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Xu R, Chen R, Tu C, Gong X, Liu Z, Mei L, Ren X, Li Z. 3D Models of Sarcomas: The Next-generation Tool for Personalized Medicine. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:171-186. [PMID: 38884054 PMCID: PMC11169319 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Sarcoma is a complex and heterogeneous cancer that has been difficult to study in vitro. While two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and mouse models have been the dominant research tools, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems such as organoids have emerged as promising alternatives. In this review, we discuss recent developments in sarcoma organoid culture, with a focus on their potential as tools for drug screening and biobanking. We also highlight the ways in which sarcoma organoids have been used to investigate the mechanisms of gene regulation, drug resistance, metastasis, and immune interactions. Sarcoma organoids have shown to retain characteristics of in vivo biology within an in vitro system, making them a more representative model for sarcoma research. Our review suggests that sarcoma organoids offer a potential path forward for translational research in this field and may provide a platform for developing personalized therapies for sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Xiaofeng Gong
- College of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
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Sullivan MA, Lane S, Volkerling A, Engel M, Werry EL, Kassiou M. Three-dimensional bioprinting of stem cell-derived central nervous system cells enables astrocyte growth, vasculogenesis, and enhances neural differentiation/function. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3079-3091. [PMID: 37395340 PMCID: PMC10953436 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Current research tools for preclinical drug development such as rodent models and two-dimensional immortalized monocultures have failed to serve as effective translational models for human central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recent advancements in the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and three-dimensional (3D) culturing can improve the in vivo-relevance of preclinical models, while generating 3D cultures though novel bioprinting technologies can offer increased scalability and replicability. As such, there is a need to develop platforms that combine iPSC-derived cells with 3D bioprinting to produce scalable, tunable, and biomimetic cultures for preclinical drug discovery applications. We report a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)-based matrix which incorporates Arg-Gly-Asp and Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg peptide motifs and full-length collagen IV at a stiffness similar to the human brain (1.5 kPa). Using a high-throughput commercial bioprinter we report the viable culture and morphological development of monocultured iPSC-derived astrocytes, brain microvascular endothelial-like cells, neural progenitors, and neurons in our novel matrix. We also show that this system supports endothelial-like vasculogenesis and enhances neural differentiation and spontaneous activity. This platform forms a foundation for more complex, multicellular models to facilitate high-throughput translational drug discovery for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Sullivan
- School of Medical Sciences, The Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Samuel Lane
- School of Chemistry, The Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Martin Engel
- Inventia Life Science Operations Pty Ltd.AlexandriaNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Eryn L. Werry
- School of Chemistry, The Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Cho S, Aakash P, Lee S, Yoon YS. Endothelial cell direct reprogramming: Past, present, and future. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 180:22-32. [PMID: 37080451 PMCID: PMC10330356 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease still remains as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality despite various medical, surgical, and interventional therapy. As such, cell therapy has emerged as an attractive option because it tackles underlying problem of the diseases by inducing neovascularization in ischemic tissue. After overall failure of adult stem or progenitor cells, studies attempted to generate endothelial cells (ECs) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). While endothelial cells (ECs) differentiated from PSCs successfully induced vascular regeneration, differentiating volatility and tumorigenic potential is a concern for their clinical applications. Alternatively, direct reprogramming strategies employ lineage-specific factors to change cell fate without achieving pluripotency. ECs have been successfully reprogrammed via ectopic expression of transcription factors (TFs) from endothelial lineage. The reprogrammed ECs induced neovascularization in vitro and in vivo and thus demonstrated their therapeutic value in animal models of vascular insufficiency. Methods of delivering reprogramming factors include lentiviral or retroviral vectors and more clinically relevant, non-integrative adenoviral and episomal vectors. Most studies made use of fibroblast as a source cell for reprogramming, but reprogrammability of other clinically relevant source cell types has to be evaluated. Specific mechanisms and small molecules that are involved in the aforementioned processes tackles challenges associated with direct reprogramming efficiency and maintenance of reprogrammed EC characteristics. After all, this review provides summary of past and contemporary methods of direct endothelial reprogramming and discusses the future direction to overcome these challenges to acquire clinically applicable reprogrammed ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonggeon Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Aakash
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sangho Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Melzer M, Burk J, Guest DJ, Dudhia J. Influence of Rho/ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on proliferation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1154987. [PMID: 37346276 PMCID: PMC10279950 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1154987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated form bone marrow and adipose tissue are the most common cells used for cell therapy of orthopedic diseases. MSC derived from different tissues show differences in terms of their proliferation, differentiation potential and viability in prolonged cell culture. This suggests that there may be subtle differences in intracellular signaling pathways that modulate these cellular characteristics. The Rho/ROCK signaling pathway is essential for many cellular functions. Targeting of this pathway by the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 has been shown to be beneficial for cell viability and proliferation of different cell types. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Rho/ROCK inhibition on equine MSC proliferation using bone marrow-derived MSC (BMSC) and adipose-derived MSC (ASC). Primary ASC and BMSC were stimulated with or without 10 ng/mL TGF-β3 or 10 μM Y-27632, as well as both in combination. Etoposide at 10 μM was used as a positive control for inhibition of cell proliferation. After 48 h of stimulation, cell morphology, proliferation activity and gene expression of cell senescence markers p53 and p21 were assessed. ASC showed a trend for higher basal proliferation than BMSC, which was sustained following stimulation with TGF-β3. This included a higher proliferation with TGF-β3 stimulation compared to Y-27632 stimulation (p < 0.01), but not significantly different to the no treatment control when used in combination. Expression of p21 and p53 was not altered by stimulation with TGF-β3 and/or Y-27632 in either cell type. In summary, the Rho/ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 had no effect on proliferation activity and did not induce cell senescence in equine ASC and BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Melzer
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Janina Burk
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Deborah J. Guest
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Jezierski A, Huang J, Haqqani AS, Haukenfrers J, Liu Z, Baumann E, Sodja C, Charlebois C, Delaney CE, Star AT, Liu Q, Stanimirovic DB. Mouse embryonic stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier model: applicability to studying antibody triggered receptor mediated transcytosis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37237379 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) models in vitro are an important tool to aid in the pre-clinical evaluation and selection of BBB-crossing therapeutics. Stem cell derived BBB models have recently demonstrated a substantial advantage over primary and immortalized brain endothelial cells (BECs) for BBB modeling. Coupled with recent discoveries highlighting significant species differences in the expression and function of key BBB transporters, the field is in need of robust, species-specific BBB models for improved translational predictability. We have developed a mouse BBB model, composed of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC-D3)-derived brain endothelial-like cells (mBECs), employing a directed monolayer differentiation strategy. Although the mBECs showed a mixed endothelial-epithelial phenotype, they exhibited high transendothelial electrical resistance, inducible by retinoic acid treatment up to 400 Ω cm2. This tight cell barrier resulted in restricted sodium fluorescein permeability (1.7 × 10-5 cm/min), significantly lower than that of bEnd.3 cells (1.02 × 10-3 cm/min) and comparable to human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BECs (2.0 × 10-5 cm/min). The mBECs expressed tight junction proteins, polarized and functional P-gp efflux transporter and receptor mediated transcytosis (RMT) receptors; collectively important criteria for studying barrier regulation and drug delivery applications in the CNS. In this study, we compared transport of a panel of antibodies binding species selective or cross-reactive epitopes on BBB RMT receptors in both the mBEC and human iPSC-derived BEC model, to demonstrate discrimination of species-specific BBB transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Jez Huang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Arsalan S Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Haukenfrers
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ziying Liu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Caroline Sodja
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Claudie Charlebois
