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Malyshkina A, Bayer W, Podschwadt P, Otto L, Karakoese Z, Sutter K, Bruderek K, Wang B, Lavender KJ, Santiago ML, Leipe PM, Elsner C, Esser S, Brandau S, Gunzer M, Dittmer U. Immunotherapy-induced cytotoxic T follicular helper cells reduce numbers of retrovirus-infected reservoir cells in B cell follicles. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011725. [PMID: 37883584 PMCID: PMC10602292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) transformed HIV from a life-threatening disease to a chronic condition. However, eliminating the virus remains an elusive therapy goal. For several decades, Friend virus (FV) infection serves as a murine model to study retrovirus immunity. Similar to HIV, FV persists at low levels in lymph nodes B cell follicles avoiding elimination by immune cells. Such immune-privileged reservoirs exclude cytotoxic T cells from entry. However, CXCR5+ T cells are permitted to traffic through germinal centers. This marker is predominantly expressed by CD4+ follicular helper T cells (Tfh). Therefore, we explored immunotherapy to induce cytotoxic Tfh, which are rarely found under physiological conditions. The TNF receptor family member CD137 was first identified as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. We demonstrated that FV-infected mice treatment with αCD137 antibody resulted in an induction of the cytotoxic program in Tfh. The therapy significantly increased numbers of cytotoxic Tfh within B cell follicles and contributed to viral load reduction. Moreover, αCD137 antibody combined with ART delayed virus rebound upon treatment termination without disturbing the lymph node architecture or antibody responses. Thus, αCD137 antibody therapy might be a novel strategy to target the retroviral reservoir and an interesting approach for HIV cure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malyshkina
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wibke Bayer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philip Podschwadt
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lucas Otto
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zehra Karakoese
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bruderek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Baoxiao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kerry J. Lavender
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pia Madeleine Leipe
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carina Elsner
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Esser
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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2
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Melero I, Sanmamed MF, Glez-Vaz J, Luri-Rey C, Wang J, Chen L. CD137 (4-1BB)-Based Cancer Immunotherapy on Its 25th Anniversary. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:552-569. [PMID: 36576322 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, we reported that agonist anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies eradicated transplanted mouse tumors because of enhanced CD8+ T-cell antitumor immunity. Mouse models indicated that anti-CD137 agonist antibodies synergized with various other therapies. In the clinic, the agonist antibody urelumab showed evidence for single-agent activity against melanoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma but caused severe liver inflammation in a fraction of the patients. CD137's signaling domain is included in approved chimeric antigen receptors conferring persistence and efficacy. A new wave of CD137 agonists targeting tumors, mainly based on bispecific constructs, are in early-phase trials and are showing promising safety and clinical activity. SIGNIFICANCE CD137 (4-1BB) is a costimulatory receptor of T and natural killer lymphocytes whose activity can be exploited in cancer immunotherapy strategies as discovered 25 years ago. Following initial attempts that met unacceptable toxicity, new waves of constructs acting agonistically on CD137 are being developed in patients, offering signs of clinical and pharmacodynamic activity with tolerable safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Immunology-Immunotherapy and Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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3
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Kim AMJ, Nemeth MR, Lim SO. 4-1BB: A promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968360. [PMID: 36185242 PMCID: PMC9515902 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, powered by its relative efficacy and safety, has become a prominent therapeutic strategy utilized in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including cancer. Within this class of therapeutics, there is a variety of drug types such as immune checkpoint blockade therapies, vaccines, and T cell transfer therapies that serve the purpose of harnessing the body’s immune system to combat disease. Of these different types, immune checkpoint blockades that target coinhibitory receptors, which dampen the body’s immune response, have been widely studied and established in clinic. In contrast, however, there remains room for the development and improvement of therapeutics that target costimulatory receptors and enhance the immune response against tumors, one of which being the 4-1BB (CD137/ILA/TNFRSF9) receptor. 4-1BB has been garnering attention as a promising therapeutic target in the setting of cancer, amongst other diseases, due to its broad expression profile and ability to stimulate various signaling pathways involved in the generation of a potent immune response. Since its discovery and demonstration of potential as a clinical target, major progress has been made in the knowledge of 4-1BB and the development of clinical therapeutics that target it. Thus, we seek to summarize and provide a comprehensive update and outlook on those advancements in the context of cancer and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Min Jung Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Macy Rose Nemeth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute of Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Seung-Oe Lim,
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Li Z, Simin L, Jian K, Xin G, Youlin K. 4-1BB antibody enhances cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells against prostate cancer cells via NKG2D agonist combined with IL-27. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:1043-1053. [PMID: 35852136 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To enhance the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells against prostate cancer cells via NKG2D agonist, with 4-1BB antibody and IL-27 combination. Materials & methods: FACS was used to detect degranulation and cell surface receptors in NK cells isolated from healthy donors. Cytokine concentrations were measured using ELISA. NK-cell cytotoxicity was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8. Results: NKG2D agonist, 4-1BB antibody and IL-27 combination treatment improved the activating receptor expression and IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion but decreased the suppressive receptor CD158a expression and IL-10 secretion in NK cells. The combined treatment enhanced NK-cell cytotoxicity against both PC3 and DU145 cells with concurrent enhanced STAT3 activation. Conclusion: 4-1BB antibody and IL-27 improved NKG2D agonist function in NK cells against prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Li
- Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liang Simin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kang Jian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gou Xin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kuang Youlin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Dhar R, Seethy A, Singh S, Pethusamy K, Srivastava T, Talukdar J, Rath GK, Karmakar S. Cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and challenges. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:834-844. [PMID: 34528529 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1241_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses specific components of a person's immune system to fight diseases. This is usually done by stimulating or assisting one's immune system is attacking the offending agent - for instance, in the case of cancer - the target of immunotherapy will be cancer cells. Some types of immunotherapy are also called biologic therapy or biotherapy. One of the fundamental challenges that a living cell encounters are to accurately copy its genetic material to daughter cells during every single cell cycle. When this process goes haywire, genomic instability ensues, and genetic alterations ranging from nucleotide changes to chromosomal translocations and aneuploidy occur. Genomic instability arising out of DNA structural changes (indels, rearrangements, etc.,) can give rise to mutations predisposing to cancer. Cancer prevention refers to actions taken to mitigate the risk of getting cancer. The past decade has encountered an explosive rate of development of anticancer therapy ranging from standard chemotherapy to novel targeted small molecules that are nearly cancer specific, thereby reducing collateral damage. However, a new class of emerging therapy aims to train the body's defense system to fight against cancer. Termed as "cancer immunotherapy" is the new approach that has gained worldwide acceptance. It includes using antibodies that bind to and inhibit the function of proteins expressed by cancer cells or engineering and boosting the person's own T lymphocytes to target cancer. In this review, we summarized the recent advances and developments in cancer immunotherapy along with their shortcoming and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tryambak Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Joyeeta Talukdar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Goura Kishor Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DRBRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Etxeberria I, Glez-Vaz J, Teijeira Á, Melero I. New emerging targets in cancer immunotherapy: CD137/4-1BB costimulatory axis. ESMO Open 2021; 4:e000733. [PMID: 32611557 PMCID: PMC7333812 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB) is a surface glycoprotein that belongs to the tumour necrosis factor receptor family (TNFRSF9). Its expression is induced on activation on a number of leucocyte types. Interestingly, for cancer immunotherapy, CD137 becomes expressed on primed T and natural killer (NK) cells, which on ligation provides powerful costimulatory signals. Perturbation of CD137 by CD137L or agonist monoclonal antibodies on activated CD8 T cells protects such antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from apoptosis, enhances effector functionalities and favours persistence and memory differentiation. As a consequence, agonist antibodies exert potent antitumour effects in mouse models and the CD137 signalling domain is critical in chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) of CAR T cells approved to be used in the clinic. New formats of CD137 agonist moieties are being clinically developed, seeking potent costimulation targeted to the tumour microenvironment to avoid liver inflammation side effects, that have thus far limited and delayed clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Etxeberria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Department of Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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7
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Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:263. [PMID: 34248142 PMCID: PMC8273155 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 765] [Impact Index Per Article: 255.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on therapeutic outcomes. Chronic inflammation facilitates tumor progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often stimulates the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen presentation, leading to anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, multiple signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT), toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, cGAS/STING, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); inflammatory factors, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL), interferon (IFN), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), chemokines (e.g., C-C motif chemokine ligands (CCLs) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligands (CXCLs)), growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β), and inflammasome; as well as inflammatory metabolites including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, and specialized proresolving mediators (SPM), have been identified as pivotal regulators of the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Nowadays, local irradiation, recombinant cytokines, neutralizing antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, DC vaccines, oncolytic viruses, TLR agonists, and SPM have been developed to specifically modulate inflammation in cancer therapy, with some of these factors already undergoing clinical trials. Herein, we discuss the initiation and resolution of inflammation, the crosstalk between tumor development and inflammatory processes. We also highlight potential targets for harnessing inflammation in the treatment of cancer.
