to be irreversible. However, recent findings indicate that several molecular pathways could be targeted to rejuvenate HSCs and thus to reverse some aspects of immunosenescence.
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38
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Telomerase directly regulates NF-κB-dependent transcription. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:1270-81. [PMID: 23159929 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although elongation of telomeres is thought to be the prime function of reactivated telomerase in cancers, this activity alone does not account for all of the properties that telomerase reactivation attributes to human cancer cells. Here, we uncover a link between telomerase and NF-κB, a master regulator of inflammation. We observe that while blocking NF-κB signalling can inhibit effects of telomerase overexpression on processes relevant to transformation, increasing NF-κB activity can functionally substitute for reduced telomerase activity. Telomerase directly regulates NF-κB-dependent gene expression by binding to the NF-κB p65 subunit and recruitment to a subset of NF-κB promoters such as those of IL-6 and TNF-α, cytokines that are critical for inflammation and cancer progression. As NF-κB can transcriptionally upregulate telomerase levels, our findings suggest that a feed-forward regulation between them could be the key mechanistic basis for the coexistence of chronic inflammation and sustained telomerase activity in human cancers.
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39
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Postnatal development, maturation and aging in the mouse cochlea and their effects on hair cell regeneration. Hear Res 2012; 297:68-83. [PMID: 23164734 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The organ of Corti in the mammalian inner ear is comprised of mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) and nonsensory supporting cells (SCs), both of which are believed to be terminally post-mitotic beyond late embryonic ages. Consequently, regeneration of HCs and SCs does not occur naturally in the adult mammalian cochlea, though recent evidence suggests that these cells may not be completely or irreversibly quiescent at earlier postnatal ages. Furthermore, regenerative processes can be induced by genetic and pharmacological manipulations, but, more and more reports suggest that regenerative potential declines as the organ of Corti continues to age. In numerous mammalian systems, such effects of aging on regenerative potential are well established. However, in the cochlea, the problem of regeneration has not been traditionally viewed as one of aging. This is an important consideration as current models are unable to elicit widespread regeneration or full recovery of function at adult ages yet regenerative therapies will need to be developed specifically for adult populations. Still, the advent of gene targeting and other genetic manipulations has established mice as critically important models for the study of cochlear development and HC regeneration and suggests that auditory HC regeneration in adult mammals may indeed be possible. Thus, this review will focus on the pursuit of regeneration in the postnatal and adult mouse cochlea and highlight processes that occur during postnatal development, maturation, and aging that could contribute to an age-related decline in regenerative potential. Second, we will draw upon the wealth of knowledge pertaining to age related senescence in tissues outside of the ear to synthesize new insights and potentially guide future research aimed at promoting HC regeneration in the adult cochlea.
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Koyanagi M, Makino N. Telomerase activity and telomere length distribution in vascular endothelial cells in a short-term culture under the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 13:774-82. [PMID: 22985061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the biological effects of oxidative stress on human vascular endothelial cells. METHODS The telomeric changes and the alterations of the expression of telomere-associated proteins in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) were analyzed. RESULTS During the culture, the cell growth rate decreased, whereas the telomerase activity of the surviving cells increased. As the H2 O2 level increased, long telomeres decreased proportionally, thus resulting in a telomere length distribution that was rich in short telomeres. These observations suggested that H2 O2 -affected endothelial cells bear telomeric features similar to those of aged cells. In contrast, the expression of telomere-associated proteins, TRF1 and TRF2, showed different changes. TRF1 increased in relation to H2 O2 concentration, whereas TRF2 showed no significant change. The surviving cells exposed to H2 O2 showed a H2 O2 -dose dependent increase in telomerase activity, whereas the telomere protein and RNA components were only elevated in low concentrations of H2 O2 . CONCLUSIONS The increase in telomerase activity and TRF1 protein expression of vascular endothelial cell might show an aspect of cellular protective reaction against oxygen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Geriatric Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan.
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Alternatively spliced telomerase reverse transcriptase variants lacking telomerase activity stimulate cell proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:4283-96. [PMID: 22907755 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00550-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight human and six chicken novel alternatively spliced (AS) variants of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were identified, including a human variant (Δ4-13) containing an in-frame deletion which removed exons 4 through 13, encoding the catalytic domain of telomerase. This variant was expressed in telomerase-negative normal cells and tissues as well as in transformed telomerase-positive cell lines and cells which employ an alternative method to maintain telomere length. The overexpression of the Δ4-13 variant significantly elevated the proliferation rates of several cell types without enhancing telomerase activity, while decreasing the endogenous expression of this variant by use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology reduced cell proliferation. The expression of the Δ4-13 variant stimulated Wnt signaling. In chicken cells, AS TERT variants containing internal deletions or insertions that eliminated or reduced telomerase activity also enhanced cell proliferation. This is the first report that naturally occurring AS TERT variants which lack telomerase activity stimulate cell proliferation.
