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Hao W, Luo D, Jiang Y, Wan S, Li X. An overview of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2: Structure, biological function, and small-molecule modulators. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2331-2362. [PMID: 38665010 DOI: 10.1002/med.22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a notable increase in research on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), which is a type of G-protein-coupled receptor. Upon activation by S1P or other ligands, S1PR2 initiates downstream signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK), and others, contributing to the diverse biological functions of S1PR2 and playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes and disease progressions, such as multiple sclerosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and tumors. Due to the extensive biological functions of S1PR2, many S1PR2 modulators, including agonists and antagonists, have been developed and discovered by pharmaceutical companies (e.g., Novartis and Galapagos NV) and academic medicinal chemists for disease diagnosis and treatment. However, few reviews have been published that comprehensively overview the functions and regulators of S1PR2. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of the advances in the function of S1PR2 and its modulators. We first summarize the structure and biological function of S1PR2 and its pathological role in human diseases. We then focus on the discovery approach, design strategy, development process, and biomedical application of S1PR2 modulators. Additionally, we outline the major challenges and future directions in this field. Our comprehensive review will aid in the discovery and development of more effective and clinically applicable S1PR2 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongdong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengbiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Marine Biomedical Research, Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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Huang X, Zeng J, Luo Y, Luo S, Li Y, Wang J. Revealing the clinical impact of MTOR and ARID2 gene mutations on MALT lymphoma of the alimentary canal using targeted sequencing. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:102. [PMID: 39054516 PMCID: PMC11270975 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) are a group of diseases with marked heterogeneity, including clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular heterogeneity. The disease remains unspecified in the genetic landscape with only a few sequencing studies to date; however, systematic studies of alimentary canal MALT lymphoma have not been reported. To better understand the genetics of this tumor, targeted sequencing in a group of 31 cases (including 2 esophageal, 2 colonic, 4 small intestinal, and 23 gastric cases) and two cases of lymph node hyperplasiawere performed. We found epigenetic regulation (DNMT3A, KMT2D, KMT2A, EP300, TET2, etc.), signaling pathways (APC, CHD8, TNFAIP3, TNFRSF14, ZAP70, NF1,), and tumor suppressor genes (TP53, BCORL1, FOXO1, ATM, etc.) involved. Moreover, we found MTOR gene mutations in 16% of the cases that made these patients more prone to recurrence and metastasis than those with MTOR wild type genes. More interestingly, ARID2 mutations were detected in 32% of all the cases, and the mutation rate was higher and statistically significant in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-negative patients in the gastric group. Therefore, this study found that MTOR and ARID2 gene mutations have pathogenic and prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Gastroenterology Department, People's Hospital of Jianhe County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiafei Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, P.R. China.
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Morang S, Bisht M, Upadhyay V, Thapliyal S, Handu S. S1P Signaling Genes as Prominent Drivers of BCR-ABL1-Independent Imatinib Resistance and Six Herbal Compounds as Potential Drugs for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:367-376. [PMID: 38986084 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Imatinib (IM), a breakthrough in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment, is accompanied by discontinuation challenges owing to drug intolerance. Although BCR-ABL1 mutation is a key cause of CML resistance, understanding mechanisms independent of BCR-ABL1 is also important. This study investigated the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling-associated genes (SphK1 and S1PRs) and their role in BCR-ABL1-independent resistant CML, an area currently lacking investigation. Through comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of IM-sensitive and IM-resistant CML groups, we identified the differentially expressed genes and found a notable upregulation of SphK1, S1PR2, and S1PR5 in IM-resistant CML. Functional annotation revealed their roles in critical cellular processes such as proliferation and GPCR activity. Their network analysis uncovered significant clusters, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the S1P signaling genes. Further, we identified interactors such as BIRC3, TRAF6, and SRC genes, with potential implications for IM resistance. Additionally, receiver operator characteristic curve analysis suggested these genes' potential as biomarkers for predicting IM resistance. Network pharmacology analysis identified six herbal compounds-ampelopsin, ellagic acid, colchicine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, cucurbitacin B, and evodin-as potential drug candidates targeting the S1P signaling genes. In summary, this study contributes to efforts to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying BCR-ABL1-independent CML resistance. Moreover, the S1P signaling genes are promising therapeutic targets and plausible new innovation avenues to combat IM resistance in cancer clinical care in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Humans
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Lysophospholipids/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Female
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikha Morang
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Manisha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Vikas Upadhyay
- Department of AYUSH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | | | - Shailendra Handu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Vaughan J, Patel M, Suchard M, Gededzha M, Ranchod H, Howard W, Snyman T, Wiggill T. Derangements of immunological proteins in HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the frequency and prognostic impact. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1340096. [PMID: 38633747 PMCID: PMC11021765 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy of B-cells frequently encountered among people living with HIV. Immunological abnormalities are common in immunocompetent individuals with DLBCL, and are often associated with poorer outcomes. Currently, data on derangements of immunological proteins, such as cytokines and acute phase reactants, and their impact on outcomes in HIV-associated DLBCL (HIV-DLBCL) is lacking. This study assessed the levels and prognostic relevance of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ), the acute phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin; serum free light chains (SFLC) (elevation of which reflects a prolonged pro-inflammatory state); and the activity of the immunosuppressive enzyme Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)in South African patients with DLBCL. Methods Seventy-six patients with incident DLBCL were enrolled, and peripheral blood IL-6, IL-10, TGFβ, SFLC and IDO-activity measured in selected patients. Additional clinical and laboratory findings (including ferritin and CRP) were recorded from the hospital records. Results Sixty-one (80.3%) of the included patients were people living with HIV (median CD4-count = 148 cells/ul), and survival rates were poor (12-month survival rate 30.0%). The majority of the immunological proteins, except for TGFβ and ferritin, were significantly higher among the people living with HIV. Elevation of IL-6, SFLC and IDO-activity were not associated with survival in HIV-DLBCL, while raised IL-10, CRP, ferritin and TGFβ were. On multivariate analysis, immunological proteins associated with survival independently from the International Prognostic Index (IPI) included TGFβ, ferritin and IL-10. Conclusion Derangements of immunological proteins are common in HIV-DLBCL, and have a differential association with survival compared to that reported elsewhere. Elevation of TGFβ, IL-10 and ferritin were associated with survival independently from the IPI. In view of the poor survival rates in this cohort, investigation of the directed targeting of these cytokines would be of interest in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Moosa Patel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Clinical Haematology Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Melinda Suchard
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maemu Gededzha
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heena Ranchod
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wayne Howard
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tracy Snyman
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tracey Wiggill
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Perry TA, Masand N, Vrzalikova K, Pugh M, Wei W, Hollows R, Bouchalova K, Nohtani M, Fennell E, Bouchal J, Kearns P, Murray PG. The Oncogenic Lipid Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Impedes the Phagocytosis of Tumor Cells by M1 Macrophages in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:574. [PMID: 38339325 PMCID: PMC10854869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A total of 30-40% of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients will either not respond to the standard therapy or their disease will recur. The first-line treatment for DLBCL is rituximab and combination chemotherapy. This treatment involves the chemotherapy-induced recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages that recognize and kill rituximab-opsonized DLBCL cells. However, we lack insights into the factors responsible for the recruitment and functionality of macrophages in DLBCL tumors. METHODS We have studied the effects of the immunomodulatory lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on macrophage activity in DLBCL, both in vitro and in animal models. RESULTS We show that tumor-derived S1P mediates the chemoattraction of both monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in animal models, an effect that is dependent upon the S1P receptor S1PR1. However, S1P inhibited M1 macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of DLBCL tumor cells opsonized with the CD20 monoclonal antibodies rituximab and ofatumumab, an effect that could be reversed by an S1PR1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that S1P signaling can modulate macrophage recruitment and tumor cell killing by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in DLBCL. The administration of S1PR1 inhibitors could enhance the phagocytosis of tumor cells and improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A. Perry
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Navta Masand
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Katerina Vrzalikova
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.V.); (M.P.)
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Manama P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain
| | - Matthew Pugh
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
- The Palatine Centre, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Robert Hollows
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Katerina Bouchalova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Mahdi Nohtani
- Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre, Health Research Institute and Bernal Institute and School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland; (M.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Eanna Fennell
- Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre, Health Research Institute and Bernal Institute and School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland; (M.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.M.); (W.W.); (R.H.); (P.K.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul G. Murray
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.V.); (M.P.)