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8
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CD137 (4-1BB) stimulation leads to metabolic and functional reprogramming of human monocytes/macrophages enhancing their tumoricidal activity. Leukemia 2021; 35:3482-3496. [PMID: 34021248 PMCID: PMC8632678 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have heralded a new era in the cancer treatment. In addition to checkpoint inhibitors, agonistic antibodies against co-stimulatory immune receptors hold the potential to invoke efficient antitumor immunity. Targeting CD137 has gained momentum based on its ability to drive NK- and T-cell-based responses. CD137-engaging mAbs have already entered clinical trials for different types of tumors showing promising results. Despite the efforts to translate CD137-mediated immunotherapy into clinical practice, little remains known regarding the role of CD137 in human monocytes/macrophages.We found CD137 being expressed on monocytes of healthy controls and at even higher levels in patients with multiple myeloma or CLL. CD137HI(GH) monocytes displayed a distinct phenotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolic profile. They possessed an increased phagocytic capacity enabling superior antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADPC) of multiple myeloma and lymphoma cells that were treated with anti-CD38 or anti-CD20 mAbs. Triggering CD137 promoted both metabolic and tumoricidal activity in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent fashion. In addition, we observed a phenotypic, transcriptomic, and functional skewing towards a M1-like phenotype.Overall, we introduce CD137 as a positive immune checkpoint on human monocytes/macrophages, which can have therapeutic implications especially in view of synergistic effects when combining CD137 agonists with tumor-targeting antibodies.
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9
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Zou L, Song G, Gu S, Kong L, Sun S, Yang L, Cho WC. Mechanism and Treatment of Rituximab Resistance in Diffuse Large Bcell Lymphoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:681-687. [PMID: 31142246 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190126125251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype B non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. After rituximab being introduced to treat DLBCL, the current first-line treatment is R-CHOP regimen. This regimen greatly improves patient's prognosis, however, relapsed or refractory cases are commonly seen, mainly due to the resistance to rituximab. Although a large number of experiments have been conducted to investigate rituximab resistance, the exac mechanisms and solutions are still unclear. This review mainly explores the possible mechanisms oft rituximab resistance and current new effective treatments for rituximab resistance in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Zou
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Siyu Gu
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lingling Kong
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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10
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Novel Approaches to Improve Myeloma Cell Killing by Monoclonal Antibodies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092864. [PMID: 32899714 PMCID: PMC7564331 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have significantly changed the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, despite their introduction, MM remains an incurable disease. The mAbs currently used for MM treatment were developed with different mechanisms of action able to target antigens, such as cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) and SLAM family member 7 (SLAMF7) expressed by both, MM cells and the immune microenvironment cells. In this review, we focused on the mechanisms of action of the main mAbs approved for the therapy of MM, and on the possible novel approaches to improve MM cell killing by mAbs. Actually, the combination of anti-CD38 or anti-SLAMF7 mAbs with the immunomodulatory drugs significantly improved the clinical effect in MM patients. On the other hand, pre-clinical evidence indicates that different approaches may increase the efficacy of mAbs. The use of trans-retinoic acid, the cyclophosphamide or the combination of anti-CD47 and anti-CD137 mAbs have given the rationale to design these types of combinations therapies in MM patients in the future. In conclusion, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of the mAbs will allow us to develop novel therapeutic approaches to improve their response rate and to overcome their resistance in MM patients.
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11
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Ye L, Jia K, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao S, He Y, Zhou C. CD137, an attractive candidate for the immunotherapy of lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1461-1467. [PMID: 32073704 PMCID: PMC7226203 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a hotspot in cancer therapy in recent years. Several immune checkpoints inhibitors have been used to treat lung cancer. CD137 is a kind of costimulatory molecule that mediates T cell activation, which regulates the activity of immune cells in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Targeting CD137 or its ligand (CD137L) has been studied, aiming to enhance anticancer immune responses. Accumulating studies show that anti-CD137 mAbs alone or combined with other drugs have bright antitumor prospects. In the following, we reviewed the biology of CD137, the antitumor effects of anti-CD137 Ab monotherapy and the combined therapy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Ye
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Medical schoolTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Medical schoolTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Medical schoolTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Medical schoolTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical OncologyShanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji University Medical School Cancer InstituteTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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12
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Nie S, Wang Z, Moscoso-Castro M, D'Souza P, Lei C, Xu J, Gu J. Biology drives the discovery of bispecific antibodies as innovative therapeutics. Antib Ther 2020; 3:18-62. [PMID: 33928225 PMCID: PMC7990219 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A bispecific antibody (bsAb) is able to bind two different targets or two distinct epitopes on the same target. Broadly speaking, bsAbs can include any single molecule entity containing dual specificities with at least one being antigen-binding antibody domain. Besides additive effect or synergistic effect, the most fascinating applications of bsAbs are to enable novel and often therapeutically important concepts otherwise impossible by using monoclonal antibodies alone or their combination. This so-called obligate bsAbs could open up completely new avenue for developing novel therapeutics. With evolving understanding of structural architecture of various natural or engineered antigen-binding immunoglobulin domains and the connection of different domains of an immunoglobulin molecule, and with greatly improved understanding of molecular mechanisms of many biological processes, the landscape of therapeutic bsAbs has significantly changed in recent years. As of September 2019, over 110 bsAbs are under active clinical development, and near 180 in preclinical development. In this review article, we introduce a system that classifies bsAb formats into 30 categories based on their antigen-binding domains and the presence or absence of Fc domain. We further review the biology applications of approximately 290 bsAbs currently in preclinical and clinical development, with the attempt to illustrate the principle of selecting a bispecific format to meet biology needs and selecting a bispecific molecule as a clinical development candidate by 6 critical criteria. Given the novel mechanisms of many bsAbs, the potential unknown safety risk and risk/benefit should be evaluated carefully during preclinical and clinical development stages. Nevertheless we are optimistic that next decade will witness clinical success of bsAbs or multispecific antibodies employing some novel mechanisms of action and deliver the promise as next wave of antibody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Nie
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and ,To whom correspondence should addressed. Jijie Guor Siwei Nie. or
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and
| | | | - Paul D'Souza
- Clarivate Analytics, Friars House, 160 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8EZ, UK
| | - Can Lei
- Clarivate Analytics, Friars House, 160 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8EZ, UK
| | - Jianqing Xu
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and
| | - Jijie Gu
- WuXi Biologics, 299 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China and ,To whom correspondence should addressed. Jijie Guor Siwei Nie. or
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13
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Barsoumian HB, Batra L, Shrestha P, Bowen WS, Zhao H, Egilmez NK, Gomez-Gutierrez JG, Yolcu ES, Shirwan H. A Novel Form of 4-1BBL Prevents Cancer Development via Nonspecific Activation of CD4 + T and Natural Killer Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:783-794. [PMID: 30770367 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Costimulation through 4-1BB (CD137) receptor generates robust CD8+ T-effector and memory responses. The only known ligand, 4-1BBL, is a trimeric transmembrane protein that has no costimulatory activity as a soluble molecule. Thus, agonistic antibodies to the receptor have been used for cancer immunotherapy in preclinical models and are currently being evaluated in the clinic. Here, we report that treatment with an oligomeric form of the ligand, SA-4-1BBL, as a single agent is able to protect mice against subsequent tumor challenge irrespective of the tumor type. Protection was long-lasting (>8 weeks) and a bona fide property of SA-4-1BBL, as treatment with an agonistic antibody to the 4-1BB receptor was ineffective in generating immune protection against tumor challenge. Mechanistically, SA-4-1BBL significantly expanded IFNγ-expressing, preexisting memory-like CD44+CD4+ T cells and NK cells in naïve mice as compared with the agonistic antibody. In vivo blockade of IFNγ or depletion of CD4+ T or NK cells, but not CD8+ T or B cells, abrogated the immunopreventive effects of SA-4-1BBL against cancer. SA-4-1BBL as a single agent also exhibited robust efficacy in controlling postsurgical recurrences. This work highlights unexpected features of SA-4-1BBL as a novel immunomodulator with implications for cancer immunoprevention and therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the unique and unexpected immunomodulatory features of SA-4-1BBL that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses with both preventive and therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hampartsoum B Barsoumian
