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Casimir M, Colard M, Dussiot M, Roussel C, Martinez A, Peyssonnaux C, Mayeux P, Benghiat S, Manceau S, Francois A, Marin N, Pène F, Buffet PA, Hermine O, Amireault P. Erythropoietin downregulates red blood cell clearance, increasing transfusion efficacy in severely anemic recipients. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1923-1933. [PMID: 37792521 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) transfusion is used to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications in anemic patients by restoring oxygen delivery to tissues. RBC transfusion efficacy, that can be measured by a rise in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, is influenced by donor-, product-, and recipient-related characteristics. In some studies, severe pre-transfusion anemia is associated with a greater than expected Hb increment following transfusion but the biological mechanism underpinning this relationship remains poorly understood. We conducted a prospective study in critically ill patients and quantified Hb increment following one RBC transfusion. In a murine model, we investigated the possibility that, in conjunction with the host erythropoietic response, the persistence of transfused donor RBC is improved to maintain a highest RBC biomass. We confirmed a correlation between a greater Hb increment and a deeper pre-transfusion anemia in a cohort of 17 patients. In the mouse model, Hb increment and post-transfusion recovery were increased in anemic recipients. Post-transfusion RBC recovery was improved in hypoxic mice or those receiving an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent and decreased in those treated with erythropoietin (EPO)-neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that EPO signaling is necessary to observe this effect. Irradiated recipients also showed decreased post-transfusion RBC recovery. The EPO-induced post-transfusion RBC recovery improvement was abrogated in irradiated or in macrophage-depleted recipients, but maintained in splenectomized recipients, suggesting a mechanism requiring erythroid progenitors and macrophages, but which is not spleen-specific. Our study highlights a physiological role of EPO in downregulating post-transfusion RBC clearance, contributing to maintain a vital RBC biomass to rapidly cope with hypoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Casimir
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Département d'Hématologie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Martin Colard
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Département d'Hématologie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Camille Roussel
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité et Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Générale, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Martinez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Mayeux
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Samantha Benghiat
- Département d'Hématologie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sandra Manceau
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Department, French National Sickle Cell Disease Referral Center, Clinical Investigation Center, Hôpital Necker, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Francois
- Établissement Français du Sang d'Ile de France, Site Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Marin
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Pène
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre A Buffet
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité et Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
- Service Des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Département d'Hématologie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Amireault
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité et Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
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2
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Lamarre Y, Nader E, Connes P, Romana M, Garnier Y. Extracellular Vesicles in Sickle Cell Disease: A Promising Tool. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090439. [PMID: 36134985 PMCID: PMC9495982 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hemoglobinopathy worldwide. It is characterized by an impairment of shear stress-mediated vasodilation, a pro-coagulant, and a pro-adhesive state orchestrated among others by the depletion of the vasodilator nitric oxide, by the increased phosphatidylserine exposure and tissue factor expression, and by the increased interactions of erythrocytes with endothelial cells that mediate the overexpression of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1, respectively. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to be novel actors involved in SCD pathophysiological processes. Medium-sized EVs, also called microparticles, which exhibit increased plasma levels in this pathology, were shown to induce the activation of endothelial cells, thereby increasing neutrophil adhesion, a key process potentially leading to the main complication associated with SCD, vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). Small-sized EVs, also named exosomes, which have also been reported to be overrepresented in SCD, were shown to potentiate interactions between erythrocytes and platelets, and to trigger endothelial monolayer disruption, two processes also known to favor the occurrence of VOCs. In this review we provide an overview of the current knowledge about EVs concentration and role in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Lamarre
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
| | - Marc Romana
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Yohann Garnier
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, F-75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +590-590-891530
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3
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Stolla MC, Reilly A, Bergantinos R, Stewart S, Thom N, Clough CA, Wellington R, Stolitenko R, Abkowitz JL, Doulatov S. ATG4A regulates human erythroid maturation and mitochondrial clearance. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3579-3589. [PMID: 35443024 PMCID: PMC9631553 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation pathway that is essential for erythropoiesis. During erythroid differentiation, autophagy facilitates the degradation of macromolecules and the programmed clearance of mitochondria. Impaired mitochondrial clearance results in anemia and alters the lifespan of red blood cells in vivo. While several essential autophagy genes contribute to autophagy in erythropoiesis, little is known about erythroid-specific mediators of this pathway. Genetic analysis of primary human erythroid and nonerythroid cells revealed the selective upregulation of the core autophagy gene ATG4A in maturing human erythroid cells. Because the function of ATG4A in erythropoiesis is unknown, we evaluated its role using an ex vivo model of human erythropoiesis. Depletion of ATG4A in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells selectively impaired erythroid but not myeloid lineage differentiation, resulting in reduced red cell production, delayed terminal differentiation, and impaired enucleation. Loss of ATG4A impaired autophagy and mitochondrial clearance, giving rise to reticulocytes with retained mitochondria and autophagic vesicles. In summary, our study identifies ATG4A as a cell type-specific regulator of autophagy in erythroid development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neele Thom
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine
| | - Courtnee A. Clough
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
| | - Rachel C. Wellington
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
| | | | - Janis L. Abkowitz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Scovino AM, Totino PRR, Morrot A. Eryptosis as a New Insight in Malaria Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855795. [PMID: 35634341 PMCID: PMC9136947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eryptosis is a programmed cell death-like process that occurs in red blood cells. Although the red blood cells are anucleated, there are similarities between eryptosis and apoptosis, such as increased calcium efflux, calpain activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, cell blebbing and cell shrinkage. Eryptosis occurs physiologically in red blood cells, as a consequence of the natural senescence process of these cells, but it can also be stimulated in pathological situations such as metabolic syndromes, uremic syndromes, polycythemia vera, anemias such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, and infectious processes including Plasmodium infection. Infection-induced eryptosis is believed to contribute to damage caused by Plasmodium, but it’s still a topic of debate in the literature. In this review, we provided an overview of eryptosis mechanisms and its possible pathogenic role in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Miranda Scovino
