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Rivera-Lazarín AL, Calvillo-Rodríguez KM, Izaguirre-Rodríguez M, Vázquez-Guillén JM, Martínez-Torres AC, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Synergistic Enhancement of Chemotherapy-Induced Cell Death and Antitumor Efficacy against Tumoral T-Cell Lymphoblasts by IMMUNEPOTENT CRP. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7938. [PMID: 39063180 PMCID: PMC11276711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell malignancies, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL), present significant challenges to treatment due to their aggressive nature and chemoresistance. Chemotherapies remain a mainstay for their management, but the aggressiveness of these cancers and their associated toxicities pose limitations. Immunepotent CRP (ICRP), a bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract, has shown promise in inducing cytotoxicity against various cancer types, including hematological cancers. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of ICRP with a panel of chemotherapies on cell line models of T-ALL and T-LBL (CEM and L5178Y-R cells, respectively) and its impact on immune system cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, splenic and bone marrow cells). Our findings demonstrate that combining ICRP with chemotherapies enhances cytotoxicity against tumoral T-cell lymphoblasts. ICRP + Cyclophosphamide (CTX) cytotoxicity is induced through a caspase-, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, and calcium-dependent mechanism involving the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in ROS production, and caspase activation. Low doses of ICRP in combination with CTX spare non-tumoral immune cells, overcome the bone marrow-induced resistance to CTX cell death, and improves the CTX antitumor effect in vivo in syngeneic Balb/c mice challenged with L5178Y-R. This led to a reduction in tumor volume and a decrease in Ki-67 proliferation marker expression and the granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio. These results set the basis for further research into the clinical application of ICRP in combination with chemotherapeutic regimens for improving outcomes in T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Rivera-Lazarín
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Kenny Misael Calvillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Mizael Izaguirre-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Vázquez-Guillén
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Ana Carolina Martínez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
- LONGEVEDEN S.A. De C.V., Guadalupe 67199, Mexico
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Mestrum SGC, Roanalis BYV, de Wit NCJ, Drent RJM, Boonen BT, van Hemert WLW, Hopman AHN, Ramaekers FCS, Leers MPG. MDS and AML show elevated fractions of CD34-positive blast cell populations with a high anti-apoptotic versus proliferation ratio. Leuk Res 2024; 142:107520. [PMID: 38776565 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2024.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the intertwined processes of (anti-)apoptosis and cell proliferation in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Utilizing antibodies to Bcl-2 and Ki-67, the CD34-positive blast cell compartments in bone marrow aspirates from 50 non-malignant cases, 25 MDS patients, and 25 AML patients were analyzed for their anti-apoptotic and proliferative cell fractions through ten-color flow cytometry. MDS patients exhibited a significantly increased anti-apoptotic (p=0.0014) and reduced proliferative cell fraction (p=0.0030) in their blast cell population as compared to non-malignant cases. AML patients showed an even more exacerbated trend than MDS patients. The resulting Bcl-2:Ki-67 cell fraction ratios in MDS and AML were significantly increased as compared to the non-malignant cases (p=0.0004 and p<0.0001, respectively). AML patients displayed, however, a high degree of variability in their anti-apoptotic and proliferation index, attributed to heterogeneity in maturation stage and severity of the disease at diagnosis. Using double-labeling for Bcl-2 and Ki-67 it could be shown that besides blast cells with a mutually exclusive Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression, also blast cells concurrently exhibiting anti-apoptotic and proliferative marker expression were found. Integrating these two dynamic markers into MDS and AML diagnostic workups may enable informed conclusions about their biological behavior, facilitating individualized therapy decisions for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G C Mestrum
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - B Y Vanblarcum Roanalis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Norbert C J de Wit
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roosmarie J M Drent
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert T Boonen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter L W van Hemert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Anton H N Hopman
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans C S Ramaekers
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, GROW-Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Nordic-MUbio, an Absolute Biotech Company, Susteren, the Netherlands
| | - Math P G Leers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
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Nocquet L, Roul J, Lefebvre CC, Duarte L, Campone M, Juin PP, Souazé F. Low BCL-xL expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells favors chemotherapy efficacy, and this effect is limited by cancer-associated fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14177. [PMID: 38898061 PMCID: PMC11187150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) present a poor prognosis primarily due to their resistance to chemotherapy. This resistance is known to be associated with elevated expression of certain anti-apoptotic members within the proteins of the BCL-2 family (namely BCL-xL, MCL-1 and BCL-2). These regulate cell death by inhibiting pro-apoptotic protein activation through binding and sequestration and they can be selectively antagonized by BH3 mimetics. Yet the individual influences of BCL-xL, MCL-1, and BCL-2 on the sensitivity of TNBC cells to chemotherapy, and their regulation by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), major components of the tumor stroma and key contributors to therapy resistance remain to be delineated. Using gene editing or BH3 mimetics to inhibit anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in TNBC line MDA-MB-231, we show that BCL-xL and MCL-1 promote cancer cell survival through compensatory mechanisms. This cell line shows limited sensitivity to chemotherapy, in line with the clinical resistance observed in TNBC patients. We elucidate that BCL-xL plays a pivotal role in therapy response, as its depletion or pharmacological inhibition heightened chemotherapy effectiveness. Moreover, BCL-xL expression is associated with chemotherapy resistance in patient-derived tumoroids where its pharmacological inhibition enhances ex vivo response to chemotherapy. In a co-culture model of cancer cells and CAFs, we observe that even in a context where BCL-xL reduced expression renders cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy, those in contact with CAFs display reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy. Thus CAFs exert a profound pro-survival effect in breast cancer cells, even in a setting highly favoring cell death through combined chemotherapy and absence of the main actor of chemoresistance, BCL-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nocquet
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Julie Roul
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Chloé C Lefebvre
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Laurine Duarte
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Mario Campone
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Philippe P Juin
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France.
- ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France.
| | - Frédérique Souazé
- INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France.
- Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France.
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Hoshina H, Sakatani T, Kawamoto Y, Ohashi R, Takei H. Cytomorphological Disparities in Invasive Breast Cancer Cells following Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy and Chemotherapy. Pathobiology 2024; 91:288-298. [PMID: 38447546 PMCID: PMC11309077 DOI: 10.1159/000538227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAE) offers a breast-conserving surgery rate and clinical response rate similar to those of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), while presenting fewer adverse events and lower pathological complete response rates. The assessment of pathological response determines degenerative changes and predicts the prognosis of breast cancer treated with NAC. This study clarified the degenerative changes occurring in breast cancer following NAE. METHODS Our study encompassed two groups: NAE, consisting of 15 patients, and NAC, comprising 18 patients. Tissue samples were obtained from core needle biopsies and surgeries. Nuclear and cell areas were calculated using Autocell analysis. Furthermore, we assessed markers associated with microtubule depolymerization (KIF2A) and initiators of apoptosis (caspase-9). RESULTS In the NAC group, we observed significant increases in both cytoplasmic and cell areas. These changes in cytoplasm and cells were notably more pronounced in the NAC group compared to the NAE group. After treatment, KIF2A exhibited a decrease, with the magnitude of change being greater in the NET group than in the NAC group. However, no discernible differences were found in caspase-9 expression between the two groups. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that NAE induces condensation in cancer cells via cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Conversely, NAC leads to cell enlargement due to the absence of microtubule depolymerization. These discrepancies underscore the importance of accounting for these distinctions when establishing criteria for evaluating pathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Hoshina
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Takashi Sakatani
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawamoto
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Feng S, Yuan Y, Lin Z, Li M, Ye D, Shi L, Li D, Zhao M, Meng C, He X, Wu S, Xiong F, Ye S, Yang J, Zhuang H, Hong L, Gao S. Low-dose hypomethylating agents cooperate with ferroptosis inducers to enhance ferroptosis by regulating the DNA methylation-mediated MAGEA6-AMPK-SLC7A11-GPX4 signaling pathway in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:19. [PMID: 38378601 PMCID: PMC10877917 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is a new form of nonapoptotic and iron-dependent type of cell death. Glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) plays an essential role in anti-ferroptosis by reducing lipid peroxidation. Although acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, especially relapsed and refractory (R/R)-AML, present high GPX4 levels and enzyme activities, pharmacological inhibition of GPX4 alone has limited application in AML. Thus, whether inhibition of GPX4 combined with other therapeutic reagents has effective application in AML is largely unknown. METHODS Lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) assays were used to assess ferroptosis in AML cells treated with the hypomethylating agent (HMA) decitabine (DAC), ferroptosis-inducer (FIN) RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3), or their combination. Combination index (CI) analysis was used to assess the synergistic activity of DAC + RSL3 against AML cells. Finally, we evaluated the synergistic activity of DAC + RSL3 in murine AML and a human R/R-AML-xenografted NSG model in vivo. RESULTS We first assessed GPX4 expression and found that GPX4 levels were higher in AML cells, especially those with MLL rearrangements, than in NCs. Knockdown of GPX4 by shRNA and indirect inhibition of GPX4 enzyme activity by RSL3 robustly induced ferroptosis in AML cells. To reduce the dose of RSL3 and avoid side effects, low doses of DAC (0.5 µM) and RSL3 (0.05 µM) synergistically facilitate ferroptosis by inhibiting the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-SLC7A11-GPX4 axis. Knockdown of AMPK by shRNA enhanced ferroptosis, and overexpression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 rescued DAC + RSL3-induced anti-leukemogenesis. Mechanistically, DAC increased the expression of MAGEA6 by reducing MAGEA6 promoter hypermethylation. Overexpression of MAGEA6 induced the degradation of AMPK, suggesting that DAC inhibits the AMPK-SLC7A11-GPX4 axis by increasing MAGEA6 expression. In addition, DAC + RSL3 synergistically reduced leukemic burden and extended overall survival compared with either DAC or RSL3 treatment in the MLL-AF9-transformed murine model. Finally, DAC + RSL3 synergistically reduced viability in untreated and R/R-AML cells and extended overall survival in two R/R-AML-xenografted NSG mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our study first identify vulnerability to ferroptosis by regulating MAGEA6-AMPK-SLC7A11-GPX4 signaling pathway. Combined treatment with HMAs and FINs provides a potential therapeutic choice for AML patients, especially for R/R-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Feng