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Manama P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain
- Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre, Health Research Institute and Bernal Institute and School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland; (M.N.); (E.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
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Birkett R, Newar J, Sharma AM, Lin E, Blank L, Swaminathan S, Misharin A, Mestan KK. Development of a novel humanized mouse model to study bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1146014. [PMID: 37520051 PMCID: PMC10375491 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1146014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The role of circulating fetal monocytes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia is not known. We utilized a humanized mouse model that supports human progenitor cell engraftment (MISTRG) to test the hypothesis that prenatal monocyte programming alters early lung development and response to hyperoxia. Methods Cord blood-derived monocytes from 10 human infants were adoptively transferred into newborn MISTRG mice at p0 (1 × 106 cells/mouse, intrahepatic injection) followed by normoxia versus hyperoxia (85% oxygen × 14 days). Lungs were harvested at p14 for alveolar histology (alveolar count, perimeter and area) and vascular parameters (vWF staining for microvessel density, Fulton's index). Human CD45 staining was conducted to compare presence of hematopoietic cells. Murine lung parameters were compared among placebo and monocyte-injected groups. The individual profiles of the 10 patients were further considered, including gestational age (GA; n = 2 term, n = 3 moderate/late preterm, and n = 5 very preterm infants) and preeclampsia (n = 4 patients). To explore the monocyte microenvironment of these patients, 30 cytokines/chemokines were measured in corresponding human plasma by multiplex immunoassay. Results Across the majority of patients and corresponding mice, MISTRG alveolarization was simplified and microvessel density was decreased following hyperoxia. Hyperoxia-induced changes were seen in both placebo (PBS) and monocyte-injected mice. Under normoxic conditions, alveolar development was altered modestly by monocytes as compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Monocyte injection was associated with increased microvessel density at P14 as compared with placebo (26.7 ± 0.73 vs. 18.8 ± 1.7 vessels per lung field; P < 0.001). Pooled analysis of patients revealed that injection of monocytes from births complicated by lower GA and preeclampsia was associated with changes in alveolarization and vascularization under normoxic conditions. These differences were modified by hyperoxia. CD45+ cell count was positively correlated with plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P < 0.001) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining for human CD206 and mouse F4/80 confirmed absence of macrophages in MISTRG lungs at P14. Conclusions Despite the inherent absence of macrophages in early stages of lung development, immunodeficient MISTRG mice revealed changes in alveolar and microvascular development induced by human monocytes. MISTRG mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia may serve as a novel model to study isolated effects of human monocytes on alveolar and pulmonary vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Birkett
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Janu Newar
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, UC San Diego School of Medicine & Rady Children’s Hospital of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Abhineet M. Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Erika Lin
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, UC San Diego School of Medicine & Rady Children’s Hospital of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lillian Blank
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, UC San Diego School of Medicine & Rady Children’s Hospital of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Suchitra Swaminathan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexander Misharin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Karen K. Mestan
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Neonatology, UC San Diego School of Medicine & Rady Children’s Hospital of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Zhang F, Lu Y. The Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Axis: an Emerging Therapeutic Opportunity for Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2040-2059. [PMID: 36662421 PMCID: PMC9857924 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common condition in women of reproductive age, but its current interventions are unsatisfactory. Recent research discovered a dysregulation of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway in endometriosis and showed a positive outcome by targeting it. The S1P axis participates in a series of fundamental pathophysiological processes. This narrative review is trying to expound the reported and putative (due to limited reports in this area for now) interactions between the S1P axis and endometriosis in those pathophysiological processes, to provide some perspectives for future research. In short, S1P signaling pathway is highly activated in the endometriotic lesion. The S1P concentration has a surge in the endometriotic cyst fluid and the peritoneal fluid, with the downstream dysregulation of its receptors. The S1P axis plays an essential role in the migration and activation of the immune cells, fibrosis, angiogenesis, pain-related hyperalgesia, and innervation. S1P receptor (S1PR) modulators showed an impressive therapeutic effect by targeting the different S1P receptors in the endometriosis model, and many other conditions resemble endometriosis. And several of them already got approval for clinical application in many diseases, which means a drug repurposing direction and a rapid clinical translation for endometriosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Rd, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Sausen DG, Basith A, Muqeemuddin S. EBV and Lymphomagenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072133. [PMID: 37046794 PMCID: PMC10093459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) cannot be understated. Not only does it infect approximately 90% of the world’s population, but it is also associated with numerous pathologies. Diseases linked to this virus include hematologic malignancies such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma, and NK/T-cell lymphoma, epithelial malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Graves’ disease, and lupus. While treatment for these disease states is ever evolving, much work remains to more fully elucidate the relationship between EBV, its associated disease states, and their treatments. This paper begins with an overview of EBV latency and latency-associated proteins. It will then review EBV’s contributions to select hematologic malignancies with a focus on the contribution of latent proteins as well as their associated management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Sausen
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ayeman Basith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Stirm K, Leary P, Wüst D, Stark D, Joller N, Karakus U, Boyman O, Tzankov A, Müller A. Treg-selective IL-2 starvation synergizes with CD40 activation to sustain durable responses in lymphoma models. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006263. [PMID: 36822670 PMCID: PMC9950978 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roughly half of all diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are infiltrated by large numbers of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Although the presence of 'effector' Tregs in particular is associated with an inferior prognosis in patients on standard rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) immunochemotherapy, the role of this cell type during lymphoma initiation and progression is poorly understood. METHODS Here, we use tissue microarrays containing prospectively collected DLBCL patient specimens, as well as data from publicly available cohorts to explore the mutational landscape of Treg-infiltrated DLBCL. We further take advantage of a model of MYC-driven lymphoma to mechanistically dissect the contribution of Tregs to lymphoma pathogenesis and to develop a strategy of Treg-selective interleukin-2 (IL-2) starvation to improve immune control of MYC-driven lymphoma. RESULTS We find that all genetic DLBCL subtypes, except for one characterized by co-occurring MYD88/CD79 mutations, are heavily infiltrated by Tregs. Spectral flow cytometry and scRNA-sequencing reveal the robust expression of functional and immunosuppressive markers on Tregs infiltrating MYC-driven lymphomas; notably, we find that intratumoral Tregs arise due to local conversion from naïve CD4+ precursors on tumor contact. Treg ablation in Foxp3iDTR mice, or by antibody-mediated Treg-selective blockade of IL-2 signaling, strongly reduces the lymphoma burden. We identify lymphoma B-cells as a major source of IL-2, and show that the effects of Treg depletion are reversed by the simultaneous depletion of Foxp3-negative CD4+ T-cells, but not CD8+ T-cells or natural killer (NK) cells. The inhibition of ATP hydrolyzation and adenosine production by Tregs at least partly phenocopies the effects of Treg depletion. Treg depletion further synergizes with pro-apoptotic CD40 activation to sustain durable responses. CONCLUSION The combined data implicate Tregs as a potential therapeutic target in DLBCL, especially in combination with other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Stirm
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Leary
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daria Wüst
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Stark
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Joller
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ufuk Karakus
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Takahara T, Nakamura S, Tsuzuki T, Satou A. The Immunology of DLBCL. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:835. [PMID: 36765793 PMCID: PMC9913124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy and is the most common type of malignant lymphoid neoplasm. While some DLBCLs exhibit strong cell-autonomous survival and proliferation activity, others depend on interactions with non-malignant cells for their survival and proliferation. Recent next-generation sequencing studies have linked these interactions with the molecular classification of DLBCL. For example, germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL tends to show strong associations with follicular T cells and epigenetic regulation of immune recognition molecules, whereas activated B-cell-like DLBCL shows frequent genetic aberrations affecting the class I major histocompatibility complex. Single-cell technologies have also provided detailed information about cell-cell interactions and the cell composition of the microenvironment of DLBCL. Aging-related immunological deterioration, i.e., immunosenescence, also plays an important role in DLBCL pathogenesis, especially in Epstein-Barr virus-positive DLBCL. Moreover, DLBCL in "immune-privileged sites"-where multiple immune-modulating mechanisms exist-shows unique biological features, including frequent down-regulation of immune recognition molecules and an immune-tolerogenic tumor microenvironment. These advances in understanding the immunology of DLBCL may contribute to the development of novel therapies targeting immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Takahara