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Morrot
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alexandre Morrot,
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5
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Cao H, Mathur A, Robertson C, Antonopoulos A, Henderson S, Girard LP, Wong JH, Davie A, Wright S, Brewin J, Rees DC, Dell A, Haslam SM, Vickers MA. Measurement of erythrocyte membrane mannoses to assess splenic function. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:155-164. [PMID: 35411940 PMCID: PMC9321840 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) lose plasma membrane in the spleen as they age, but the cells and molecules involved are yet to be identified. Sickle cell disease and infection by Plasmodium falciparum cause oxidative stress that induces aggregates of cross‐linked proteins with N‐linked high‐mannose glycans (HMGs). These glycans can be recognised by mannose‐binding lectins, including the mannose receptor (CD206), expressed on macrophages and specialised phagocytic endothelial cells in the spleen to mediate the extravascular haemolysis characteristic of these diseases. We postulated this system might also mediate removal of molecules and membrane in healthy individuals. Surface expression of HMGs on RBCs from patients who had previously undergone splenectomy was therefore assessed: high levels were indeed observable as large membrane aggregates. Glycomic analysis by mass spectrometry identified a mixture of Man5‐9GlcNAc2 structures. HMG levels correlated well with manual pit counts (r = 0.75–0.85). To assess further whether HMGs might act as a splenic reticuloendothelial function test, we measured levels on RBCs from patients with potential functional hyposplenism, some of whom exhibited high levels that may indicate risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cao
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Abhinav Mathur
- Department of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Sadie Henderson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Jin Hien Wong
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Adam Davie
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sonja Wright
- Department of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John Brewin
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - David C Rees
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Vickers
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Department of Haematology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK.,Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Aberdeen, UK
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6
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Stevens-Hernandez CJ, Bruce LJ. Reticulocyte Maturation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:311. [PMID: 35323786 PMCID: PMC8953437 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes to the membrane proteins and rearrangement of the cytoskeleton must occur for a reticulocyte to mature into a red blood cell (RBC). Different mechanisms of reticulocyte maturation have been proposed to reduce the size and volume of the reticulocyte plasma membrane and to eliminate residual organelles. Lysosomal protein degradation, exosome release, autophagy and the extrusion of large autophagic-endocytic hybrid vesicles have been shown to contribute to reticulocyte maturation. These processes may occur simultaneously or perhaps sequentially. Reticulocyte maturation is incompletely understood and requires further investigation. RBCs with membrane defects or cation leak disorders caused by genetic variants offer an insight into reticulocyte maturation as they present characteristics of incomplete maturation. In this review, we compare the structure of the mature RBC membrane with that of the reticulocyte. We discuss the mechanisms of reticulocyte maturation with a focus on incomplete reticulocyte maturation in red cell variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Stevens-Hernandez
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol BS34 7QH, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 ITD, UK
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol BS34 7QH, UK
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7
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Özpolat T, Chang TC, Wu X, St John AE, Konkle BA, Chen J, López JA. Phenotypic analysis of erythrocytes in sickle cell disease using imaging flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2022; 101:448-457. [PMID: 35099119 PMCID: PMC9592074 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and other phenotypic characteristics of erythrocytes in sickle cell disease (SCD) have been analyzed for decades in patient evaluation. This involves a variety of techniques, including microscopic analysis of stained blood films, flow cytometry, and cell counting. Here, we analyzed SCD blood using imaging flow cytometry (IFC), a technology that combines flow cytometry and microscopy to enable simultaneous rapid-throughput analysis of cellular morphology and cell-surface markers. With IFC, we were able to automate quantification of poikilocytes from SCD blood. An important subpopulation of poikilocytes represented dense cells, although these could not be distinguished from other poikilocytes without first centrifuging the blood through density gradients. In addition, CD71-positive RBCs from SCD patients had two subpopulations: one with high CD71 expression and a puckered morphology and another with lower CD71 expression and biconcave morphology and presumably representing a later stage of differentiation. Some RBCs with puckered morphologies that were strongly positive for DAPI and CD49d were in fact nucleated RBCs. IFC identified more phosphatidylserine-expressing red cells in SCD than did conventional flow cytometry and these could also be divided into two subpopulations. One population had diffuse PS expression and appeared to be composed primarily of RBC ghosts; the other had lower overall PS expression present in intense, punctate dots overlying Howell-Jolly bodies. This study demonstrates that IFC can rapidly reveal and quantify RBC features in SCD that require numerous tedious methods to identify conventionally. Thus, IFC is likely to be a useful technique for evaluating and monitoring SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander E St John
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara A Konkle
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - José A López
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Grosfeld EV, Bidiuk VA, Mitkevich OV, Ghazy ESMO, Kushnirov VV, Alexandrov AI. A Systematic Survey of Characteristic Features of Yeast Cell Death Triggered by External Factors. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:886. [PMID: 34829175 PMCID: PMC8626022 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death in response to distinct stimuli can manifest different morphological traits. It also depends on various cell death signaling pathways, extensively characterized in higher eukaryotes but less so in microorganisms. The study of cell death in yeast, and specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can potentially be productive for understanding cell death, since numerous killing stimuli have been characterized for this organism. Here, we systematized the literature on external treatments that kill yeast, and which contains at least minimal data on cell death mechanisms. Data from 707 papers from the 7000 obtained using keyword searches were used to create a reference table for filtering types of cell death according to commonly assayed parameters. This table provides a resource for orientation within the literature; however, it also highlights that the common view of similarity between non-necrotic death in yeast and apoptosis in mammals has not provided sufficient progress to create a clear classification of cell death types. Differences in experimental setups also prevent direct comparison between different stimuli. Thus, side-by-side comparisons of various cell death-inducing stimuli under comparable conditions using existing and novel markers that can differentiate between types of cell death seem like a promising direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika V. Grosfeld
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia;
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Victoria A. Bidiuk
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Olga V. Mitkevich
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Eslam S. M. O. Ghazy
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Vitaliy V. Kushnirov
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Alexander I. Alexandrov
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the RAS, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.B.); (O.V.M.); (E.S.M.O.G.); (V.V.K.)