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lalit Batra
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Pradeep Shrestha
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Hong Zhao
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Esma S Yolcu
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,FasCure Therapeutics, LLC, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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14
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Liao P, Wang H, Tang YL, Tang YJ, Liang XH. The Common Costimulatory and Coinhibitory Signaling Molecules in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2457. [PMID: 31708918 PMCID: PMC6819372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are closely linked with immunosuppression, accompanied by complex immune cell functional activities. The abnormal competition between costimulatory and coinhibitory signal molecules plays an important role in the malignant progression of HNSCC. This review will summarize the features of costimulatory molecules (including CD137, OX40 as well as CD40) and coinhibitory molecules (including CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG3, and TIM3), analyze the underlying mechanism behind these molecules' regulation of the progression of HNSCC, and introduce the clinic application. Vaccines, such as those targeting STING while working synergistically with monoclonal antibodies, are also discussed. A deep understanding of the tumor immune landscape will help find new and improved tumor immunotherapy for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haofan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Pazina T, James AM, Colby KB, Yang Y, Gale A, Jhatakia A, Kearney AY, Graziano RF, Bezman NA, Robbins MD, Cohen AD, Campbell KS. Enhanced SLAMF7 Homotypic Interactions by Elotuzumab Improves NK Cell Killing of Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1633-1646. [PMID: 31431433 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. By engaging with FcγRIIIA (CD16), Elo promotes potent NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) toward SLAMF7+ MM tumor cells. Relapsed/refractory MM patients treated with the combination of Elo, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone have improved progression-free survival. We previously showed that Elo enhances NK cell activity via a costimulation mechanism, independent of CD16 binding. Here, we further studied the effect of Elo on cytotoxicity of CD16-negative NK-92 cells. Elo, but not other SLAMF7 antibodies, uniquely enhanced cytotoxicity mediated by CD16-negative NK-92 cells toward SLAMF7+ target cells. Furthermore, this CD16-independent enhancement of cytotoxicity required expression of SLAMF7 containing the full cytoplasmic domain in the NK cells, implicating costimulatory signaling. The CD16-independent costimulation by Elo was associated with increased expression of NKG2D, ICAM-1, and activated LFA-1 on NK cells, and enhanced cytotoxicity was partially reduced by NKG2D blocking antibodies. In addition, an Fc mutant form of Elo that cannot bind CD16 promoted cytotoxicity of SLAMF7+ target cells by NK cells from most healthy donors, especially if previously cultured in IL2. We conclude that in addition to promoting NK cell-mediated ADCC (CD16-dependent) responses, Elo promoted SLAMF7-SLAMF7 interactions in a CD16-independent manner to enhance NK cytotoxicity toward MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pazina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,FSBSI "Institute of Experimental Medicine," St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ashley M James
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly B Colby
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yibin Yang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Gale
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam D Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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16
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Shitara K, Satoh T, Iwasa S, Yamaguchi K, Muro K, Komatsu Y, Nishina T, Esaki T, Hasegawa J, Kakurai Y, Kamiyama E, Nakata T, Nakamura K, Sakaki H, Hyodo I. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the afucosylated, humanized anti-EPHA2 antibody DS-8895a: a first-in-human phase I dose escalation and dose expansion study in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:219. [PMID: 31412935 PMCID: PMC6694490 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EPHA2) is overexpressed on the cell surface in many cancers and predicts poor prognosis. DS-8895a is a humanized anti-EPHA2 IgG1 monoclonal antibody afucosylated to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity. We conducted a two-step, phase I, multicenter, open-label study to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of DS-8895a in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods Step 1 was a dose escalation cohort in advanced solid tumor patients (six dose levels, 0.1–20 mg/kg) to determine Step 2 dosing. Step 2 was a dose expansion cohort in EPHA2-positive esophageal and gastric cancer patients. DS-8895a was intravenously administered every 2 weeks for the duration of the study, with a 28-day period to assess dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Safety, pharmacokinetics, tumor response, and potential biomarkers were evaluated. Results Thirty-seven patients (Step 1: 22, Step 2: 15 [9: gastric cancer, 6: esophageal cancer]) were enrolled. Although one DLT (Grade 4 platelet count decreased) was observed in Step 1 (dose level 6, 20 mg/kg), the maximum tolerated dose was not reached; the highest dose (20 mg/kg) was used in Step 2. Of the 37 patients, 24 (64.9%) experienced drug-related adverse events (AEs) including three (8.1%) with Grade ≥ 3 AEs. Infusion-related reactions occurred in 19 patients (51.4%) but were manageable. All patients discontinued the study (evident disease progression, 33; AEs, 4). Maximum and trough serum DS-8895a concentrations increased dose-dependently. One gastric cancer patient achieved partial response and 13 patients achieved stable disease. Serum inflammatory cytokines transiently increased at completion of and 4 h after the start of DS-8895a administration. The proportion of CD16-positive natural killer (NK) cells (CD3−CD56+CD16+) decreased 4 h after the start of DS-8895a administration, and the ratio of CD3−CD56+CD137+ to CD3−CD56+CD16+ cells increased on day 3. Conclusions Twenty mg/kg DS-8895a infused intravenously every 2 weeks was generally safe and well tolerated in patients (n = 21) with advanced solid tumors. The exposure of DS-8895a seemed to increase dose-dependently and induce activated NK cells. Trial registration Phase 1 Study of DS-8895a in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT02004717; 7 November 2013 to 2 February 2017); retrospectively registered on 9 December 2013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0679-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Shitara
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Cancer Institute Hospital of Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital and Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Taito Esaki
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Vence L, Bucktrout SL, Fernandez Curbelo I, Blando J, Smith BM, Mahne AE, Lin JC, Park T, Pascua E, Sai T, Chaparro-Riggers J, Subudhi SK, Scutti JB, Higa MG, Zhao H, Yadav SS, Maitra A, Wistuba II, Allison JP, Sharma P. Characterization and Comparison of GITR Expression in Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6501-6510. [PMID: 31358539 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine the differential effect of a FcγR-binding, mIgG2a anti-GITR antibody in mouse tumor models, and characterize the tumor microenvironment for the frequency of GITR expression in T-cell subsets from seven different human solid tumors.Experimental Design: For mouse experiments, wild-type C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with MC38 cells or B16 cells, and BALB/c mice were injected with CT26 cells. Mice were treated with the anti-mouse GITR agonist antibody 21B6, and tumor burden and survival were monitored. GITR expression was evaluated at the single-cell level using flow cytometry (FC). A total of 213 samples were evaluated for GITR expression by IHC, 63 by FC, and 170 by both in seven human solid tumors: advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, head and neck carcinoma, melanoma, and ovarian carcinoma. RESULTS The therapeutic benefit of 21B6 was greatest in CT26 followed by MC38, and was least in the B16 tumor model. The frequency of CD8 T cells and effector CD4 T cells within the immune infiltrate correlated with response to treatment with GITR antibody. Analysis of clinical tumor samples showed that NSCLC, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma had the highest proportions of GITR-expressing cells and highest per-cell density of GITR expression on CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. IHC and FC data showed similar trends with a good correlation between both techniques. CONCLUSIONS Human tumor data suggest that NSCLC, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma should be the tumor subtypes prioritized for anti-GITR therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vence
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samantha L Bucktrout
- Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, South San Francisco, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Irina Fernandez Curbelo
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge Blando
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bevin M Smith
- Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, South San Francisco, California
| | - Ashley E Mahne
- Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, South San Francisco, California
| | - John C Lin
- Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, South San Francisco, California.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Terrence Park
- Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, South San Francisco, California
| | - Edward Pascua
- Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tao Sai
- Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge B Scutti
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria G Higa
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hao Zhao
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shalini S Yadav
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James P Allison