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christie E Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexandra T Star
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Qing Liu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, ON, Ottawa, Canada
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Khalifa MO, Moriwaki T, Zhang S, Zhou W, Ito K, Li TS. Negative pressure induces dedifferentiation of hepatocytes via RhoA/ROCK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 667:104-110. [PMID: 37210870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical forces are known to regulate the biological behaviors of cells. Although negative pressure has been used for wound healing, it is still unknown about its role in regulating cell plasticity. We investigated whether negative pressure could induce the dedifferentiation of hepatocytes. Using a commercial device, we found that the exposure of primary human hepatocytes to -50 mmHg quickly induced the formation of stress fibers and obviously changed cell morphology in 72 h. Moreover, the exposure of hepatocytes to -50 mmHg significantly upregulated RhoA, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in 1-6 h, and dramatically enhanced the expression of marker molecules on "stemness", such as OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC, NANOG, and CD133 in 6-72 h. However, all these changes in hepatocytes induced by -50 mmHg stimulation were almost abrogated by ROCK inhibitor Y27623. Our data suggest that an appropriate force of negative pressure stimulation can effectively induce the dedifferentiation of hepatocytes via RhoA/ROCK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Osman Khalifa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt; Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takahito Moriwaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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7
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ROCK ‘n TOR: An Outlook on Keratinocyte Stem Cell Expansion in Regenerative Medicine via Protein Kinase Inhibition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071130. [PMID: 35406693 PMCID: PMC8997668 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte stem cells play a fundamental role in homeostasis and repair of stratified epithelial tissues. Transplantation of cultured keratinocytes autografts provides a landmark example of successful cellular therapies by restoring durable integrity in stratified epithelia lost to devastating tissue conditions. Despite the overall success of such procedures, failures still occur in case of paucity of cultured stem cells in therapeutic grafts. Strategies aiming at a further amplification of stem cells during keratinocyte ex vivo expansion may thus extend the applicability of these treatments to subjects in which endogenous stem cells pools are depauperated by aging, trauma, or disease. Pharmacological targeting of stem cell signaling pathways is recently emerging as a powerful strategy for improving stem cell maintenance and/or amplification. Recent experimental data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of two prominent keratinocyte signaling pathways governed by apical mTOR and ROCK protein kinases favor stem cell maintenance and/or amplification ex vivo and may improve the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapeutic procedures. In this review, we highlight the pathophysiological roles of mTOR and ROCK in keratinocyte biology and evaluate existing pre-clinical data on the effects of their inhibition in epithelial stem cell expansion for transplantation purposes.
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Shi J, Wei L. Rho Kinases in Embryonic Development and Stem Cell Research. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:4. [PMID: 35043239 PMCID: PMC8766376 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCKs or Rho kinases) belong to the AGC (PKA/PKG/PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases and are major downstream effectors of small GTPase RhoA, a key regulator of actin-cytoskeleton reorganization. The ROCK family contains two members, ROCK1 and ROCK2, which share 65% overall identity and 92% identity in kinase domain. ROCK1 and ROCK2 were assumed to be functionally redundant, based largely on their major common activators, their high degree kinase domain homology, and study results from overexpression with kinase constructs or chemical inhibitors. ROCK signaling research has expanded to all areas of biology and medicine since its discovery in 1996. The rapid advance is befitting ROCK’s versatile functions in modulating various cell behavior, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, polarity, cytokinesis, and differentiation. The rapid advance is noticeably driven by an extensive linking with clinical medicine, including cardiovascular abnormalities, aberrant immune responsive, and cancer development and metastasis. The rapid advance during the past decade is further powered by novel biotechnologies including CRISPR-Cas and single cell omics. Current consensus, derived mainly from gene targeting and RNA interference approaches, is that the two ROCK isoforms have overlapping and distinct cellular, physiological and pathophysiology roles. In this review, we present an overview of the milestone discoveries in ROCK research. We then focus on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in embryonic development, current research status using knockout and knockin mouse models, and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Shi
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Lei Wei
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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9
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Yi B, Ding T, Jiang S, Gong T, Chopra H, Sha O, Dissanayaka WL, Ge S, Zhang C. Conversion of stem cells from apical papilla into endothelial cells by small molecules and growth factors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:266. [PMID: 33941255 PMCID: PMC8091697 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently, a new strategy has been developed to directly reprogram one cell type towards another targeted cell type using small molecule compounds. Human fibroblasts have been chemically reprogrammed into neuronal cells, Schwann cells and cardiomyocyte-like cells by different small molecule combinations. This study aimed to explore whether stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) could be reprogrammed into endothelial cells (ECs) using the same strategy. Materials and methods The expression level of endothelial-specific genes and proteins after chemical induction of SCAP was assessed by RT-PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The in vitro functions of SCAP-derived chemical-induced endothelial cells (SCAP-ECs) were evaluated by tube-like structure formation assay, acetylated low-density lipoprotein (ac-LDL) uptake and NO secretion detection. The proliferation and the migration ability of SCAP-ECs were evaluated by CCK-8 and Transwell assay. LPS stimulation was used to mimic the inflammatory environment in demonstrating the ability of SCAP-ECs to express adhesion molecules. The in vivo Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay was performed to assess the function of SCAP-ECs in generating vascular structures using the immune-deficient mouse model. Results SCAP-ECs expressed upregulated endothelial-specific genes and proteins; displayed endothelial transcriptional networks; exhibited the ability to form functional tubular-like structures, uptake ac-LDL and secrete NO in vitro; and contributed to generate blood vessels in vivo. The SCAP-ECs could also express adhesion molecules in the pro-inflammatory environment and have a similar migration and proliferation ability as HUVECs. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the set of small molecules and growth factors could significantly promote endothelial transdifferentiation of SCAP, which provides a promising candidate cell source for vascular engineering and treatment of ischemic diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02350-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Yi
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ou Sha
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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10
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Lee CS, Cho HJ, Lee JW, Son H, Chai J, Kim HS. Adhesion GPCR Latrophilin-2 Specifies Cardiac Lineage Commitment through CDK5, Src, and P38MAPK. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:868-882. [PMID: 33798451 PMCID: PMC8072181 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying lineage-specific markers is pivotal for understanding developmental processes and developing cell therapies. Here, we investigated the functioning of a cardiomyogenic cell-surface marker, latrophilin-2 (LPHN2), an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, in cardiac differentiation. LPHN2 was selectively expressed in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMCs) during mouse and human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation; cell sorting with an anti-LPHN2 antibody promoted the isolation of populations highly enriched in CPCs and CMCs. Lphn2 knockdown or knockout PSCs did not express cardiac genes. We used the Phospho Explorer Antibody Array, which encompasses nearly all known signaling pathways, to assess molecular mechanisms underlying LPHN2-induced cardiac differentiation. LPHN2-dependent phosphorylation was the strongest for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) at Tyr15. We identified CDK5, Src, and P38MAPK as key downstream molecules of LPHN2 signaling. These findings provide a valuable strategy for isolating CPCs and CMCs from PSCs and insights into the still-unknown cardiac differentiation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJu Son
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chai
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Saadeldin IM, Tukur HA, Aljumaah RS, Sindi RA. Rocking the Boat: The Decisive Roles of Rho Kinases During Oocyte, Blastocyst, and Stem Cell Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:616762. [PMID: 33505968 PMCID: PMC7829335 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.616762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rho-associated coiled-coil-containing proteins (ROCKs or rho kinase) are effectors of the small rho-GTPase rhoA, which acts as a signaling molecule to regulate a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion, polarity, cytokinesis, and survival. Owing to the multifunctionality of these kinases, an increasing number of studies focus on understanding the pleiotropic effects of the ROCK signaling pathway in the coordination and control of growth (proliferation, initiation, and progression), development (morphology and differentiation), and survival in many cell types. There is growing evidence that ROCKs actively phosphorylate several actin-binding proteins and intermediate filament proteins during oocyte cytokinesis, the preimplantation embryos as well as the stem cell development and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the participation of ROCK proteins in oocyte maturation, blastocyst formation, and stem cell development with a special focus on the selective targeting of ROCK isoforms, ROCK1, and ROCK2. The selective switching of cell fate through ROCK inhibition would provide a novel paradigm for in vitro oocyte maturation, experimental embryology, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammed A Tukur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh S Aljumaah
