1
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Joshi P, Keyvani Chahi A, Liu L, Moreira S, Vujovic A, Hope KJ. RNA binding protein-directed control of leukemic stem cell evolution and function. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e116. [PMID: 39175825 PMCID: PMC11339706 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Strict control over hematopoietic stem cell decision making is essential for healthy life-long blood production and underpins the origins of hematopoietic diseases. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in particular is a devastating hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the clonal evolution of disease-initiating primitive cells which acquire compounding genetic changes over time and culminate in the generation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Understanding the molecular underpinnings of these driver cells throughout their development will be instrumental in the interception of leukemia, the enabling of effective treatment of pre-leukemic conditions, as well as the development of strategies to target frank AML disease. To this point, a number of precancerous myeloid disorders and age-related alterations are proving as instructive models to gain insights into the initiation of LSCs. Here, we explore this myeloid dysregulation at the level of post-transcriptional control, where RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) function as core effectors. Through regulating the interplay of a myriad of RNA metabolic processes, RBPs orchestrate transcript fates to govern gene expression in health and disease. We describe the expanding appreciation of the role of RBPs and their post-transcriptional networks in sustaining healthy hematopoiesis and their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of clonal myeloid disorders and AML, with a particular emphasis on findings described in human stem cells. Lastly, we discuss key breakthroughs that highlight RBPs and post-transcriptional control as actionable targets for precision therapy of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Joshi
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Ava Keyvani Chahi
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Lina Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Steven Moreira
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Ana Vujovic
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Kristin J. Hope
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
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2
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Cao Y, Qiu G, Dong Y, Zhao W, Wang Y. Exploring the role of m 6 A writer RBM15 in cancer: a systematic review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1375942. [PMID: 38915367 PMCID: PMC11194397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1375942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the contemporary epoch, cancer stands as the predominant cause of premature global mortality, necessitating a focused exploration of molecular markers and advanced therapeutic strategies. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent mRNA modification, undergoes dynamic regulation by enzymes referred to as methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and effective proteins (readers). Despite lacking methylation activity, RNA-binding motif protein 15 (RBM15), a member of the m6A writer family, assumes a crucial role in recruiting the methyltransferase complex (MTC) and binding to mRNA. Although the impact of m6A modifications on cancer has garnered widespread attention, RBM15 has been relatively overlooked. This review briefly outlines the structure and operational mechanism, and delineates the unique role of RBM15 in various cancers, shedding light on its molecular basis and providing a groundwork for potential tumor-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Fourth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guanzhen Qiu
- Fourth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang 242 Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Fourth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Fourth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Fourth Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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3
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Cheng H, Wu J, Li L, Song X, Xue J, Shi Y, Zou Y, Ma J, Ge J. RBM15 Protects From Myocardial Infarction by Stabilizing NAE1. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:631-648. [PMID: 38984049 PMCID: PMC11228393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins play multiple roles in several biological processes. However, the roles of RBM15-an important RNA-binding protein and a significant regulator of RNA methylation-in cardiovascular diseases remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the biological function of RBM15 and its fundamental mechanisms in myocardial infarction (MI). Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was used to explore the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) difference between MI and normal tissues. Our findings showed the elevated level of m6A in MI, and its transcription profile in both MI and normal tissues. RBM15 was the main regulator and its overexpression attenuated apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and improved cardiac function in mice after MI. Then, we used one target NEDD8 activating enzyme E1 subunit and its inhibitor (MLN4924) to investigate the impact of RBM15 targets on cardiomyocytes. Finally, the enhanced m6A methylation in the presence of RBM15 overexpression led to the increased expression and stability of NEDD8 activating enzyme E1 subunit. Our findings suggest that the enhanced m6A level is a protective mechanism in MI, and RBM15 is significantly upregulated in MI and promotes cardiac function. This study showed that RBM15 affected MI by stabilizing its target on the cell apoptosis function, which might provide a new insight into MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Linnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqiang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuekai Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Cui L, Zheng Y, Xu R, Lin Y, Zheng J, Lin P, Guo B, Sun S, Zhao X. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing in stem cell function and therapeutic potential: A critical review of current evidence. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131781. [PMID: 38657924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a crucial regulator in stem cell biology, intricately influencing the functions of various biological macromolecules, particularly pre-mRNAs and the resultant protein isoforms. This regulatory mechanism is vital in determining stem cell pluripotency, differentiation, and proliferation. Alternative splicing's role in allowing single genes to produce multiple protein isoforms facilitates the proteomic diversity that is essential for stem cells' functional complexity. This review delves into the critical impact of alternative splicing on cellular functions, focusing on its interaction with key macromolecules and how this affects cellular behavior. We critically examine how alternative splicing modulates the function and stability of pre-mRNAs, leading to diverse protein expressions that govern stem cell characteristics, including pluripotency, self-renewal, survival, proliferation, differentiation, aging, migration, somatic reprogramming, and genomic stability. Furthermore, the review discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting alternative splicing-related pathways in disease treatment, particularly focusing on the modulation of RNA and protein interactions. We address the challenges and future prospects in this field, underscoring the need for further exploration to unravel the complex interplay between alternative splicing, RNA, proteins, and stem cell behaviors, which is crucial for advancing our understanding and therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongwei Xu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China; Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pei Lin