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Ochoa MC, Perez-Ruiz E, Minute L, Oñate C, Perez G, Rodriguez I, Zabaleta A, Alignani D, Fernandez-Sendin M, Lopez A, Muntasell A, Sanmamed MF, Paiva B, Lopez-Botet M, Berraondo P, Melero I. Daratumumab in combination with urelumab to potentiate anti-myeloma activity in lymphocyte-deficient mice reconstituted with human NK cells. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1599636. [PMID: 31143521 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1599636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 fully human IgG1 mAb approved for multiple myeloma treatment. One of the proposed mechanisms of action is the induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by NK cells. NK cells acquire surface CD137 expression in the presence of solid-phase-attached daratumumab and when encountering a daratumumab-coated CD38+ tumor cell line. In this setting, addition of the agonist anti-CD137 mAb urelumab enhances NK-cell activation increasing CD25 expression and IFNɣ production. However, in vitro ADCC is not increased by the addition of urelumab both in 4h or 24h lasting experiments. To study urelumab-increased daratumumab-mediated ADCC activity in vivo, we set up a mouse model based on the intravenous administration of a luciferase-transfected multiple myeloma cell line of human origin, human NK cells and daratumumab to immuno-deficient NSG mice. In this model, intravenous administration of urelumab 24h after daratumumab delayed tumor growth and prolonged mice survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ochoa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luna Minute
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Oñate
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rodriguez
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aintzane Zabaleta
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Cytometry Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Alignani
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Cytometry Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Myriam Fernandez-Sendin
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ascension Lopez
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Cell Therapy Area, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aura Muntasell
- Immunity and Infection Lab, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Cytometry Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Lopez-Botet
- Immunity and Infection Lab, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut. Immunology Unit, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Chu DT, Bac ND, Nguyen KH, Tien NLB, Thanh VV, Nga VT, Ngoc VTN, Anh Dao DT, Hoan LN, Hung NP, Trung Thu NT, Pham VH, Vu LN, Pham TAV, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. An Update on Anti-CD137 Antibodies in Immunotherapies for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081822. [PMID: 31013788 PMCID: PMC6515339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective expression of CD137 on cells of the immune system (e.g., T and DC cells) and oncogenic cells in several types of cancer leads this molecule to be an attractive target to discover cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, specific antibodies against CD137 are being studied and developed aiming to activate and enhance anti-cancer immune responses as well as suppress oncogenic cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that anti-CD137 antibodies can be used separately to prevent tumor in some cases, while in other cases, these antibodies need to be co-administered with other antibodies or drugs/vaccines/regents for a better performance. Thus, in this work, we aim to update and discuss current knowledge about anti-cancer effects of anti-CD137 antibodies as mono- and combined-immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nguyen Duy Bac
- Department of Education and Training, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Khanh-Hoang Nguyen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Vu Thi Nga
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Vo Truong Nhu Ngoc
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Duong Thi Anh Dao
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Le Ngoc Hoan
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Phuc Hung
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Trung Thu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Van-Huy Pham
- AI Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Le Nguyen Vu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Thuy Anh Vu Pham
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
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20
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have evolved to complement T and B cells in host defense against pathogens and cancer. They recognize infected cells and tumors using a sophisticated array of activating, costimulatory, and inhibitory receptors that are expressed on NK cell subsets to create extensive functional diversity. NK cells can be targeted to kill with exquisite antigen specificity by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. NK and T cells share many of the costimulatory and inhibitory receptors that are currently under evaluation in the clinic for cancer immunotherapy. As with T cells, genetic engineering is being employed to modify NK cells to specifically target them to tumors and to enhance their effector functions. As the selective pressures exerted by immunotherapies to augment CD8+T cell responses may result in loss of MHC class I, NK cells may provide an important fail-safe to eliminate these tumors by their capacity to eliminate tumors that are “missing self.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Miller
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Lewis L. Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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21
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Lo Nigro C, Macagno M, Sangiolo D, Bertolaccini L, Aglietta M, Merlano MC. NK-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in solid tumors: biological evidence and clinical perspectives. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:105. [PMID: 31019955 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) makes use of the innate immune cells providing antitumor cytotoxicity activated by antibodies linked to target cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are a small set of lymphocytes, but are considered the most important cells among those able to induce ADCC. They provoke innate immune responses and harmonise spontaneous cytotoxicity towards tumor and virus-infected cells. They are able to swiftly produce biochemical signals and cytokines so as to stimulate subsequent adaptive immune responses. Immunotherapeutics that target NK cells, augmenting their immune response, can cause the antitumor dynamics of the antibodies to be improved. The recent developments in the field of NK cell immunotherapy and genotypic factors which might affect patient responses to antibody-dependent immunotherapies are the main subject of this review, with a particular focus on the manipulations and strategies used to augment ADCC. In the next years combined treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and immunomodulatory drugs will be an important part in antitumor therapy. The main challenge remains the difficulty in distinguishing in the clinical setting, between the target effect that many mAbs exert against specific cell membrane receptors and the ADCC effect that they too also can induce. Drugs able to activate NK cells, that are major actors in mAb-mediated ADCC, will improve the ADCC effect against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Lo Nigro
- Department of Oncology, S. Croce & Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Marco Macagno
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Bertolaccini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, AUSL Bologna Maggiore Teaching Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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22
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Moreno L, Perez C, Zabaleta A, Manrique I, Alignani D, Ajona D, Blanco L, Lasa M, Maiso P, Rodriguez I, Garate S, Jelinek T, Segura V, Moreno C, Merino J, Rodriguez-Otero P, Panizo C, Prosper F, San-Miguel JF, Paiva B. The Mechanism of Action of the Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Isatuximab in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3176-3187. [PMID: 30692097 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowledge about the mechanism of action (MoA) of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is required to understand which patients with multiple myeloma (MM) benefit the most from a given mAb, alone or in combination therapy. Although there is considerable research about daratumumab, knowledge about other anti-CD38 mAbs remains scarce. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed a comprehensive analysis of the MoA of isatuximab. RESULTS Isatuximab induces internalization of CD38 but not its significant release from MM cell surface. In addition, we uncovered an association between levels of CD38 expression and different MoA: (i) Isatuximab was unable to induce direct apoptosis on MM cells with CD38 levels closer to those in patients with MM, (ii) isatuximab sensitized CD38hi MM cells to bortezomib plus dexamethasone in the presence of stroma, (iii) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was triggered by CD38lo and CD38hi tumor plasma cells (PC), (iv) antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) was triggered only by CD38hi MM cells, whereas (v) complement-dependent cytotoxicity could be triggered in less than half of the patient samples (those with elevated levels of CD38). Furthermore, we showed that isatuximab depletes CD38hi B-lymphocyte precursors and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes ex vivo-the latter through activation followed by exhaustion and eventually phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a framework to understand response determinants in patients treated with isatuximab based on the number of MoA triggered by CD38 levels of expression, and for the design of effective combinations aimed at capitalizing disrupted tumor-stroma cell protection, augmenting NK lymphocyte-mediated ADCC, or facilitating ADCP in CD38lo MM patients.See related commentary by Malavasi and Faini, p. 2946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Perez
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aintzane Zabaleta
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Manrique
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Alignani
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain.,Solid Tumors Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00443, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Blanco
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Lasa
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Maiso
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoia Rodriguez
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sonia Garate
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tomas Jelinek
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Segura
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Moreno
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juana Merino
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Otero
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Panizo
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus F San-Miguel
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CIBER-ONC number CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489, Pamplona, Spain.