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramya A Sindi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Zhang W, Shen J, Zhang S, Liu X, Pan S, Li Y, Zhang L, He L, Niu Y. Silencing integrin α6 enhances the pluripotency-differentiation transition in human dental pulp stem cells. Oral Dis 2021; 28:711-722. [PMID: 33404136 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although integrins have been shown to be associated with proliferation and differentiation in some stem cells, the regulatory effect of integrin α6 (ITGα6) on the human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) has not been reported. Here, we detected the roles of ITGα6 in hDPSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Attached to Cytodex 3 microcarriers, hDPSCs grown under stimulated microgravity (SMG) or conventional culture conditions were measured the proliferation and different gene expression. Further, ITGα6 was silenced in hDPSCs, and its effect on proliferation, differentiation, and cytoskeletal organization was analyzed. RESULTS SMG conditions increased the number of Ki67-positive hDPSCs and progression into S phase of cell cycle. WB analysis showed the expression of ITGα6 was upregulated in hDPSCs under SMG conditions. Knockdown of ITGα6 decreased the expression of stemness markers, CD105 and STRO-1 in hDPSCs, but promoted the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation by increased ALP expression and Alizarin Red nodules. Moreover, RNA-seq demonstrated that RHO/ROCK signaling pathway upregulated silencing ITGα6-hDPSCs. Treatment with Y-27632 inhibited the effect of ITGα6 depletion on hDPSCs stemness, rearranged the cytoskeleton, promoted the pluripotency, proliferation ability, and inhibited the differentiation. CONCLUSION ITGα6 promotes hDPSCs stemness via inhibiting RHO/ROCK and restoring cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingling Shen
- Institute of Life Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina He
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yumei Niu
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13
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Blokland K, Pouwels S, Schuliga M, Knight D, Burgess J. Regulation of cellular senescence by extracellular matrix during chronic fibrotic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2681-2706. [PMID: 33084883 PMCID: PMC7578566 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of macromolecules surrounding cells providing structural support and stability to tissues. The understanding of the ECM and the diverse roles it plays in development, homoeostasis and injury have greatly advanced in the last three decades. The ECM is crucial for maintaining tissue homoeostasis but also many pathological conditions arise from aberrant matrix remodelling during ageing. Ageing is characterised as functional decline of tissue over time ultimately leading to tissue dysfunction, and is a risk factor in many diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, dementia, glaucoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and fibrosis. ECM changes are recognised as a major driver of aberrant cell responses. Mesenchymal cells in aged tissue show signs of growth arrest and resistance to apoptosis, which are indicative of cellular senescence. It was recently postulated that cellular senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic fibrotic diseases in the heart, kidney, liver and lung. Senescent cells negatively impact tissue regeneration while creating a pro-inflammatory environment as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) favouring disease progression. In this review, we explore and summarise the current knowledge around how aberrant ECM potentially influences the senescent phenotype in chronic fibrotic diseases. Lastly, we will explore the possibility for interventions in the ECM-senescence regulatory pathways for therapeutic potential in chronic fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj E.C. Blokland
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon D. Pouwels
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Lung Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schuliga
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A. Knight
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Aoki H, Yamashita M, Hashita T, Ogami K, Hoshino S, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Efficient differentiation and purification of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial progenitor cells and expansion with the use of inhibitors of ROCK, TGF-β, and GSK3β. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03493. [PMID: 32154424 PMCID: PMC7056658 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play crucial roles in maintaining vascular health and homeostasis. Both cell types have been used in regenerative therapy as well as in various in vitro models; however, the properties of primary human ECs and EPCs are dissimilar owing to differences in genetic backgrounds and sampling techniques. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are an alternative cell source of ECs and EPCs. However, owing to the low purity of differentiated cells from hiPSCs, purification via an antigen–antibody reaction, which damages the cells, is indispensable. Besides, owing to limited expandability, it is difficult to produce these cells in large numbers. Here we report the development of relatively simple differentiation and purification methods for hiPSC-derived EPCs (iEPCs). Furthermore, we discovered that a combination of three small molecules, that is, Y-27632 (a selective inhibitor of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase [ROCK]), A 83–01 (a receptor-like kinase inhibitor of transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]), and CHIR-99021 (a selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β [GSK3β] that also activates Wnt), dramatically stimulated protein synthesis-related pathways and enhanced the proliferative capacity of iEPCs. These findings will help to establish a supply system of EPCs at an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Misaki Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogami
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hoshino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Porazinski S, Parkin A, Pajic M. Rho-ROCK Signaling in Normal Physiology and as a Key Player in Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:99-127. [PMID: 32030687 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-ROCK signaling network has a range of specialized functions of key biological importance, including control of essential developmental processes such as morphogenesis and physiological processes including homeostasis, immunity, and wound healing. Deregulation of Rho-ROCK signaling actively contributes to multiple pathological conditions, and plays a major role in cancer development and progression. This dynamic network is critical in modulating the intricate communication between tumor cells, surrounding diverse stromal cells and the matrix, shaping the ever-changing microenvironment of aggressive tumors. In this chapter, we overview the complex regulation of the Rho-ROCK signaling axis, its role in health and disease, and analyze progress made with key approaches targeting the Rho-ROCK pathway for therapeutic benefit. Finally, we conclude by outlining likely future trends and key questions in the field of Rho-ROCK research, in particular surrounding Rho-ROCK signaling within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Porazinski
- Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Lab, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Parkin
- Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Lab, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Lab, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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16
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Liu Y, Yuan C, Zhou M, Tang K. Co-cultured Bone-marrow Derived and Tendon Stem Cells: Novel Seed Cells for Bone Regeneration. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:568-575. [PMID: 33817193 PMCID: PMC7874801 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon-bone healing after injury is an unsolved problem. Several types of stem cells are used as seed cells. However, the optimal co-culture ratio of different types of cells suitable for tissue engineering as well as the stimulator for facilitating the differentiation of stem cells in tendon-bone healing is unclear. In this study, the proliferation of both bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and tendon stem cells (TSCs) was increased at a 1:1 co-cultured ratio, and proliferation was suppressed by Tenascin C (TNC). TNC treatment can promote osteogenesis or chondrogenesis of both BMSCs and TSCs under a 1:1 co-cultured ratio. In addition, the expression level of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) increased in the process of TNC-induced osteogenesis and decreased in the process of TNC-induced chondrogenesis. Furthermore, the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) was upregulated during the osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of both BMSCs and TSCs after TNC treatment. Although our study was conducted in rats with no direct evaluation of the resulting cells for tendon-bone healing and regeneration, we show that the proliferation of BMSCs and TSCs was enhanced under a 1:1 co-cultured ratio. TNC has a significant impact on the proliferation and differentiation of co-cultured BMSCs and TSCs. IGF-IR, ROCK, and MEK may become involved in the process after TNC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400038
| | - Chengsong Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400038
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400038
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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17