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Dentistry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuyu Sun
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Sudhakar SRN, Khan SN, Clark A, Hendrickson-Rebizant T, Patel S, Lakowski TM, Davie JR. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1, a major regulator of biological processes. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:106-126. [PMID: 37922507 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is a major type I arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of monomethyl and asymmetric dimethylarginine in protein substrates. It was first identified to asymmetrically methylate histone H4 at the third arginine residue forming the H4R3me2a active histone mark. However, several protein substrates are now identified as being methylated by PRMT1. As a result of its association with diverse classes of substrates, PRMT1 regulates several biological processes like chromatin dynamics, transcription, RNA processing, and signal transduction. The review provides an overview of PRMT1 structure, biochemical features, specificity, regulation, and role in cellular functions. We discuss the genomic distribution of PRMT1 and its association with tRNA genes. Further, we explore the different substrates of PRMT1 involved in splicing. In the end, we discuss the proteins that interact with PRMT1 and their downstream effects in diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana R N Sudhakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - Shahper N Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - Ariel Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | | | - Shrinal Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
| | - Ted M Lakowski
- College of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - James R Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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6
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Li X, Zhao Y, Kong H, Song C, Liu J, Xia J. Identification of region-specific splicing QTLs in human hippocampal tissue and its distinctive role in brain disorders. iScience 2023; 26:107958. [PMID: 37810239 PMCID: PMC10558811 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) regulation has an essential role in complex diseases. However, the AS profiles in the hippocampal (HIPPO) region of human brain are underexplored. Here, we investigated cis-acting sQTLs of HIPPO region in 264 samples and identified thousands of significant sQTLs. By enrichment analysis and functional characterization of these sQTLs, we found that the HIPPO sQTLs were enriched among histone-marked regions, transcription factors binding sites, RNA binding proteins sites, and brain disorders-associated loci. Comparative analyses with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex revealed the importance of AS regulation in HIPPO (rg = 0.87). Furthermore, we performed a transcriptome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease and identified 16 significant genes whose genetically regulated splicing levels may have a causal role in Alzheimer. Overall, our study improves our knowledge of the transcriptome gene regulation in the HIPPO region and provides novel insights into elucidating the pathogenesis of potential genes associated with brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hui Kong
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Junfeng Xia
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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7
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Chen N, Quan Y, Chen M, Lu Y, Yang L, Wang S, Chen F, Xu Y, Shen M, Zeng H, Chen S, Wang F, Wang J, Hu M. Melanocortin/MC5R axis regulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in mice after ionizing radiation injury. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3199-3212. [PMID: 36920787 PMCID: PMC10338215 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess great self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation abilities, which contribute to the continuous generation of various blood cells. Although many intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been found to maintain HSC homeostasis, the precise regulation of hematopoiesis under stress conditions is poorly understood. In this study, we show that melanocortin receptor 5 (MC5R) is abundantly expressed in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using an MC5R knockout mouse model, we observed that it is not essential for steady-state hematopoiesis. Interestingly, the levels of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an important subtype of melanocortin, were elevated in the serum and bone marrow, and the expression of MC5R was upregulated in HSPCs from mice after irradiation. MC5R deficiency aggravates irradiation-induced myelosuppression because of impaired proliferation and reconstitution of HSCs. Further investigation revealed that the melanocortin/MC5R axis regulates the proliferation of HSCs by activating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. More importantly, α-MSH treatment can significantly accelerate hematopoietic recovery in irradiated mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the melanocortin/MC5R axis plays a crucial role in regulating HSC proliferation under stress, thus providing a promising strategy to promote hematopoietic regeneration when suffering from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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8
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Li J, Kalev‐Zylinska ML. Advances in molecular characterization of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia not associated with Down syndrome; impact on therapy development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170622. [PMID: 37325571 PMCID: PMC10267407 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in which leukemic blasts have megakaryocytic features. AMKL makes up 4%-15% of newly diagnosed pediatric AML, typically affecting young children (less than 2 years old). AMKL associated with Down syndrome (DS) shows GATA1 mutations and has a favorable prognosis. In contrast, AMKL in children without DS is often associated with recurrent and mutually exclusive chimeric fusion genes and has an unfavorable prognosis. This review mainly summarizes the unique features of pediatric non-DS AMKL and highlights the development of novel therapies for high-risk patients. Due to the rarity of pediatric AMKL, large-scale multi-center studies are needed to progress molecular characterization of this disease. Better disease models are also required to test leukemogenic mechanisms and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixia Li
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Maggie L. Kalev‐Zylinska
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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9