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23
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Targeting Multiple Receptors to Increase Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010158. [PMID: 30621125 PMCID: PMC6337574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is a powerful treatment strategy for many cancer types. Many patients will have limited responses to monotherapy targeted to a single immune checkpoint. Both inhibitory and stimulatory immune checkpoints continue to be discovered. Additionally, many receptors previously identified to play a role in tumor formation and progression are being found to have immunomodulatory components. The success of immunotherapy depends on maximizing pro-anti-tumor immunity while minimizing immunosuppressive signaling. Combining immune checkpoint targeted approaches with each other or with other receptor targets is a promising schema for future therapeutic regimen designs.
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24
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The Potential for Cancer Immunotherapy in Targeting Surgery-Induced Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010002. [PMID: 30577463 PMCID: PMC6356325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are granular lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are able to recognize and kill tumor cells without undergoing clonal selection. Discovered over 40 years ago, they have since been recognized to possess both cytotoxic and cytokine-producing effector functions. Following trauma, NK cells are suppressed and their effector functions are impaired. This is especially important for cancer patients undergoing the removal of solid tumors, as surgery has shown to contribute to the development of metastasis and cancer recurrence postoperatively. We have recently shown that NK cells are critical mediators in the formation of metastasis after surgery. While research into the mechanism(s) responsible for NK cell dysfunction is ongoing, knowledge of these mechanisms will pave the way for perioperative therapeutics with the potential to improve cancer outcomes by reversing NK cell dysfunction. This review will discuss mechanisms of suppression in the postoperative environment, including hypercoagulability, suppressive soluble factors, the expansion of suppressive cell populations, and how this affects NK cell biology, including modulation of cell surface receptors, the potential for anergy, and immunosuppressive NK cell functions. This review will also outline potential immunotherapies to reverse postoperative NK dysfunction, with the goal of preventing surgery-induced metastasis.
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25
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A tumor-targeted trimeric 4-1BB-agonistic antibody induces potent anti-tumor immunity without systemic toxicity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4809. [PMID: 30442944 PMCID: PMC6237851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The costimulation of immune cells using first-generation anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in human trials. Further clinical development, however, is restricted by significant off-tumor toxicities associated with FcγR interactions. Here, we have designed an Fc-free tumor-targeted 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody, 1D8N/CEGa1, consisting of three anti-4-1BB single-chain variable fragments and three anti-EGFR single-domain antibodies positioned in an extended hexagonal conformation around the collagen XVIII homotrimerization domain. The1D8N/CEGa1 trimerbody demonstrated high-avidity binding to 4-1BB and EGFR and a potent in vitro costimulatory capacity in the presence of EGFR. The trimerbody rapidly accumulates in EGFR-positive tumors and exhibits anti-tumor activity similar to IgG-based 4-1BB-agonistic mAbs. Importantly, treatment with 1D8N/CEGa1 does not induce systemic inflammatory cytokine production or hepatotoxicity associated with IgG-based 4-1BB agonists. These results implicate FcγR interactions in the 4-1BB-agonist-associated immune abnormalities, and promote the use of the non-canonical antibody presented in this work for safe and effective costimulatory strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer therapy using systemically administrated 4-1BB-targeting antibodies is often associated with severe toxicity due to the nonspecific activation of autoreactive T cells. Here, the authors have developed a trimeric antibody targeting both 4-1BB and EGFR, which activates T cells effectively and shows negligible cytotoxicity.
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26
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IL-15 enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells and macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10915-E10924. [PMID: 30373815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811615115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the host immune system to attack malignant cells. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a pivotal mechanism of antitumor action of clinically employed antitumor antibodies. IL-15 administered to patients with metastatic malignancy by continuous i.v. infusion at 2 μg/kg/d for 10 days was associated with a 38-fold increase in the number and activation status of circulating natural killer (NK) cells and activation of macrophages which together are ADCC effectors. We investigated combination therapy of IL-15 with rituximab in a syngeneic mouse model of lymphoma transfected with human CD20 and with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in a xenograft model of human adult T cell leukemia (ATL). IL-15 greatly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of both rituximab and alemtuzumab in tumor models. The additivity/synergy was shown to be associated with augmented ADCC. Both NK cells and macrophages were critical elements in the chain of interacting effectors involved in optimal therapeutic responses mediated by rituximab with IL-15. We provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that NK cells interact with macrophages to augment the NK-cell activation and expression of FcγRIV and the capacity of these cells to become effectors of ADCC. The present study supports clinical trials of IL-15 combined with tumor-directed monoclonal antibodies.
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27
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Stimulation of natural killer cells with rhCD137 ligand enhances tumor-targeting antibody efficacy in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204880. [PMID: 30321186 PMCID: PMC6188629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many anticancer agents for gastric cancer have been developed, the prognosis for many patients remains poor. Recently, costimulatory immune molecules that reactivate antitumor immune responses by utilizing the host immune system have attracted attention as new therapeutic strategies. CD137 is a costimulatory molecule that reportedly potentiates the antitumor activity of tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. However, it remains unclear whether CD137 stimulates tumor-regulatory activity in gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of CD137 stimulation on gastric cancer cells administered tumor-targeting mAbs. Our results showed that human natural killer (NK) cells were activated by expressing CD137 after encountering trastuzumab-coated gastric cancer cells, and that stimulation of activated NK cells in the presence of trastuzumab and recombinant human CD137 ligand (rhCD137L) enhanced cytotoxicity and release of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF, granzyme A, or granzyme B) as compared with activated NK cells with trastuzumab alone (p < 0.05). By combination treatment with rhCD137L, similar effects were obtained regarding cancer cell cytotoxicity in the presence of cetuximab (p < 0.01). Moreover, we revealed that CD137 expression was dependent upon the affinity between the Fc portion of the antibodies and FcγRIIIa of NK cells based on results indicating that human IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses enhanced CD137 expression (p < 0.001). These results confirmed that FcγRIIIA polymorphisms (158 V/V) enhanced CD137 expression to a greater degree than 158 F polymorphisms (p = 0.014). Our results suggested that CD137 stimulation could promote the effects of tumor-targeting mAbs in gastric cancer, and that further investigation of antibody binding affinity and in vivo activities might improve therapeutic strategies related to the treatment of gastric cancer patients.
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28
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Emerson DA, Redmond WL. Overcoming Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression: From Relieving Inhibition to Providing Costimulation with T Cell Agonists. BioDrugs 2018; 32:221-231. [PMID: 29637478 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in T-cell biology and antibody engineering have opened doors to significant improvements in cancer immunotherapy. Initial success with monoclonal antibodies targeting key receptors that inhibit T-cell function such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1) have demonstrated the potency of this new class of therapy, highlighted by long-term complete responses for metastatic cancers once thought incurable. However, only a subset of patients responds to checkpoint blockade because of a multitude of factors, including an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the mutational burden of the cancer. Novel antibodies, as well as ligand-immunoglobulin fusion proteins that target costimulatory immune receptors, are being developed and tested in clinical trials to further enhance the anti-tumor immune response. Many of these costimulatory receptors are in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) and are expressed on multiple immune cell types, including inhibitory cells. While TNFRSFs signal through common pathways, the outcome of targeting different receptors depends on the functional status of the cell types expressing the relevant receptors. In this review, we discuss the current state of targeted costimulatory immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Emerson
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St., 2N35, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - William L Redmond
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St., 2N35, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
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29
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Riccardi C, Ronchetti S, Nocentini G. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene (GITR) as a therapeutic target for immunotherapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:783-797. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1512588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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30
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Ponath P, Menezes D, Pan C, Chen B, Oyasu M, Strachan D, LeBlanc H, Sun H, Wang XT, Rangan VS, Deshpande S, Cristea S, Park KS, Sage J, Cardarelli PM. A Novel, Fully Human Anti-fucosyl-GM1 Antibody Demonstrates Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5178-5189. [PMID: 30021910 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The ganglioside fucosyl-GM1 (FucGM1) is a tumor-associated antigen expressed in a large percentage of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors, but absent in most normal adult tissues, making it a promising target in immuno-oncology. This study was undertaken to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of BMS-986012, a novel, nonfucosylated, fully human IgG1 antibody that binds specifically to FucGM1.Experimental Design: The antitumor activity of BMS-986012 was evaluated in in vitro assays using SCLC cells and in mouse xenograft and syngeneic tumor models, with and without chemotherapeutic agents and checkpoint inhibitors.Results: BMS-986012 showed a high binding affinity for FcγRIIIa (CD16), which resulted in enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against FucGM1-expressing tumor cell lines. BMS-986012-mediated tumor cell killing was also observed in complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) assays. In several mouse SCLC models, BMS-986012 demonstrated efficacy and was well tolerated. In the DMS79 xenograft model, tumor regression was achieved with BMS-986012 doses of 0.3 mg/kg and greater; antitumor activity was enhanced when BMS-986012 was combined with standard-of-care cisplatin or etoposide. In a syngeneic model, tumors derived from a genetically engineered model of SCLC were treated with BMS-986012 or anti-FucGM1 with a mouse IgG2a Fc and their responses evaluated; when BMS-986012 was combined with anti-PD-1 or anti-CD137 antibody, therapeutic responses significantly improved.Conclusions: Single-agent BMS-986012 demonstrated robust antitumor activity, with the addition of chemotherapeutic or immunomodulatory agents further inhibiting SCLC growth in the same models. These preclinical data supported evaluation of BMS-986012 in a phase I clinical trial of patients with relapsed, refractory SCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5178-89. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ponath
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Daniel Menezes
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Chin Pan
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Bing Chen
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Miho Oyasu
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Debbie Strachan
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Heidi LeBlanc
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | | | | | - Vangipuram S Rangan
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Shrikant Deshpande
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | - Sandra Cristea
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Julien Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Pina M Cardarelli
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California.