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Aoki H, Yamashita M, Hashita T, Nakayama M, Yagi M, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Isolation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial progenitor cells from sac-like structures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:672-678. [PMID: 31178142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transplanted endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) repair blood vessels and exert regenerative effects on disorders such as lower limb ischemia. EPCs serve as a model for pathophysiological and pharmacokinetic studies, which is important for drug discovery. However, primary human EPCs are phenotypically unstable, which limits their clinical utility. Therefore, we employed human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to circumvent this problem. Here we focused on human iPS cell-derived sac-like structures (iPS-sacs), which contain endothelial lineage cells and hematopoietic lineage cells. Previous studies isolated only hematopoietic lineage cells from iPS-sacs. Therefore, here we attempted to isolate EPCs. However, iPS-sacs generated by a published protocol did not contain sufficient EPCs. Therefore, to generate iPS-sacs highly enriched in EPCs, we added the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) inhibitor CHIR-99021 to the culture medium early during differentiation. The cells rapidly differentiated into mesoderm to yield abundant EPCs, and CHIR-99021 increased the proportion of EPCs contained in iPS-sacs. EPCs, which were purified using anti-platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM1) antibody-conjugated beads, expressed markers of immature endothelial cells. Purified EPCs formed tube-like structures and incorporated acetylated low density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL), reflecting endothelial phenotypes. The simple method described here will likely improve regenerative medicine and facilitate basic studies on the endothelial lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Misaki Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Nakayama
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Yagi
- Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan; Educational Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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18
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Belt H, Koponen JK, Kekarainen T, Puttonen KA, Mäkinen PI, Niskanen H, Oja J, Wirth G, Koistinaho J, Kaikkonen MU, Ylä-Herttuala S. Temporal Dynamics of Gene Expression During Endothelial Cell Differentiation From Human iPS Cells: A Comparison Study of Signalling Factors and Small Molecules. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:16. [PMID: 29594149 PMCID: PMC5861200 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) therapy may promote vascular growth or reendothelization in a variety of disease conditions. However, the production of a cell therapy preparation containing differentiated, dividing cells presenting typical EC phenotype, functional properties and chemokine profile is challenging. We focused on comparative analysis of seven small molecule-mediated differentiation protocols of ECs from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Differentiated cells showed a typical surface antigen pattern of ECs as characterized with flow cytometry analysis, functional properties, such as tube formation and ability to uptake acetylated LDL. Gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing revealed an efficient silencing of pluripotency genes and upregulation of genes related to cellular adhesion during differentiation. In addition, distinct patterns of transcription factor expression were identified during cellular reprogramming providing targets for more effective differentiation protocols in the future. Altogether, our results suggest that the most optimal EC differentiation protocol includes early inhibition of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase and activation of cyclic AMP signaling, and inhibition of transforming growth factor beta signaling after mesodermal stage. These findings provide the first systematic characterization of the most potent signalling factors and small molecules used to generate ECs from human induced pluripotent stem cells and, consequently, this work improves the existing EC differentiation protocols and opens up new avenues for controlling cell fate for regenerative EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Belt
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonna K Koponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Katja A Puttonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri I Mäkinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joni Oja
- FinVector Vision Therapies Oy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Galina Wirth
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Yamamoto T, Ugawa Y, Kawamura M, Yamashiro K, Kochi S, Ideguchi H, Takashiba S. Modulation of microenvironment for controlling the fate of periodontal ligament cells: the role of Rho/ROCK signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:369-378. [PMID: 29086204 PMCID: PMC5842188 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells behave in a variety of ways when they perceive changes in their microenvironment; the behavior of cells is guided by their coordinated interactions with growth factors, niche cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Modulation of the microenvironment affects the cell morphology and multiple gene expressions. Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) signaling is one of the key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and actively and/or passively determines the cell fate, such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis, by reciprocal communication with the microenvironment. During periodontal wound healing, it is important to recruit the residential stem cells into the defect site for regeneration and homeostasis of the periodontal tissue. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells contain a heterogeneous fibroblast population, including mesenchymal stem cells, and contribute to the reconstruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Therefore, bio-regeneration of PDL cells has been the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy for decades. Recent stem cell researches have shed light on intrinsic ECM properties, providing paradigm shifts in cell fate determination. This review focuses on the role of ROCK activity and the effects of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK, in the modulation of ECM-microenvironment. Further, it presents the current understanding of how Rho/ROCK signaling affects the fate determination of stem cells, especially PDL cells. In addition, we have also discussed in detail the underlying mechanisms behind the reciprocal response to the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yuki Ugawa
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamashiro
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kochi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ideguchi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
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20
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Nie Y, Zhang K, Zhang S, Wang D, Han Z, Che Y, Kong D, Zhao Q, Han Z, He ZX, Liu N, Ma F, Li Z. Nitric oxide releasing hydrogel promotes endothelial differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:190-199. [PMID: 28859902 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of endothelial cells (ECs) holds great promise for treating various kinds of ischemic diseases. However, the major challenge in ECs-based therapy in clinical applications is to provide high quality and enough amounts of cells. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient system to direct endothelial differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using a controllable chitosan nitric oxide (NO)-releasing hydrogel (CS-NO). ESCs were plated onto the hydrogel culture system, and the expressions of differentiation markers were measured. We found that the expression of Flk-1 (early ECs marker) and VE-cadherin (mature ECs marker) increased obviously under the controlled NO releasing environment. Moreover, the Flk-1 upregulation was accompanied by the activation of the phospho-inositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. We also found that in the presence of the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), the endothelial commitment of ESCs was abolished, indicating the importance of Akt phosphorylation in the endothelial differentiation of ESCs. Interestingly, in the absence of NO, the activation of Akt phosphorylation alone by using AKT activator (SC-79) did not profoundly promote the endothelial differentiation of ESCs, suggesting an interdependent relationship between NO and the Akt phosphorylation in driving endothelial fate specification of ESCs. Taken together, we demonstrated that NO releasing in a continuous and controlled manner is a simple and efficient method for directing the endothelial differentiation of ESCs without adding growth factors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fascinating data continues to show that artificial stem cell niche not only serve as a physical supporting scaffold for stem cells proliferation, but also as a novel platform for directing stem cell differentiation. Because of the lack of proper microenvironment for generating therapeutic endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro, the source of ECs for transplantation is the major limitation in ECs-based therapy to clinical applications. The current study established a feeder cell-free, 2-dimensional culture system for promoting the differentiation processes of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) committed to the endothelial lineage via using a nitric oxide (NO) controlled releasing hydrogel (CS-NO). Notably, the NO releasing from the hydrogel could selectively up-regulate Flk-1 (early ECs marker) and VE-cadherin (mature ECs marker) in the absence of growth factors, which was of crucial importance in the endothelial differentiation of ESCs. In summary, the current study proposes a simple and efficient method for directing the endothelial differentiation of ESCs without extra growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Nie
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Dan Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibo Han
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem Cells, Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Che
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem Cells, Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Beijing, China
| | - Zuo-Xiang He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fengxia Ma
- State Key Lab of Experimental Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin, China.