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de Morree A, Rando TA. Regulation of adult stem cell quiescence and its functions in the maintenance of tissue integrity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:334-354. [PMID: 36922629 PMCID: PMC10725182 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are important for mammalian tissues, where they act as a cell reserve that supports normal tissue turnover and can mount a regenerative response following acute injuries. Quiescent stem cells are well established in certain tissues, such as skeletal muscle, brain, and bone marrow. The quiescent state is actively controlled and is essential for long-term maintenance of stem cell pools. In this Review, we discuss the importance of maintaining a functional pool of quiescent adult stem cells, including haematopoietic stem cells, skeletal muscle stem cells, neural stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells such as fibro-adipogenic progenitors, to ensure tissue maintenance and repair. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the entry into, maintenance of, and exit from the quiescent state in mice. Recent studies revealed that quiescent stem cells have a discordance between RNA and protein levels, indicating the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms, such as alternative polyadenylation, alternative splicing, and translation repression, in the control of stem cell quiescence. Understanding how these mechanisms guide stem cell function during homeostasis and regeneration has important implications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine de Morree
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Appel LM, Benedum J, Engl M, Platzer S, Schleiffer A, Strobl X, Slade D. SPOC domain proteins in health and disease. Genes Dev 2023; 37:140-170. [PMID: 36927757 PMCID: PMC10111866 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350314.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Since it was first described >20 yr ago, the SPOC domain (Spen paralog and ortholog C-terminal domain) has been identified in many proteins all across eukaryotic species. SPOC-containing proteins regulate gene expression on various levels ranging from transcription to RNA processing, modification, export, and stability, as well as X-chromosome inactivation. Their manifold roles in controlling transcriptional output implicate them in a plethora of developmental processes, and their misregulation is often associated with cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the biophysical properties of the SPOC domain and its interaction with phosphorylated binding partners, the phylogenetic origin of SPOC domain proteins, the diverse functions of mammalian SPOC proteins and their homologs, the mechanisms by which they regulate differentiation and development, and their roles in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Appel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Benedum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Engl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Platzer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xué Strobl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dea Slade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Fang J, Wu X, He J, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhang H, Novakovic B, Qi H, Yu X. RBM15 suppresses hepatic insulin sensitivity of offspring of gestational diabetes mellitus mice via m6A-mediated regulation of CLDN4. Mol Med 2023; 29:23. [PMID: 36803098 PMCID: PMC9942341 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-specific disease with high morbidity, which is linked to a high risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring. N6-methyladenosine modification of RNA is emerging as an important epigenetic mechanism that is widely manifested in many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of m6A methylation in metabolic syndrome in offspring result from intrauterine hyperglycemia. METHODS GDM mice were established by feeding a high-fat diet 1 weeks before pregnancy. The m6A RNA methylation quantification kit was used to detect liver tissue methylation levels. PCR array was used to determine the expression of the m6A methylation modification enzyme. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blot were used to examine the expression of RBM15, METTL13, IGF2BP1, and IGF2BP2. Subsequently, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing combined with mRNA sequencing, followed by dot blot and glucose uptake tests, were performed. RESULTS In this study, we found that offspring from a GDM mother were more vulnerable to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. GC-MS revealed significant metabolic changes including saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in liver of GDM offspring. We also demonstrated that global mRNA m6A methylation level was significantly increased in the fetal liver of GDM mice, indicating epigenetic change may have a strong relationship with the mechanism of metabolism syndrome. Concordantly, RBM15, the RNA binding methyltransferase, was upregulated in the liver. In vitro, RBM15 suppressed insulin sensitivity and increased insulin resistance through m6A-regulated epigenetic inhabitation of CLDN4. Moreover, MeRIP-sequencing and mRNA-sequencing revealed that differently regulated genes with differential m6A peaks were enriched in metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the essential role of RBM15 in insulin resistance and the effect of RBM15-regulated m6A modification in the metabolic syndrome of offspring of GDM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiafei Wu
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie He
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hongbo Qi
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Xinyang Yu
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd., Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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12
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Cpeb1b-mediated cytoplasmic polyadenylation of shha mRNA modulates zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212212120. [PMID: 36745802 PMCID: PMC9964029 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212212120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During vertebrate embryogenesis, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) production through endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition requires suitable developmental signals, but how these signals are accurately regulated remains incompletely understood. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation, which is one of the posttranscriptional regulations, plays a crucial role in RNA metabolism. Here, we report that Cpeb1b-mediated cytoplasmic polyadenylation is important for HSPC specification by translational control of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling during zebrafish early development. Cpeb1b is highly expressed in notochord and its deficiency results in defective HSPC production. Mechanistically, Cpeb1b regulates hemogenic endothelium specification by the Hedgehog-Vegf-Notch axis. We demonstrate that the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element motif-dependent interaction between Cpeb1b and shha messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liquid-like condensates, which are induced by Pabpc1b phase separation, is required for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of shha mRNA. Intriguingly, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation regulates translation but not stability of shha mRNA, which further enhances the Shha protein level and Hh signal transduction. Taken together, our findings uncover the role of Cpeb1b-mediated cytoplasmic polyadenylation in HSPC development and provide insights into how posttranscriptional regulation can direct developmental signals with high fidelity to translate them into cell fate transition.