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31
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The promise and challenges of immune agonist antibody development in cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:509-527. [PMID: 29904196 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell functions are regulated by co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors. The first two generations of cancer immunotherapy agents consist primarily of antagonist antibodies that block negative immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA4). Looking ahead, there is substantial promise in targeting co-stimulatory receptors with agonist antibodies, and a growing number of these agents are making their way through various stages of development. This Review discusses the key considerations and potential pitfalls of immune agonist antibody design and development, their differentiating features from antagonist antibodies and the landscape of agonist antibodies in clinical development for cancer treatment.
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32
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Abouelghar A, Hasnah R, Taouk G, Saad M, Karam M. Prognostic values of the mRNA expression of natural killer receptor ligands and their association with clinicopathological features in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27171-27196. [PMID: 29930758 PMCID: PMC6007477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that have potent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. NK cell recognition and activity towards cancer cells are regulated by an integrated interplay between numerous inhibitory and activating receptors acting in concert to eliminate tumor cells expressing cognate ligands. Despite strong evidence supporting the role of NK cells in breast cancer (BC) control, BC still develops and progresses to form large tumors and metastases. A major mechanism of BC escape from NK immunity is the alteration of the expression of NK receptor ligands. The aim of this study was to determine whether NK receptor ligands' mRNA expression might influence prognosis in BC patients and whether these effects differ by molecular subtypes and clinicopathological features. METHODS We used the KM plotter platform to analyze the correlation between mRNA expression of 32 NK receptor ligands and relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in 3951 and 1402 BC patients, respectively. The association with tumor subtypes and clinicopathological features was determined. BC samples were split into high and low expression groups according to the best cutoff value and the two patient cohorts were compared by Kaplan-Meier survival plots. The hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals and log rank P values were calculated and FDR-adjusted for multiple testing correction. The data was considered to be statistically significant when FDR-adjusted P value < 0.05. RESULTS High mRNA expression of around 80% of ligands for NK activating and inhibitory receptors associated with better RFS, which correlated with longer OS for only about half of the NK-activating ligands but for most NK-inhibitory ligands. Also, five NK-activating ligands correlated with worse prognosis. These prognostic values were differentially associated with the BC clinical criteria. In addition, the favorable prognostic influence of NK-activating ligands' upregulation, as a whole, was mainly significantly associated with HER2-positive and basal-like subtypes, lymph node positive phenotype, and high-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS NK receptor ligands appear to play an important role in defining BC patient prognosis. Identification of a group of patients with worse prognosis expressing high levels of NK-activating ligands and low levels of NK-inhibitory ligands makes them ideal potential candidates for NK-based immunotherapy to eliminate residual tumor cells, prevent relapse and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abouelghar
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Hasnah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghina Taouk
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad Saad
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manale Karam
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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33
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Complex role of NK cells in regulation of oncolytic virus-bortezomib therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4927-4932. [PMID: 29686060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715295115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the role of natural killer (NK) cells in combination therapy with oncolytic virus (OV) and bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor. NK cells display rapid and potent immunity to metastatic and hematological cancers, and they overcome immunosuppressive effects of tumor microenvironment. We developed a mathematical model to address the question of how the density of NK cells affects the growth of the tumor. We found that the antitumor efficacy increases when the endogenous NKs are depleted and also when exogenous NK cells are injected into the tumor. These predictions were validated by our in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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34
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Kellner C, Peipp M, Gramatzki M, Schrappe M, Schewe DM. Perspectives of Fc engineered antibodies in CD19 targeting immunotherapies in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1448331. [PMID: 30221037 PMCID: PMC6136853 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1448331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD19 immunotherapies based on T cells opened new avenues in the treatment of pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). However, Fc engineered CD19 antibodies may also bear great potential. In light of recent preclinical and clinical data, perspectives of such antibodies designed for improved effectiveness in BCP-ALL are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, ALL-BFM Study Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Denis M. Schewe
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, ALL-BFM Study Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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35
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Pahl JHW, Koch J, Götz JJ, Arnold A, Reusch U, Gantke T, Rajkovic E, Treder M, Cerwenka A. CD16A Activation of NK Cells Promotes NK Cell Proliferation and Memory-Like Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2018. [PMID: 29514797 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD16A is a potent cytotoxicity receptor on human natural killer (NK) cells, which can be exploited by therapeutic bispecific antibodies. So far, the effects of CD16A-mediated activation on NK cell effector functions beyond classical antibody-dependent cytotoxicity have remained poorly elucidated. Here, we investigated NK cell responses after exposure to therapeutic antibodies such as the tetravalent bispecific antibody AFM13 (CD30/CD16A), designed for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma and other CD30+ lymphomas. Our results reveal that CD16A engagement enhanced subsequent IL2- and IL15-driven NK cell proliferation and expansion. This effect involved the upregulation of CD25 (IL2Rα) and CD132 (γc) on NK cells, resulting in increased sensitivity to low-dose IL2 or to IL15. CD16A engagement initially induced NK cell cytotoxicity. The lower NK cell reactivity observed 1 day after CD16A engagement could be recovered by reculture in IL2 or IL15. After reculture in IL2 or IL15, these CD16A-experienced NK cells exerted more vigorous IFNγ production upon restimulation with tumor cells or cytokines. Importantly, after reculture, CD16A-experienced NK cells also exerted increased cytotoxicity toward different tumor targets, mainly through the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D. Our findings uncover a role for CD16A engagement in priming NK cell responses to restimulation by cytokines and tumor cells, indicative of a memory-like functionality. Our study suggests that combination of AFM13 with IL2 or IL15 may boost NK cell antitumor activity in patients by expanding tumor-reactive NK cells and enhancing NK cell reactivity, even upon repeated tumor encounters. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 517-27. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H W Pahl
- Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department for Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Jana-Julia Götz
- Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Arnold
- Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department for Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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36
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Turaj AH, Cox KL, Penfold CA, French RR, Mockridge CI, Willoughby JE, Tutt AL, Griffiths J, Johnson PWM, Glennie MJ, Levy R, Cragg MS, Lim SH. Augmentation of CD134 (OX40)-dependent NK anti-tumour activity is dependent on antibody cross-linking. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2278. [PMID: 29396470 PMCID: PMC5797108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD134 (OX40) is a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). It acts as a costimulatory receptor on T cells, but its role on NK cells is poorly understood. CD137, another TNFRSF member has been shown to enhance the anti-tumour activity of NK cells in various malignancies. Here, we examine the expression and function of CD134 on human and mouse NK cells in B-cell lymphoma. CD134 was transiently upregulated upon activation of NK cells in both species. In contrast to CD137, induction of CD134 on human NK cells was dependent on close proximity to, or cell-to-cell contact with, monocytes or T cells. Stimulation with an agonistic anti-CD134 mAb but not CD134 ligand, increased IFNγ production and cytotoxicity of human NK cells, but this was dependent on simultaneous antibody:Fcγ receptor binding. In complementary murine studies, intravenous inoculation with BCL1 lymphoma into immunocompetent syngeneic mice resulted in transient upregulation of CD134 on NK cells. Combination treatment with anti-CD20 and anti-CD134 mAb produced a synergistic effect with durable remissions. This therapeutic benefit was abrogated by NK cell depletion and in Fcγ chain -/- mice. Hence, anti-CD134 agonists may enhance NK-mediated anti-tumour activity in an Fcγ receptor dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Turaj
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kerry L Cox
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christine A Penfold
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ruth R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - C Ian Mockridge
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jane E Willoughby
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alison L Tutt
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jordana Griffiths
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ronald Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sean H Lim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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37
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Co-stimulation Agonists via CD137, OX40, GITR, and CD27 for Immunotherapy of Cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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38
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Characteristics and Therapeutic Targeting of Minimal Residual Disease in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1100:127-139. [PMID: 30411264 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97746-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Early response to therapy, especially the measurement of minimal residual disease (MRD), remains the most reliable and strongest independent prognostic parameter. Intriguingly, little is known on the mechanisms sustaining MRD in that disease. Here, we summarize existing evidence on the influences of molecular genetics and clonal architecture of childhood ALL on disease persistence. Also, the impact of the leukemic niche on residual leukemia cells in the bone marrow and extramedullary compartments is reviewed. We further discuss existing in vivo models of minimal residual disease based on different cellular labelling strategies and engraftment of ALL cells in immunodeficient mouse strains. We finally draw some conclusions on potential strategies targeting residual ALL cells, with a focus on cellular and antibody-based immunotherapy.