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yigang Yuan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Daijiao Ye
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liuzhi Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofei He
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Siyu Ye
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xuanyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haifeng Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Post Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lili Hong
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 54 Post Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Shenmeng Gao
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 1 Xuefubei Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Diseases of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xuanyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Liu J, Zhang M, Wu C, Pan X, Huang Z. TPGS/soluplus® blended micelles: an effective strategy for improving loading capacity of ferroptosis inducer erastin. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2023.2295024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meihong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Lama R, Xu C, Galster SL, Querol-García J, Portwood S, Mavis CK, Ruiz FM, Martin D, Wu J, Giorgi MC, Bargonetti J, Wang ES, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Koudelka GB, Chemler SR, Muñoz IG, Wang X. Small molecule MMRi62 targets MDM4 for degradation and induces leukemic cell apoptosis regardless of p53 status. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933446. [PMID: 35992795 PMCID: PMC9389462 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2 and MDM4 proteins are key negative regulators of tumor suppressor p53. MDM2 and MDM4 interact via their RING domains and form a heterodimer polyubiquitin E3 ligase essential for p53 degradation. MDM4 also forms heterodimer E3 ligases with MDM2 isoforms that lack p53-binding domains, which regulate p53 and MDM4 stability. We are working to identify small-molecule inhibitors targeting the RING domain of MDM2-MDM4 (MMRi) that can inactivate the total oncogenic activity of MDM2-MDM4 heterodimers. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of MMRi62 as an MDM4-degrader and apoptosis inducer in leukemia cells. Biochemically, in our experiments, MMRi62 bound to preformed RING domain heterodimers altered the substrate preference toward MDM4 ubiquitination and promoted MDM2-dependent MDM4 degradation in cells. This MDM4-degrader activity of MMRi62 was found to be associated with potent apoptosis induction in leukemia cells. Interestingly, MMRi62 effectively induced apoptosis in p53 mutant, multidrug-resistant leukemia cells and patient samples in addition to p53 wild-type cells. In contrast, MMRi67 as a RING heterodimer disruptor and an enzymatic inhibitor of the MDM2-MDM4 E3 complex lacked MDM4-degrader activity and failed to induce apoptosis in these cells. In summary, this study identifies MMRi62 as a novel MDM2-MDM4-targeting agent and suggests that small molecules capable of promoting MDM4 degradation may be a viable new approach to killing leukemia cells bearing non-functional p53 by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Lama
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Samuel L. Galster
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Javier Querol-García
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Scott Portwood
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cory K. Mavis
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Federico M. Ruiz
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martin
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Marianna C. Giorgi
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eunice S. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | | | - Gerald B. Koudelka
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Inés G. Muñoz
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Xinjiang Wang,
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Fukushima H, Turkbey B, Pinto PA, Furusawa A, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) in Urologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2996. [PMID: 35740662 PMCID: PMC9221010 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel molecularly-targeted therapy that selectively kills cancer cells by systemically injecting an antibody-photoabsorber conjugate (APC) that binds to cancer cells, followed by the application of NIR light that drives photochemical transformations of the APC. APCs are synthesized by selecting a monoclonal antibody that binds to a receptor on a cancer cell and conjugating it to IRDye700DX silica-phthalocyanine dye. Approximately 24 h after APC administration, NIR light is delivered to the tumor, resulting in nearly-immediate necrotic cell death of cancer cells while causing no harm to normal tissues. In addition, NIR-PIT induces a strong immunologic effect, activating anti-cancer immunity that can be further boosted when combined with either immune checkpoint inhibitors or immune suppressive cell-targeted (e.g., regulatory T cells) NIR-PIT. Currently, a global phase III study of NIR-PIT in recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is ongoing. The first APC and NIR laser systems were approved for clinical use in September 2020 in Japan. In the near future, the clinical applications of NIR-PIT will expand to other cancers, including urologic cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of NIR-PIT and its possible applications in urologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukushima
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Peter A. Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
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SALEM FE, YEHIA HM, KORANY SM, ALARJANI KM, AL-MASOUD AH, ELKHADRAGY MF. Neurotherapeutic effects of prodigiosin conjugated with silver-nanoparticles in rats exposed to cadmium chloride-induced neurotoxicity. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.97322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Liu X, Yuan Z, Tang Z, Chen Q, Huang J, He L, Chen T. Selenium-driven enhancement of synergistic cancer chemo-/radiotherapy by targeting nanotherapeutics. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4691-4700. [PMID: 34019044 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To overcome drug resistance in hypoxic tumors and the limitations of radiation impedance and radiation dose, we developed a nano-radiosensitizer to improve the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy. We used multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as the carriers for a novel anticancer selenadiazole derivative (SeD) and modified its surface with folic acid (FA) to enhance its cervical cancer-targeting effects, forming the nanosystem named SeD@MSNs-FA. Upon radiation, SeD@MSNs-FA inhibits the growth of cervical cancer cells by inducing apoptosis through the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway and S phase arrest, significantly improving the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to X-ray radiation. The combined activity of SeD@MSN-FA and radiation can promote excessive production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce cell apoptosis by affecting p53, protein kinase B (AKT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Furthermore, SeD@MSNs-FA can effectively inhibit tumor growth of xenografted HeLa tumors in nude mice. The toxicity analysis of SeD@MSNs-FA nanoparticles in vivo and the histological analysis performed in the mouse model showed that under the current experimental conditions, the nanoparticles induced no significant damage to the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, or other major organs. Taken together, this study provides a translational nanomedicine-based strategy for the simultaneous chemo- and radiotherapy of cervical cancer and sheds light on potential mechanisms that can be used to overcome radiotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zheng Tang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiarun Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lizhen He
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. and The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. and The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C3 Mediates Chemotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma via ROS Detoxification. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102403. [PMID: 34065695 PMCID: PMC8156851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The multidrug resistance of EAC is one of the major obstacles to chemotherapeutic efficiency. Our study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of AKR1C3 as a novel therapeutic target to overcome chemotherapy resistance for EAC patients. We demonstrate that AKR1C3 renders chemotherapy resistance through controlling cellular ROS levels via AKT signaling in EAC cells. Modulation of intracellular GSH levels by AKR1C3 could scavenge the intracellular ROS, thus regulating apoptosis. Targeting AKR1C3 may represent a novel strategy to sensitize EAC cells to conventional chemotherapy treatment and benefit the overall survival of patients diagnosed with EAC. Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, and limits promising treatments. AKR1C3 represents a therapeutic target to combat the resistance in many cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of AKR1C3 in the chemotherapy resistance of EAC is still unclear. We found that the mRNA level of AKR1C3 was higher in EAC tumor tissues, and that high AKR1C3 expression might be associated with poor overall survival of EAC patients. AKR1C3 overexpression decreased cell death induced by chemotherapeutics, while knockdown of AKR1C3 attenuated the effect. Furthermore, we found AKR1C3 was inversely correlated with ROS production. Antioxidant NAC rescued chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in AKR1C3 knockdown cells, while the GSH biosynthesis inhibitor BSO reversed a protective effect of AKR1C3 against chemotherapy. AKT phosphorylation was regulated by AKR1C3 and might be responsible for eliminating over-produced ROS in EAC cells. Intracellular GSH levels were modulated by AKR1C3 and the inhibition of AKT could reduce GSH level in EAC cells. Here, we reported for the first time that AKR1C3 renders chemotherapy resistance through controlling ROS levels via AKT signaling in EAC cells. Targeting AKR1C3 may represent a novel strategy to sensitize EAC cells to conventional chemotherapy.
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The Jekyll and Hyde of Cellular Senescence in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020208. [PMID: 33494247 PMCID: PMC7909764 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest that can be triggered in response to various insults and is characterized by distinct morphological hallmarks, gene expression profiles, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Importantly, cellular senescence is a key component of normal physiology with tumor suppressive functions. In the last few decades, novel cancer treatment strategies exploiting pro-senescence therapies have attracted considerable interest. Recent insight, however, suggests that therapy-induced senescence (TIS) elicits cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous implications that potentially entail detrimental consequences, reflecting the Jekyll and Hyde nature of cancer cell senescence. In essence, the undesirable manifestations that generally culminate in inflammation, cancer stemness, senescence reversal, therapy resistance, and disease recurrence are dictated by the persistent accumulation of senescent cells and the SASP. Thus, mitigating these pro-tumorigenic effects by eliminating these cells or inhibiting their SASP production holds great promise for developing innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the fundamental aspects and dynamics of cancer cell senescence and summarize the comprehensive research on the adverse outcomes of TIS. Furthermore, we underline the rationale and motivation of emerging senotherapeutic modalities surrounding the removal of senescent cells and the SASP to help maximize the overall efficacy of cancer therapies.