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Kikuchi S, Kobune M, Iyama S, Sato T, Murase K, Kawano Y, Takada K, Ono K, Kaneko Y, Miyanishi K, Sato Y, Hayashi T, Takimoto R, Kato J. Improvement of iron-mediated oxidative DNA damage in patients with transfusion-dependent myelodysplastic syndrome by treatment with deferasirox. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:643-8. [PMID: 22705364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by dysplastic and ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenias, and a risk of leukemic transformation. Most MDS patients eventually require red blood cell (RBC) transfusions for anemia and consequently develop iron overload. Excess free iron in cells catalyzes generation of reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative stress, including oxidative DNA damage. However, it is uncertain how iron-mediated oxidative stress affects the pathophysiology of MDS. This study included MDS patients who visited our university hospital and affiliated hospitals (n=43). Among them, 13 patients received iron chelation therapy when their serum ferritin (SF) level was greater than 1000 ng/mL or they required more than 20 RBC transfusions (or 100 mL/kg of RBC). We prospectively analyzed 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from MDS patients before and after iron chelator, deferasirox, administration. We showed that the 8-OHdG levels in MDS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers and were positively correlated with SF and chromosomal abnormalities. Importantly, the 8-OHdG levels in PBMC of MDS patients significantly decreased after deferasirox administration, suggesting that iron chelation reduced oxidative DNA damage. Thus, excess iron could contribute to the pathophysiology of MDS and iron chelation therapy could improve the oxidative DNA damage in MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kikuchi
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Kogut I, Scholz JL, Cancro MP, Cambier JC. B cell maintenance and function in aging. Semin Immunol 2012; 24:342-9. [PMID: 22560930 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the changes that occur in the B lymphocyte compartment of mice and humans as they progress to old age, focusing on recent advances in this important area of research. Primary areas considered include increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly following infection, and decreased responsiveness to vaccines that evoke primary humoral immune responses, as well as those that evoke responses by memory B cells generated following vaccination and natural infection earlier in life. We then consider some of the mechanisms that may underlie these observed declines in humoral immune function. This includes a discussion of alterations in B cell repertoire and subcompartment distribution, as well as defects in B lymphopoiesis, cell development and homeostasis that may contribute to these alterations, and ultimately to declining protective quality of antibodies produced in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kogut
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Abstract
Tissue homeostasis over the life of an organism relies on both self-renewal and multipotent differentiation of stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a hypoxic bone marrow environment, and their metabolic status is distinct from that of their differentiated progeny. HSCs generate energy mainly via anaerobic metabolism by maintaining a high rate of glycolysis. This metabolic balance promotes HSC maintenance by limiting the production of reactive oxygen species, but leaves HSCs susceptible to changes in redox status. In this review, we discuss the importance of oxygen homeostasis and energy metabolism for maintenance of HSC function and long-term self-renewal.
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Kikuchi S, Kobune M, Iyama S, Sato T, Murase K, Kawano Y, Takada K, Ono K, Hayashi T, Miyanishi K, Sato Y, Takimoto R, Kato J. Prognostic significance of serum ferritin level at diagnosis in myelodysplastic syndrome. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:527-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mattiussi M, Tilman G, Lenglez S, Decottignies A. Human telomerase represses ROS-dependent cellular responses to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α without affecting NF-κB activation. Cell Signal 2012; 24:708-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Denman CJ, Senyukov VV, Somanchi SS, Phatarpekar PV, Kopp LM, Johnson JL, Singh H, Hurton L, Maiti SN, Huls MH, Champlin RE, Cooper LJN, Lee DA. Membrane-bound IL-21 promotes sustained ex vivo proliferation of human natural killer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30264. [PMID: 22279576 PMCID: PMC3261192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells have therapeutic potential for a wide variety of human malignancies. However, because NK cells expand poorly in vitro, have limited life spans in vivo, and represent a small fraction of peripheral white blood cells, obtaining sufficient cell numbers is the major obstacle for NK-cell immunotherapy. Genetically-engineered artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) expressing membrane-bound IL-15 (mbIL15) have been used to propagate clinical-grade NK cells for human trials of adoptive immunotherapy, but ex vivo proliferation has been limited by telomere shortening. We developed K562-based aAPCs with membrane-bound IL-21 (mbIL21) and assessed their ability to support human NK-cell proliferation. In contrast to mbIL15, mbIL21-expressing aAPCs promoted log-phase NK cell expansion without evidence of senescence for up to 6 weeks of culture. By day 21, parallel expansion of NK cells from 22 donors demonstrated a mean 47,967-fold expansion (median 31,747) when co-cultured with aAPCs expressing mbIL21 compared to 825-fold expansion (median 325) with mbIL15. Despite the significant increase in proliferation, mbIL21-expanded NK cells also showed a significant increase in telomere length compared to freshly obtained NK cells, suggesting a possible mechanism for their sustained proliferation. NK cells expanded with mbIL21 were similar in phenotype and cytotoxicity to those expanded with mbIL15, with retained donor KIR repertoires and high expression of NCRs, CD16, and NKG2D, but had superior cytokine secretion. The mbIL21-expanded NK cells showed increased transcription of the activating receptor CD160, but otherwise had remarkably similar mRNA expression profiles of the 96 genes assessed. mbIL21-expanded NK cells had significant cytotoxicity against all tumor cell lines tested, retained responsiveness to inhibitory KIR ligands, and demonstrated enhanced killing via antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Thus, aAPCs expressing mbIL21 promote improved proliferation of human NK cells with longer telomeres and less senescence, supporting their clinical use in propagating NK cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecele J. Denman