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akira Satou
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
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11
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Ng WL, Ansell SM, Mondello P. Insights into the tumor microenvironment of B cell lymphoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:362. [PMID: 36578079 PMCID: PMC9798587 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The standard therapies in lymphoma have predominantly focused on targeting tumor cells with less of a focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a critical role in favoring tumor growth and survival. Such an approach may result in increasingly refractory disease with progressively reduced responses to subsequent treatments. To overcome this hurdle, targeting the TME has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy. The TME consists of T and B lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and other components. Understanding the TME can lead to a comprehensive approach to managing lymphoma, resulting in therapeutic strategies that target not only cancer cells, but also the supportive environment and thereby ultimately improve survival of lymphoma patients. Here, we review the normal function of different components of the TME, the impact of their aberrant behavior in B cell lymphoma and the current TME-direct therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Lynn Ng
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stephen M. Ansell
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Patrizia Mondello
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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12
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Lee AC, Pingali SR, Pinilla-Ibarz JA, Atchison ML, Koumenis C, Argon Y, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, De Trez C, Hu CCA, Tang CHA. Loss of AID exacerbates the malignant progression of CLL. Leukemia 2022; 36:2430-2442. [PMID: 36042317 PMCID: PMC9522595 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been implicated as both a positive and a negative factor in the progression of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but the role that it plays in the development and progression of this disease is still unclear. We generated an AID knockout CLL mouse model, AID-/-/Eμ-TCL1, and found that these mice die significantly earlier than their AID-proficient counterparts. AID-deficient CLL cells exhibit a higher ER stress response compared to Eμ-TCL1 controls, particularly through activation of the IRE1/XBP1s pathway. The increased production of secretory IgM in AID-deficient CLL cells contributes to their elevated expression levels of XBP1s, while secretory IgM-deficient CLL cells express less XBP1s. This increase in XBP1s in turn leads AID-deficient CLL cells to exhibit higher levels of B cell receptor signaling, supporting leukemic growth and survival. Further, AID-/-/Eμ-TCL1 CLL cells downregulate the tumor suppressive SMAD1/S1PR2 pathway and have altered homing to non-lymphoid organs. Notably, CLL cells from patients with IgHV-unmutated disease express higher levels of XBP1s mRNA compared to those from patients with IgHV-mutated CLL. Our studies thus reveal novel mechanisms by which the loss of AID leads to worsened CLL and may explain why unmutated CLL is more aggressive than mutated CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery C Lee
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Cell & Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sai Ravi Pingali
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javier A Pinilla-Ibarz
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael L Atchison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl De Trez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chih-Chi Andrew Hu
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chih-Hang Anthony Tang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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13
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Pathway importance by graph convolutional network and Shapley additive explanations in gene expression phenotype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269570. [PMID: 35749395 PMCID: PMC9231717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning techniques have recently been applied to analyze associations between gene expression data and disease phenotypes. However, there are concerns regarding the black box problem: it is difficult to interpret why the prediction results are obtained using deep learning models from model parameters. New methods have been proposed for interpreting deep learning model predictions but have not been applied to genetics. In this study, we demonstrated that applying SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to a deep learning model using graph convolutions of genetic pathways can provide pathway-level feature importance for classification prediction of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) gene expression subtypes. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, a graph convolutional network (GCN) model was implemented to construct graphs with nodes and edges. DLBCL datasets, including microarray gene expression data and clinical information on subtypes (germinal center B-cell-like type and activated B-cell-like type), were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus to evaluate the model. The GCN model showed an accuracy of 0.914, precision of 0.948, recall of 0.868, and F1 score of 0.906 in analysis of the classification performance for the test datasets. The pathways with high feature importance by SHAP included highly enriched pathways in the gene set enrichment analysis. Moreover, a logistic regression model with explanatory variables of genes in pathways with high feature importance showed good performance in predicting DLBCL subtypes. In conclusion, our GCN model for classifying DLBCL subtypes is useful for interpreting important regulatory pathways that contribute to the prediction.
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14
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Zhang Q, Zhu Z, Guan J, Zheng C. Identification and Assessment of Necroptosis-Related Genes in Clinical Prognosis and Immune Cells in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904614. [PMID: 35814424 PMCID: PMC9257018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the unveiling of new mechanisms and the advent of new drugs, the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) becomes promising, but some patients still progress to the relapse or refractory stage. Necroptosis, as a relatively novel programmed cell death, is involved in the development of multiple tumors. There are no relevant studies on the prognostic significance of necroptosis in DLBCL to date. Methods We identified the differential necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) by comparing the DLBCL and normal control in GSE12195 and GSE56315 datasets. TCGA DLBC and GSE10846 containing clinical information and microarray expression profiling were merged as the entire cohort. We performed consensus clusters based on NRGs and two clusters were obtained. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival analysis, GSVA, GO, KEGG, and ssGSEA were used to analyze the survival, function, and immune microenvironment between two clusters. With LASSO and proportional hazard model construction, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NRG clusters, calculated the risk score, established a prognostic model, and validated its value by calibration and ROC curves. The entire cohort was divided into the training and test cohort, and GSE87371 was included as an external validation cohort. K-M, copy number variation, tumor mutation burden, and drug sensitivity were also analyzed. Results We found significant differences in prognosis between the two NRG clusters. Cluster A with a poor prognosis had a decreased expression of NRGs and a relatively suppressed immune microenvironment. GSVA analysis indicated that cluster A was related to the downregulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway and the activation of the Notch signaling pathway. The risk score had an accurate predictive ability. The nomogram could help predict the survival probability of DLBCL patients in the entire cohort and the external validation cohort. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram, risk score, and International Prognostic Index was 0.723, 0.712, and 0.537, respectively. γ/δ T cells and Macrophage 1 cells decreased while Macrophage 2 cells and Natural Killer resting cells increased in the high-risk group. In addition, the high-risk group was more sensitive to the PI3K inhibitor and the PDK inhibitor. Conclusion We explored the potential role of necroptosis in DLBCL from multiple perspectives and provided a prognostic nomogram for the survival prediction of DLBCL. Necroptosis was downregulated and was correlated with an immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment and poor prognosis in DLBCL. Our study may deepen the understanding and facilitate the development of new therapy targets for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikai Zhang
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zongsi Zhu
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaqiang Guan
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Zheng
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cuiping Zheng,
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15
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Janneh AH, Ogretmen B. Targeting Sphingolipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2183. [PMID: 35565311 PMCID: PMC9104917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that have key roles in regulating tumor cell death and survival through, in part, the functional roles of ceramide accumulation and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, respectively. Mechanistic studies using cell lines, mouse models, or human tumors have revealed crucial roles of sphingolipid metabolic signaling in regulating tumor progression in response to anticancer therapy. Specifically, studies to understand ceramide and S1P production pathways with their downstream targets have provided novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this review, we present recent evidence of the critical roles of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes in regulating tumor progression via mechanisms involving cell death or survival. The roles of S1P in enabling tumor growth/metastasis and conferring cancer resistance to existing therapeutics are also highlighted. Additionally, using the publicly available transcriptomic database, we assess the prognostic values of key sphingolipid enzymes on the overall survival of patients with different malignancies and present studies that highlight their clinical implications for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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16