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39
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Tumor-Targeted Antibodies. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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40
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Makkouk A, Sundaram V, Chester C, Chang S, Colevas AD, Sunwoo JB, Maecker H, Desai M, Kohrt HE. Characterizing CD137 upregulation on NK cells in patients receiving monoclonal antibody therapy. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:415-420. [PMID: 27831501 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the era of personalized cancer medicine, identifying techniques for effectively matching patients to efficacious treatments is a critical step in the treatment process. The advent of anti-cancer immunotherapies necessitates novel approaches to biomarker identification beyond traditional genomic profiling. One promising approach is incorporation of nomograms into treatment decisions. Nomograms are prediction tools, based on statistical modeling, designed to predict treatment outcomes. As a first step toward developing a nomogram, we conducted analyses to predict CD137 expression of natural killer cells after monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment. Patients and methods Patient, tumor and immune characteristics were collected from 199 patients with breast cancer (N = 62), head/neck cancers (N = 46) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (N = 91), who were receiving mAb therapy as part of clinical trials. The difference in CD137 expression before and after mAb therapy was assessed by flow cytometry. To evaluate those who respond to mAb therapy via increased CD137 expression, we applied classification and regression trees (CART), multivariable lasso regression tools and Random Forest. Results The CD137 expression was significantly different for each cancer type [mean (SD): Breast: 6.6 (6.5); Head/Neck: 11.0 (7.0); NHL: 7.5 (7.1), P < 0.0001]. For breast cancer and NHL, FcR polymorphism and baseline CD137 expression were significant predictors of increased CD137 expression; for head/neck cancer, FcR polymorphism and age were significant predictors of increased expression. Conclusions Our preliminary results suggest that FcR polymorphism, pre-treatment CD137 expression and age are significant predictors of CD137 upregulation in patients. This study demonstrates that the development of a nomogram for therapy response is feasible. Further work validating our models in an independent cohort will provide the next steps in developing a nomogram that may be used to individualize this therapeutic approach for patients (NCT01114256).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makkouk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - V Sundaram
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - C Chester
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Chang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A D Colevas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J B Sunwoo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - H Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Desai
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - H E Kohrt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, USA
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41
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Bonavida B, Chouaib S. Resistance to anticancer immunity in cancer patients: potential strategies to reverse resistance. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:457-467. [PMID: 27864216 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1990s, the application of immunotherapy approaches to target cancer cells resulted in significant clinical responses in patients with advanced malignancies who were refractory to conventional therapies. While early immunotherapeutics were focused on T cell-mediated cytotoxic activity, subsequent efforts were centered on targeted antibody-mediated anticancer therapy. The initial success with antibody therapy encouraged further studies and, consequently, there are now more than 25 FDA-approved antibodies directed against a range of targets. Although both T cell and antibody therapies continue to result in significant clinical responses with minimal toxicity, a significant subset of patients does not respond to immunotherapy and another subset develops resistance following an initial response. This review is focused on describing examples showing that cancer resistance to immunotherapies indeed occurs. In addition, it reviews the mechanisms being used to overcome the resistance to immunotherapies by targeting the tumor cell directly and/or the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S Chouaib
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Inserm U1186, Immunologie Intégrative et Oncogénétique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Villejuif, France
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42
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Turaj AH, Hussain K, Cox KL, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Testa J, Dahal LN, Chan HTC, James S, Field VL, Carter MJ, Kim HJ, West JJ, Thomas LJ, He LZ, Keler T, Johnson PWM, Al-Shamkhani A, Thirdborough SM, Beers SA, Cragg MS, Glennie MJ, Lim SH. Antibody Tumor Targeting Is Enhanced by CD27 Agonists through Myeloid Recruitment. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:777-791.e6. [PMID: 29198913 PMCID: PMC5734932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can destroy tumors by recruiting effectors such as myeloid cells, or targeting immunomodulatory receptors to promote cytotoxic T cell responses. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of combining a direct tumor-targeting mAb, anti-CD20, with an extended panel of immunomodulatory mAbs. Only the anti-CD27/CD20 combination provided cures. This was apparent in multiple lymphoma models, including huCD27 transgenic mice using the anti-huCD27, varlilumab. Detailed mechanistic analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that anti-CD27 stimulated CD8+ T and natural killer cells to release myeloid chemo-attractants and interferon gamma, to elicit myeloid infiltration and macrophage activation. This study demonstrates the therapeutic advantage of using an immunomodulatory mAb to regulate lymphoid cells, which then recruit and activate myeloid cells for enhanced killing of mAb-opsonized tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Turaj
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Khiyam Hussain
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kerry L Cox
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew J J Rose-Zerilli
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - James Testa
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827, USA
| | - Lekh N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - H T Claude Chan
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Vikki L Field
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew J Carter
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Hyung J Kim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan J West
- Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Li-Zhen He
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827, USA
| | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827, USA
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen M Thirdborough
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sean H Lim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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43
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Immunotherapy targeting 4-1BB: mechanistic rationale, clinical results, and future strategies. Blood 2017; 131:49-57. [PMID: 29118009 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-741041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9) is an inducible costimulatory receptor expressed on activated T and natural killer (NK) cells. 4-1BB ligation on T cells triggers a signaling cascade that results in upregulation of antiapoptotic molecules, cytokine secretion, and enhanced effector function. In dysfunctional T cells that have a decreased cytotoxic capacity, 4-1BB ligation demonstrates a potent ability to restore effector functions. On NK cells, 4-1BB signaling can increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Agonistic monoclonal antibodies targeting 4-1BB have been developed to harness 4-1BB signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical results in a variety of induced and spontaneous tumor models suggest that targeting 4-1BB with agonist antibodies can lead to tumor clearance and durable antitumor immunity. Clinical trials of 2 agonist antibodies, urelumab and utomilumab, are ongoing. Despite initial signs of efficacy, clinical development of urelumab has been hampered by inflammatory liver toxicity at doses >1 mg/kg. Utomilumab has a superior safety profile, but is a less potent 4-1BB agonist relative to urelumab. Both antibodies have demonstrated promising results in patients with lymphoma and are being tested in combination therapy trials with other immunomodulatory agents. In an effort to optimally leverage 4-1BB-mediated immune activation, the next generation of 4-1BB targeting strategies attempts to decouple the observed antitumor efficacy from the on-target liver toxicity. Multiple therapeutics that attempt to restrict 4-1BB agonism to the tumor microenvironment and minimize systemic exposure have emerged. 4-1BB is a compelling target for cancer immunotherapy and future agents show great promise for achieving potent immune activation while avoiding limiting immune-related adverse events.