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21
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Satoh T, Kurita M, Suga H, Eto H, Ozaki M, Takushima A, Harii K. Efficient isolation and culture of endothelial cells from venous malformation using the Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y27632. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2017; 52:60-66. [PMID: 28554252 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2017.1330754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The investigation of primary cells from a pathological lesion can elucidate the pathogenesis of diseases, but, for vascular malformations in humans, such basic research is still stagnant, because the isolation and culture of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is very difficult. To obtain a sufficient amount of ECs from venous malformation (VM) this study took advantage of a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, Y27632, which had been used for the efficient procurement of primary keratinocytes. METHODS ECs were isolated and cultured from VM lesions, combining enzymatic digestion, cell sorting, and Y27632. The proliferative effect of Y27632 on ECs was examined by proliferation assay. The characteristics of the ECs cultured with Y27632 by EC marker expression and tube formation assay were also examined. RESULTS Y27632 enhanced the proliferation of ECs and elongated the senescence of the cells. The expression of specific markers of ECs such as von Willebrand factor, endothelin-1, and VE-cadherin, was confirmed in the cells cultured with Y27632. In a tube formation assay, the cells cultured with Y27632 showed higher tube formation ability compared to the cells cultured without Y27632, indicating that Y27632 promoted the angiogenic capability of ECs. CONCLUSIONS The protocol using Y27632 offers a new EC culture methodology and provides a new option for the biological investigation of vascular malformations. This new method will contribute to other types of vascular biology research as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Satoh
- a Department of Plastic Surgery , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masakazu Kurita
- a Department of Plastic Surgery , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hirotaka Suga
- a Department of Plastic Surgery , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hitomi Eto
- a Department of Plastic Surgery , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mine Ozaki
- a Department of Plastic Surgery , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akihiko Takushima
- a Department of Plastic Surgery , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kiyonori Harii
- a Department of Plastic Surgery , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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22
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Seo HR, Joo HJ, Kim DH, Cui LH, Choi SC, Kim JH, Cho SW, Lee KB, Lim DS. Nanopillar Surface Topology Promotes Cardiomyocyte Differentiation through Cofilin-Mediated Cytoskeleton Rearrangement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16803-16812. [PMID: 28497946 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscaled surface patterning is an emerging potential method of directing the fate of stem cells. We adopted nanoscaled pillar gradient patterned cell culture plates with three diameter gradients [280-360 (GP 280/360), 200-280 (GP 200/280), and 120-200 nm (GP 120/200)] and investigated their cell fate-modifying effect on multipotent fetal liver kinase 1-positive mesodermal precursor cells (Flk1+ MPCs) derived from embryonic stem cells. We observed increased cell proliferation and colony formation of the Flk1+ MPCs on the nanopattern plates. Interestingly, the 200-280 nm-sized (GP 200/280) pillar surface dramatically increased cardiomyocyte differentiation and expression of the early cardiac marker gene Mesp1. The gradient nanopattern surface-induced cardiomyocytes had cardiac sarcomeres with mature cardiac gene expression. We observed Vinculin and p-Cofilin-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization during this process. In summary, the gradient nanopattern surface with 200-280 nm-sized pillars enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation in Flk1+ MPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sung Woo Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital , 9 Mareunnae-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04551, Republic of Korea
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23
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Korostylev A, Mahaddalkar PU, Keminer O, Hadian K, Schorpp K, Gribbon P, Lickert H. A high-content small molecule screen identifies novel inducers of definitive endoderm. Mol Metab 2017; 6:640-650. [PMID: 28702321 PMCID: PMC5485240 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can generate any given cell type in the human body. One challenge for cell-replacement therapy is the efficient differentiation and expansion of large quantities of progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP). FOXA2 and SOX17 double positive definitive endoderm (DE) progenitor cells can give rise to all endoderm-derived cell types in the thymus, thyroid, lung, pancreas, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. FOXA2 is a pioneer transcription factor in DE differentiation that is also expressed and functionally required during pancreas development and islet cell homeostasis. Current differentiation protocols can successfully generate endoderm; however, generation of mature glucose-sensitive and insulin-secreting β-cells is still a challenge. As a result, it is of utmost importance to screen for small molecules that can improve DE and islet cell differentiation for cell-replacement therapy for diabetic patients. Methods The aim of this study was to identify and validate small molecules that can induce DE differentiation and further enhance pancreatic progenitor differentiation. Therefore, we developed a large scale, high-content screen for testing a chemical library of 23,406 small molecules to identify compounds that induce FoxA2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Results Based on our high-content screen algorithm, we selected 84 compounds that directed differentiation of mESCs towards the FoxA2 lineage. Strikingly, we identified ROCK inhibition (ROCKi) as a novel mechanism of endoderm induction in mESCs and hESCs. DE induced by the ROCK inhibitor Fasudil efficiently gives rise to PDX1+ pancreatic progenitors from hESCs. Conclusion Taken together, DE induction by ROCKi can simplify and improve current endoderm and pancreatic differentiation protocols towards a GMP-grade cell product for β-cell replacement. High content screen of 23,406 small molecules identifies novel definitive endoderm inducers Fasudil and RKI-1447 in mESCs. Fasudil and RKI-1447 induce anterior definitive endoderm differentiation in mESCs and hESCs through ROCK inhibition. Fasudil and RKI-1447 further differentiates the ADE cells into PDX1+ pancreatic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Korostylev
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Keminer
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Ökologie IME, ScreeningPort, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Ökologie IME, ScreeningPort, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
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24
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Generation of PDGFRα + Cardioblasts from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41840. [PMID: 28165490 PMCID: PMC5292955 DOI: 10.1038/srep41840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolating actively proliferating cardioblasts is the first crucial step for cardiac regeneration through cell implantation. However, the origin and identity of putative cardioblasts are still unclear. Here, we uncover a novel class of cardiac lineage cells, PDGFRα+Flk1− cardioblasts (PCBs), from mouse and human pluripotent stem cells induced using CsAYTE, a combination of the small molecules Cyclosporin A, the rho-associated coiled-coil kinase inhibitor Y27632, the antioxidant Trolox, and the ALK5 inhibitor EW7197. This novel population of actively proliferating cells is cardiac lineage–committed but in a morphologically and functionally immature state compared to mature cardiomyocytes. Most important, most of CsAYTE-induced PCBs spontaneously differentiated into functional αMHC+ cardiomyocytes (M+CMs) and could be a potential cellular resource for cardiac regeneration.
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25
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SoxF Transcription Factors Are Positive Feedback Regulators of VEGF Signaling. Circ Res 2016; 119:839-52. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is a key pathway for angiogenesis and requires highly coordinated regulation. Although the Notch pathway-mediated suppression of excessive VEGF activity via negative feedback is well known, the positive feedback control for augmenting VEGF signaling remains poorly understood. Transcription factor Sox17 is indispensable for angiogenesis, but its association with VEGF signaling is largely unknown. The contribution of other Sox members to angiogenesis also remains to be determined.
Objective:
To reveal the genetic interaction of Sox7, another Sox member, with Sox17 in developmental angiogenesis and their functional relationship with VEGF signaling.
Methods and Results:
Sox7 is expressed specifically in endothelial cells and its global and endothelial-specific deletion resulted in embryonic lethality with severely impaired angiogenesis in mice, substantially overlapping with Sox17 in both expression and function. Interestingly, compound heterozygosity for
Sox7
and
Sox17
phenocopied vascular defects of
Sox7
or
Sox17
homozygous knockout, indicating that the genetic cooperation of Sox7 and Sox17 is sensitive to their combined gene dosage. VEGF signaling upregulated both Sox7 and Sox17 expression in angiogenesis via mTOR pathway. Furthermore, Sox7 and Sox17 promoted VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2) expression in angiogenic vessels, suggesting a positive feedback loop between VEGF signaling and SoxF.
Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that SoxF transcription factors are indispensable players in developmental angiogenesis by acting as positive feedback regulators of VEGF signaling.