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Pherez-Farah A, López-Sánchez RDC, Villela-Martínez LM, Ortiz-López R, Beltrán BE, Hernández-Hernández JA. Sphingolipids and Lymphomas: A Double-Edged Sword. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2051. [PMID: 35565181 PMCID: PMC9104519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a highly heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms. Given their ethiopathogenic complexity, their classification and management can become difficult tasks; therefore, new approaches are continuously being sought. Metabolic reprogramming at the lipid level is a hot topic in cancer research, and sphingolipidomics has gained particular focus in this area due to the bioactive nature of molecules such as sphingoid bases, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, globosides, and gangliosides. Sphingolipid metabolism has become especially exciting because they are involved in virtually every cellular process through an extremely intricate metabolic web; in fact, no two sphingolipids share the same fate. Unsurprisingly, a disruption at this level is a recurrent mechanism in lymphomagenesis, dissemination, and chemoresistance, which means potential biomarkers and therapeutical targets might be hiding within these pathways. Many comprehensive reviews describing their role in cancer exist, but because most research has been conducted in solid malignancies, evidence in lymphomagenesis is somewhat limited. In this review, we summarize key aspects of sphingolipid biochemistry and discuss their known impact in cancer biology, with a particular focus on lymphomas and possible therapeutical strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Pherez-Farah
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mario Villela-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Hospital Fernando Ocaranza, ISSSTE, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico
- Centro Médico Dr. Ignacio Chávez, ISSSTESON, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Brady E Beltrán
- Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima 15072, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 1801, Peru
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17
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Timmins MA, Ringshausen I. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Orchestrates Tumour and Bystander Cells in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1772. [PMID: 35406544 PMCID: PMC8996985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) is a critical regulator of normal haematopoiesis. Dysregulation of the TGFB pathway is associated with numerous haematological malignancies including myelofibrosis, acute myeloid leukaemia, and lymphoid disorders. TGFB has classically been seen as a negative regulator of proliferation in haematopoiesis whilst stimulating differentiation and apoptosis, as required to maintain homeostasis. Tumours frequently develop intrinsic resistant mechanisms to homeostatic TGFB signalling to antagonise its tumour-suppressive functions. Furthermore, elevated levels of TGFB enhance pathogenesis through modulation of the immune system and tumour microenvironment. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of TGFB signalling in B-cell malignancies with a focus on the tumour microenvironment. Malignant B-cells harbour subtype-specific alterations in TGFB signalling elements including downregulation of surface receptors, modulation of SMAD signalling proteins, as well as genetic and epigenetic aberrations. Microenvironmental TGFB generates a protumoural niche reprogramming stromal, natural killer (NK), and T-cells. Increasingly, evidence points to complex bi-directional cross-talk between cells of the microenvironment and malignant B-cells. A greater understanding of intercellular communication and the context-specific nature of TGFB signalling may provide further insight into disease pathogenesis and future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Timmins
- Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK;
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Ingo Ringshausen
- Wellcome Trust/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK;
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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18
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Zhuang Y, Che J, Wu M, Guo Y, Xu Y, Dong X, Yang H. Altered pathways and targeted therapy in double hit lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:26. [PMID: 35303910 PMCID: PMC8932183 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade B-cell lymphoma with translocations involving MYC and BCL2 or BCL6, usually referred to as double hit lymphoma (DHL), is an aggressive hematological malignance with distinct genetic features and poor clinical prognosis. Current standard chemoimmunotherapy fails to confer satisfying outcomes and few targeted therapeutics are available for the treatment against DHL. Recently, the delineating of the genetic landscape in tumors has provided insight into both biology and targeted therapies. Therefore, it is essential to understand the altered signaling pathways of DHL to develop treatment strategies with better clinical benefits. Herein, we summarized the genetic alterations in the two DHL subtypes (DHL-BCL2 and DHL-BCL6). We further elucidate their implications on cellular processes, including anti-apoptosis, epigenetic regulations, B-cell receptor signaling, and immune escape. Ongoing and potential therapeutic strategies and targeted drugs steered by these alterations were reviewed accordingly. Based on these findings, we also discuss the therapeutic vulnerabilities that coincide with these genetic changes. We believe that the understanding of the DHL studies will provide insight into this disease and capacitate the finding of more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhuang
- Department of Lymphoma, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Guo
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Department of Lymphoma, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Lymphoma, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Stirm K, Leary P, Bertram K, Núñez NG, Wüst D, Boudesco C, Verhoeyen E, Zenz T, Becher B, Menter T, Tzankov A, Müller A. Tumor cell-derived IL-10 promotes cell-autonomous growth and immune escape in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:2003533. [PMID: 34858727 PMCID: PMC8632300 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2003533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy arising from germinal center or post-germinal center B-cells that retain many of the properties of normal B-cells. Here we show that a subset of DLBCL express the cytokine IL-10 and its receptor. The genetic ablation of IL-10 receptor signaling abrogates the autocrine STAT3 phosphorylation triggered by tumor cell-intrinsic IL-10 expression and impairs growth of DLBCL cell lines in subcutaneous and orthotopic xenotransplantation models. Furthermore, we demonstrate using an immunocompetent Myc-driven model of DLBCL that neutralization of IL-10 signaling reduces tumor growth, which can be attributed to reduced Treg infiltration, stronger intratumoral effector T-cell responses, and restored tumor-specific MHCII expression. The effects of IL-10R neutralization were phenocopied by the genetic ablation of IL-10 signaling in the Treg compartment and could be reversed by MHCII blockade. The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib effectively blocked tumor cell-intrinsic IL-10 expression and tumor growth in this Myc-driven model. Tumors from patients with high IL-10RA expression are infiltrated by higher numbers of Tregs than IL-10RAlow patients. Finally, we show in 16 cases of DLBCL derived from transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy that IL-10RA expression is less common in this cohort, and Treg infiltration is not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Stirm
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Leary
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Bertram
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daria Wüst
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Boudesco
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI, Université de Lyon; Inserm U1111; Ens de Lyon, France.,C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Nice, France
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Menter
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Bertram K, Leary PJ, Boudesco C, Fullin J, Stirm K, Dalal V, Zenz T, Tzankov A, Müller A. Inhibitors of Bcl-2 and Bruton's tyrosine kinase synergize to abrogate diffuse large B-cell lymphoma growth in vitro and in orthotopic xenotransplantation models. Leukemia 2021; 36:1035-1047. [PMID: 34795418 PMCID: PMC8979814 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous targeted therapies have been developed for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but the results of late-stage clinical trials were mostly disappointing and have led to very few new regulatory approvals. Here, we use single and combinatorial drug response profiling to show that the combined inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and of the tyrosine kinase BTK with the small molecules venetoclax and ibrutinib efficiently kills DLBCL cells in vitro. High Bcl-2 expression due to either BCL2 amplifications or translocations, in conjunction with chronic active BCR signaling accurately predict responses to dual Bcl-2/BTK inhibition. Orthotopic xenotransplantation and patient-derived xenograft models confirm that the combinatorial is superior to single-agent treatment in reducing the lymphoma burden. Combinatorial treatment further efficiently overcomes both primary and acquired resistance to venetoclax, which we could link to reduced expression of the Bcl-2 family members Bcl-XL and Bcl-2A1 under ibrutinib. We found in a Swiss DLBCL cohort that ~15% of patients are projected to respond to the venetoclax/ibrutinib combination based on their high Bcl-2 expression and nuclear NF-κB localization. Our data show that drug sensitivities exposed by drug response profiling can be attributed to specific mutational signatures and immunohistochemical biomarkers, and point to combined Bcl-2/BTK inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bertram
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter John Leary
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Boudesco
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Fullin
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Stirm
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vineet Dalal