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13
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Zhao X, Chong Z, Chen Y, Zheng XL, Wang QF, Li Y. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 in the generation of immune megakaryocytes: A perspective review. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102517. [PMID: 36152748 PMCID: PMC9579037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (Mks) in bone marrow are heterogeneous in terms of polyploidy. They not only produce platelets but also support the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and regulate immune responses. Yet, how the diverse functions are generated from the heterogeneous Mks is not clear at the molecular level. Advances in single-cell RNA seq analysis from several studies have revealed that bone marrow Mks are heterogeneous and can be clustered into 3 to 4 subpopulations: a subgroup that is adjacent to the hematopoietic stem cells, a subgroup expressing genes for platelet biogenesis, and a subgroup expressing immune-responsive genes, the so-called immune Mks that exist in both humans and mice. Immune Mks are predominantly in the low-polyploid (≤8 N nuclei) fraction and also exist in the lung. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) expression is positively correlated with the expression of genes involved in immune response pathways and is highly expressed in immune Mks. In addition, we reported that PRMT1 promotes the generation of low-polyploid Mks. From this perspective, we highlighted the data suggesting that PRMT1 is essential for the generation of immune Mks via its substrates RUNX1, RBM15, and DUSP4 that we reported previously. Thus, we suggest that protein arginine methylation may play a critical role in the generation of proinflammatory platelet progeny from immune Mks, which may affect many immune, thrombotic, and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Zechen Chong
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - X Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Qian-Fei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
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14
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Li F, Xiong Y, Yang M, Chen P, Zhang J, Wang Q, Xu M, Wang Y, He Z, Zhao X, Huang J, Gu X, Zhang L, Sun R, Sun X, Li J, Ou J, Xu T, Huang X, Cao Y, Xu XR, Karakas D, Li J, Ni H, Zhang Q. c-Mpl-del, a c-Mpl alternative splicing isoform, promotes AMKL progression and chemoresistance. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:869. [PMID: 36229456 PMCID: PMC9561678 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL) is a clinically heterogeneous subtype of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by unrestricted megakaryoblast proliferation and poor prognosis. Thrombopoietin receptor c-Mpl is a primary regulator of megakaryopoeisis and a potent mitogenic receptor. Aberrant c-Mpl signaling has been implicated in a myriad of myeloid proliferative disorders, some of which can lead to AMKL, however, the role of c-Mpl in AMKL progression remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified increased expression of a c-Mpl alternative splicing isoform, c-Mpl-del, in AMKL patients. We found that c-Mpl-del expression was associated with enhanced AMKL cell proliferation and chemoresistance, and decreased survival in xenografted mice, while c-Mpl-del knockdown attenuated proliferation and restored apoptosis. Interestingly, we observed that c-Mpl-del exhibits preferential utilization of phosphorylated c-Mpl-del C-terminus Y607 and biased activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, which culminated in upregulation of GATA1 and downregulation of DDIT3-related apoptotic responses conducive to AMKL chemoresistance and proliferation. Thus, this study elucidates the critical roles of c-Mpl alternative splicing in AMKL progression and drug resistance, which may have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications for leukemia accelerated by c-Mpl-del overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyan Xiong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Yang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiling Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingkai Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Xu
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yiming Wang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zuyong He
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Blood Transfusion, Clinical Biological Resource Bank and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Sun
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunsha Sun
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Ou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yange Cao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruby Xu
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danielle Karakas
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - June Li
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Jiang A, Zhang S, Wang X, Li D. RBM15 condensates modulate m 6A modification of STYK1 to promote tumorigenesis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4825-4836. [PMID: 36147665 PMCID: PMC9464649 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
RBM15 expression is recurrently upregulated in several types of malignant tissues, and its high expression level is typically associated with poor prognosis. However, whether and how RBM15 is involved in the tumor progression remains unclear. In this study, we found that overexpressing RBM15 in NIH3T3 cells was able to enhance proliferation rate in vitro and induced subcutaneous tumor formation in vivo. Moreover, we imaged the subcellular localization of RBM15 with our home-built structured illumination super-resolution microscopy, and revealed that RBM15 formed substantial condensates dispersed in the nucleus, undergoing dynamic fusion and fission activities. These condensates were partially colocalized with m6A-modified transcripts in the nucleus. In addition, we confirmed that RBM15 formed “liquid-like” droplets in a protein/salt concentration-dependent manner in vitro, and the addition of RNA further enhanced its phase-separation propensity. To identify downstream targets of RBM15, we performed meRIP-seq and RNA-seq, revealing that RBM15 preferentially bound to and promoted the m6A modification on the mRNA of Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1), thereby enhancing its stability. The upregulated STYK1 expression caused MAPK hyperactivation, thereby leading to oncogenic transformation of NIH3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Corresponding authors at: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X. Wang and D. Li).
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors at: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X. Wang and D. Li).