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Uzawa K, Kasamatsu A, Saito T, Takahara T, Minakawa Y, Koike K, Yamatoji M, Nakashima D, Higo M, Sakamoto Y, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H. Long-term culture of human odontoma-derived cells with a Rho kinase inhibitor. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:232-240. [PMID: 27514999 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of cellular senescence/apoptosis, no effective culture systems are available to maintain replication of cells from odontogenic tumors especially for odontoma, and, thus, the ability to isolate human odontoma-derived cells (hODCs) for functional studies is needed. The current study was undertaken to develop an approach to isolate hODCs and fully characterize the cells in vitro. The hODCs were cultured successfully with a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) for an extended period with stabilized lengths of the telomeres to sustain a similar phenotype/property as the primary tumoral cells. While the hODCs showed stable long-term expansion with expression of major dental epithelial markers including dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) even in the three-dimensional microenvironment, they lack the specific markers for the characteristics of stem cells. Moreover, cells from dental pulp showed significant up-regulation of DSPP when co-cultured with the hODCs, while control fibroblasts with the hODCs did not. Taken together, we propose that the hODCs can be isolated and expanded over the long term with Y-27632 to investigate not only the development of the hODCs but also other types of benign human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Saito
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takahara
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Minakawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Koike
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamatoji
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Morihiro Higo
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
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27
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Nguyen MT, Krupa M, Koo BK, Song JA, Vu TTT, Do BH, Nguyen AN, Seo T, Yoo J, Jeong B, Jin J, Lee KJ, Oh HB, Choe H. Prokaryotic Soluble Overexpression and Purification of Human VEGF165 by Fusion to a Maltose Binding Protein Tag. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156296. [PMID: 27231876 PMCID: PMC4883780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis and plays a central role in the process of tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Escherichia coli is one of the most common expression systems used for the production of recombinant proteins; however, expression of human VEGF in E. coli has proven difficult because the E. coli-expressed VEGF tends to be misfolded and forms inclusion bodies, resulting in poor solubility. In this study, we successfully produced semi-preparative amounts of soluble bioactive human VEGF165 (hVEGF). We created seven N-terminal fusion tag constructs with hexahistidine (His6), thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose-binding protein (MBP), N-utilization substance protein A (NusA), human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and the b'a' domain of PDI (PDIb'a'), and tested each construct for soluble overexpression in E. coli. We found that at 18°C, 92.8% of the MBP-tagged hVEGF to be soluble and that this tag significantly increased the protein's solubility. We successfully purified 0.8 mg of pure hVEGF per 500 mL cell culture. The purified hVEGF is stable after tag cleavage, contains very low levels of endotoxin, and is 97.6% pure. Using an Flk1+ mesodermal precursor cell (MPC) differentiation assay, we show that the purified hVEGF is not only bioactive but has similar bioactivity to hVEGF produced in mammalian cells. Previous reports on producing hVEGF in E. coli have all been based on refolding of the protein from inclusion bodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report on successfully expressing and purifying soluble hVEGF in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tan Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Martin Krupa
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bon-Kyung Koo
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jung-A Song
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Thu Trang Thi Vu
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bich Hang Do
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Anh Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Taewook Seo
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jiwon Yoo
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Boram Jeong
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, New Drug Development Center, Division of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Chungbuk, 363–951, Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Heung-Bum Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- * E-mail:
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28
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Hong S, Lee JY, Hwang C, Shin JH, Park Y. Inhibition of Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Increases the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates via Paracrine Effects. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:233-43. [PMID: 26592750 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of multiple cells, such as mesenchymal condensation, is an important biological process in skeletal muscle development, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis. Due to limited in vivo study model systems, a simple and effective in vitro three-dimensional (3D) aggregation system is required to study the mechanisms of multicellular aggregation and its applications. We first generated controlled mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aggregates using a bioprinting technique to monitor their aggregation and sprouting. We induced the angiogenic potential of the MSCs through chemical inhibition of the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway, which led to hairy sprouting in the aggregates. The angiogenic potential of this 3D construct was then tested by subcutaneously implanting the Matrigel with 3D MSC aggregates in a rat. Treatment of 3D MSCs with the ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, increased their angiogenic activity in vivo. The gene expressions and histological staining indicated that angiogenesis and neovascularization were mainly regulated by the paracrine factors secreted from human 3D MSC constructs. Our results demonstrate the enhancement of the angiogenic potential of the MSC constructs through the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) by the inhibition of the Rho/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hong
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Lee
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Changmo Hwang
- 2 Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering , KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Korea
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29
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Wang L, Xiang M, Liu Y, Sun N, Lu M, Shi Y, Wang X, Meng D, Chen S, Qin J. Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived endothelial cells mimicking vascular inflammatory response under flow. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014106. [PMID: 26858818 PMCID: PMC4714980 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) have great potential in vascular diseases research and regenerative medicine. Autologous human ECs are difficult to acquire in sufficient numbers in vitro, and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer unique opportunity to generate ECs for these purposes. In this work, we present a new and efficient method to simply differentiate human iPSCs into functional ECs, which can respond to physiological level of flow and inflammatory stimulation on a fabricated microdevice. The endothelial-like cells were differentiated from human iPSCs within only one week, according to the inducing development principle. The expression of endothelial progenitor and endothelial marker genes (GATA2, RUNX1, CD34, and CD31) increased on the second and fourth days after the initial inducing process. The differentiated ECs exhibited strong expression of cells-specific markers (CD31 and von Willebrand factor antibody), similar to that present in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, the hiPSC derived ECs were able to form tubular structure and respond to vascular-like flow generated on a microdevice. Furthermore, the human induced pluripotent stem cell-endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) pretreated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were susceptible to adhesion to human monocyte line U937 under flow condition, indicating the feasibility of this hiPSCs derived microsystem for mimicking the inflammatory response of endothelial cells under physiological and pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifeng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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30
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Kim K, Ossipova O, Sokol SY. Neural crest specification by inhibition of the ROCK/Myosin II pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 33:674-85. [PMID: 25346532 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest is a population of multipotent progenitor cells that form at the border of neural and non-neural ectoderm in vertebrate embryos, and undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration. According to the traditional view, the neural crest is specified in early embryos by signaling molecules including BMP, FGF, and Wnt proteins. Here, we identify a novel signaling pathway leading to neural crest specification, which involves Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and its downstream target nonmuscle Myosin II. We show that ROCK inhibitors promote differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into neural crest-like progenitors (NCPs) that are characterized by specific molecular markers and ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, including neurons, chondrocytes, osteocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Moreover, inhibition of Myosin II was sufficient for generating NCPs at high efficiency. Whereas Myosin II has been previously implicated in the self-renewal and survival of hESCs, we demonstrate its role in neural crest development during ESC differentiation. Inhibition of this pathway in Xenopus embryos expanded neural crest in vivo, further indicating that neural crest specification is controlled by ROCK-dependent Myosin II activity. We propose that changes in cell morphology in response to ROCK and Myosin II inhibition initiate mechanical signaling leading to neural crest fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongmi Kim