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Aslan B, Kismali G, Chen LS, Iles LR, Mahendra M, Peoples M, Gagea M, Fowlkes NW, Zheng X, Wang J, Vellano CP, Marszalek JR, Bertilaccio MTS, Gandhi V. Development and characterization of prototypes for in vitro and in vivo mouse models of ibrutinib-resistant CLL. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3134-3146. [PMID: 34424317 PMCID: PMC8405195 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ibrutinib improves the overall survival of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), some patients still develop resistance, most commonly through point mutations affecting cysteine residue 481 (C481) in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTKC481S and BTKC481R). To enhance our understanding of the biological impact of these mutations, we established cell lines that overexpress wild-type or mutant BTK in in vitro and in vivo models that mimic ibrutinib-sensitive and -resistant CLL. MEC-1 cell lines stably overexpressing wild-type or mutant BTK were generated. All cell lines coexpressed GFP, were CD19+ and CD23+, and overexpressed BTK. Overexpression of wild-type or mutant BTK resulted in increased signaling, as evidenced by the induction of p-BTK, p-PLCγ2, and p-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) levels, the latter further augmented upon IgM stimulation. In all cell lines, cell cycle profiles and levels of BTK expression were similar, but the RNA sequencing and reverse-phase protein array results revealed that the molecular transcript and protein profiles were distinct. To mimic aggressive CLL, we created xenograft mouse models by transplanting the generated cell lines into Rag2-/-γc-/- mice. Spleens, livers, bone marrow, and peripheral blood were collected. All mice developed CLL-like disease with systemic involvement (engraftment efficiency, 100%). We observed splenomegaly, accumulation of leukemic cells in the spleen and liver, and macroscopically evident necrosis. CD19+ cells accumulated in the spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood. The overall survival duration was slightly lower in mice expressing mutant BTK. Our cell lines and murine models mimicking ibrutinib-resistant CLL will serve as powerful tools to test reversible BTK inhibitors and novel, non-BTK-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
| | | | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and
| | | | | | | | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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22
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Wu J, Zhang M, Faruq O, Zacksenhaus E, Chen W, Liu A, Chang H. SMAD1 as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target in drug-resistant multiple myeloma. Biomark Res 2021; 9:48. [PMID: 34134766 PMCID: PMC8207655 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMAD1, a central mediator in TGF-β signaling, is involved in a broad range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, development and immune response, and is implicated in diverse type of malignancies. Whether SMAD1 plays an important role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis and can serve as a therapeutic target are largely unknown. METHODS Myeloma cell lines and primary MM samples were used. Cell culture, cytotoxicity and apoptosis assay, siRNA transfection, Western blot, RT-PCR, Soft-agar colony formation, and migration assay, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (Chip), animal xenograft model studies and statistical analysis were applied in this study. RESULTS We demonstrate that SMAD1 is highly expressed in myeloma cells of MM patients with advanced stages or relapsed disease, and is associated with significantly shorter progression-free and overall survivals. Mechanistically, we show that SMAD1 is required for TGFβ-mediated proliferation in MM via an ID1/p21/p27 pathway. TGF-β also enhanced TNFα-Induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) expression and inhibited apoptosis through SMAD1-mediated induction of NF-κB1. Accordingly, depletion of SMAD1 led to downregulation of NF-κB1 and TNFAIP8, resulting in caspase-8-induced apoptosis. In turn, inhibition of NF-κB1 suppressed SMAD1 and ID1 expression uncovering an autoregulatory loop. Dorsomorphin (DM), a SMAD1 inhibitor, exerted a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on drug-resistant MM cells with minimal cytotoxicity to normal hematopoietic cells, and further synergized with the proteasomal-inhibitor bortezomib to effectively kill drug-resistant MM cells in vitro and in a myeloma xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies SMAD1 regulation of NF-κB1/TNFAIP8 and ID1-p21/p27 as critical axes of MM drug resistance and provides a potentially new therapeutic strategy to treat drug resistance MM through targeted inhibition of SMAD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Omar Faruq
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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23
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Adaptive T-cell immunity controls senescence-prone MyD88- or CARD11-mutant B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2021; 137:2785-2799. [PMID: 33232972 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant B-cell receptor/NF-κB signaling is a hallmark feature of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, especially in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Recurrent mutations in this cascade, for example, in CD79B, CARD11, or NFKBIZ, and also in the Toll-like receptor pathway transducer MyD88, all deregulate NF-κB, but their differential impact on lymphoma development and biology remains to be determined. Here, we functionally investigate primary mouse lymphomas that formed in recipient mice of Eµ-myc transgenic hematopoietic stem cells stably transduced with naturally occurring NF-κB mutants. Although most mutants supported Myc-driven lymphoma formation through repressed apoptosis, CARD11- or MyD88-mutant lymphoma cells selectively presented with a macrophage-activating secretion profile, which, in turn, strongly enforced transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-mediated senescence in the lymphoma cell compartment. However, MyD88- or CARD11-mutant Eµ-myc lymphomas exhibited high-level expression of the immune-checkpoint mediator programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), thus preventing their efficient clearance by adaptive host immunity. Conversely, these mutant-specific dependencies were therapeutically exploitable by anti-programmed cell death 1 checkpoint blockade, leading to direct T-cell-mediated lysis of predominantly but not exclusively senescent lymphoma cells. Importantly, mouse-based mutant MyD88- and CARD11-derived signatures marked DLBCL subgroups exhibiting mirroring phenotypes with respect to the triad of senescence induction, macrophage attraction, and evasion of cytotoxic T-cell immunity. Complementing genomic subclassification approaches, our functional, cross-species investigation unveils pathogenic principles and therapeutic vulnerabilities applicable to and testable in human DLBCL subsets that may inform future personalized treatment strategies.
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24
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Mosquera Orgueira A, Ferreiro Ferro R, Díaz Arias JÁ, Aliste Santos C, Antelo Rodríguez B, Bao Pérez L, Alonso Vence N, Bendaña López Á, Abuin Blanco A, Melero Valentín P, Peleteiro Raindo A, Cid López M, Pérez Encinas MM, González Pérez MS, Fraga Rodríguez MF, Bello López JL. Detection of new drivers of frequent B-cell lymphoid neoplasms using an integrated analysis of whole genomes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248886. [PMID: 33945543 PMCID: PMC8096002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders exhibit a diverse spectrum of diagnostic entities with heterogeneous behaviour. Multiple efforts have focused on the determination of the genomic drivers of B-cell lymphoma subtypes. In the meantime, the aggregation of diverse tumors in pan-cancer genomic studies has become a useful tool to detect new driver genes, while enabling the comparison of mutational patterns across tumors. Here we present an integrated analysis of 354 B-cell lymphoid disorders. 112 recurrently mutated genes were discovered, of which KMT2D, CREBBP, IGLL5 and BCL2 were the most frequent, and 31 genes were putative new drivers. Mutations in CREBBP, TNFRSF14 and KMT2D predominated in follicular lymphoma, whereas those in BTG2, HTA-A and PIM1 were more frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Additionally, we discovered 31 significantly mutated protein networks, reinforcing the role of genes such as CREBBP, EEF1A1, STAT6, GNA13 and TP53, but also pointing towards a myriad of infrequent players in lymphomagenesis. Finally, we report aberrant expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors associated with novel noncoding mutations (DTX1 and S1PR2), and new recurrent copy number aberrations affecting immune check-point regulators (CD83, PVR) and B-cell specific genes (TNFRSF13C). Our analysis expands the number of mutational drivers of B-cell lymphoid neoplasms, and identifies several differential somatic events between disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Mosquera Orgueira
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Roi Ferreiro Ferro
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Ángel Díaz Arias
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Aliste Santos
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Antelo Rodríguez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Laura Bao Pérez
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Natalia Alonso Vence
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ággeles Bendaña López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Aitor Abuin Blanco
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Paula Melero Valentín
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - And´res Peleteiro Raindo
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Miguel Cid López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo Pérez Encinas
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Marta Sonia González Pérez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Máximo Francisco Fraga Rodríguez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Luis Bello López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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25
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Gupta P, Taiyab A, Hussain A, Alajmi MF, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting the Sphingosine Kinase/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Axis in Drug Discovery for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1898. [PMID: 33920887 PMCID: PMC8071327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolites have emerged as critical players in the regulation of various physiological processes. Ceramide and sphingosine induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis, whereas sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) promotes cell proliferation and survival. Here, we present an overview of sphingolipid metabolism and the compartmentalization of various sphingolipid metabolites. In addition, the sphingolipid rheostat, a fine metabolic balance between ceramide and S1P, is discussed. Sphingosine kinase (SphK) catalyzes the synthesis of S1P from sphingosine and modulates several cellular processes and is found to be essentially involved in various pathophysiological conditions. The regulation and biological functions of SphK isoforms are discussed. The functions of S1P, along with its receptors, are further highlighted. The up-regulation of SphK is observed in various cancer types and is also linked to radio- and chemoresistance and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Implications of the SphK/S1P signaling axis in human pathologies and its inhibition are discussed in detail. Overall, this review highlights current findings on the SphK/S1P signaling axis from multiple angles, including their functional role, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human malignancies, and inhibitor molecules that may be used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Aaliya Taiyab
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (P.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.)