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9
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Pereira-Martins DA, Coelho-Silva JL, Domingos IF, Weinhäuser I, Franca-Neto PL, Araujo AS, Franca RF, Bezerra MA, Lucena-Araujo AR. The ratio of ATP11C/PLSCR1 mRNA transcripts has clinical significance in sickle cell anemia. Ann Hematol 2021; 101:281-287. [PMID: 34651249 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the physiologic mechanisms responsible to maintain asymmetric phospholipid distribution (in particular phosphatidylserine, PS) in human erythrocyte membranes is orchestrated by the balance between enzymes responsible for active transport of PS from the outer to the inner leaflet (ATP11C) and those whose counteracts these activities (PLSCR1). Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and standard flow cytometry procedures, we hypothesized that the aberrant expression of either or both ATP11C and PLSCR1 transcripts may disrupt the PS internalization/externalization process and become clinically relevant for patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Overall, neither ATP11C/PLSCR1 ratio or ATP11C and PLSCR1 (if analyzed separately) had impact on risk to present acute or chronic organ damage in 178 patients with SCA. By collecting a new set of samples from SCA patients during a vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC, crisis state, 13 patients) and comparing with new samples of patients in steady state (15 patients), we noticed that patients in steady state exhibited mean values of ATP11C/PLSCR1 ratio significantly higher (mean value: 18.2, range, 0.3-53) than those who were in crisis (mean value: 3.7, range, 0.5-9) (P = 0.013). Most importantly, there was a strong inverse correlation between PS exposure and ATP11C/PLSCR1 ratio in sickle erythrocytes (Pearson correlation coefficient, r: - 0.78). Based on these findings, it is conceivable that the ATP11C/PLSCR1 ratio may switch from high to low during a VOC, although the underlying reasons require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Pereira-Martins
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto and Centre for Cell-Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14051140, Brazil
| | - Juan L Coelho-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Igor F Domingos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Isabel Weinhäuser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto and Centre for Cell-Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14051140, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Franca-Neto
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Aderson S Araujo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52011-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Franca
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Bezerra
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Antonio R Lucena-Araujo
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
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10
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Rivera-Correa J, Verdi J, Sherman J, Sternberg JM, Raper J, Rodriguez A. Autoimmunity to phosphatidylserine and anemia in African Trypanosome infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009814. [PMID: 34587165 PMCID: PMC8505006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia caused by trypanosome infection is poorly understood. Autoimmunity during Trypanosoma brucei infection was proposed to have a role during anemia, but the mechanisms involved during this pathology have not been elucidated. In mouse models and human patients infected with malaria parasites, atypical B-cells promote anemia through the secretion of autoimmune anti-phosphatidylserine (anti-PS) antibodies that bind to uninfected erythrocytes and facilitate their clearance. Using mouse models of two trypanosome infections, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, we assessed levels of autoantibodies and anemia. Our results indicate that acute T. brucei infection, but not T. cruzi, leads to early increased levels of plasma autoantibodies against different auto antigens tested (PS, DNA and erythrocyte lysate) and expansion of atypical B cells (ABCs) that secrete these autoantibodies. In vitro studies confirmed that a lysate of T. brucei, but not T. cruzi, could directly promote the expansion of these ABCs. PS exposure on erythrocyte plasma membrane seems to be an important contributor to anemia by delaying erythrocyte recovery since treatment with an agent that prevents binding to it (Annexin V) ameliorated anemia in T. brucei-infected mice. Analysis of the plasma of patients with human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) revealed high levels of anti-PS antibodies that correlated with anemia. Altogether these results suggest a relation between autoimmunity against PS and anemia in both mice and patients infected with T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rivera-Correa
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph Verdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Julian Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeremy M Sternberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Raper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
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11
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Smith RA, Mankelow TJ, Drizou D, Bullock T, Latham T, Trompeter S, Blair A, Anstee DJ. Large red cell-derived membrane particles are major contributors to hypercoagulability in sickle cell disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11035. [PMID: 34040079 PMCID: PMC8155063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common inherited single gene disorders. Polymerisation of sickle hemoglobin results in erythrocytes that are inflexible and adherent, leading to coagulation, vascular and cellular activation and resultant blood vessel blockage. Previous studies have observed elevated numbers of red cell-derived particles (RCDP), also denoted extracellular vesicles, in SCD plasma. Here, imaging flow cytometry was used to quantify all RCDP in SCD plasma. A more heterogenous population of RCDP was observed than previously reported. Significantly, large right side-out red cell macrovesicles (MaV), 7 µm in diameter, were identified. Most RCDP were right side-out but a minor population of inside-out vesicles was also present. Electron micrographs confirmed the heterogenous nature of the RCDP detected. All MaV are decorated with prothrombotic phosphatidylserine (PS) and their removal from plasma lengthened clotting times by more than three-fold. Removal of all right side-out RCDP from SCD patient plasma samples resulted in a seven-fold increase in clotting time. These results indicate that MaV comprise a large area of prothrombotic membrane and are thus major contributors to hypercoagulation in SCD. Consequently, controlled removal of MaV and PS exposed RCDP from plasma could provide a novel therapy for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Smith
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Northway, Filton, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tosti J Mankelow
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Northway, Filton, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK.
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Despoina Drizou
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Northway, Filton, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas Bullock
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Northway, Filton, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK
| | - Tom Latham
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Northway, Filton, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK
| | - Sara Trompeter
- Joint Red Cell Unit, Haematology Department, University College London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Allison Blair
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Northway, Filton, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David J Anstee
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Northway, Filton, Bristol, BS34 7QH, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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12
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Thangaraju K, Neerukonda SN, Katneni U, Buehler PW. Extracellular Vesicles from Red Blood Cells and Their Evolving Roles in Health, Coagulopathy and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E153. [PMID: 33375718 PMCID: PMC7796437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) release extracellular vesicles (EVs) including both endosome-derived exosomes and plasma-membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs). RBC-derived EVs (RBCEVs) are secreted during erythropoiesis, physiological cellular aging, disease conditions, and in response to environmental stressors. RBCEVs are enriched in various bioactive molecules that facilitate cell to cell communication and can act as markers of disease. RBCEVs contribute towards physiological adaptive responses to hypoxia as well as pathophysiological progression of diabetes and genetic non-malignant hematologic disease. Moreover, a considerable number of studies focus on the role of EVs from stored RBCs and have evaluated post transfusion consequences associated with their exposure. Interestingly, RBCEVs are important contributors toward coagulopathy in hematological disorders, thus representing a unique evolving area of study that can provide insights into molecular mechanisms that contribute toward dysregulated hemostasis associated with several disease conditions. Relevant work to this point provides a foundation on which to build further studies focused on unraveling the potential roles of RBCEVs in health and disease. In this review, we provide an analysis and summary of RBCEVs biogenesis, composition, and their biological function with a special emphasis on RBCEV pathophysiological contribution to coagulopathy. Further, we consider potential therapeutic applications of RBCEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (P.W.B.)
| | - Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Upendra Katneni
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (P.W.B.)
| | - Paul W. Buehler
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.T.); (P.W.B.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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13
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Namvar A, Blanch AJ, Dixon MW, Carmo OMS, Liu B, Tiash S, Looker O, Andrew D, Chan LJ, Tham WH, Lee PVS, Rajagopal V, Tilley L. Surface area-to-volume ratio, not cellular viscoelasticity, is the major determinant of red blood cell traversal through small channels. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13270. [PMID: 32981231 PMCID: PMC7757199 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) depends on the viscoelasticity of the plasma membrane and cell contents and the surface area to volume (SA:V) ratio; however, it remains unclear which of these factors is the key determinant for passage through small capillaries. We used a microfluidic device to examine the traversal of normal, stiffened, swollen, parasitised and immature RBCs. We show that dramatic stiffening of RBCs had no measurable effect on their ability to traverse small channels. By contrast, a moderate decrease in the SA:V ratio had a marked effect on the equivalent cylinder diameter that is traversable by RBCs of similar cellular viscoelasticity. We developed a finite element model that provides a coherent rationale for the experimental observations, based on the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the RBC membrane skeleton. We conclude that the SA:V ratio should be given more prominence in studies of RBC pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Namvar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam J Blanch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew W Dixon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivia M S Carmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Boyin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Snigdha Tiash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Looker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean Andrew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Li-Jin Chan
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leann Tilley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Rivera-Correa J, Yasnot-Acosta MF, Tovar NC, Velasco-Pareja MC, Easton A, Rodriguez A. Atypical memory B-cells and autoantibodies correlate with anemia during Plasmodium vivax complicated infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008466. [PMID: 32687495 PMCID: PMC7392348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is a highly prevalent infection world-wide, that was previously considered mild, but complications such as anemia have been highly reported in the past years. In mice models of malaria, anti-phosphatidylserine (anti-PS) autoantibodies, produced by atypical B-cells, bind to uninfected erythrocytes and contribute to anemia. In human patients with P. falciparum malaria, the levels of anti-PS, atypical B-cells and anemia are strongly correlated to each other. In this study, we focused on assessing the relationship between autoantibodies, different B-cell populations and hemoglobin levels in two different cohorts of P. vivax patients from Colombia, South America. In a first longitudinal cohort, our results show a strong inverse correlation between different IgG autoantibodies tested (anti-PS, anti-DNA and anti-erythrocyte) and atypical memory B-cells (atMBCs) with hemoglobin in both P. vivax and P. falciparum patients over time. In a second cross-sectional cohort, we observed a stronger relation between hemoglobin levels, atMBCs and autoantibodies in complicated P. vivax patients compared to uncomplicated ones. Altogether, these data constitute the first evidence of autoimmunity associating with anemia and complicated P. vivax infections, suggesting a role for its etiology through the expansion of autoantibody-secreting atMBCs. Malaria is one of the top global infections causing high mortality and morbidity every year. Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent malarial infection, particularly in the region of the Americas. Complications associated with P. vivax, such as anemia, are a growing reported phenomenon, but the mechanisms leading to them are poorly understood. Here, we report the first evidence of autoantibodies and Atypical Memory B-cells correlating with anemia in two different cohorts of P. vivax patients, particularly during complicated infections. These findings point to Atypical Memory B-cells as key pathological players, possibly through the secretion of autoantibodies, and attributes a role for autoimmunity in mediating complications during P. vivax infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rivera-Correa
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRC); (AR)
| | | | - Nubia Catalina Tovar
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia
- Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia
- Universidad de Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia
| | | | - Alice Easton
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRC); (AR)
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15
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Rivera-Correa J, Rodriguez A. Autoimmune Anemia in Malaria. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:91-97. [PMID: 31864893 PMCID: PMC7101069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe anemia is a major cause of death by malaria. The loss of uninfected erythrocytes is an important contributor to malarial anemia; however, the mechanisms underlying this pathology are not well understood. Malaria-induced anemia is related to autoimmune antibodies against the membrane lipid phosphatidylserine (PS). In mice, these antibodies induce the clearance of uninfected erythrocytes after binding to PS exposed in their membrane. In human malaria patients there is a strong correlation between anemia and anti-PS antibodies. During malaria, anti-PS antibodies are produced by atypical B cells, whose levels correlate with the development of anemia in patients. Autoimmune responses, which are documented frequently in different infections, contribute to the pathogenesis of malaria by inducing the clearance of uninfected erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rivera-Correa
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Current affiliations: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Bernecker C, Köfeler H, Pabst G, Trötzmüller M, Kolb D, Strohmayer K, Trajanoski S, Holzapfel GA, Schlenke P, Dorn I. Cholesterol Deficiency Causes Impaired Osmotic Stability of Cultured Red Blood Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1529. [PMID: 31920725 PMCID: PMC6933518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo generation of red blood cells (cRBCs) is an attractive tool in basic research and for replacing blood components donated by volunteers. As a prerequisite for the survival of cRBCs during storage as well as in the circulation, the quality of the membrane is of utmost importance. Besides the cytoskeleton and embedded proteins, the lipid bilayer is critical for membrane integrity. Although cRBCs suffer from increased fragility, studies investigating the lipid content of their membrane are still lacking. We investigated the membrane lipid profile of cRBCs from CD34+ human stem and progenitor cells compared to native red blood cells (nRBCs) and native reticulocytes (nRETs). Ex vivo erythropoiesis was performed in a well-established liquid assay. cRBCs showed a maturation grade between nRETs and nRBCs. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis for cholesterol and the major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholin, demonstrated severe cholesterol deficiency in cRBCs. Although cRBCs showed normal deformability capacity, they suffered from increased hemolysis due to minimal changes in the osmotic conditions. After additional lipid supplementation, especially cholesterol during culturing, the cholesterol content of cRBCs increased to a subnormal amount. Concurrently, the osmotic resistance recovered completely and became comparable to that of nRETs. Minor differences in the amount of phospholipids in cRBCs compared to native cells could mainly be attributed to the ongoing membrane remodeling process from the reticulocyte to the erythrocyte stage. Obtained results demonstrate severe cholesterol deficiency as a reason for enhanced fragility of cRBCs. Therefore, the supplementation of lipids, especially cholesterol during ex vivo erythropoiesis may overcome this limitation and strengthens the survival of cRBCs ex vivo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bernecker
- Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Biophysics Division, BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Dagmar Kolb
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Strohmayer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Schlenke
- Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Isabel Dorn
- Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Carden MA, Fasano RM, Meier ER. Not all red cells sickle the same: Contributions of the reticulocyte to disease pathology in sickle cell anemia. Blood Rev 2019; 40:100637. [PMID: 31735458 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is associated with morbidity and early death. While the switch from fetal to sickle hemoglobin during the first months of life results in hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis, the role of the reticulocyte in the pathophysiology and prognosis of SCA is not well-defined. Reticulocytes have unique cytoskeletal and membrane components that allow them to be distinguished from mature sickle erythrocytes in the circulation. Reticulocytes in patients with SCA are less dense than more mature and 'sickled' erythrocytes, and have increased adhesive properties. The circulating reticulocyte number in peripheral blood may assist in predicting disease severity in SCA; characterization of patient-specific reticulocyte properties during infancy and childhood may assist in predicting therapeutic response to therapies. Here, we review the biological and clinical data regarding reticulocytes and their potential impact on SCA pathophysiology and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Carden
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, 170 Manning Drive, POB-CB#7236, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
| | - Ross M Fasano
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Emily Riehm Meier
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, 8326 Naab Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46220, USA.
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18
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Rathje CC, Randle SJ, Al Rawi S, Skinner BM, Nelson DE, Majumdar A, Johnson EEP, Bacon J, Vlazaki M, Affara NA, Ellis PJ, Laman H. A Conserved Requirement for Fbxo7 During Male Germ Cell Cytoplasmic Remodeling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1278. [PMID: 31649556 PMCID: PMC6795710 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fbxo7 is the substrate-recognition subunit of an SCF-type ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. It has physiologically important functions in regulating mitophagy, proteasome activity and the cell cycle in multiple cell types, like neurons, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. Here, we show that in addition to the previously known Parkinsonian and hematopoietic phenotypes, male mice with reduced Fbxo7 expression are sterile. In these males, despite successful meiosis, nuclear elongation and eviction of histones from chromatin, the developing spermatids are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells during late spermiogenesis, as the spermatids undergo cytoplasmic remodeling. Surprisingly, despite the loss of all germ cells, there was no evidence of the symplast formation and cell sloughing that is typically associated with spermatid death in other mouse sterility models, suggesting that novel cell death and/or cell disposal mechanisms may be engaged in Fbxo7 mutant males. Mutation of the Drosophila Fbxo7 ortholog, nutcracker (ntc) also leads to sterility with germ cell death during cytoplasmic remodeling, indicating that the requirement for Fbxo7 at this stage is conserved. The ntc phenotype was attributed to decreased levels of the proteasome regulator, DmPI31 and reduced proteasome activity. Consistent with the fly model, we observe a reduction in PI31 levels in mutant mice; however, there is no alteration in proteasome activity in whole mouse testes. Our results are consistent with findings that Fbxo7 regulates PI31 protein levels, and indicates that a defect at the late stages of spermiogenesis, possibly due to faulty spatial dynamics of proteasomes during cytoplasmic remodeling, may underlie the fertility phenotype in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Rathje
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne J Randle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Al Rawi
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M Skinner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antara Majumdar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E P Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Bacon
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Myrto Vlazaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabeel A Affara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Ellis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Laman
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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19
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Kazadi AL, Ngiyulu RM, Gini-Ehungu JL, Mbuyi-Muamba JM, Aloni MN. The clinical characteristics of Congolese children and adolescents suffering from sickle-cell anemia are marked by the high frequencies of epistaxis compared to Western series. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 36:267-276. [PMID: 31339399 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2017.1365397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the most common genetic diseases in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is estimated 30,000 to 40,000 neonates with SCA are born annually. Despite this high incidence rate, and the severity of the Bantu haplotype found in Congolese patients, major clinical characteristics remain poorly defined. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and haematological profile of the SCA in patients less than 24 years of age. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa, the large city of the DRC. Patients were consecutively selected in three health institutions. Results: The study includes 256 sickle cell patients. The mean age of 8.4 (SD = 4.9) years. The Hand-foot syndrome was most common (52.7%) first presentation revealing the disease in our series. The most prevalent crises found in our series were vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) in 170 cases (66.4%) and severe hemolysis in 136 cases (53.1%). Splenic sequestration was noted in 19 cases (7.4%). The age at the first pain crisis was 18.2±15.2 months-of-age and the age at the first transfusions was 29.2±27.6 months-of -age. The most common signs associated with sickle cell disease in our series were hepatomegaly (53.9%), splenomegaly (41.7%), and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (34.8%). Epistaxis was reported in 9.4%. Conclusion: The clinical course of patients in DRC was comparable to reports from Western countries, with the notable exception of epistaxis which was significantly higher in patients in the DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimé L Kazadi
- Division of Paediatric Haemato-oncology and Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa,Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - René M Ngiyulu
- Division of Paediatric Haemato-oncology and Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa,Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean L Gini-Ehungu
- Division of Paediatric Haemato-oncology and Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa,Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean M Mbuyi-Muamba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Michel N Aloni
- Division of Paediatric Haemato-oncology and Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa,Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo
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20
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Telen MJ, Malik P, Vercellotti GM. Therapeutic strategies for sickle cell disease: towards a multi-agent approach. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:139-158. [PMID: 30514970 PMCID: PMC6645400 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For over 100 years, clinicians and scientists have been unravelling the consequences of the A to T substitution in the β-globin gene that produces haemoglobin S, which leads to the systemic manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD), including vaso-occlusion, anaemia, haemolysis, organ injury and pain. However, despite growing understanding of the mechanisms of haemoglobin S polymerization and its effects on red blood cells, only two therapies for SCD - hydroxyurea and L-glutamine - are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Moreover, these treatment options do not fully address the manifestations of SCD, which arise from a complex network of interdependent pathophysiological processes. In this article, we review efforts to develop new drugs targeting these processes, including agents that reactivate fetal haemoglobin, anti-sickling agents, anti-adhesion agents, modulators of ischaemia-reperfusion and oxidative stress, agents that counteract free haemoglobin and haem, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-thrombotic agents and anti-platelet agents. We also discuss gene therapy, which holds promise of a cure, although its widespread application is currently limited by technical challenges and the expense of treatment. We thus propose that developing systems-oriented multi-agent strategies on the basis of SCD pathophysiology is needed to improve the quality of life and survival of people with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Telen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology and the Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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21