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13
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Zare E, Jamali T, Ardestani SK, Kavoosi G. Synergistic effect of Zataria Multiflora essential oil on doxorubicin-induced growth inhibition of PC3 cancer cells and apoptosis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 42:101286. [PMID: 33340989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Today, herbs are used as adjuncts to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. Here, Zataria-Multiflora Essential Oil (ZEO) was concomitantly employed with doxorubicin, as an anti-cancer drug, to reduce the doxorubicin dosage. The growth inhibition was determined using MTT assay in treated cells. The morphological alteration was observed by fluorescent staining. To verify and compare the apoptosis, AnnexinV-PI flowcytometry and DNA fragmentation assay were performed, and the influence of the compounds on ROS generation was assessed. Changes in MMP and protein expression were analyzed by flowcytometry and western blot, respectively. The results showed that ZEO can act as an amplifier to sensitize PC3 prostate cancer cells to undergo ROS generation and apoptosis. This amplification can heighten the doxorubicin efficacy in lower doses. Consequently, our results indicated that doxorubicin-ZEO combinatory treatment of PC3 cells can reduce the nonspecific toxicity of doxorubicin and can be considered as a candidate in combinatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Zare
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Jamali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sussan K Ardestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Elfiky AA, Baghdady AM, Ali SA, Ahmed MI. GRP78 targeting: Hitting two birds with a stone. Life Sci 2020; 260:118317. [PMID: 32841659 PMCID: PMC7442953 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78) is one member of the Heat Shock Protein family of chaperone proteins (HSPA5) found in eukaryotes. It acts as the master of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) process in the lumen of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). SCOPE Under the stress of unfolded proteins, GRP78 binds to the unfolded proteins to prevent misfolding, while under the load of the unfolded protein, it drives the cell to autophagy or apoptosis. Several attempts reported the overexpression of GRP78 on the cell membrane of cancer cells and cells infected with viruses or fungi. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Cell-surface GRP78 is used as a cancer cell target in previous studies. Additionally, GRP78 is used as a drug target to stop the progression of cancer cells by different compounds, including peptides, antibodies, and some natural compounds. Additionally, it can be used as a protein target to reduce the infectivity of different viruses, including the pandemic SARS-CoV-2. Besides, GRP78 targeting is used in diagnosis and imaging modalities using radionuclides. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review summarizes the various attempts that used GRP78 both in therapy (fighting cancer, viral and fungal infections) and diagnosis (imaging).
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Taherzadeh-Soureshjani P, Chehelgerdi M. Algae-meditated route to cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticle: differential expression profile of MALAT1 and GAS5 LncRNAs and cytotoxic effect in human breast cancer. Cancer Nanotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-020-00066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC), as the most widely recognized disease in women worldwide, represents about 30% of all cancers impacting women. This study was aimed to synthesize Cu2O nanoparticles from the cystoseira myrica algae (CM-Cu2O NPs) assess their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. We evaluated the expression levels of lncRNAs (MALAT1 and GAS5) and apoptosis genes (p53, p27, bax, bcl2 and caspase3), their prognostic roles.
Methods
In this study, CM-Cu2O NPs synthesized by cystoseira myrica algae extraction used to evaluate its cytotoxicity and apoptotic properties on MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and T-47D BC cell lines compared to HDF control cell line. The CM-Cu2O NPs was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of CM-Cu2O NPs was assessed against pathogenic bacteria, staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) PTCC 1112 bacteria as a standard gram-positive bacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) PTCC 1310 as a standard gram-negative bacterium. Expression profile of MALAT1 and GAS5 lncRNAs and apoptosis genes, i.e., p27, bax, bcl2 and caspase3 genes, were calculated utilizing qRT-PCR. The changes in the expression levels were determined using the DDCT method.
Results
MALAT1 was upregulated in MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and T-47D BC (p < 0.01), while GAS5 was downregulated in SKBR3 and T-47D cell lines tested compared with HDF control cell line (p < 0.05) was found. The results revealed that, p27, bax and caspase3 were significantly upregulated in BC cell lines as compared with normal cell line. Bcl2 expression was also significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cell lines compared with normal cell line, but bcl2 levels were downregulated in SKBR3 cell line.
Conclusions
Our results confirm the beneficial cytotoxic effects of green-synthesized CM-Cu2O NPs on BC cell lines. This nanoparticle decreased angiogenesis and induces apoptosis, so we conclude that CM-Cu2O NPs can be used as a supplemental drug in cancer treatments. Significantly, elevated circulating lncRNAs were demonstrated to be BC specific and could differentiate BC cell lines from the normal cell lines. It was demonstrated that lncRNAs used in this study and their expression profiles can be created as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Further studies utilizing patients would give recognizable identification of lncRNAs as key players in intercellular interactions.
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Hussain SS, Faizi S, Rafi K, Simjee SU. Novel Mannich base 3FB3FA8H induces apoptosis by upregulating P53 pathway in neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 471:29-39. [PMID: 32472321 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
P53 plays an important role in maintaining genetic stability and development of resistance against tumors. Dysregulation of P53 gene is one of the key factors contributing to the etiology of neuroblastoma which causes cells to evade apoptosis. Activating P53 pathway can be a therapeutic alternative to the currently available medicinal strategies. Mannich bases have been known to possess various biological activities including the anticancer activity. In this study, we have targeted the P53 pathway by novel Mannich base (3FB3FA8H) which can be a future prospect to cure neuroblastoma. 3FB3FA8H has shown modulation of P53 pathway leading to apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. Mitochondrial membrane permeability is also increased by 3FB3FA8H which may be a consequence of P53 pathway modulation. 3FB3FA8H increases the mRNA levels of P53 leading to activation of BAX. Inclining BAX/BCL2 ratio towards apoptotic BAX leads to cleavage of caspase 3, ultimately, causing apoptosis. Series of experiments provide the evidence that Mannich base 3FB3FA8H leads to P53-mediated apoptosis. Inducing apoptosis by this mechanism could be of central importance in reducing tumor burden which can be a good prospect for neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saad Hussain
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Rafi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shabana U Simjee
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. .,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Karimi S, Fouani MH, Moshaii A, Nikkhah M, Hosseinkhani S, Sheikhnejad R. Development of Dual Functional Nucleic Acid Delivery Nanosystem for DNA Induced Silencing of Bcl-2 Oncogene. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1693-1708. [PMID: 32210560 PMCID: PMC7073599 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s236217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer treatment using functionalized vehicles in order to block involved genes has attracted a remarkable interest. In this study, we investigated the cellular uptake and cytotoxic effects of three sizes of anti Bcl-2 DNAi-conjugated gold nanoparticles by MCF-7 cells. Methods Three different sizes of gold nanoparticles were synthesized by citrate reduction method and after characterization, the nanoparticles were functionalized by Bcl-2 targeted DNAi. Cell internalization of the nanoparticles was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and light microscopy. The cytotoxic effects of the nanoparticles were investigated by MTT assay, flow cytometry and RT-PCR of the target gene. Results While poor cell internalization of bare gold nanoparticles was observed, the results demonstrated that cellular uptake of DNAi-conjugated gold nanoparticles is completely size-dependent, and the largest nanoparticle (~42 nm) revealed the highest internalization rate compared to other sizes (~14 and ~26 nm). Experimental findings showed that the DNAi-conjugated gold nanoparticles induced apoptotic pathway by silencing of the targeted Bcl-2 gene. In addition, supplementary theoretical studies demonstrated that the 42 nm DNAi-conjugated gold nanoparticles have great photothermal conversion efficiency for treatment under external illumination and these nanoparticles can be induced further cytotoxic effect by approximately 10°C temperature elevations. Conclusion Remarkable photothermal properties of DNAi-conjugated 42 nm Au-NPs in parallel with their high cell internalization and cytotoxic effects introduce them as potential dual functional anticancer nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Karimi
- Department of Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Moshaii
- Department of Physics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nikkhah
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Sheikhnejad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tofigh Daru Engineering-Research Co., Tehran, Iran
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Rashid MH, Borin TF, Ara R, Angara K, Cai J, Achyut BR, Liu Y, Arbab AS. Differential in vivo biodistribution of 131I-labeled exosomes from diverse cellular origins and its implication for theranostic application. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102072. [PMID: 31376572 PMCID: PMC6814553 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are critical mediators of intercellular crosstalk and are regulator of the cellular/tumor microenvironment. Exosomes have great prospects for clinical application as a theranostic and prognostic probe. Nevertheless, the advancement of exosomes research has been thwarted by our limited knowledge of the most efficient isolation method and their in vivo trafficking. Here we have shown that a combination of two size-based methods using a 0.20 μm syringe filter and 100 k centrifuge membrane filter followed by ultracentrifugation yields a greater number of uniform exosomes. We also demonstrated the visual representation and quantification of the differential in vivo distribution of radioisotope 131I-labeled exosomes from diverse cellular origins, e.g., tumor cells with or without treatments, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and endothelial progenitor cells. We also determined that the distribution was dependent on the exosomal protein/cytokine contents. The applied in vivo imaging modalities can be utilized to monitor disease progression, metastasis, and exosome-based targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Rashid
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Thaiz F Borin
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Roxan Ara
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kartik Angara
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Grand Rapids Research Center, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jingwen Cai
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bhagelu R Achyut
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Cancer Animal Models Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Nakatsugawa K, Kurosaka H, Inubushi T, Aoyama G, Isogai Y, Usami Y, Toyosawa S, Yamashiro T. Stage- and tissue-specific effect of cyclophosphamide during tooth development. Eur J Orthod 2019; 41:519-530. [PMID: 30715254 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA) in the development of rodent molars. METHODS CPA was administered intraperitoneally in postnatal mice between Day 1 and Day 10, and the morphological phenotype was evaluated at Day 26 using micro-computed tomography and histological analysis, including cell proliferation and cell death analyses. RESULTS M3 molars of the mice who received 100 mg/kg CPA treatment at Day 6 or M2 molars who received treatment at Day 1 resulted in tooth agenesis or marked hypoplasia. Histological observation demonstrated that CPA treatment at Day 6 resulted in shrinkage of the M3 tooth germs, with a significant reduction in the proliferation of apoptotic cells. Conversely, CPA exposure at Day 2, which occurs at around the bud stage of M3, resulted in crown and root hypoplasia, with reduced numbers of cusp and root. In addition, CPA exposure at Day 10, which is the late bell stage of M3, induced root shortening; however, it did not affect crown morphogenesis. LIMITATIONS The timing of CPA administration is limited to after birth. Therefore, its effect during the early stages of M1 and M2 could not be investigated. CONCLUSION Defective phenotypes were evident in both crown and roots due to the effect of CPA. Interestingly, the severity of the phenotypes was associated with the developmental stages of the tooth germs at the time of CPA administration. The cap/early bell stage is the most susceptive timing for tooth agenesis, whereas the late bell stage is predominantly affected in terms of root formation by CPA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nakatsugawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gozo Aoyama