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Chan XY, Black R, Dickerman K, Federico J, Lévesque M, Mumm J, Gerecht S. Three-Dimensional Vascular Network Assembly From Diabetic Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2677-85. [PMID: 26449749 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In diabetics, hyperglycemia results in deficient endothelial progenitors and cells, leading to cardiovascular complications. We aim to engineer 3-dimensional (3D) vascular networks in synthetic hydrogels from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), to serve as a transformative autologous vascular therapy for diabetic patients. APPROACH AND RESULTS We validated and optimized an adherent, feeder-free differentiation procedure to derive early vascular cells (EVCs) with high portions of vascular endothelial cadherin-positive cells from hiPSCs. We demonstrate similar differentiation efficiency from hiPSCs derived from healthy donor and patients with T1D. T1D-hiPSC-derived vascular endothelial cadherin-positive cells can mature to functional endothelial cells-expressing mature markers: von Willebrand factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are capable of lectin binding and acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake, form cords in Matrigel and respond to tumor necrosis factor-α. When embedded in engineered hyaluronic acid hydrogels, T1D-EVCs undergo morphogenesis and assemble into 3D networks. When encapsulated in a novel hypoxia-inducible hydrogel, T1D-EVCs respond to low oxygen and form 3D networks. As xenografts, T1D-EVCs incorporate into developing zebrafish vasculature. CONCLUSIONS Using our robust protocol, we can direct efficient differentiation of T1D-hiPSC to EVCs. Early endothelial cells derived from T1D-hiPSC are functional when mature. T1D-EVCs self-assembled into 3D networks when embedded in hyaluronic acid and hypoxia-inducible hydrogels. The capability of T1D-EVCs to assemble into 3D networks in engineered matrices and to respond to a hypoxic microenvironment is a significant advancement for autologous vascular therapy in diabetic patients and has broad importance for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Chan
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rebecca Black
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kayla Dickerman
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph Federico
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mathieu Lévesque
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeff Mumm
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Joo HJ, Song S, Seo HR, Shin JH, Choi SC, Park JH, Yu CW, Hong SJ, Lim DS. Human endothelial colony forming cells from adult peripheral blood have enhanced sprouting angiogenic potential through up-regulating VEGFR2 signaling. Int J Cardiol 2015; 197:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Cheng YT, Yeih DF, Liang SM, Chien CY, Yu YL, Ko BS, Jan YJ, Kuo CC, Sung LY, Shyue SK, Chen MF, Yet SF, Wu KK, Liou JY. Rho-associated kinase inhibitors promote the cardiac differentiation of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:441-8. [PMID: 26313863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) plays an important role in maintaining embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency. To determine whether ROCK is involved in ES cell differentiation into cardiac and hematopoietic lineages, we evaluated the effect of ROCK inhibitors, Y-27632 and fasudil on murine ES and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell differentiation. METHODS Gene expression levels were determined by real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. Cell transplantation of induced differentiated cells were assessed in vivo in a mouse model (three groups, n=8/group) of acute myocardial infarction (MI). The cell engraftment was examined by immunohistochemical staining and the outcome was analyzed by echocardiography. RESULTS Cells were cultured in hematopoietic differentiation medium in the presence or absence of ROCK inhibitor and colony formation as well as markers of ES, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and cells of cardiac lineages were analyzed. ROCK inhibition resulted in a drastic change in colony morphology accompanied by loss of hematopoietic markers (GATA-1, CD41 and β-Major) and expressed markers of cardiac lineages (GATA-4, Isl-1, Tbx-5, Tbx-20, MLC-2a, MLC-2v, α-MHC, cTnI and cTnT) in murine ES and iPS cells. Fasudil-induced cardiac progenitor (Mesp-1 expressing) cells were infused into a murine MI model. They engrafted into the peri-infarct and infarct regions and preserved left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into the signaling required for ES cell differentiation into hematopoietic as well as cardiac lineages and suggest that ROCK inhibitors are useful in directing iPS cell differentiation into cardiac progenitor cells for cell therapy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Cheng
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Feng Yeih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Man Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Chien
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Yu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Metabolomic Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Li Z, Han S, Wang X, Han F, Zhu X, Zheng Z, Wang H, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Su L, Shi J, Tang C, Hu D. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 promotes the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into keratinocyte-like cells in xeno-free conditioned medium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:17. [PMID: 25889377 PMCID: PMC4393638 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which have the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into multiple cell types, have recently become a novel strategy for cell-based therapies. The differentiation of BMSCs into keratinocytes may be beneficial for patients with burns, disease, or trauma. However, the currently available cells are exposed to animal materials during their cultivation and induction. These xeno-contaminations severely limit their clinical outcomes. Previous studies have shown that the Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 can promote induction efficiency and regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. In the present study, we attempted to establish a xeno-free system for the differentiation of BMSCs into keratinocytes and to investigate whether Y-27632 can facilitate this differentiation. METHODS BMSCs isolated from patients were cultured by using a xeno-free system and characterised by using flow cytometric analysis and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation assays. Human primary keratinocytes were also isolated from patients. Then, the morphology, population doubling time, and β-galactosidase staining level of these cells were evaluated in the presence or absence of Y-27632 to determine the effects of Y-27632 on the state of the keratinocytes. Keratinocyte-like cells (KLCs) were detected at different time points by immunocytofluorescence analysis. Moreover, the efficiency of BMSC differentiation under different conditions was measured by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. RESULTS The ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 promoted the proliferation and lifespan of human primary keratinocytes. In addition, we showed that keratinocyte-specific markers could be detected in BMSCs cultured in a xeno-free system using keratinocyte-conditioned medium (KCM) independent of the presence of Y-27632. However, the efficiency of the differentiation of BMSCs into KLCs was significantly higher in the presence of Y-27632 using immunofluorescence, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Y-27632 could promote the proliferation and survival of human primary keratinocytes in a xeno-free culture system. In addition, we found that BMSCs have the ability to differentiate into KLCs in KCM and that Y-27632 can facilitate this differentiation. Our results suggest that BMSCs are capable of differentiating into KLCs in vitro and that the ROCK pathway may play a critical role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shichao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xingqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fu Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiongxiang Zhu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhao Zheng
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yunchuan Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Linlin Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chaowu Tang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Lee SH, Lee S, Yang H, Song S, Kim K, Saunders TL, Yoon JK, Koh GY, Kim I. Notch pathway targets proangiogenic regulator Sox17 to restrict angiogenesis. Circ Res 2014; 115:215-26. [PMID: 24755984 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.303142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The Notch pathway stabilizes sprouting angiogenesis by favoring stalk cells over tip cells at the vascular front. Because tip and stalk cells have different properties in morphology and function, their transcriptional regulation remains to be distinguished. Transcription factor Sox17 is specifically expressed in endothelial cells, but its expression and role at the vascular front remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To specify the role of Sox17 and its relationship with the Notch pathway in sprouting angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial-specific Sox17 deletion reduces sprouting angiogenesis in mouse embryonic and postnatal vascular development, whereas Sox17 overexpression increases it. Sox17 promotes endothelial migration by destabilizing endothelial junctions and rearranging cytoskeletal structure and upregulates expression of several genes preferentially expressed in tip cells. Interestingly, Sox17 expression is suppressed in stalk cells in which Notch signaling is relatively high. Notch activation by overexpressing Notch intracellular domain reduces Sox17 expression both in primary endothelial cells and in retinal angiogenesis, whereas Notch inhibition by delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) blockade increases it. The Notch pathway regulates Sox17 expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Furthermore, endothelial Sox17 ablation rescues vascular network from excessive tip cell formation and hyperbranching under Notch inhibition in developmental and tumor angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the Notch pathway restricts sprouting angiogenesis by reducing the expression of proangiogenic regulator Sox17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hun Lee
- From the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (S.-H.L., S.L., H.Y., S.S., K.K., G.Y.K., I.K.) and Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (S.-H.L., G.Y.K., I.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (S.L.); Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (T.L.S.); and Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (J.K.Y.)
| | - Sungsu Lee
- From the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (S.-H.L., S.L., H.Y., S.S., K.K., G.Y.K., I.K.) and Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (S.-H.L., G.Y.K., I.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (S.L.); Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (T.L.S.); and Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (J.K.Y.)
| | - Hanseul Yang
- From the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (S.-H.L., S.L., H.Y., S.S., K.K., G.Y.K., I.K.) and Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (S.-H.L., G.Y.K., I.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (S.L.); Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (T.L.S.); and Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (J.K.Y.)
| | - Sukhyun Song
- From the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (S.-H.L., S.L., H.Y., S.S., K.K., G.Y.K., I.K.) and Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (S.-H.L., G.Y.K., I.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (S.L.); Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (T.L.S.); and Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (J.K.Y.)
| | - Kangsan Kim
- From the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (S.-H.L., S.L., H.Y., S.S., K.K., G.Y.K., I.K.) and Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (S.-H.L., G.Y.K., I.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (S.L.); Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (T.L.S.); and Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (J.K.Y.)