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16
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Feng Q, Hou M, Peng J, Hu X, Wang S. HDAC3 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2530223 is associated with increased susceptibility and severity of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:875-882. [PMID: 35484920 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune hemorrhagic disorder characterized by a low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. We previously reported that low-dose chidamide, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, restores immune tolerance in patients with ITP. This study aimed to evaluate the association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2530223 in the HDAC3 gene with susceptibility to ITP and its clinical features. METHODS Patients with ITP and age-matched healthy participants were recruited for this case-control study. Genotyping of the HDAC3 rs2530223 polymorphism was performed using MassARRAY platform. RESULTS Individuals with T allele of HDAC3 rs2530223 exhibited a 1.472-fold increased risk of ITP susceptibility (OR 1.472; 95% CI 1.100-1.969; p = .009), while ones with the TT genotype under the codominant and recessive models, and the TC/TT genotypes under the dominant model all revealed increased risk of ITP susceptibility (dominant odds ratio[OR] 1.965; 95% CI: 1.046-3.656; p = .036; codominant OR 2.264; 95% CI 1.175-4.360; p = .015; and recessive OR 1.512; 95% CI 1.028-2.224; p = .036, respectively). Regarding platelet counts in ITP patients, we observed that the TC/TT genotypes exhibited a 3.932-fold increased risk for platelet (PLT) <30 × 109 /L (OR 3.932; 95% CI 1.426-10.842; p = .008). CONCLUSION This study indicates that HDAC3 rs2530223 may be an important genetic factor related to ITP susceptibility and platelet count in ITP patients, providing new perspectives on disease progression, new therapeutic targets, and severity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Liu X, Zhang W, Jing C, Gao L, Fu C, Ren C, Hao Y, Cao M, Ma K, Pan W, Li D. Mutation of Gemin5 Causes Defective Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Proliferation in Zebrafish Embryonic Hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670654. [PMID: 33996826 PMCID: PMC8120239 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fate determination and expansion of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) is tightly regulated on both transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Although transcriptional regulation of HSPCs have achieved a lot of advances, its post-transcriptional regulation remains largely underexplored. The small size and high fecundity of zebrafish makes it extraordinarily suitable to explore novel genes playing key roles in definitive hematopoiesis by large-scale forward genetics screening. Here, we reported a novel zebrafish mutant line gemin5 cas008 with a point mutation in gemin5 gene obtained by ENU mutagenesis and genetic screening, causing an earlier stop codon next to the fifth WD repeat. Gemin5 is an RNA-binding protein with multifunction in post-transcriptional regulation, such as regulating the biogenesis of snRNPs, alternative splicing, stress response, and translation control. The mutants displayed specific deficiency in definitive hematopoiesis without obvious defects during primitive hematopoiesis. Further analysis showed the impaired definitive hematopoiesis was due to defective proliferation of HSPCs. Overall, our results indicate that Gemin5 performs an essential role in regulating HSPCs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changbin Jing
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Hao
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengye Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dantong Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhang J, Piao HY, Wang Y, Meng XY, Yang D, Zhao Y, Zheng ZC. To Develop and Validate the Combination of RNA Methylation Regulators for the Prognosis of Patients with Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10785-10795. [PMID: 33122917 PMCID: PMC7591098 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) accounts for high mortality. RNA methylation has recently gained interest as markers in specific tumors. This study aimed to uncover the function of the roles of 25 RNA methylation regulators in GC. Methods RNA sequence and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. “STRING” and R were performed to analyze the correlation among the methylase. COX and LASSO were performed to screen for prognostic associated RNA methylation regulators. A prognostic model was established based on the expression of methylase. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of methylase in GC cells and tissue. Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox analysis were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Results The prediction model was established based on the expression of m6A RNA methylation regulators FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) and RBM15 (RNA binding motif protein 15). Based on the model, GC patients were divided into “high risk” and “low risk” groups to compare the differences in survival. The model was re-evaluated with the clinical data of our center. Conclusion The two-methylase combination model was an independent prognostic factor of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Gastric Cancer Department, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital & Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Piao
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital & Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Gastric Cancer Department, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital & Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Meng
- Gastric Cancer Department, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital & Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Gastric Cancer Department, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital & Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Gastric Cancer Department, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital & Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Chao Zheng
- Gastric Cancer Department, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital & Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110042, People's Republic of China
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19
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Hautin M, Mornet C, Chauveau A, Bernard DG, Corcos L, Lippert E. Splicing Anomalies in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Paving the Way for New Therapeutic Venues. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2216. [PMID: 32784800 PMCID: PMC7464941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of spliceosome mutations in myeloid malignancies, abnormal pre-mRNA splicing, which has been well studied in various cancers, has attracted novel interest in hematology. However, despite the common occurrence of spliceosome mutations in myelo-proliferative neoplasms (MPN), not much is known regarding the characterization and mechanisms of splicing anomalies in MPN. In this article, we review the current scientific literature regarding "splicing and myeloproliferative neoplasms". We first analyse the clinical series reporting spliceosome mutations in MPN and their clinical correlates. We then present the current knowledge about molecular mechanisms by which these mutations participate in the pathogenesis of MPN or other myeloid malignancies. Beside spliceosome mutations, splicing anomalies have been described in myeloproliferative neoplasms, as well as in acute myeloid leukemias, a dreadful complication of these chronic diseases. Based on splicing anomalies reported in chronic myelogenous leukemia as well as in acute leukemia, and the mechanisms presiding splicing deregulation, we propose that abnormal splicing plays a major role in the evolution of myeloproliferative neoplasms and may be the target of specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hautin
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.H.); (A.C.); (D.G.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Clélia Mornet
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU de Brest, F-29200 Brest, France;
| | - Aurélie Chauveau
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.H.); (A.C.); (D.G.B.); (L.C.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU de Brest, F-29200 Brest, France;
| | - Delphine G. Bernard