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26
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Mian SA, Anjos-Afonso F, Bonnet D. Advances in Human Immune System Mouse Models for Studying Human Hematopoiesis and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619236. [PMID: 33603749 PMCID: PMC7884350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has established itself as a promising tool for cancer treatment. There are many challenges that remain including lack of targets and some patients across various cancers who have not shown robust clinical response. One of the major problems that have hindered the progress in the field is the dearth of appropriate mouse models that can reliably recapitulate the complexity of human immune-microenvironment as well as the malignancy itself. Immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human immune cells offer a unique opportunity to comprehensively evaluate immunotherapeutic strategies. These immunosuppressed and genetically modified mice, with some overexpressing human growth factors, have improved human hematopoietic engraftment as well as created more functional immune cell development in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues in these mice. In addition, several new approaches to modify or to add human niche elements to further humanize these immunodeficient mice have allowed a more precise characterization of human hematopoiesis. These important refinements have opened the possibility to evaluate not only human immune responses to different tumor cells but also to investigate how malignant cells interact with their niche and most importantly to test immunotherapies in a more preclinically relevant setting, which can ultimately lead to better success of these drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Mian
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Anjos-Afonso
- Haematopoietic Signalling Group, European Cancer Stem Cell Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Merdan S, Subramanian K, Ayer T, Van Weyenbergh J, Chang A, Koff JL, Flowers C. Gene expression profiling-based risk prediction and profiles of immune infiltration in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:2. [PMID: 33414466 PMCID: PMC7791044 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-00404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical risk stratification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relies on the International Prognostic Index (IPI) for the identification of high-risk disease. Recent studies suggest that the immune microenvironment plays a role in treatment response prediction and survival in DLBCL. This study developed a risk prediction model and evaluated the model’s biological implications in association with the estimated profiles of immune infiltration. Gene-expression profiling of 718 patients with DLBCL was done, for which RNA sequencing data and clinical covariates were obtained from Reddy et al. (2017). Using unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods to identify survival-associated gene signatures, a multivariable model of survival was constructed. Tumor-infiltrating immune cell compositions were enumerated using CIBERSORT deconvolution analysis. A four gene-signature-based score was developed that separated patients into high- and low-risk groups. The combination of the gene-expression-based score with the IPI improved the discrimination on the validation and complete sets. The gene signatures were successfully validated with the deconvolution output. Correlating the deconvolution findings with the gene signatures and risk score, CD8+ T-cells and naïve CD4+ T-cells were associated with favorable prognosis. By analyzing the gene-expression data with a systematic approach, a risk prediction model that outperforms the existing risk assessment methods was developed and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Merdan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kritika Subramanian
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Turgay Ayer
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andres Chang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean L Koff
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Mao S, Jin J, Li Z, Yang W. Knockdown of long non‑coding RNA ANRIL inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of Burkitt lymphoma cells through the TGF‑β1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:146. [PMID: 33325535 PMCID: PMC7751452 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) has a high mortality rate and its treatment is currently limited to chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. The long non-coding RNA antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) has been identified as an oncogene that can regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in multiple types of cancer. However, the function of ANRIL in BL remains unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effect of ANRIL on cell proliferation and apoptosis in BL. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of ANRIL in BL cells. The effect of ANRIL knockdown on BL cells was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometric, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and Hoechst staining assays. The results revealed that ANRIL silencing inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of BL cells. In addition, the expression levels of cyclin D1, E2F transcription factor 1 and Bcl-2 were downregulated, while the expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, Bcl-2-associated X protein, cleaved-caspase-9/pro-caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3/pro-caspase-3 were upregulated. Furthermore, the knockdown of ANRIL activated the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, as evidenced by the upregulated expression levels of TGF-β1, phosphorylated (p)-SMAD2/3/SMAD2/3, p-SMAD1/SMAD1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2. Moreover, the protective effect of ANRIL silencing in BL could be inhibited by the TGF-β receptor type I/II dual inhibitor, LY2109761. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that the knockdown of ANRIL may inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis in BL by regulating the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, which may provide a novel target for the treatment of BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Mao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jieping Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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29
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Petti L, Rizzo G, Rubbino F, Elangovan S, Colombo P, Restelli S, Piontini A, Arena V, Carvello M, Romano B, Cavalleri T, Anselmo A, Ungaro F, D'Alessio S, Spinelli A, Stifter S, Grizzi F, Sgambato A, Danese S, Laghi L, Malesci A, Vetrano S. Unveiling role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 as a brake of epithelial stem cell proliferation and a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:253. [PMID: 33225975 PMCID: PMC7682101 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) mediates pleiotropic functions encompassing cell proliferation, survival, and migration, which become collectively de-regulated in cancer. Information on whether S1PR2 participates in colorectal carcinogenesis/cancer is scanty, and we set out to fill the gap. Methods We screened expression changes of S1PR2 in human CRC and matched normal mucosa specimens [N = 76]. We compared CRC arising in inflammation-driven and genetically engineered models in wild-type (S1PR2+/+) and S1PR2 deficient (S1PR2−/−) mice. We reconstituted S1PR2 expression in RKO cells and assessed their growth in xenografts. Functionally, we mimicked the ablation of S1PR2 in normal mucosa by treating S1PR2+/+ organoids with JTE013 and characterized intestinal epithelial stem cells isolated from S1PR2−/−Lgr5-EGFP- mice. Results S1PR2 expression was lost in 33% of CRC; in 55%, it was significantly decreased, only 12% retaining expression comparable to normal mucosa. Both colitis-induced and genetic Apc+/min mouse models of CRC showed a higher incidence in size and number of carcinomas and/or high-grade adenomas, with increased cell proliferation in S1PR2−/− mice compared to S1PR2+/+ controls. Loss of S1PR2 impaired mucosal regeneration, ultimately promoting the expansion of intestinal stem cells. Whereas its overexpression attenuated cell cycle progression, it reduced the phosphorylation of AKT and augmented the levels of PTEN. Conclusions In normal colonic crypts, S1PR2 gains expression along with intestinal epithelial cells differentiation, but not in intestinal stem cells, and contrasts intestinal tumorigenesis by promoting epithelial differentiation, preventing the expansion of stem cells and braking their malignant transformation. Targeting of S1PR2 may be of therapeutic benefit for CRC expressing high Lgr5. Graphical Abstract. Schematic drawing of the role of S1PR2 in normal mucosa and colorectal cancer. In the normal mucosa, S1PR2 is highly expressed by differentiated cells at the upper region of both colon and intestinal crypts (S1PR2 ON), but not by the undifferentiated stem cell at the base of the crypts (S1PR2 OFF), in which acts as a negative proliferative regulator promoting epithelial differentiation. Its loss leads to the expansion of stem cells and reduced levels of PTEN and Axin-2, two negative regulators respectively of PI3K/AKT and Wnt signaling that control β-catenin signaling. The translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus promotes the transcription of target genes involved in the proliferation and malignant transformation. Thereby, S1PR2 works in the intestine as a tumor suppressor ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01740-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Petti
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Federica Rubbino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Sudharshan Elangovan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Colombo
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical, and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Restelli
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Piontini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Carvello
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cavalleri
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Alessio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Colon and Rectal Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Sanja Stifter
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Malesci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
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30
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Pang M, Li C, Zheng D, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Li F, Jing H. S1PR2 Knockdown Promotes Migration and Invasion in Multiple Myeloma Cells via NF-κB Activation. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7857-7865. [PMID: 32922084 PMCID: PMC7457837 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s237330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of circulating plasma cells (cPCs) was associated with a worse prognosis in multiple myeloma patients. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the migration and invasion of bone marrow myeloma cells (BMMCs) to cPCs remains unclear. Here, we investigate the possible factors related to hematogenous myeloma cell dissemination and potential regulatory mechanisms. Methods BMMCs and cPCs of five extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) patients were selected for single cell RNA sequencing, We found that the expression level of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1RP2) was lower in cPCs compared with that in BMMCs. Then, we investigated the effect of S1PR2 in cell migration and invasion through pharmacologic inhibition with a S1PR2-selective antagonist JTE-013 or knockdown of S1PR2 expression in MM cell line U266. Results The results showed that S1PR2 inhibition with JTE-013 or S1PR2-shRNA significantly promoted cell migration and invasion in U266 cells. We measured the expression of invasion-related proteins by Western blot and found that knockdown of S1PR2 could reduce MMP-9 expression in U266 cells. Furthermore, we found NF-κB pathway may mediate the inhibition effects of S1PR2 on cell migration and invasion in MM cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that S1PR2 downregulation may contribute to the initial extramedullary translocation by promoting cell migration and invasion through NF-κB pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Pang
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Pharmacological DNA demethylation restores SMAD1 expression and tumor suppressive signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3020-3032. [PMID: 31648327 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor S1PR2 and its downstream adaptor Gα13 are recurrently mutationally inactivated in the germinal center B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and are silenced by the S1PR2 repressor FOXP1 in the activated B-cell like subtype of the disease. Loss of S1PR2 signaling relieves the germinal center confinement that is maintained by an S1P gradient and allows cells to resist S1P-induced apoptosis. We have shown previously that S1PR2 expression is induced in normal B cells through a newly described transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/TGF-βRII/SMAD1 signaling axis that is inactivated in >85% of DLBCL patients. DLBCL cell lines lacking S1PR2, TGFBRII, or SMAD1 as the result of genomic editing all have a strong growth advantage in vitro, as well as in subcutaneous and orthotopic xenotransplantation models. Here, we show that the TGF-β signaling pathway in DLBCL is blocked at the level of SMAD1 in DLBCL cell lines and patient samples by hypermethylation of CpG-rich regions surrounding the SMAD1 transcription start site. The pharmacologic restoration of SMAD1 expression by the demethylating agent decitabine (DAC) sensitizes cells to TGF-β-induced apoptosis and reverses the growth of initially SMAD1- cell lines in ectopic and orthotopic models. This effect of DAC is reduced in a SMAD1-knockout cell line. We further show that DAC restores SMAD1 expression and reduces the tumor burden in a novel patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model. The combined data lend further support to the concept of an altered epigenome as a major driver of DLBCL pathogenesis.