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukako Isogai
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Al-Badri AM, Bargooth AF, Al-Jebori JG, Zegyer EAK. Identification of carbon nanotube particles in liver tissue and its effects on apoptosis of birds exposed to air pollution. Vet World 2019; 12:1372-1377. [PMID: 31749569 PMCID: PMC6813606 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1372-1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to distinguish carbon nanotube (CNT) particles and their pathological effects on the liver of birds in areas with carbon emissions. Materials and Methods Twenty-one domestic ducks were collected from pure farmers and exposed to different sources of air pollution. Histological stains were used to detect the accumulation of carbon particles. In addition, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining was used to detect apoptosis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique was used to determine the morphological design of carbon particles. Results Light microscope results showed that the liver sections contain multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) which appear as black spots in the hepatic parenchyma. The histopathological changes of parenchyma include sinusoidal dilatation, infiltration, and congestion with frequently high number of macrophages. In general, early destruction of hepatic parenchyma was observed. Moreover, SEM results showed two morphological types of CNTs: The ball-shaped nanoparticles scattered as ultrafine carbon black and fiber form of carbon particles were recognized as MWCNTs in the hepatic tissue. Fluorescence microscopy results showed the early and progressive stages of apoptosis in the hepatic cells of birds in polluted areas, which can be related to the degree and exposure period to pollutants. Conclusion The study indicates that liver morbidity of birds living in the farms affected by the pollution of brick factories is higher than the birds living in farms affected by the pollution of oil fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Fayadh Bargooth
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq
| | - Jafar Ghazi Al-Jebori
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq
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Simpson JD, Smith SA, Thurecht KJ, Such G. Engineered Polymeric Materials for Biological Applications: Overcoming Challenges of the Bio-Nano Interface. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1441. [PMID: 31480780 PMCID: PMC6780590 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine has generated significant interest as an alternative to conventional cancertherapy due to the ability for nanoparticles to tune cargo release. However, while nanoparticletechnology has promised significant benefit, there are still limited examples of nanoparticles inclinical practice. The low translational success of nanoparticle research is due to the series ofbiological roadblocks that nanoparticles must migrate to be effective, including blood and plasmainteractions, clearance, extravasation, and tumor penetration, through to cellular targeting,internalization, and endosomal escape. It is important to consider these roadblocks holistically inorder to design more effective delivery systems. This perspective will discuss how nanoparticlescan be designed to migrate each of these biological challenges and thus improve nanoparticledelivery systems in the future. In this review, we have limited the literature discussed to studiesinvestigating the impact of polymer nanoparticle structure or composition on therapeutic deliveryand associated advancements. The focus of this review is to highlight the impact of nanoparticlecharacteristics on the interaction with different biological barriers. More specific studies/reviewshave been referenced where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Simpson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Samuel A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Georgina Such
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia;
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Li J, Chen L, Yan L, Gu Z, Chen Z, Zhang A, Zhao F. A Novel Drug Design Strategy: An Inspiration from Encaging Tumor by Metallofullerenol Gd@C 82(OH) 22. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132387. [PMID: 31252662 PMCID: PMC6650816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major threat to human health worldwide. Cytotoxicity has imposed restrictions on the conventional cytotoxic drug-based chemotherapy. The rapidly-developing nanomedicine has shown great promise in revolutionizing chemotherapy with improved efficiency and reduced toxicity. Gd@C82(OH)22, a novel endohedral metallofullerenol, was first reported by our research group to suppress tumor growth and metastasis efficiently without obvious toxicity. Gd@C82(OH)22 imprisons tumors by facilitating the formation of surrounding fibrous layers which is different from chemotherapeutics that poison tumor cells. In this review, the authors first reported the antineoplastic activity of metallofullerenol Gd@C82(OH)22 followed by further discussions on its new anti-cancer molecular mechanism—tumor encaging. On this basis, the unparalleled advantages of nanomedicine in the future drug design are discussed. The unique interaction modes of Gd@C82(OH)22 with specific targeted biomolecules may shed light on a new avenue for drug design. Depending on the surface characteristics of target biomolecules, nanomedicine, just like a transformable and dynamic key, can self-assemble into suitable shapes to match several locks for the thermodynamic stability, suggesting the target-tailoring ability of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaofang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
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de Lima RDN, Vieira SS, Antonio EL, Camillo de Carvalho PDT, de Paula Vieira R, Mansano BSDM, Ferreira de Arruda Junior D, Girardi ACC, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Low-level laser therapy alleviates the deleterious effect of doxorubicin on rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 196:111512. [PMID: 31129505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and doxorubicin (DOX) has become one of the most commonly prescribed drugs. Stem cell (SC) therapy is proving to be a promising strategy to alleviate DOX adverse effects on non-cancerous cells. However, the drug also has a toxic action on SCs, reducing the efficiency of cell therapy from a preventive view. The present study shows that the DOX toxicity in mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) can be partially overcome by low-level laser irradiation (LLLI). To achieve this, we applied the low-level red laser (wavelength: 660 nm; output power: 30 mW; laser beam: 0.028 cm2; irradiation: 1.07 mW/cm2; Ga-Al-As Photon Laser III, DMC, São Paulo, Brazil) in rat adipose tissue-derived MSCs before their exposure to different DOX concentrations. Results revealed that the DOX reduced the viability and adenosine triphosphate level of MSCs. These findings were followed by significantly increased apoptosis as well as oxidative stress in the MSCs. Interestingly, LLLI at the dose of 0.2 J alleviated the effects of DOX on cell viability and apoptosis, and inhibited oxidative stress in the MSCs. In summary, this study provides a crucial step toward the future application of LLLI as a protective approach against DOX-induced toxicity in MSCs, particularly cell death. This study also lays the groundwork for further investigation into the role of oxidative stress and inflammation as an instructive milieu for cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ednei Luiz Antonio
- Federal Univeristy of São Paulo, Cardiology Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Brasil University, Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of São Paulo, Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Moviment and Rehabilitation, Santos, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal Univeristy of São Paulo, Cardiology Division, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kuo CY, Schelz Z, Tóth B, Vasas A, Ocsovszki I, Chang FR, Hohmann J, Zupkó I, Wang HC. Investigation of natural phenanthrenes and the antiproliferative potential of juncusol in cervical cancer cell lines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152770. [PMID: 31005716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenanthrenes isolated from Juncus species possess different biological activities, including antiproliferative and antimigratory effects. PURPOSE In this study, nine phenanthrenes isolated from the roots of Juncus inflexus were investigated for their antiproliferative activity on several gynecological cancer cell lines, using non-cancerous cells as controls. METHODS Antiproliferative activities of the compounds were determined by means of MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and determination of mitotic cells. Activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9 were detected by colorimetric kits. Tubulin polymerization was followed by kinetic absorbance determination. Action on tumor cell migration was described using wound healing assay. Western blot assays were used to determine apoptosis-related factors at protein level. RESULTS Among the compounds tested, juncusol exhibited the most substantial antiproliferative effect against cervical cancer HeLa cells. It was also revealed that juncusol has a distinct growth inhibitory effect in cervical cancer cell lines of various HPV status: it was highly active in HPV type 18-positive HeLa cells, while it was inactive in HPV type 16-positive SiHa and CaSki cells. Cell cycle analysis showed an increase in G2/M and subG1 cell populations after juncusol treatment. Caspase-3, -8, and -9 were detected to be activated by juncusol in HeLa cells, indicating that juncusol induces apoptotic cell death. Moreover, juncusol inhibited tubulin polymerization, as well as EGFR activation, suggesting two possible additional mechanisms that may account for juncusol's inducing a G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest and inhibiting cell migration. CONCLUSION These results suggest that juncusol is a potent antiproliferative agent against HPV-18 related cervical cancer and may be considered as a lead compound for the development of innovative anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ying Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Schelz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barbara Tóth
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Vasas
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; PhD Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and PhD Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research Center and Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
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Ibrahim IM, Abdelmalek DH, Elfiky AA. GRP78: A cell's response to stress. Life Sci 2019; 226:156-163. [PMID: 30978349 PMCID: PMC7094232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone heat shock protein that has been intensely studied in the last two decades. GRP78 is the master of the unfolded protein response (UBR) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in normal cells. GRP78 force the unfolded proteins to refold or degrade using cellular degradation mechanisms. Scope Under stress, the overexpression of GRP78 on the cell membrane mediates the vast amount of disordered proteins. Unfortunately, this makes it a tool for pathogens (bacterial, fungal and viral) to enter the cell and to start different pathways leading to pathogenesis. Additionally, GRP78 is overexpressed on the membranes of various cancer cells and increase the aggressiveness of the disease. Major conclusions The current review summarizes structure, function, and different mechanisms GRP78 mediate in response to normal or stress conditions. General significance GRP78 targeting and possible inhibition mechanisms are also covered in the present review aiming to prevent the virulence of pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Abdelmalek
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdo A Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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26
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Riaz S, Iqbal M, Ullah R, Zahra R, Chotana GA, Faisal A, Saleem RSZ. Synthesis and evaluation of novel α-substituted chalcones with potent anti-cancer activities and ability to overcome multidrug resistance. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:123-135. [PMID: 30884306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of forty α-substituted chalcones were synthesized and screened for their antiproliferative activities against HCT116 (colorectal) and HCC1954 (breast) cancer cell lines. Compounds 5a and 5e were found to be the most potent compounds with GI50 values of 0.63 µM and 0.725 µM in HCC1954 cell line and 0.69 µM and 1.59 µM in HCT116 cell line, respectively. Both compounds induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest and caused apoptotic cell death in HCT116 cells as shown by the induction of PARP cleavage. The compounds also stabilized p53 in a dose-dependent manner in HCT116 cells following 24-hour treatment. Furthermore, both 5a and 5e were able to overcome multidrug resistance in two MDR-1 overexpressing multidrug resistant cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Riaz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Iqbal
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zahra
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Ghayoor Abbas Chotana
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Amir Faisal
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan.