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.H.); (A.C.); (D.G.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Laurent Corcos
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.H.); (A.C.); (D.G.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Eric Lippert
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (M.H.); (A.C.); (D.G.B.); (L.C.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU de Brest, F-29200 Brest, France;
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20
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103409. [PMID: 32408494 PMCID: PMC7279408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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21
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Wang B, Mehta H. Cytokine receptor splice variants in hematologic diseases. Cytokine 2019; 127:154919. [PMID: 31816579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine and cytokine receptors are important regulators of hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors differentiate into the myeloid or lymphoid lineage in response to specific cytokines. Cell-type specific receptors are expressed on committed progenitors that bind to other late-acting cytokines that are involved in terminal differentiation of hematopoietic cells. In normal hematopoiesis, these receptors undergo alternative splicing and are developmentally regulated. Splicing changes can significantly affect the structure and function of the receptors resulting in alterations of either the extracellular ligand binding domain or the cytoplasmic signaling domain responsible for cellular growth and differentiation. Most alternatively spliced isoforms generally lose the ability to promote differentiation. Evidently, overexpression of naturally occurring cytokine receptor alternate isoforms are observed in multiple myeloid diseases such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and polycythemia vera (PV). The purpose of this review is to introduce the various isoforms of key cytokine receptors that play a crucial role in myeloid development and their potential role in myeloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borwyn Wang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Hrishikesh Mehta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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22
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Ren Y, Huo Y, Li W, Wang F, Yu J. Multifaced regulator: RNA binding proteins and their roles in hematopoiesis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2019; 1:69-72. [PMID: 35402803 PMCID: PMC8974962 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the conventional definition of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) as controlling the metabolism of their bound RNAs, more and more RBPs are found to function via distinct ways in complex biological processes. With the recent discovery of transcriptional regulation activity of some RBPs, a hypothesis that RBPs could be multilayered regulators orchestrating gene expression has emerged. Hematopoiesis is a stepwise process that needs to be fine-tuned to keep the subtle balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) stemness maintenance and downstream lineage commitment. Although the classic RBPs account for the posttranscriptional regulation in hematopoiesis, the importance and multiple regulatory capacities of RBPs have not been well-characterized. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of large-scale screening of novel RBPs and their novel transcriptional regulation potentials. In hematopoietic system, this kind of multifaced regulators account for nearly a half of functional RBPs. Therefore, further studies on identifying this new kind of multifaced RBPs and clarifying their regulatory mechanisms would help us better understand the precise and complex regulatory networks of gene expression in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yue Huo
- Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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23
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Andriatsilavo M, Stefanutti M, Siudeja K, Perdigoto CN, Boumard B, Gervais L, Gillet-Markowska A, Al Zouabi L, Schweisguth F, Bardin AJ. Spen limits intestinal stem cell self-renewal. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007773. [PMID: 30452449 PMCID: PMC6277126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation properties is essential for tissue homeostasis. Using the adult Drosophila intestine to study molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell properties, we identify the gene split-ends (spen) in a genetic screen as a novel regulator of intestinal stem cell fate (ISC). Spen family genes encode conserved RNA recognition motif-containing proteins that are reported to have roles in RNA splicing and transcriptional regulation. We demonstrate that spen acts at multiple points in the ISC lineage with an ISC-intrinsic function in controlling early commitment events of the stem cells and functions in terminally differentiated cells to further limit the proliferation of ISCs. Using two-color cell sorting of stem cells and their daughters, we characterize spen-dependent changes in RNA abundance and exon usage and find potential key regulators downstream of spen. Our work identifies spen as an important regulator of adult stem cells in the Drosophila intestine, provides new insight to Spen-family protein functions, and may also shed light on Spen's mode of action in other developmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheva Andriatsilavo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Marine Stefanutti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Katarzyna Siudeja
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Carolina N. Perdigoto
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Boumard
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Louis Gervais
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | | | - Lara Al Zouabi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - François Schweisguth
- Institut Pasteur, Dept of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Allison J. Bardin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
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24
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Schmidt K, Zhang Q, Tasdogan A, Petzold A, Dahl A, Arneth BM, Slany R, Fehling HJ, Kranz A, Stewart AF, Anastassiadis K. The H3K4 methyltransferase Setd1b is essential for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homeostasis in mice. eLife 2018; 7:27157. [PMID: 29916805 PMCID: PMC6025962 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells require MLL1, which is one of six Set1/Trithorax-type histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferases in mammals and clinically the most important leukemia gene. Here, we add to emerging evidence that all six H3K4 methyltransferases play essential roles in the hematopoietic system by showing that conditional mutagenesis of Setd1b in adult mice provoked aberrant homeostasis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using both ubiquitous and hematopoietic-specific deletion strategies, the loss of Setd1b resulted in peripheral thrombo- and lymphocytopenia, multilineage dysplasia, myeloid-biased extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen, and lethality. By transplantation experiments and expression profiling, we determined that Setd1b is autonomously required in the hematopoietic lineages where it regulates key lineage specification components, including Cebpa, Gata1, and Klf1. Altogether, these data imply that the Set1/Trithorax-type epigenetic machinery sustains different aspects of hematopoiesis and constitutes a second framework additional to the transcription factor hierarchy of hematopoietic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schmidt
- Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qinyu Zhang
- Genomics, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- Deep Sequencing Group, DFG - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group, DFG - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Borros M Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Hospital of the Universities Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Slany
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Kranz
- Genomics, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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25