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Moura PL, Hawley BR, Mankelow TJ, Griffiths RE, Dobbe JGG, Streekstra GJ, Anstee DJ, Satchwell TJ, Toye AM. Non-muscle myosin II drives vesicle loss during human reticulocyte maturation. Haematologica 2018; 103:1997-2007. [PMID: 30076174 PMCID: PMC6269291 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.199083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of maturation of reticulocytes into fully mature erythrocytes that occurs in the circulation is known to be characterized by a complex interplay between loss of cell surface area and volume, removal of remnant cell organelles and redundant proteins, and highly selective membrane and cytoskeletal remodeling. However, the mechanisms that underlie and drive these maturational processes in vivo are currently poorly understood and, at present, reticulocytes derived through in vitro culture fail to undergo the final transition to erythrocytes. Here, we used high-throughput proteomic methods to highlight differences between erythrocytes, cultured reticulocytes and endogenous reticulocytes. We identify a cytoskeletal protein, non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) whose abundance and phosphorylation status differs between reticulocytes and erythrocytes and localized it in the proximity of autophagosomal vesicles. An ex vivo circulation system was developed to simulate the mechanical shear component of circulation and demonstrated that mechanical stimulus is necessary, but insufficient for reticulocyte maturation. Using this system in concurrence with non-muscle myosin II inhibition, we demonstrate the involvement of non-muscle myosin IIA in reticulocyte remodeling and propose a previously undescribed mechanism of shear stress-responsive vesicle clearance that is crucial for reticulocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tosti J Mankelow
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca E Griffiths
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK.,UQ-StemCARE, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes G G Dobbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J Streekstra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David J Anstee
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy J Satchwell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK .,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley M Toye
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK .,Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, UK
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22
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Hannemann A, Rees DC, Brewin JN, Noe A, Low B, Gibson JS. Oxidative stress and phosphatidylserine exposure in red cells from patients with sickle cell anaemia. Br J Haematol 2018; 182:567-578. [PMID: 29938778 PMCID: PMC6120535 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure increases as red cells age, and is an important signal for the removal of senescent cells from the circulation. PS exposure is elevated in red cells from sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients and is thought to enhance haemolysis and vaso-occlusion. Although precise conditions leading to its externalisation are unclear, high intracellular Ca2+ has been implicated. Red cells from SCA patients are also exposed to an increased oxidative challenge, and we postulated that this stimulates PS exposure, through increased Ca2+ levels. We tested four different ways of generating oxidative stress: hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase, phenazine methosulphate, nitrite and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, together with thiol modification with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), dithiothreitol and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), in red cells permeabilised to Ca2+ using bromo-A23187. Unexpectedly, our findings showed that the four oxidants significantly reduced Ca2+ -induced PS exposure (by 40-60%) with no appreciable effect on Ca2+ affinity. By contrast, NEM markedly increased PS exposure (by about 400%) and slightly but significantly increased the affinity for Ca2+ . Dithiothreitol modestly reduced PS exposure (by 25%) and HOCl had no effect. These findings emphasise the importance of thiol modification for PS exposure in sickle cells but suggest that increased oxidant stress alone is not important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hannemann
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David C. Rees
- Department of Paediatric HaematologyKing's College HospitalKing's College London School of MedicineLondonUK
| | - John N. Brewin
- Department of Paediatric HaematologyKing's College HospitalKing's College London School of MedicineLondonUK
| | - Andreas Noe
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ben Low
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John S. Gibson
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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23
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Enterovirus Transmission by Secretory Autophagy. Viruses 2018; 10:v10030139. [PMID: 29558400 PMCID: PMC5869532 DOI: 10.3390/v10030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Present in many cell types, non-degradative secretory autophagy is a newly discovered pathway in which autophagosomes fuse with the plasma membrane instead of lysosomes. Surprisingly, some viruses exploit secretory autophagy to exit cells non-lytically, shedding into the extracellular environment as particle populations contained within vesicles. As a result, this significantly enhances the infectivity of these viruses. In this paper, this novel cellular exit pathway is highlighted and its advantages for viral transmission discussed.
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24
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Normalized levels of red blood cells expressing phosphatidylserine, their microparticles, and activated platelets in young patients with β-thalassemia following bone marrow transplantation. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1741-1747. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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26
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An immortalized adult human erythroid line facilitates sustainable and scalable generation of functional red cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14750. [PMID: 28290447 PMCID: PMC5355882 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing worldwide demand for safe blood, there is much interest in generating red blood cells in vitro as an alternative clinical product. However, available methods for in vitro generation of red cells from adult and cord blood progenitors do not yet provide a sustainable supply, and current systems using pluripotent stem cells as progenitors do not generate viable red cells. We have taken an alternative approach, immortalizing early adult erythroblasts generating a stable line, which provides a continuous supply of red cells. The immortalized cells differentiate efficiently into mature, functional reticulocytes that can be isolated by filtration. Extensive characterization has not revealed any differences between these reticulocytes and in vitro-cultured adult reticulocytes functionally or at the molecular level, and importantly no aberrant protein expression. We demonstrate a feasible approach to the manufacture of red cells for clinical use from in vitro culture. The generation of a sustainable supply of erythroid progenitors is essential for the reliable production of an in vitro derived red blood cell clinical product. Here the authors immortalize early human erythroblasts to generate the first cell line capable of differentiation into functional adult reticulocytes.