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan.
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Bioactive glycoalkaloides isolated from Solanum melongena fruit peels with potential anticancer properties against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1746. [PMID: 30741973 PMCID: PMC6370831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is progressively increasing tumor with lack of accurate prognosis and inadequate systemic treatment approaches. Solanum sp. (such as Solanum melongena) is a folk herb which is reported to possess anticancer properties. In a continuity for our interest in pursuing the anticancer activity of compounds isolated from the fruit peels of Solanum melongena, the HPLC profiling and ESI-MS assessment for the methanolic extract evidenced the presence of bioactive glycoalkaloids (solasonine, solasodine and solamargine). These glycoalkaloids were isolated, purified and proved to possess in vitro cytotoxicity against human liver cancer cell lines (Huh7 and HepG2). Herein, we investigated the potential mechanism of action of these compounds using DNA content flow-cytometry and apoptosis/necrosis differential anaylsis using annexin-V/FITC staining. Solasonine, solasodine and solamargine inducd significant antiproliferative effect against liver cancer cells (Huh7 and HepG2) which was attributed to cell cycle arrest at S-phase. Solamargine, solasodine and solasonine induced significant apoptosis in Huh7 cells. Only solamargine-induced cell cycle arrest, was reflected as apoptotic cell killing effect against HepG2 cells. In conclusion, glycoalkaloids derived from Solanum melongena and particularly, solamargine are promising antiproliferative agents with potential anticancer effects.
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Saleme B, Gurtu V, Zhang Y, Kinnaird A, Boukouris AE, Gopal K, Ussher JR, Sutendra G. Tissue-specific regulation of p53 by PKM2 is redox dependent and provides a therapeutic target for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaau8866. [PMID: 30728290 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau8866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) is a common clinical problem that compromises effective anticancer therapies. Many chemotherapeutics (including anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin) induce the proapoptotic transcription factor p53 in the tumor and nonspecifically in the heart, promoting heart failure. Although inhibition of p53 shows benefit in preclinical heart failure models, it would not be an attractive adjuvant therapy for CIC, because it would prevent tumor regression. A p53-targeting therapy that would decrease chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in the myocardium and, at the same time, enhance apoptosis in the tumor would be ideal. Here, we propose that differences in oxygen tension between the myocardium and the tumor could provide a platform for redox-dependent tissue-specific therapies. We show by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry that the redox-regulated pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (PKM2) directly binds with p53 and that the redox status of cysteine-423 of tetrameric (but not monomeric) PKM2 is critical for the differential regulation of p53 transcriptional activity. Tetrameric PKM2 suppresses p53 transcriptional activity and apoptosis in a high oxidation state but enhances them in a low oxidation one. We show that the oxidation state (along with cysteine-423 oxidation) is higher in the heart compared to the tumor of the same animal. Treatment with TEPP-46 (a compound that stabilizes tetrameric PKM2) suppressed doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, preventing cardiac dysfunction, but enhanced cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression in the same animals in lung cancer models. Thus, our work suggests that redox-dependent differences in common proteins expressed in the myocardium and tumor can be exploited therapeutically for tissue selectivity in CIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Saleme
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
| | - Vikram Gurtu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
| | - Yongneng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
| | - Adam Kinnaird
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z1, Canada
| | - Aristeidis E Boukouris
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada.
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7, Canada
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Ercolano G, De Cicco P, Ianaro A. New Drugs from the Sea: Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Sponges and Algae Derived Compounds. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E31. [PMID: 30621025 PMCID: PMC6356258 DOI: 10.3390/md17010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds derived from marine organisms exhibit a wide variety of biological activities. Over the last decades, a great interest has been focused on the anti-tumour role of sponges and algae that constitute the major source of these bioactive metabolites. A substantial number of chemically different structures from different species have demonstrated inhibition of tumour growth and progression by inducing apoptosis in several types of human cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which marine natural products activate apoptosis mainly include (1) a dysregulation of the mitochondrial pathway; (2) the activation of caspases; and/or (3) increase of death signals through transmembrane death receptors. This great variety of mechanisms of action may help to overcome the multitude of resistances exhibited by different tumour specimens. Therefore, products from marine organisms and their synthetic derivates might represent promising sources for new anticancer drugs, both as single agents or as co-adjuvants with other chemotherapeutics. This review will focus on some selected bioactive molecules from sponges and algae with pro-apoptotic potential in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Cannizzo FT, Cucuzza LS, Divari S, Berio E, Scaglione FE, Biolatti B. Gene expression profile associated with thymus regeneration in dexamethasone-treated beef cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 65:101-108. [PMID: 30099262 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are illegally used as growth promoters in cattle, and the analytical methods officially applied most likely underestimate the precise frequency of the abuse. As a side effect, the administration of GCs causes fat infiltration, apoptosis, and atrophy of the thymus. However, gross and histological observations carried out previously showed that the thymus preserves an intrinsic ability to regenerate. The aim of this work was to study the transcriptional effects of GCs on genes likely involved in regeneration of the epithelial cell network in the cervical and thoracic thymus of beef cattle treated with dexamethasone (DEX) or prednisolone (PRD) in comparison with a control group. Moreover, the ratio of bax/bcl2 genes was examined to verify a possible antiapoptotic activity occurring at the same time. In the cervical thymus, DEX administration increased the gene expression of c-myc (P < 0.01), tcf3 (P < 0.05), tp63 (P < 0.01), and keratin 5 (krt5; P < 0.01). In the thoracic thymus of DEX-treated cattle, the gene expression of tcf3 (P < 0.01), tp63 (P < 0.01), and krt5 (P < 0.05) was increased. These results suggested that thymic regeneration is underway in the DEX-treated animals. However, the bax/bcl2 ratio was decreased in both cervical and thoracic thymus of DEX-treated cattle (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), showing an antiapoptotic effect through the mitochondrial pathway. Conversely, PRD administration caused no change in the expression of all considered genes. These results sustain the hypothesis that regeneration occurs in the thymus parenchyma 6 d after the DEX treatment was discontinued. This hypothesis is also supported by the absence of alterations in the thymus of PRD-treated beef cattle. Indeed, previous studies showed the inability of PRD to induce macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the thymus. Therefore, in this context, it is not surprising that PRD induced no alteration of genes involved in the regeneration pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca T Cannizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) 10095, Italy
| | - Laura Starvaggi Cucuzza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) 10095, Italy.