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de Rooij LPMH, Chan DCH, Keyvani Chahi A, Hope KJ. Post-transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis: RNA binding proteins take control 1. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:10-20. [PMID: 29898370 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal hematopoiesis is sustained through a carefully orchestrated balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation. The functional importance of this axis is underscored by the severity of disease phenotypes initiated by abnormal HSC function, including myelodysplastic syndromes and hematopoietic malignancies. Major advances in the understanding of transcriptional regulation of primitive hematopoietic cells have been achieved; however, the post-transcriptional regulatory layer that may impinge on their behavior remains underexplored by comparison. Key players at this level include RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which execute precise and highly coordinated control of gene expression through modulation of RNA properties that include its splicing, polyadenylation, localization, degradation, or translation. With the recent identification of RBPs having essential roles in regulating proliferation and cell fate decisions in other systems, there has been an increasing appreciation of the importance of post-transcriptional control at the stem cell level. Here we discuss our current understanding of RBP-driven post-transcriptional regulation in HSCs, its implications for normal, perturbed, and malignant hematopoiesis, and the most recent technological innovations aimed at RBP-RNA network characterization at the systems level. Emerging evidence highlights RBP-driven control as an underappreciated feature of primitive hematopoiesis, the greater understanding of which has important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P M H de Rooij
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Derek C H Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ava Keyvani Chahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kristin J Hope
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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26
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Jin S, Mi Y, Song J, Zhang P, Liu Y. PRMT1-RBM15 axis regulates megakaryocytic differentiation of human umbilical cord blood CD34 + cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2563-2568. [PMID: 29456659 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) serves pivotal roles in various cellular processes. However, its role in megakaryocytic differentiation has not been clearly reported. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of the PRMT-RNA binding motif protein 15 (RBM15) axis in human MK differentiation and the feasibility of targeting PRMT1 for leukemia treatment. In the present study, PRMT1 was overexpressed and the RBM15 protein was knocked down in human umbilical cord blood cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cells and the cells were then cultured in megakaryocytic differentiation medium. Flow cytometry was used to analyze CD41 and CD42 double-positive cells, as well as the protein expression levels of PRMT1 and RBM15. The results demonstrated that human cord blood CD34+ cells differentiate into mature MKs in high thrombopoitin medium, as demonstrated by CD41 and CD42 expression. Overexpression of PRMT1 in human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells blocked the maturation of megakaryocytic cells. Knockdown of RBM15 by short hairpin RNA produced less mature MKs. PRMT1 inhibitor rescued PRMT1-blocked megakaryocytic differentiation. These results provide evidence for a novel role of PRMT1 in the negative regulation of megakaryocytic differentiation. PRMT1 may be a therapeutic target for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiling Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Mi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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27
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Lopez CK, Malinge S, Gaudry M, Bernard OA, Mercher T. Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia: Multitasking Fusion Proteins and Oncogenic Cooperations. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:631-642. [PMID: 28867167 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric leukemia presents specific clinical and genetic features from adult leukemia but the underpinning mechanisms of transformation are still unclear. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is the malignant accumulation of progenitors of the megakaryocyte lineage that normally produce blood platelets. AMKL is diagnosed de novo, in patients showing a poor prognosis, or in Down syndrome (DS) patients with a better prognosis. Recent data show that de novo AMKL is primarily associated with chromosomal alterations leading to the expression of fusions between transcriptional regulators. This review highlights the most recurrent genetic events found in de novo pediatric AMKL patients and, based on recent functional analyses, proposes a mechanism of leukemogenesis common to de novo and DS-AMKL.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Child
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Megakaryocytes/metabolism
- Megakaryocytes/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile K Lopez
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Gaudry
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
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28
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Davie JR, Xu W, Delcuve GP. Histone H3K4 trimethylation: dynamic interplay with pre-mRNA splicing. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:1-11. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is often stated as a mark of transcriptionally active promoters. However, closer study of the positioning of H3K4me3 shows the mark locating primarily after the first exon at the 5′ splice site and overlapping with a CpG island in mammalian cells. There are several enzyme complexes that are involved in the placement of the H3K4me3 mark, including multiple protein complexes containing SETD1A, SETD1B, and MLL1 enzymes (writers). CXXC1, which is associated with SETD1A and SETD1B, target these enzymes to unmethylated CpG islands. Lysine demethylases (KDM5 family members, erasers) demethylate H3K4me3. The H3K4me3 mark is recognized by several proteins (readers), including lysine acetyltransferase complexes, chromatin remodelers, and RNA bound proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Interestingly, attenuation of H3K4me3 impacts pre-mRNA splicing, and inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing attenuates H3K4me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Davie
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Wayne Xu
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Genevieve P. Delcuve
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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29
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Ladd AN. New Insights Into the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Heart Development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 324:125-85. [PMID: 27017008 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression during development takes place both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate pre-mRNA processing, mRNA localization, stability, and translation. Many RBPs are expressed in the heart and have been implicated in heart development, function, or disease. This chapter will review the current knowledge about RBPs in the developing heart, focusing on those that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. The involvement of RBPs at each stage of heart development will be considered in turn, including the establishment of specific cardiac cell types and formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac morphogenesis, and postnatal maturation and aging. The contributions of RBPs to cardiac birth defects and heart disease will also be considered in these contexts. Finally, the interplay between RBPs and other regulatory factors in the developing heart, such as transcription factors and miRNAs, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Ladd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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30