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27
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Altan-Bonnet N. Lipid Tales of Viral Replication and Transmission. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:201-213. [PMID: 27838086 PMCID: PMC5318230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Positive-strand RNA viruses are the largest group of RNA viruses on Earth and cellular membranes are critical for all aspects of their life cycle, from entry and replication to exit. In particular, membranes serve as platforms for replication and as carriers to transmit these viruses to other cells, the latter either as an envelope surrounding a single virus or as the vesicle containing a population of viruses. Notably, many animal and human viruses appear to induce and exploit phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate/cholesterol-enriched membranes for replication, whereas many plant and insect-vectored animal viruses utilize phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol-enriched membranes for the same purpose; and phosphatidylserine-enriched membrane carriers are widely used by both single and populations of viruses for transmission. Here I discuss the implications for viral pathogenesis and therapeutic development of this remarkable convergence on specific membrane lipid blueprints for replication and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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28
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Jagadeeswaran R, Vazquez BA, Thiruppathi M, Ganesh BB, Ibanez V, Cui S, Engel JD, Diamond AM, Molokie RE, DeSimone J, Lavelle D, Rivers A. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 and mTOR reduces mitochondrial retention and associated ROS levels in the red blood cells of sickle cell disease. Exp Hematol 2017; 50:46-52. [PMID: 28238805 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited blood disorder caused by a point mutation that renders hemoglobin susceptible to polymerization when deoxygenated, affects millions of people worldwide. Manifestations of SCD include chronic hemolytic anemia, inflammation, painful vaso-occlusive crises, multisystem organ damage, and reduced life expectancy. Part of SCD pathophysiology is the excessive formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SCD red blood cells (RBCs), which accelerates their hemolysis. Normal RBC precursors eliminate their mitochondria during the terminal differentiation process. Strikingly, we observed an increased percentage of RBCs retaining mitochondria in SCD patient blood samples compared with healthy individuals. In addition, using an experimental SCD mouse model, we demonstrate that excessive levels of ROS in SCD are associated with this abnormal mitochondrial retention. Interestingly, the LSD1 inhibitor, RN-1, and the mitophagy-inducing agent mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, sirolimus, increased RBC lifespan and reduced ROS accumulation in parallel with reducing mitochondria-retaining RBCs in the SCD mouse model. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of SCD mice treated with RN-1 showed increased expression of mitophagy genes. Our findings suggest that reduction of mitochondria-retaining RBCs may provide a new therapeutic approach to preventing excessive ROS in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Jagadeeswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin A Vazquez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Muthusamy Thiruppathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Balaji B Ganesh
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinzon Ibanez
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuaiying Cui
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Engel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan M Diamond
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert E Molokie
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph DeSimone
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald Lavelle
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela Rivers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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29
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Abstract
The discovery of the molecular machinery of autophagy, namely Atg proteins, was awarded with the Nobel prize in physiology and medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi in 2016. While this machinery was originally identified by its ability to allow cells to survive starvation via lysosomal degradation to recycle cellular components, it has recently become apparent that it also is used by cells to secrete cytoplasmic constituents. Furthermore, viruses have learned to use this Atg supported exocytosis to exit cells, acquire envelopes in the cytosol and select lipids into their surrounding membranes that might allow for increased robustness of their virions and altered infection behavior. Along these lines, picornaviruses exit infected cells in packages wrapped into autophagic membranes, herpesviruses recruit autophagic membranes into their envelopes and para- as well as orthomyxoviruses redirect autophagic membranes to the cell membrane, which increases the robustness of their envelope that they acquire at this site. These recent findings open a new exciting field on the regulation of degradation vs. release of autophagic membranes and will be discussed in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Kupzig S, Parsons SF, Curnow E, Anstee DJ, Blair A. Superior survival of ex vivo cultured human reticulocytes following transfusion into mice. Haematologica 2016; 102:476-483. [PMID: 27909219 PMCID: PMC5394952 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.154443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of cultured red blood cells from stem cell sources may fill an unmet clinical need for transfusion-dependent patients, particularly in countries that lack a sufficient and safe blood supply. Cultured red blood cells were generated from human CD34+ cells from adult peripheral blood or cord blood by ex vivo expansion, and a comprehensive in vivo survival comparison with standard red cell concentrates was undertaken. Significant amplification (>105-fold) was achieved using CD34+ cells from both cord blood and peripheral blood, generating high yields of enucleated cultured red blood cells. Following transfusion, higher levels of cultured red cells could be detected in the murine circulation compared to standard adult red cells. The proportions of cultured blood cells from cord or peripheral blood sources remained high 24 hours post-transfusion (82±5% and 78±9%, respectively), while standard adult blood cells declined rapidly to only 49±9% by this time. In addition, the survival time of cultured blood cells in mice was longer than that of standard adult red cells. A paired comparison of cultured blood cells and standard adult red blood cells from the same donor confirmed the enhanced in vivo survival capacity of the cultured cells. The study herein represents the first demonstration that ex vivo generated cultured red blood cells survive longer than donor red cells using an in vivo model that more closely mimics clinical transfusion. Cultured red blood cells may offer advantages for transfusion-dependent patients by reducing the number of transfusions required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kupzig
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, UK
| | - Stephen F Parsons
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, UK
| | - Elinor Curnow
- Statistics and Clinical Studies, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - David J Anstee
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, UK
| | - Allison Blair
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, UK .,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
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31