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vladimir V. Senyukov
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Srinivas S. Somanchi
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Prasad V. Phatarpekar
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Kopp
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Johnson
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harjeet Singh
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lenka Hurton
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sourindra N. Maiti
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - M. Helen Huls
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laurence J. N. Cooper
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dean A. Lee
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2012:646354. [PMID: 21977319 PMCID: PMC3184498 DOI: 10.1155/2012/646354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an intricate phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in physiological functions and increase in mortality that is often accompanied by many pathological diseases. Although aging is almost universally conserved among all organisms, the underlying molecular mechanisms of aging remain largely elusive. Many theories of aging have been proposed, including the free-radical and mitochondrial theories of aging. Both theories speculate that cumulative damage to mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the causes of aging. Oxidative damage affects replication and transcription of mtDNA and results in a decline in mitochondrial function which in turn leads to enhanced ROS production and further damage to mtDNA. In this paper, we will present the current understanding of the interplay between ROS and mitochondria and will discuss their potential impact on aging and age-related diseases.
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Low telomerase activity in CD4+ regulatory T cells in patients with severe chronic GVHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2011; 118:5021-30. [PMID: 21900196 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-362137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in the control of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). In this study, we examined telomere length and telomerase activity of Treg and conventional CD4(+) T cells (Tcon) in 61 patients who survived more than 2 years after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cell proliferation and expression of Bcl-2 were also measured in each subset. Treg telomere length was shorter and Treg telomerase activity was increased compared with Tcon (P < .0001). After transplantation, Treg were also more highly proliferative than Tcon (P < .0001). Treg number, telomerase activity, and expression of Bcl-2 were each inversely associated with severity of cGVHD. These data indicate that activation of telomerase is not sufficient to prevent telomere shortening in highly proliferative Treg. However, telomerase activation is associated with increased Bcl-2 expression and higher Treg numbers in patients with no or mild cGVHD. In contrast, patients with moderate or severe cGVHD have fewer Treg with lower levels of telomerase activity and Bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that failure to activate Treg telomerase may restrict proliferative capacity and increase apoptotic susceptibility, resulting in the loss of peripheral tolerance and the development of cGVHD.
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Ju Z, Zhang J, Gao Y, Cheng T. Telomere dysfunction and cell cycle checkpoints in hematopoietic stem cell aging. Int J Hematol 2011; 94:33-43. [PMID: 21671044 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are believed to be closely associated with tissue degeneration during aging. Studies of human genetic diseases and gene-targeted animal models have provided evidence that functional decline of telomeres and deregulation of cell cycle checkpoints contribute to the aging process of tissue stem cells. Telomere dysfunction can induce DNA damage response via key cell cycle checkpoints, leading to cellular senescence or apoptosis depending on the tissue type and developmental stage of a specific stem cell compartment. Telomerase mutation and telomere shortening have been observed in a variety of hematological disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenital, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemia, in which the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a major target during the pathogenesis. Moreover, telomere dysfunction is able to induce both cell-intrinsic checkpoints and environmental factors limiting the self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential of HSCs. Crucial components in the cascade of DNA damage response, including ataxia telangiectasia mutated, CHK2, p53, p21 and p16/p19(ARF), play important roles in HSC maintenance and self-renewal in the scenarios of both sufficient telomere reserve and dysfunctional telomere. Therefore, a further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC aging may help identity new therapeutic targets for stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ju
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingdai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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