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Zhang L, Tran NT, Su H, Wang R, Lu Y, Tang H, Aoyagi S, Guo A, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Zhou D, Qian K, Hricik T, Côté J, Han X, Zhou W, Laha S, Abdel-Wahab O, Levine RL, Raffel G, Liu Y, Chen D, Li H, Townes T, Wang H, Deng H, Zheng YG, Leslie C, Luo M, Zhao X. Cross-talk between PRMT1-mediated methylation and ubiquitylation on RBM15 controls RNA splicing. eLife 2015; 4:07938. [PMID: 26575292 PMCID: PMC4775220 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RBM15, an RNA binding protein, determines cell-fate specification of many tissues including blood. We demonstrate that RBM15 is methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) at residue R578, leading to its degradation via ubiquitylation by an E3 ligase (CNOT4). Overexpression of PRMT1 in acute megakaryocytic leukemia cell lines blocks megakaryocyte terminal differentiation by downregulation of RBM15 protein level. Restoring RBM15 protein level rescues megakaryocyte terminal differentiation blocked by PRMT1 overexpression. At the molecular level, RBM15 binds to pre-messenger RNA intronic regions of genes important for megakaryopoiesis such as GATA1, RUNX1, TAL1 and c-MPL. Furthermore, preferential binding of RBM15 to specific intronic regions recruits the splicing factor SF3B1 to the same sites for alternative splicing. Therefore, PRMT1 regulates alternative RNA splicing via reducing RBM15 protein concentration. Targeting PRMT1 may be a curative therapy to restore megakaryocyte differentiation for acute megakaryocytic leukemia. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07938.001 The many different cell types in an adult animal all develop from a single fertilized egg. The development of cells into more specialized cell types is called ‘differentiation’. Proteins and other molecules from both inside and outside of the cells regulate the differentiation process. RNA is a molecule that is similar to DNA, and performs several important roles inside cells. Perhaps most importantly, RNA molecules act as messengers and carry genetic instructions during gene expression. RBM15 is an RNA-binding protein that is found throughout nature, and is involved in a number of developmental processes. Previous research has linked the incorrect control of RBM15 with an increased risk of certain cancers, including megakaryocytic leukemia. However, it is not clear what role RNA-binding proteins such as RBM15 play during differentiation. Now, Zhang, Tran, Su et al. have investigated the role of RBM15 during the development of large cells found in human bone marrow (called megakaryocytes). First, the experiments demonstrated that an enzyme called PRMT1 modifies RBM15. This enzyme adds a chemical mark called a methyl group at a specific site (an arginine amino acid) on the RNA-binding protein. Next, Zhang, Tran, Su et al. showed that the addition of this methyl group earmarks RBM15 for destruction. This means that an increase in PRMT1 levels reduces the amount of RBM15 in cells, while decreases in PRMT1 have the opposite effect. Further experiments showed that RBM15 normally processes the RNA messengers that carry the genetic instructions needed for the differentiation of bone marrow cells. An excess of PRMT1 enzyme leads to a lack of this RNA-binding protein. This in turn interferes with the differentiation process, and can contribute to the development of cancers such as megakaryocytic leukemia. Future work will therefore explore whether targeting PRMT1 with drugs could represent an effective treatment for these kinds of cancers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07938.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Ngoc-Tung Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Hairui Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Program of Molecular Pharmacology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Yuheng Lu
- Computational Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Haiping Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sayura Aoyagi
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, United States
| | - Ailan Guo
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, United States
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Dewang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Todd Hricik
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Jocelyn Côté
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhengzhou - Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suparna Laha
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Glen Raffel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhengzhou - Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Haitao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tim Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Haiteng Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Minkui Luo
- Program of Molecular Pharmacology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
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Zhou K, Salamov A, Kuo A, Aerts AL, Kong X, Grigoriev IV. Alternative splicing acting as a bridge in evolution. Stem Cell Investig 2015; 2:19. [PMID: 27358887 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2015.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) regulates diverse cellular and developmental functions through alternative protein structures of different isoforms. Alternative exons dominate AS in vertebrates; however, very little is known about the extent and function of AS in lower eukaryotes. To understand the role of introns in gene evolution, we examined AS from a green algal and five fungal genomes using a novel EST-based gene-modeling algorithm (COMBEST). METHODS AS from each genome was classified with COMBEST that maps EST sequences to genomes to build gene models. Various aspects of AS were analyzed through statistical methods. The interplay of intron 3n length, phase, coding property, and intron retention (RI) were examined with Chi-square testing. RESULTS With 3 to 834 times EST coverage, we identified up to 73% of AS in intron-containing genes and found preponderance of RI among 11 types of AS. The number of exons, expression level, and maximum intron length correlated with number of AS per gene (NAG), and intron-rich genes suppressed AS. Genes with AS were more ancient, and AS was conserved among fungal genomes. Among stopless introns, non-retained introns (NRI) avoided, but major RI preferred 3n length. In contrast, stop-containing introns showed uniform distribution among 3n, 3n+1, and 3n+2 lengths. We found a clue to the intron phase enigma: it was the coding function of introns involved in AS that dictates the intron phase bias. CONCLUSIONS Majority of AS is non-functional, and the extent of AS is suppressed for intron-rich genes. RI through 3n length, stop codon, and phase bias bridges the transition from functionless to functional alternative isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Zhou
- 1 US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA ; 2 Roche Molecular Diagnostics, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA ; 3 Department of Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Asaf Salamov
- 1 US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA ; 2 Roche Molecular Diagnostics, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA ; 3 Department of Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Alan Kuo
- 1 US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA ; 2 Roche Molecular Diagnostics, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA ; 3 Department of Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Andrea L Aerts
- 1 US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA ; 2 Roche Molecular Diagnostics, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA ; 3 Department of Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- 1 US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA ; 2 Roche Molecular Diagnostics, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA ; 3 Department of Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- 1 US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA ; 2 Roche Molecular Diagnostics, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA ; 3 Department of Clinical Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, China
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Zhao X, Su H, Liu Y. Split End Family RNA Binding Proteins: Novel Tumor Suppressors Coupling Transcriptional Regulation with RNA Processing. CANCER TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/2395-3977.151483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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