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Whelihan MF, Lim MY, Mooberry MJ, Piegore MG, Ilich A, Wogu A, Cai J, Monroe DM, Ataga KI, Mann KG, Key NS. Thrombin generation and cell-dependent hypercoagulability in sickle cell disease. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1941-1952. [PMID: 27430959 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Sickle cell disease is increasingly being recognized as a chronic hypercoagulable state. Thrombin generation is elevated in the whole blood, but not the plasma of sickle cell patients. Whole blood thrombin generation inversely correlates to erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure. Acquired protein S deficiency is likely explained by binding of protein S to sickle red cells. Click to hear Dr Hillery discuss coagulation and vascular pathologies in mouse models of sickle cell disease. SUMMARY Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hypercoagulable state with chronic activation of coagulation and an increased incidence of thromboembolic events. However, although plasma pre-thrombotic markers such as thrombin-anithrombin complexes and D-dimer are elevated, there is no consensus on whether global assays of thrombin generation in plasma are abnormal in patients with SCD. Based on our recent observation that normal red blood cells (RBCs) contribute to thrombin generation in whole blood, we hypothesized that the cellular components in blood (notably phosphatidylserine-expressing erythrocytes) contribute to enhanced thrombin generation in SCD. Methods Whole blood and plasma thrombin generation assays were performed on blood samples from 25 SCD patients in a non-crisis 'steady state' and 25 healthy race-matched controls. Results Whole blood thrombin generation was significantly elevated in SCD, whereas plasma thrombin generation was paradoxically reduced compared with controls. Surprisingly, whole blood and plasma thrombin generation were both negatively correlated with phosphatidylserine exposure on RBCs. Plasma thrombin generation in the presence of exogenous activated protein C or soluble thrombomodulin revealed deficiencies in the protein C/S anticoagulant pathway in SCD. These global changes were associated with significantly lower plasma protein S activity in SCD that correlated inversely with RBC phosphatidylserine exposure. Conclusion Increased RBC phosphatidylserine exposure in SCD is associated with acquired protein S deficiency. In addition, these data suggest a cellular contribution to thrombin generation in SCD (other than RBC phosphatidylserine exposure) that explains the elevated thrombin generation in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Y Lim
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - M G Piegore
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Ilich
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Wogu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D M Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K I Ataga
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K G Mann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - N S Key
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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32
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The heart in sickle cell disease, a model for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9670-2. [PMID: 27512036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611899113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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33
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Red blood cell-derived microparticles: An overview. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 59:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Altan-Bonnet N. Extracellular vesicles are the Trojan horses of viral infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 32:77-81. [PMID: 27232382 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have recently emerged as a novel mode of viral propagation exploited by both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. In particular non-enveloped viruses utilize the hosts' production of extracellular vesicles to exit from cells non-lytically and to hide and manipulate the immune system. Moreover, challenging the long held idea that viruses behave as independent genetic units, extracellular vesicles enable multiple viral particles and genomes to collectively traffic in and out of cells, which can promote genetic cooperativity among viral quasispecies and enhance the fitness of the overall viral population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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35
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Wang J, Tran J, Wang H, Guo C, Harro D, Campbell AD, Eitzman DT. mTOR Inhibition improves anaemia and reduces organ damage in a murine model of sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:461-9. [PMID: 27030515 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to play an important role in red blood cell physiology, with inhibition of mTOR signalling leading to alterations in erythropoiesis. To determine if mTOR inhibition would improve anaemia in sickle cell disease (SCD), mice with SCD were treated with the dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, INK128. One week after daily oral drug treatment, erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, and haematocrit were all significantly increased while reticulocyte counts were reduced. These parameters remained stable during 3 weeks of treatment. Similar effects were observed following oral treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor, sirolimus. Sirolimus treatment prolonged the lifespan of sickle cell erythrocytes in circulation, reduced spleen size, and reduced renal and hepatic iron accumulation in SCD mice. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion, stroke size was reduced in SCD mice treated with sirolimus. In conclusion, mTOR inhibition is protective against anaemia and organ damage in a murine model of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chiao Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Harro
- Chemical Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel T Eitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Cardiovascular Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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36
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Wilson MC, Trakarnsanga K, Heesom KJ, Cogan N, Green C, Toye AM, Parsons SF, Anstee DJ, Frayne J. Comparison of the Proteome of Adult and Cord Erythroid Cells, and Changes in the Proteome Following Reticulocyte Maturation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1938-46. [PMID: 27006477 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood stem cells are an attractive starting source for the production of red blood cells in vitro for therapy because of additional expansion potential compared with adult peripheral blood progenitors and cord blood banks usually being more representative of national populations than blood donors. Consequently, it is important to establish how similar cord RBCs are to adult cells. In this study, we used multiplex tandem mass tag labeling combined with nano-LC-MS/MS to compare the proteome of adult and cord RBCs and reticulocytes. 2838 unique proteins were identified, providing the most comprehensive compendium of RBC proteins to date. Using stringent criteria, 1674 proteins were quantified, and only a small number differed in amount between adult and cord RBC. We focused on proteins critical for RBC function. Of these, only the expected differences in globin subunits, along with higher levels of carbonic anhydrase 1 and 2 and aquaporin-1 in adult RBCs would be expected to have a phenotypic effect since they are associated with the differences in gaseous exchange between adults and neonates. Since the RBC and reticulocyte samples used were autologous, we catalogue the change in proteome following reticulocyte maturation. The majority of proteins (>60% of the 1671 quantified) reduced in abundance between 2- and 100-fold following maturation. However, ∼5% were at a higher level in RBCs, localized almost exclusively to cell membranes, in keeping with the known clearance of intracellular recycling pools during reticulocyte maturation. Overall, these data suggest that, with respect to the proteome, there is no barrier to the use of cord progenitors for the in vitro generation of RBCs for transfusion to adults other than the expression of fetal, not adult, hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kongtana Trakarnsanga
- From the ‡School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; §Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kate J Heesom
- From the ‡School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicola Cogan
- ¶Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Filton, Bristol, UK; ‖NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carole Green
- ¶Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Filton, Bristol, UK; ‖NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley M Toye
- From the ‡School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; ¶Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Filton, Bristol, UK; ‖NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steve F Parsons
- ¶Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - David J Anstee
- ¶Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Filton, Bristol, UK; ‖NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jan Frayne
- From the ‡School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; ‖NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Mankelow et al link phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in sickle erythrocytes to a physiological event in reticulocyte maturation. This discovery has implications for efforts to prevent thrombosis in sickle cell disease (SCD).
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