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32
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In-depth characterization of the tumor microenvironment in central nervous system lymphoma reveals implications for immune-checkpoint therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1751-1766. [PMID: 32335702 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course. To investigate the potential of immune-checkpoint therapy, we retrospectively studied the tumor microenvironment (TME) using high-plex immunohistochemistry in 22 PCNSL and compared to 7 secondary CNS lymphomas (SCNSL) and 7 "other" CNSL lymphomas with the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus and/or compromised immunity. The TME in PCNSL was predominantly composed of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD163+ phagocytes. Despite molecular differences between PCNSL and SCNSL, the cellular composition and the functional spectrum of cytotoxic T cells were similar. But cytotoxic T cell activation was significantly influenced by pre-biopsy corticosteroids intake, tumor expression of PD-L1 and the presence of EBV. The presence of low numbers of CD8+ T cells and geographic-type necrosis each predicted inferior outcome in PCNSL. Both M1-like (CD68 + CD163low) and M2-like (CD68 + CD163high) phagocytes were identified, and an increased ratio of M1-like/M2-like phagocytes was associated with a better survival. PD-L1 was expressed in lymphoma cells in 28% of cases, while PD1 was expressed in only 0.4% of all CD8+ T cells. TIM-3, a marker for T cell exhaustion, was significantly more expressed in CD8posPD-1pos T cells compared to CD8posPD-1neg T cells, and a similar increased expression was observed in M2-like pro-tumoral phagocytes. In conclusion, the clinical impact of TME composition supports the use of immune-checkpoint therapies in PCNSL. Based on observed differences in immune-checkpoint expression, combinations that boost cytotoxic T cell activation (by blocking TIM-3 or TGFBR1) prior to the administration of PD-L1 inhibition could be of interest.
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33
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Cartier A, Hla T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: Lipid signaling in pathology and therapy. Science 2020; 366:366/6463/eaar5551. [PMID: 31624181 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a metabolic product of cell membrane sphingolipids, is bound to extracellular chaperones, is enriched in circulatory fluids, and binds to G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) to regulate embryonic development, postnatal organ function, and disease. S1PRs regulate essential processes such as adaptive immune cell trafficking, vascular development, and homeostasis. Moreover, S1PR signaling is a driver of multiple diseases. The past decade has witnessed an exponential growth in this field, in part because of multidisciplinary research focused on this lipid mediator and the application of S1PR-targeted drugs in clinical medicine. This has revealed fundamental principles of lysophospholipid mediator signaling that not only clarify the complex and wide ranging actions of S1P but also guide the development of therapeutics and translational directions in immunological, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreane Cartier
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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34
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Vela V, Juskevicius D, Gerlach MM, Meyer P, Graber A, Cathomas G, Dirnhofer S, Tzankov A. High throughput sequencing reveals high specificity of TNFAIP3 mutations in ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:284-292. [PMID: 32012328 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The majority of ocular adnexal (OA) lymphomas (OAL) are extranodal marginal zone lymphomas (MZL). First high throughput sequencing (HTS) studies on OA-MZL showed inconsistent results and the distribution of mutations in reactive lymphoid lesions of this anatomic region has not yet been sufficiently addressed. We characterized OAL and lymphoid lesions of the OA by targeted HTS. The study included 34 OA-MZL, 11 chronic conjunctivitis, five mature small cell B-cell lymphomas spreading to the OA, five diseases with increase of IgG4+ plasma cells, three Burkitt lymphomas (BL), three diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), three mantle cell lymphomas, three idiopathic orbital inflammations/orbital pseudo tumors (PT), and three OA lymphoid hyperplasia. All cases were negative for Chlamydia. The mutational number was highest in BL and lowest in PT. The most commonly (and exclusively) mutated gene in OA-MZL was TNFAIP3 (10 of 34 cases). Altogether, 20 out of 34 patients harbored mutually exclusive mutations of either TNFAIP3, BCL10, MYD88, ATM, BRAF, or NFKBIE, or nonexclusive mutations of IRF8, TNFRSF14, KLHL6, and TBL1XR1, all encoding for NK-κB pathway compounds or regulators. Thirteen patients (38%) had, to a great part, mutually exclusive mutations of chromatin modifier-encoding genes: KMT2D, CREBBP, BCL7A, DNMT3A, EP300, or HIST1H1E. Only four patients harbored co-occurring mutations of genes encoding for NK-κB compounds and chromatin modifiers. Finally, PTEN, KMT2D, PRDM1, and HIST1H2BK mutations were observable in reactive lymphoid lesions too, while such instances were devoid of NF-κB compound mutations and/or mutations of acetyltransferase-encoding genes. In conclusion, 80% of OA-MZL display mutations of either NK-κB compounds or chromatin modifiers. Lymphoid lesions of the OA bearing NF-κB compound mutations and/or mutations of acetyltransferase-encoding genes highly likely represent lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visar Vela
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darius Juskevicius
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena M Gerlach
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Meyer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Eye Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Graber
- Cantonal Institute of Pathology, Liestal, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Novel Mutation Hotspots within Non-Coding Regulatory Regions of the Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Genome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2407. [PMID: 32051441 PMCID: PMC7015923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in non-coding DNA regions are increasingly recognized as cancer drivers. These mutations can modify gene expression in cis or by inducing high-order chormatin structure modifications with long-range effects. Previous analysis reported the detection of recurrent and functional non-coding DNA mutations in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) genome, such as those in the 3′ untranslated region of NOTCH1 and in the PAX5 super-enhancer. In this report, we used whole genome sequencing data produced by the International Cancer Genome Consortium in order to analyze regions with previously reported regulatory activity. This approach enabled the identification of numerous recurrently mutated regions that were frequently positioned in the proximity of genes involved in immune and oncogenic pathways. By correlating these mutations with expression of their nearest genes, we detected significant transcriptional changes in genes such as PHF2 and S1PR2. More research is needed to clarify the function of these mutations in CLL, particularly those found in intergenic regions.