| | - Sara Divari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) 10095, Italy
| | - Enrica Berio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) 10095, Italy
| | - Frine E Scaglione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) 10095, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Biolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO) 10095, Italy
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Zhang Z, Kong Y, Yang W, Zhang B, Ma F, Liu H, Hua Y. MicroRNA-218 enhances gastric cancer cell cisplatin sensitivity by targeting survivin. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4796-4802. [PMID: 30542435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide. Cisplatin based chemotherapy is the primary strategy implemented for the treatment of G; however, chemoresistance is a major problem. Previous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRs) are associated with chemoresistance in various types of cancer and that miR-218 specifically, serves important roles in the growth of GC cells. The present study assessed the potential biological roles of miR-218 in GC cell cisplatin (DDP) resistance. The results obtained from a polymerase chain reaction assay indicated that the expression of miR-218 was decreased in cisplatin resistant SGC7901/DDP cells compared with SGC7901 cells. Furthermore, MTT results indicated that the upregulation of miR-218 expression significantly enhanced SGC7901/DDP cell sensitivity to DDP. The results of a dual-luciferase assay indicated that survivin was a direct target gene of miR-218. Results also demonstrated that miR-218 was overexpressed in SGC7901/DDP cells and that the downregulation of survivin expression enhanced SGC7901/DDP cell sensitivity to DDP. Further study demonstrated that the upregulation of miR-218 decreased the expression of survivin in SGC7901/DDP cells and induced apoptosis. The findings of the present study indicated that the induction of miR-218 enhanced GC cell DDP resistance via the regulation of survivin, which may potentially benefit the clinical treatment of GC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Ye Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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Ingato D, Edson JA, Zakharian M, Kwon YJ. Cancer Cell-Derived, Drug-Loaded Nanovesicles Induced by Sulfhydryl-Blocking for Effective and Safe Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9568-9577. [PMID: 30130093 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) pose great promise as therapeutic carriers due to their ideal size range and intrinsic biocompatibility. Limited scalability, poor quality control during production, and cumbersome isolation and purification processes have caused major setbacks in the progression of EV therapeutics to the clinic. Here, we overcome these setbacks by preparing cell-derived nanovesicles induced by sulfhydryl-blocking (NIbS), in the desirable size range for therapeutic delivery, that can be further loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), resulting in NIbS/DOX. Applicable to most cell types, this chemical blebbing approach enables efficient, quick, and simple harvest and purification as well as easily scalable production. Cellular uptake and intracellular release of DOX was improved using NIbS/DOX compared to a liposomal formulation. We also confirmed that in tumor-challenged C57BL/6 mice NIbS/DOX significantly slowed tumor growth and led to improved survival compared to treatment with free drug or liposomal drug. NIbS are a promising therapeutic carrier for improving cancer treatment outcomes since they are easy to prepare at a large scale, good candidates for drug loading, and capable of efficient administration of therapeutic agents with avoided nonspecific major distribution in vital organs. In addition, the utility of NIbS can be easily expanded to immunotherapy, gene therapy, and cell therapy when they are derived from applicable cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Ingato
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Julius A Edson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Michael Zakharian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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Rühle A, Huber PE, Saffrich R, Lopez Perez R, Nicolay NH. The current understanding of mesenchymal stem cells as potential attenuators of chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2628-2639. [PMID: 29931767 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents are part of the standard treatment algorithms for many malignancies; however, their application and dosage are limited by their toxic effects to normal tissues. Chemotherapy-induced toxicities can be long-lasting and may be incompletely reversible; therefore, causative therapies for chemotherapy-dependent side effects are needed, especially considering the increasing survival rates of treated cancer patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exhibit regenerative abilities for various forms of tissue damage. Preclinical data suggest that MSCs may also help to alleviate tissue lesions caused by chemotherapeutic agents, mainly by establishing a protective microenvironment for functional cells. Due to the systemic administration of most anticancer agents, the effects of these drugs on the MSCs themselves are of crucial importance to use stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced tissue toxicities. Here, we present a concise review of the published data regarding the influence of various classes of chemotherapeutic agents on the survival, stem cell characteristics and physiological functions of MSCs. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects are outlined, and resulting challenges of MSC-based treatments for chemotherapy-induced tissue injuries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ramon Lopez Perez
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Min S, Jin Y, Hou CY, Kim J, Green JJ, Kang TJ, Cho SW. Bacterial tRNase-Based Gene Therapy with Poly(β-Amino Ester) Nanoparticles for Suppressing Melanoma Tumor Growth and Relapse. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800052. [PMID: 29888531 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, a novel anticancer gene therapy with a bacterial tRNase gene, colicin D or virulence associated protein C (VapC), is suggested using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles, such as poly(β-amino esters) (PBAEs) as carriers. These genes are meticulously selected, aiming at inhibiting translation in the recipients by hydrolyzing specific tRNA species. In terms of nanoparticles, out of 9 PBAE formulations, a leading polymer, (polyethylene oxide)4 -bis-amine end-capped poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate-co-5-amino-1-pentanol) (B4S5E5), is identified that displays higher gene delivery efficacy to cancer cells compared with the leading commercial reagent Lipofectamine 2000. Interestingly, the B4S5E5 PBAE nanoparticles complexed with colicin D or VapC plasmid DNA induce significant toxicity highly specific to cancer cells by triggering apoptosis. In contrast, the PBAE nanoparticles do not induce these cytotoxic effects in noncancerous cells. In a mouse melanoma model of grafted murine B16-F10 cells, it is demonstrated that treatment with PBAE nanoparticles complexed with these tRNase genes significantly reduces tumor growth rate and delays tumor relapse. Moreover, increased stability of PBAE by PEGylation further enhances the therapeutic effect of tRNase gene treatment and improves survival of animals. This study highlights a nonviral gene therapy that is highly promising for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Jin
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Chen Yuan Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Dongguk University-Seoul; Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Translational Tissue Engineering Center; Institute for Nanobiotechnology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Translational Tissue Engineering Center; Institute for Nanobiotechnology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Taek Jin Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Dongguk University-Seoul; Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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35
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Han SW, Kim YY, Kang WJ, Kim HC, Ku SY, Kang BC, Yun JW. The Use of Normal Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells for Potential Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Strategy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:365-380. [PMID: 30603561 PMCID: PMC6171655 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advance in conventional cancer therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy to reduce tumor size, unfortunately cancer mortality and metastatic cancer incidence remain high. Along with a deeper understanding of stem cell biology, cancer stem cell (CSC) is important in targeted cancer therapy. Herein, we review representative patents using not only normal stem cells as therapeutics themselves or delivery vehicles, but also CSCs as targets for anti-cancer strategy. METHODS Relevant patent literatures published between 2005 and 2017 are discussed to present developmental status and experimental results on using normal stem cells and CSCs for cancer therapy and explore potential future directions in this field. RESULTS Stem cells have been considered as important element of regenerative therapy by promoting tissue regeneration. Particularly, there is a growing trend to use stem cells as a target drug-delivery system to reduce undesirable side effects in non-target tissues. Noteworthy, studies on CSC-specific markers for distinguishing CSCs from normal stem cells and mature cancer cells have been conducted as a selective anti-cancer therapy with few side effects. Many researchers have also reported the development of various substances with anticancer effects by targeting CSCs from cancer tissues. CONCLUSION There has been a continuing increase in the number of studies on therapeutic stem cells and CSC-specific markers for selective diagnosis and therapy of cancer. This review focuses on the current status in the use of normal stem cells and CSCs for targeted cancer therapy. Future direction is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Han
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibongro, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ju Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibongro, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-daero, Daehwa-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibongro, Bucheon, 14662 Republic of Korea
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36
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Vo MC, Nguyen-Pham TN, Lee HJ, Jung SH, Choi NR, Hoang MD, Kim HJ, Lee JJ. Chaetocin enhances dendritic cell function via the induction of heat shock protein and cancer testis antigens in myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46047-46056. [PMID: 28512265 PMCID: PMC5542247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC)-based vaccines are considered useful in cancer immuno-therapy, and the interactions of DC and dying tumor cells are important and promising for cancer immunotherapy. We investigated whether chaetocin could be used to induce death of myeloma cells, for loading onto DCs can affect DCs function. In this study, we show that the dying myeloma cells treated with chaetocin resulted in the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, which was inhibited by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, and showed an increase in the expression of MAGE-A3 and MAGE-C1/CT7. DCs loaded with chaetocin-treated dying myeloma cells produced low levels of IL-10 and enhanced the cross presentation of DCs. Additionally, these DCs most potently inhibited regulatory T cells, induced Th1 polarization and activated myeloma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes compared with DCs loaded with UVB-irradiated dying myeloma cells. These results suggest that the pretreatment of myeloma cells with chaetocin can enhance DC function through the up-regulation of HSP90 and cancer testis antigens in dying myeloma cells and can potently induce the Th1 polarization of DCs and myeloma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh-Cuong Vo
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh-Nhan Nguyen-Pham
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Jung
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu-Ri Choi
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - My-Dung Hoang
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
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37
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Thomadaki E, Havredaki M, Tsiapalis CM. PAP Modulations in Daudi Cells and Molt-3 Cells Treated with Etoposide are Mutually Associated with Morphological Evidence of Apoptosis. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 19:203-12. [PMID: 15503822 DOI: 10.1177/172460080401900305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Daudi (B-cell line) and Molt-3 (T-cell line) cells provide a model for the study of apoptosis, the induction of which is often accompanied by concominant modulations of proteins involved in mRNA maturation. One of these proteins is poly(A) polymerase (PAP), which is responsible for mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation. A number of recent reports also suggest involvement of mRNA maturation and stability in the induction of specific pathways of cell apoptosis. In this study we identified PAP activity levels and isoform modulations in two different cell lines (Daudi and Molt-3) and related them to DNA fragmentation (a hallmark of apoptosis) and cell cycle phase specificity in terms of the temporal sequence of events and the time that elapsed between administration of the apoptosis inducer (the widely used anticancer drug etoposide) and the observed effects. Treatment of both cell lines with 20 μg/mL etoposide induced apoptosis after four hours in Molt-3 cells and only after 24 hours in Daudi cells, as revealed by two independent methods. In Daudi cells the PAP activity levels and isoforms were downregulated prior to ΔΨm reduction, DNA fragmentation and the morphological changes of the nucleus, whereas in Molt-3 cells no PAP activity and isoform modulations were observed prior to the early hallmarks of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Thomadaki
- Institute of Biology, NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens--Greece
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38