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Kang SW, Lee SC, Park SH, Kim J, Kim HH, Lee HW, Seo SK, Kwon BS, Cho HR, Kwon B. Anti-CD137 Suppresses Tumor Growth by Blocking Reverse Signaling by CD137 Ligand. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5989-6000. [PMID: 28923858 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB) is a T-cell costimulatory molecule, and agonstic CD137 antibodies are currently being evaluated in the clinic as cancer immunotherapy. Recently, it was found that CD137-/- mice or mice injected with agonistic anti-CD137 antibodies exhibit heightened antitumor responses, contrary to expectations based on other knowledge of CD137 function. Here, we report findings related to reverse signaling by CD137 ligand (CD137L) in antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC) in tumors that address these paradoxical results. Specifically, CD137L suppressed intratumoral differentiation of IL12-producing CD103+ DC and type 1 tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Differentiation of these cell types is important because they are required to generate IFNγ-producing CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc1). Notably, CD137L blockade increased levels of IL12 and IFNγ, which promoted intratumoral differentiation of IFNγ-producing Tc1, IL12-producing CD103+ DC, and type 1 TAM within tumors. Our results offer an explanation for the paradoxical effects of CD137 blockade, based on differential immunomodulatory effects of CD137 signaling and reverse signaling in T cells and DC, respectively. Further, they show how CD137L blockade can seed a forward-feedback loop for activation of CD103+ DC/type 1 TAM and Tc1 that can create a self-perpetuating cycle of highly effective immunosurveillance. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5989-6000. ©2017 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- 4-1BB Ligand/immunology
- 4-1BB Ligand/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang W Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang C Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - So H Park
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyang Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon H Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Lee
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su K Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hong R Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsuk Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Hu-Lieskovan S, Ribas A. New Combination Strategies Using Programmed Cell Death 1/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Checkpoint Inhibitors as a Backbone. Cancer J 2017; 23:10-22. [PMID: 28114250 PMCID: PMC5844278 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints and subsequent clinical development of checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the field of oncology. The durability of the antitumor immune responses has raised the hope for long-term patient survival and potential cure; however, currently, only a minority of patients respond. Combination strategies to help increase antigen release and T-cell priming, promote T-cell activation and homing, and improve the tumor immune microenvironment, all guided by predictive biomarkers, can help overcome the tumor immune-evasive mechanisms and maximize efficacy to ultimately benefit the majority of patients. Great challenges remain because of the complex underlying biology, unpredictable toxicity, and accurate assessment of response. Carefully designed clinical trials guided by translational studies of paired biopsies will be key to develop reliable predictive biomarkers to choose which patients would most likely benefit from each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- From the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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46
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Jain A, Zhang Q, Toh HC. Awakening immunity against cancer: a 2017 primer for clinicians. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:67. [PMID: 28823251 PMCID: PMC5563384 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has finally joined the pillars of cancer treatment—surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy—in improving cancer patient lives. In the last 5 years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitor and T cell therapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, has been remarkable for the speed, scale, and number of drug approvals. Still, these treatments may also bring unusual adverse effects and clinical outcomes including unprecedented long-term survival. Interrogating the tumor microenvironment and identifying better biomarkers hold the key to improving cancer immunotherapies. CAR T-cell therapy has dramatic effect on leukemias and lymphomas with significant cure rates, but has yet to show comparable effect on solid tumors. Cutting-edge technology will improve both processing and clinical effect of such therapies. Asia has the largest, most rapidly aging population and the largest number of cancer patients in the world. Research and development and clinical trial conduct of cancer immunotherapy in Asia remain nascent, but should be a crucial priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jain
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Qing Zhang
- GSR Ventures, Singapore, 048762, Singapore
| | - Han-Chong Toh
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore, 038988, Singapore.
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48
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Broséus J, Mourah S, Ramstein G, Bernard S, Mounier N, Cuccuini W, Gaulard P, Gisselbrecht C, Brière J, Houlgatte R, Thieblemont C. VEGF 121, is predictor for survival in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and is related to an immune response gene signature conserved in cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90808-90824. [PMID: 29207605 PMCID: PMC5710886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment including endothelial and immune cells plays a crucial role in tumor progression and has been shown to dramatically influence cancer survival. In this study, we investigated the clinical relevance of the gene expression of key mediators of angiogenesis, VEGF isoforms 121, 165, and 189, and their receptors (VEGFR-1 and R-2) in a cohort of patients (n = 37) with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) from the Collaborative Trial in Relapsed Aggressive Lymphoma (CORAL). In patients with ABC-like DLBCL, but not in patients with GCB-like DLBCL, low VEGF121 expression was associated with a significantly better survival than in those with high VEGF121 level: 4-year overall survival at 100% vs 36% (p = .011), respectively. A specific gene signature including 57 genes was correlated to VEGF121 expression level and was analyzed using a discovery process in 1,842 GSE datasets of public microarray studies. This gene signature was significantly expressed in other cancer datasets and was associated with immune response. In conclusion, low VEGF121 expression level was significantly associated with a good prognosis in relapsed/refractory ABC-like DLBCL, and with a well-conserved gene-expression profiling signature related to immune response. These findings pave the way for rationalization of drugs targeting immune response in refractory/relapsed ABC-like DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Broséus
- Inserm U954, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,University Hospital of Nancy, Hematology Laboratory, Nancy, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,APHP, Saint Louis University Hospital, Pharmacology-Biologic Laboratory, Paris, France.,Inserm UMRS 976, France
| | | | - Sophie Bernard
- APHP, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Hemato-Oncology, Paris, France
| | | | - Wendy Cuccuini
- APHP, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Hematology Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Department of Pathology, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France.,Inserm U955, University Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Christian Gisselbrecht
- APHP, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Hemato-Oncology, Paris, France.,Lymphoma Study Association, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Josette Brière
- Department of Pathology, APHP, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Houlgatte
- Inserm U954, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France.,University Hospital of Nancy, DRCI, Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,APHP, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Hemato-Oncology, Paris, France
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Kyi C, Postow MA. Immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations in solid tumors: opportunities and challenges. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:821-37. [PMID: 27349981 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immune 'checkpoint inhibitors' such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) has revolutionized treatment of solid tumors including melanoma, lung cancer, among many others. The goal of checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy is to improve clinical response and minimize toxicities. Rational design of checkpoint combinations considers immune-mediated mechanisms of antitumor activity: immunogenic cell death, antigen release and presentation, activation of T-cell responses, lymphocytic infiltration into tumors and depletion of immunosuppression. Potential synergistic combinations include checkpoint blockade with conventional (radiation, chemotherapy and targeted therapies) and newer immunotherapies (cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, among others). Reliable biomarkers are necessary to define patients who will achieve best clinical benefit with minimal toxicity in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisann Kyi
- Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1079, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael A Postow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 E 68th Street, NY 10065, USA
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Terranova-Barberio M, Thomas S, Munster PN. Epigenetic modifiers in immunotherapy: a focus on checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:705-19. [PMID: 27197539 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance should be directed to suppress tumor development and progression, involving a balance of coinhibitory and costimulatory signals that amplify immune response without overwhelming the host. Immunotherapy confers durable clinical benefit in 'immunogenic tumors', whereas in other tumors the responses are modest. Thus, immune checkpoint inhibitors may need to be combined with strategies to boost immune response or increase the tumor immune profile. Epigenetic aberrations contribute significantly to carcinogenesis. Recent findings suggest that epigenetic drugs prime the immune response by increasing expression of tumor-associated antigens and immune-related genes, as well as modulating chemokines and cytokines involved in immune system activation. This review describes our current understanding regarding epigenetic and immunotherapy combination, focusing on immune response priming to checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Terranova-Barberio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, Room A722, 1600 Divisadero St, Box 1770, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Scott Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, Room A722, 1600 Divisadero St, Box 1770, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Pamela N Munster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, Room A722, 1600 Divisadero St, Box 1770, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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