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36
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Wang P, Yuan Y, Lin W, Zhong H, Xu K, Qi X. Roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:295. [PMID: 31807117 PMCID: PMC6857321 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent pleiotropic lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participates in numerous cellular processes, including angiogenesis and cell survival, proliferation, and migration. It is formed by one of two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2. These enzymes largely exert their various biological and pathophysiological actions through one of five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1–5), with receptor activation setting in motion various signaling cascades. Considerable evidence has been accumulated on S1P signaling and its pathogenic roles in diseases, as well as on novel modulators of S1P signaling, such as SphK inhibitors and S1P agonists and antagonists. S1P and ceramide, composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, are reciprocal cell fate regulators, and S1P signaling plays essential roles in several diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Thus, targeting of S1P signaling may be one way to block the pathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target in these conditions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates a role for the S1P signaling pathway in the progression of cancer and its effects. In the present review, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of S1P and its related proteins in cancer progression. Also described is the therapeutic potential of S1P receptors and their downstream signaling cascades as targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Yonghui Yuan
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,2Research and Academic Department, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning China
| | - Wenda Lin
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Hongshan Zhong
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ke Xu
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Xun Qi
- 1Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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37
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Lesch S, Benmebarek MR, Cadilha BL, Stoiber S, Subklewe M, Endres S, Kobold S. Determinants of response and resistance to CAR T cell therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 65:80-90. [PMID: 31705998 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells in pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B cell lymphoma led to the approval of anti-CD19 CAR T cells as the first ever CAR T cell therapy in 2017. However, with the number of CAR T cell-treated patients increasing, observations of tumor escape and resistance to CAR T cell therapy with disease relapse are demonstrating the current limitations of this therapeutic modality. Mechanisms hampering CAR T cell efficiency include limited T cell persistence, caused for example by T cell exhaustion and activation-induced cell death (AICD), as well as therapy-related toxicity. Furthermore, the physical properties, antigen heterogeneity and immunosuppressive capacities of solid tumors have prevented the success of CAR T cells in these entities. Herein we review current obstacles of CAR T cell therapy and propose strategies in order to overcome these hurdles and expand CAR T cell therapy to a broader range of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lesch
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno L Cadilha
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoiber
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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38
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Hashwah H, Bertram K, Stirm K, Stelling A, Wu CT, Kasser S, Manz MG, Theocharides AP, Tzankov A, Müller A. The IL-6 signaling complex is a critical driver, negative prognostic factor, and therapeutic target in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10576. [PMID: 31515941 PMCID: PMC6783642 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a growth factor for normal B cells and plasma cell-derived malignancies. Here, we show that the IL-6 signaling pathway is also active in a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with particularly poor prognosis. Primary DLBCL cells and DLBCL cell lines expressing IL-6R engraft and form orthotopic lymphomas in humanized mice that ectopically produce human IL-6, and in mice reconstituted with a human immune system. We show that a subset of DLBCL cases have evolved mechanisms that ensure constitutive activation of the IL-6 signaling pathway, i.e., the expression of both chains of the IL-6R, the expression of the cytokine itself, and the mutational inactivation of a negative regulator of IL-6 signaling, SOCS1. IL-6 signaling promotes MYC-driven lymphomagenesis in a genetically engineered model, and treatment with the IL-6R-specific antibody tocilizumab reduces growth of primary DLBCL cells and of DLBCL cell lines in various therapeutic settings. The combined results uncover the IL-6 signaling pathway as a driver and negative prognosticator in aggressive DLBCL that can be targeted with a safe and well-tolerated biologic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Hashwah
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Bertram
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Stirm
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Stelling
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cheuk-Ting Wu
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Kasser
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre P Theocharides
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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Vockerodt M, Vrzalikova K, Ibrahim M, Nagy E, Margielewska S, Hollows R, Lupino L, Tooze R, Care M, Simmons W, Schrader A, Perry T, Abdullah M, Foster S, Reynolds G, Dowell A, Rudzki Z, Krappmann D, Kube D, Woodman C, Wei W, Taylor G, Murray PG. Regulation of S1PR2 by the EBV oncogene LMP1 in aggressive ABC-subtype diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Pathol 2019; 248:142-154. [PMID: 30666658 DOI: 10.1002/path.5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is found almost exclusively in the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), yet its contribution to this tumour remains poorly understood. We have focused on the EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1), a constitutively activated CD40 homologue expressed in almost all EBV-positive DLBCLs and which can disrupt germinal centre (GC) formation and drive lymphomagenesis in mice. Comparison of the transcriptional changes that follow LMP1 expression with those that follow transient CD40 signalling in human GC B cells enabled us to define pathogenic targets of LMP1 aberrantly expressed in ABC-DLBCL. These included the down-regulation of S1PR2, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor that is transcriptionally down-regulated in ABC-DLBCL, and when genetically ablated leads to DLBCL in mice. Consistent with this, we found that LMP1-expressing primary ABC-DLBCLs were significantly more likely to lack S1PR2 expression than were LMP1-negative tumours. Furthermore, we showed that the down-regulation of S1PR2 by LMP1 drives a signalling loop leading to constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K) pathway. Finally, core LMP1-PI3-K targets were enriched for lymphoma-related transcription factors and genes associated with shorter overall survival in patients with ABC-DLBCL. Our data identify a novel function for LMP1 in aggressive DLBCL. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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MESH Headings
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Databases, Genetic
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/mortality
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors/genetics
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vockerodt
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katerina Vrzalikova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maha Ibrahim
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sandra Margielewska
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert Hollows
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lauren Lupino
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Reuben Tooze
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew Care
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - William Simmons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra Schrader
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Centre, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Hematology & Oncology and GRK 1034 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tracey Perry
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maizaton Abdullah
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Foster
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander Dowell
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zbigniew Rudzki
- Department of Histopathology, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Kube
- Department of Hematology & Oncology and GRK 1034 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ciaran Woodman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Graham Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul G Murray
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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40
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Ahmadi A, Najafi M, Farhood B, Mortezaee K. Transforming growth factor-β signaling: Tumorigenesis and targeting for cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12173-12187. [PMID: 30537043 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multitasking cytokine such that its aberrant expression is related to cancer progression and metastasis. TGF-β is produced by a variety of cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and it is responsible for regulation of the activity of cells within this milieu. TGF-β is a main inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune evasion, and metastasis during cancer progression. TGF-β exerts most of its functions by acting on TβRI and TβRII receptors in canonical (Smad-dependent) or noncanonical (Smad-independent) pathways. Members of mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and nuclear factor κβ are involved in the non-Smad TGF-β pathway. TGF-β acts by complex signaling, and deletion in one of the effectors in this pathway may influence the outcome in a diverse way by taking even an antitumor role. The stage and the type of tumor (contextual cues from cancer cells and/or the TME) and the concentration of TGF-β are other important factors determining the fate of cancer (progression or repression). There are a number of ways for targeting TGF-β signaling in cancer, among them the special focus is on TβRII suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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41
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Haro M, Orsulic S. A Paradoxical Correlation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts With Survival Outcomes in B-Cell Lymphomas and Carcinomas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:98. [PMID: 30211161 PMCID: PMC6120974 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is increasingly recognized as an active participant in tumor progression. A recent pan-cancer genomic profile analysis has revealed that gene signatures representing components of the tumor microenvironment are robust predictors of survival. A stromal gene signature representing fibroblasts and extracellular matrix components has been associated with good survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Paradoxically, a closely related gene signature has been shown to correlate with poor survival in carcinomas, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer. To date, there has been no explanation for this paradoxical inverse correlation with survival outcomes in DLBCL and carcinomas. Using public gene data sets, we confirm that the DLBCL stromal gene signature is associated with good survival in DLBCL and several other B-cell lymphomas while it is associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer and several other solid tumors. We show that the DLBCL stromal gene signature is enriched in lymphoid fibroblasts in normal lymph nodes and in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in ovarian cancer. Based on these findings, we propose several possible mechanisms by which CAFs may contribute to opposite survival outcomes in B-cell lymphomas and carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Haro
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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42
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The Dynamic Roles of TGF-β Signalling in EBV-Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080247. [PMID: 30060514 PMCID: PMC6115974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. It has a biphasic action by initially suppressing tumorigenesis but promoting tumour progression in the later stages of disease. Consequently, the functional outcome of TGF-β signalling is strongly context-dependent and is influenced by various factors including cell, tissue and cancer type. Disruption of this pathway can be caused by various means, including genetic and environmental factors. A number of human viruses have been shown to modulate TGF-β signalling during tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe how this pathway is perturbed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers and how EBV interferes with TGF-β signal transduction. The role of TGF-β in regulating the EBV life cycle in tumour cells is also discussed.
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