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Jha M, Shimpi NG. Green synthesis of zero valent colloidal nanosilver targeting A549 lung cancer cell: In vitro cytotoxicity. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:115-124. [PMID: 30647713 PMCID: PMC6296562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An eco-friendly green approach was proposed to synthesise stable, cytotoxic colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Momordica charantia (M. charantia) fruit extract. Bioinspired green method adopted for fabrication of AgNPs because of easy, fast, low-cost and benign bioprocess. Phytocomponents played the crucial role in capping, stabilisation and inherent cytotoxic potential of colloidal nanosilver. The physiochemical, crystalline, optical and morphological properties of AgNPs were characterized using UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX and AFM. FT-IR reveals the presence of carbonyl, methyl, polyphenol (flavonoid), primary and secondary amine (protein), carboxyl group, ester as major functional groups over the surface of nanomaterials. Mechanistic pathway for formation and stabilisation of colloidal nanosilver has been discussed. Average crystalline size of AgNPs was found to be 12.55 nm from XRD. TEM shows AgNPs nanosphere with size range 1-13.85 nm. Consistency in spherical morphology was also confirmed through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). AFM measurement provided image Rq value 3.62, image Ra 2.47, roughness Rmax 36.4 nm, skewness 1.99 and kurtosis 9.87. The SRB assay revealed substantial in vitro noticeable anti-cancer activity of colloidal nanosilver on A549 and HOP-62 human lung cancer cells in a dose dependent manner with IC50 value of 51.93 µg/ml and 76.92 µg/ml. In addition, M. charantia capped AgNPs were found to be more biocompatible in comparison to M. charantia FE. Our study demonstrated the integration of green chemistry principle in nanomaterials fabrication and focused on the potential use of M. charantia fruit extract as an efficient precursor for biocompatible AgNPs anodrug formulation with improved cytotoxic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Jha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Navinchandra G Shimpi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400098, India
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Cis-trimethoxy resveratrol induces intrinsic apoptosis via prometaphase arrest and prolonged CDK1 activation pathway in human Jurkat T cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4969-4984. [PMID: 29435156 PMCID: PMC5797027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cis-trimethoxy resveratrol (cis-3M-RES) induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptotic DNA fragmentation in Jurkat T cell clones (JT/Neo); however, it induced only cytostasis in BCL-2-overexpressing cells (JT/BCL-2). Treatment with 0.25 μM cis-3M-RES induced G2/M arrest, BAK activation, Δψm loss, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in JT/Neo cells time-dependently but did not induce these events, except G2/M arrest, in JT/BCL-2 cells. Moreover, cis-3M-RES induced CDK1 activation, BCL-2 phosphorylation at Ser-70, MCL-1 phosphorylation at Ser-159/Thr-163, and BIM (BIMEL and BIML) phosphorylation irrespective of BCL-2 overexpression. Enforced G1/S arrest by using a G1/S blocker aphidicolin completely inhibited cis-3M-RES-induced apoptotic events. Cis-3M-RES-induced phosphorylation of BCL-2 family proteins and mitochondrial apoptotic events were suppressed by a validated CDK1 inhibitor RO3306. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that cis-3M-RES induced mitotic spindle defects and prometaphase arrest. The rate of intracellular polymeric tubulin to monomeric tubulin decreased markedly by cis-3M-RES (0.1-1.0 μM). Wild-type Jurkat clone A3, FADD-deficient Jurkat clone I2.1, and caspase-8-deficient Jurkat clone I9.2 exhibited similar susceptibilities to the cytotoxicity of cis-3M-RES, excluding contribution of the extrinsic death receptor-dependent pathway to the apoptosis. IC50 values of cis-3M-RES against Jurkat E6.1, U937, HL-60, and HeLa cells were 0.07-0.17 μM, whereas those against unstimulated human peripheral T cells and phytohaemagglutinin A-stimulated peripheral T cells were >10.0 and 0.23 μM, respectively. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of cis-3M-RES is mediated by microtubule damage, and subsequent prometaphase arrest and prolonged CDK1 activation that cause BAK-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis, and suggest that cis-3M-RES is a promising agent to treat leukemia.
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Azizi M, Ghourchian H, Yazdian F, Dashtestani F, AlizadehZeinabad H. Cytotoxic effect of albumin coated copper nanoparticle on human breast cancer cells of MDA-MB 231. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188639. [PMID: 29186208 PMCID: PMC5706725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to design a new nanocomposite that would have high cytotoxicity against invasive breast cancer cells and minimum side effects on normal cells. METHODS An albumin nano-carrier for delivery of CuNPs was developed. The ACuNPs formation was characterized by TEM, DLS and UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The cytotoxic efficacy of the ACuNPs against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) and normal cells (MCF-10A) was compared using a standard MTT assay. The mechanism of cell death induced by ACuNPs was considered by inverted and fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry and gel electrophoresis. The effects of compounds on ROS generations in MDA-MB 231 cells were also studied. RESULTS It was found that the resulted ACuNPs with a diameter of 62.7 nm and zeta potential of about -10.76 mV, are suitable for extravasation into tumor cells. In ACuNPs, the 90% of the secondary structure and almost all the tertiary structure of albumin remained intact. Comparing to CuNPs, ACuNPs could significantly suppress the viability of cancer cells while they were less toxic on normal cells. Compared with the untreated cells, the MDA-MB 231 cell line showed higher levels of ROS production after treatment with ACuNPs. The increase in ROS production after 24 hours indicated that ACuNPs induce apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The ACuNPs characteristics such as intact structure of albumin, high toxicity against cancer cells comparing to normal cells and apoptosis induction as the mechanism of cell death, revealed that this nanocomposite is a good candidate to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent against invasive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Azizi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Ghourchian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Dashtestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Therapeutics targeting Bcl-2 in hematological malignancies. Biochem J 2017; 474:3643-3657. [PMID: 29061914 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene family are attractive targets for cancer therapy as they play a key role in promoting cell survival, a long-since established hallmark of cancer. Clinical utility for selective inhibition of specific anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins has recently been realized with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of venetoclax (formerly ABT-199/GDC-0199) in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with 17p deletion. Despite the impressive monotherapy activity in CLL, such responses have rarely been observed in other B-cell malignancies, and preclinical data suggest that combination therapies will be needed in other indications. Additional selective antagonists of Bcl-2 family members, including Bcl-XL and Mcl-1, are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development and hold the promise of extending clinical utility beyond CLL and overcoming resistance to venetoclax. In addition to direct targeting of Bcl-2 family proteins with BH3 mimetics, combination therapies that aim at down-regulating expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members or restoring expression of pro-apoptotic BH3 family proteins may provide a means to deepen responses to venetoclax and extend the utility to additional indications. Here, we review recent progress in direct and selective targeting of Bcl-2 family proteins for cancer therapy and the search for rationale combinations.
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42
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Azizi M, Ghourchian H, Yazdian F, Bagherifam S, Bekhradnia S, Nyström B. Anti-cancerous effect of albumin coated silver nanoparticles on MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cell line. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5178. [PMID: 28701707 PMCID: PMC5508052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim of making specific targeting of silver nanoparticles as a drug for tumor cells and developing new anticancer agents, a novel nano-composite was developed. Albumin coated silver nanoparticles (ASNPs) were synthesized, and their anti-cancerous effects were evaluated against MDA-MB 231, a human breast cancer cell line. The synthesized ASNPs were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The morphological changes of the cells were observed by inverted, florescent microscopy and also by DNA ladder pattern on gel electrophoresis; the results revealed that the cell death process occurred through the apoptosis mechanism. It was found that ASNPs with a size of 90 nm and negatively charged with a zeta-potential of about −20 mV could be specifically taken up by tumor cells. The LD50 of ASNPs against MDA-MB 231 (5 μM), was found to be 30 times higher than that for white normal blood cells (152 μM). The characteristics of the synthesized ASNPs included; intact structure of coated albumin, higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells than over normal cells, and cell death based on apoptosis and reduction of gland tumor sizes in mice. This work indicates that ASNPs could be a good candidate for chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Azizi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Bagherifam
- Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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El-Sayed ESM, Mansour AM, El-Sawy WS. Alpha lipoic acid prevents doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Waleed S. El-Sawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Assiut Egypt
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44
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Shah PP, Dupre TV, Siskind LJ, Beverly LJ. Common cytotoxic chemotherapeutics induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) downstream of ER stress. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22625-22639. [PMID: 28186986 PMCID: PMC5410250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes is a main organelle involved in a wide variety of functions including calcium storage, lipid biosynthesis, protein folding and protein transport. Disruption of ER homeostasis leads to ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). We and others have previously found that ER stress induces EMT in different cellular systems. Induction of ER stress with chemical modulators of ER homeostasis was sufficient to activate an EMT-like state in all cellular systems tested. Here, we provide evidence for the first time demonstrating that ER stress induces EMT that is neither cancer cell specific nor cell-type specific. In addition, we observed that chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used to treat patients also activate ER stress that is concomitant with activation of an EMT-like state. Interestingly, we find that following removal of ER stress, partial EMT characteristics still persist indicating that ER stress induced EMT is a long-term effect. Induction of mesenchymal characteristics, following chemotherapeutics treatment may be involved in providing cancer stemness and invasiveness in the cellular system. Interestingly, we find that mice treated with cisplatin have elevated level of ER stress and EMT markers in multiple tissues including lung, liver and kidneys. Furthermore, increased ER stress, as demonstrated by increased Bip, Chop, PDI, Ero1α and IRE1, and EMT, as demonstrated by increased Vimentin and Snail, is a hallmark of primary lung adenocarcinoma samples from patients. These observations have potential clinical relevance because overexpression of ER stress and EMT markers might contribute to chemoresistance and poor survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag P. Shah
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Tess V. Dupre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Leah J. Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Levi J. Beverly
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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45
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Vladimirov YA, Sarisozen C, Vladimirov GK, Filipczak N, Polimova AM, Torchilin VP. The Cytotoxic Action of Cytochrome C/Cardiolipin Nanocomplex (Cyt-CL) on Cancer Cells in Culture. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1264-1275. [PMID: 28321609 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of existing anti-cancer therapies is based mainly on the stimulation of apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we have demonstrated the ability of a catalytically-reactive nanoparticle-based complex of cytochrome c with cardiolipin (Cyt-CL) to induce the apoptosis and killing of cancer cells in a monolayer cell culture. METHODS Cyt-CL nanoparticles were prepared by complexing CytC with different molar excesses of CL. Following characterization, cytotoxicity and apoptosis inducing effects of nanoparticles were investigated. In an attempt to identify the anticancer activity mechanism of Cyt-CL, pseudo-lipoxygenase and lipoperoxidase reaction kinetics were measured by chemiluminescence. RESULTS Using chemiluminescence, we have demonstrated that the Cyt-CL complex produces lipoperoxide radicals in two reactions: by decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides, and by lipid peroxidation under the action of H2O2. Antioxidants inhibited the formation of lipid radicals. Cyt-CL nanoparticles, but not the CytC alone, dramatically enhanced the level of apoptosis and cell death in two cell lines: drug-sensitive (A2780) and doxorubicin-resistant (A2780-Adr). The proposed mechanism of the cytotoxic action of Cyt-CL involves either penetration through the cytoplasm and outer mitochondrial membrane and catalysis of lipid peroxidation reactions at the inner mitochondrial membrane, or/and activation of lipid peroxidation within the cytoplasmic membrane. CONCLUSIONS Here we propose a new type of anticancer nano-formulation, with an action based on the catalytic action of Cyt-CL nanoparticles on the cell membrane and and/or mitochondrial membranes that results in lipid peroxidation reactions, which give rise to activation of apoptosis in cancer cells, including multidrug resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Vladimirov
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation. .,Federal Research Center: Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation.