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- From the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (S.-H.L., S.L., H.Y., S.S., K.K., G.Y.K., I.K.) and Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (S.-H.L., G.Y.K., I.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (S.L.); Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (T.L.S.); and Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (J.K.Y.)
| | - Jeong K Yoon
- From the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (S.-H.L., S.L., H.Y., S.S., K.K., G.Y.K., I.K.) and Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (S.-H.L., G.Y.K., I.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (S.L.); Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (T.L.S.); and Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (J.K.Y.)
| | - Gou Young Koh
- From the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (S.-H.L., S.L., H.Y., S.S., K.K., G.Y.K., I.K.) and Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (S.-H.L., G.Y.K., I.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (S.L.); Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (T.L.S.); and Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (J.K.Y.)
| | - Injune Kim
- From the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (S.-H.L., S.L., H.Y., S.S., K.K., G.Y.K., I.K.) and Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program (S.-H.L., G.Y.K., I.K.), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (S.L.); Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (T.L.S.); and Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (J.K.Y.)
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Cho SW, Park JS, Heo HJ, Park SW, Song S, Kim I, Han YM, Yamashita JK, Youm JB, Han J, Koh GY. Dual modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and redox signaling synergistically promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000693. [PMID: 24627421 PMCID: PMC4187507 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocytes that differentiate from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a crucial cellular resource for cardiac regeneration. The mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolic and redox regulation for efficient cardiomyocyte differentiation are, however, still poorly understood. Here, we show that inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) by Cyclosporin A (CsA) promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation from PSCs. Methods and Results We induced cardiomyocyte differentiation from mouse and human PSCs and examined the effect of CsA on the differentiation process. The cardiomyogenic effect of CsA mainly resulted from mPTP inhibition rather than from calcineurin inhibition. The mPTP inhibitor NIM811, which does not have an inhibitory effect on calcineurin, promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation as much as CsA did, but calcineurin inhibitor FK506 only slightly increased cardiomyocyte differentiation. CsA‐treated cells showed an increase in mitochondrial calcium, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate, ATP level, and expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism reduced the cardiomyogenic effect of CsA while antioxidant treatment augmented the cardiomyogenic effect of CsA. Conclusions Our data show that mPTP inhibition by CsA alters mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and redox signaling, which leads to differentiation of functional cardiomyocytes from PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Cho
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cell, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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Mellott AJ, Godsey ME, Shinogle HE, Moore DS, Forrest ML, Detamore MS. Improving viability and transfection efficiency with human umbilical cord wharton's jelly cells through use of a ROCK inhibitor. Cell Reprogram 2014; 16:91-7. [PMID: 24552552 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2013.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiating stem cells using gene delivery is a key strategy in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Nonviral gene delivery bypasses several safety concerns associated with viral gene delivery; however, leading nonviral techniques, such as electroporation, subject cells to high stress and can result in poor cell viabilities. Inhibition of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) has been shown to mitigate apoptotic mechanisms associated with detachment and freezing of induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells; however, inhibiting ROCK in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for improving gene delivery applications has not been reported previously. In this study, we hypothesized that ROCK Inhibitor (RI) would improve cell viability and gene expression in primary human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) when transfected via Nucleofection™. As hypothesized, the pre-treatment and post-treatment of hUCMSCs transfected via nucleofection with Y-27632-RI significantly improved survival rates of hUCMSCs and gene expression as measured by green fluorescent protein intensity. This study provides the first comparative look at the effect of Y-27632-RI on hUCMSCs that underwent transfection via nucleofection and shows that using Y-27632-RI in concert with nucleofection could greatly enhance the utility of differentiating and reprogramming hUCMSCs for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Mellott
- 1 Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS, 66045
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Kim C, Yang H, Fukushima Y, Saw PE, Lee J, Park JS, Park I, Jung J, Kataoka H, Lee D, Heo WD, Kim I, Jon S, Adams RH, Nishikawa SI, Uemura A, Koh GY. Vascular RhoJ is an effective and selective target for tumor angiogenesis and vascular disruption. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:102-17. [PMID: 24434213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Current antiangiogenic therapy is limited by its cytostatic nature and systemic side effects. To address these limitations, we have unveiled the role of RhoJ, an endothelial-enriched Rho GTPase, during tumor progression. RhoJ blockade provides a double assault on tumor vessels by both inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and disrupting the preformed tumor vessels through the activation of the RhoA-ROCK (Rho kinase) signaling pathway in tumor endothelial cells, consequently resulting in a functional failure of tumor vasculatures. Moreover, enhanced anticancer effects were observed when RhoJ blockade was employed in concert with a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, angiogenesis-inhibiting agent, or vascular-disrupting agent. These results identify RhoJ blockade as a selective and effective therapeutic strategy for targeting tumor vasculature with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kim
- National Research Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cells, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hanseul Yang
- National Research Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cells, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yoko Fukushima
- Division of Vascular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Junyeop Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cells, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- National Research Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cells, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Intae Park
- National Research Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cells, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jinmyung Jung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Injune Kim
- National Research Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cells, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Shin-Ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Division of Vascular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Gou Young Koh
- National Research Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Stem Cells, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
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Jung AS, Koo BK, Chong SH, Kim K, Choi DK, Thi Vu TT, Nguyen MT, Jeong B, Ryu HB, Kim I, Jang YJ, Robinson RC, Choe H. Soluble expression of human leukemia inhibitory factor with protein disulfide isomerase in Escherichia coli and its simple purification. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83781. [PMID: 24358310 PMCID: PMC3865251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) is a multifunctional cytokine that is essential for maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. hLIF may be also be useful in aiding fertility through its effects on increasing the implantation rate of fertilized eggs. Thus these applications in biomedical research and clinical medicine create a high demand for bioactive hLIF. However, production of active hLIF is problematic since eukaryotic cells demonstrate limited expression and prokaryotic cells produce insoluble protein. Here, we have adopted a hybrid protein disulfide isomerase design to increase the solubility of hLIF in Escherichia coli. Low temperature expression of hLIF fused to the b'a' domain of protein disulfide isomerase (PDIb'a') increased the soluble expression in comparison to controls. A simple purification protocol for bioactive hLIF was established that includes removal of the PDIb'a' domain by cleavage by TEV protease. The resulting hLIF, which contains one extra glycine residue at the N-terminus, was highly pure and demonstrated endotoxin levels below 0.05 EU/μg. The presence of an intramolecular disulfide bond was identified using mass spectroscopy. This purified hLIF effectively maintained the pluripotency of a murine embryonic stem cell line. Thus we have developed an effective method to produce a pure bioactive version of hLIF in E. coli for use in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Song Jung
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bon-Kyung Koo
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Ha Chong
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyunhoo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Thu Trang Thi Vu
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minh Tan Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Jeong
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Bong Ryu
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Injune Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Robert Charles Robinson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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