| | - Can Sarisozen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Georgy K Vladimirov
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/1 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation.,Federal Research Center: Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Anastasia M Polimova
- Federal Research Center: Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 59, Moscow, 119333, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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Russier J, León V, Orecchioni M, Hirata E, Virdis P, Fozza C, Sgarrella F, Cuniberti G, Prato M, Vázquez E, Bianco A, Delogu LG. Few-Layer Graphene Kills Selectively Tumor Cells from Myelomonocytic Leukemia Patients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Russier
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS; Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Verónica León
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Marco Orecchioni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Eri Hirata
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS; Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572; 67000 Strasbourg France
- Department of Oral Functional Science; Graduate School of Dental Medicine; Hokkaido University; 060-8586 Sapporo Japan
| | - Patrizia Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Claudio Fozza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Francesco Sgarrella
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science; Dresden University of Technology; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Trieste; 34127 Trieste Italy
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián; Paseo Miramón, 182 20009 San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa) Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque; 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS; Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lucia G. Delogu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; 07100 Sassari Italy
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science; Dresden University of Technology; 01069 Dresden Germany
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Russier J, León V, Orecchioni M, Hirata E, Virdis P, Fozza C, Sgarrella F, Cuniberti G, Prato M, Vázquez E, Bianco A, Delogu LG. Few-Layer Graphene Kills Selectively Tumor Cells from Myelomonocytic Leukemia Patients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3014-3019. [PMID: 28156035 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the cure of cancer, a major cause of today's mortality, chemotherapy is the most common treatment, though serious frequent challenges are encountered by current anticancer drugs. We discovered that few-layer graphene (FLG) dispersions have a specific killer action on monocytes, showing neither toxic nor activation effects on other immune cells. We confirmed the therapeutic application of graphene on an aggressive type of cancer that is myelomonocytic leukemia, where the monocytes are in their malignant form. We demonstrated that graphene has the unique ability to target and boost specifically the necrosis of monocytic cancer cells. Moreover, the comparison between FLG and a common chemotherapeutic drug, etoposide, confirmed the higher specificity and toxicity of FLG. Since current chemotherapy treatments of leukemia still cause serious problems, these findings open the way to new and safer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Russier
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Verónica León
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CienciasyTecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marco Orecchioni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eri Hirata
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8586, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Patrizia Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio Fozza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Sgarrella
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,CIC BiomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón, 182, 20009, San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa), Spain.,Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CienciasyTecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucia G Delogu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.,Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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48
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Johnson TS, McGaha T, Munn DH. Chemo-Immunotherapy: Role of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Defining Immunogenic Versus Tolerogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1036:91-104. [PMID: 29275467 PMCID: PMC6169315 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In certain settings, chemotherapy can trigger an immunogenic form of tumor cell death. More often, however, tumor cell death after chemotherapy is not immunogenic, and may be actively tolerizing. However, even in these settings the dying tumor cells may be much more immunogenic than previously recognized, if key suppressive immune checkpoints such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) can be blocked. This is an important question, because a robust immune response to dying tumor cells could potentially augment the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy, or enhance the strength and duration of response to other immunologic therapies. Recent findings using preclinical models of self-tolerance and autoimmunity suggest that IDO and related downstream pathways may play a fundamental role in the decision between tolerance versus immune activation in response to dying cells. Thus, in the period of tumor cell death following chemotherapy or immunotherapy, the presence of IDO may help dictate the choice between dominant immunosuppression versus inflammation, antigen cross-presentation, and epitope spreading. The IDO pathway thus differs from other checkpoint-blockade strategies, in that it affects early immune responses, at the level of inflammation, activation of antigen-presenting cells, and initial cross-presentation of tumor antigens. This "up-stream" position may make IDO a potent target for therapeutic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S. Johnson
- Georgia Regents University (GRU), Medical College of Georgia Department of Pediatrics; GRU Cancer Center, Cancer immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance (CIT) Program; GRU Cancer Center, Pediatric Immunotherapy Program, , Phone: (706)-721-8735
| | - Tracy McGaha
- Georgia Regents University (GRU), Medical College of Georgia Department of Medicine; GRU Cancer Center, Cancer immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance (CIT) Program
| | - David H. Munn
- Georgia Regents University (GRU), Medical College of Georgia Department of Pediatrics; GRU Cancer Center, Cancer immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance (CIT) Program; GRU Cancer Center, Pediatric Immunotherapy Program, , Phone: (706)-721-7141
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Han HY, Lee HE, Kim HJ, Jeong SH, Kim JH, Kim H, Ryu MH. Kochia scoparia induces apoptosis of oral cancer cells in vitro and in heterotopic tumors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:431-441. [PMID: 27616033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kochia scoparia grows commonly in China, Japan, and Korea and its mature fruit has been used throughout the area in traditional medicine to treat diseases including skin problems and inflammatory and allergic disease. More importantly, Kochia scoparia has been prescribed to treat the malignant tumor of head and neck region and breast mass. Although it has been proposed as an anti-cancer agent for several cancers, its exact in vivo anti-cancer properties and the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects are poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-cancer activity of the methanol extract of K. scoparia, mature fruit (MEKS) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore its mode of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction by MEKS, MTT assays, cell analysis, ANNEXIN V and PI double staining, and Hoechst 33342 staining were performed. The activation of caspases and the MAP kinase p38 was evaluated using Western blot analysis. The anti-cancer properties of MEKS in vivo were elucidated in a heterotopic OSCC animal model. RESULTS After OSCC cells were treated with MEKS, the numbers of sub-G1 accumulated cells and apoptotic bodies increased, indicating that MEKS inhibited OSCC cell proliferation selectively through induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis of MEKS-treated OSCC cells was induced in a dose-dependent manner by caspase-3 and -9 activation. In addition, pretreatment with p38 inhibitor SB203580 in combination with MEKS significantly prevented MEKS-induced apoptosis in OSCC cells and also decreased cleaved capase 3, 9, and cleaved PARP activity in western blotting. MEKS treatment significantly increased the apoptosis of OSCC and inhibited tumour growth in our animal model. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicated that MEKS induced apoptosis of OSCC cells through caspase activation involving the p38 MAPK pathway. MEKS could be a promising anti-cancer candidate for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Haeng-Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 Plus Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, BK21 Plus project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, BK21 Plus project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea.
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50
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Zhang Z, Kong Y, Yang W, Ma F, Zhang Y, Ji S, Ma EM, Liu H, Chen Y, Hua Y. Upregulation of microRNA-34a enhances the DDP sensitivity of gastric cancer cells by modulating proliferation and apoptosis via targeting MET. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2391-7. [PMID: 27513895 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) based chemotherapy is still the main strategy of human gastric cancer (GC) treatment. However, drug resistance is a major obstacle for DDP chemotherapy. Recent studies indicated that the resistance could be modulated by the regulation of dysregulated microRNAs (miRs). Previous study also found miR-34a was associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in human GC; however, the relationship between miR-34a and DDP resistance still remains unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether miR-34a is associated with DDP resistance in human GC cells. Our study found that the expression of miR-34a was significantly decreased in DDP resistance human GC tissues and DDP resistance human GC SGC7901/DDP cells compared with normal GC tissues and cells. Upregulation of miR-34a enhanced the DDP sensitivity of SGC7901/DDP cells to DDP through the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell apoptosis; on the other hand downregulation of miR-34a could weaken the DDP sensitivity of SGC7901 cells to DDP. Further study found that MET was a direct target of miR-34a and the regulation of MET could affect the DDP sensitivity of SGC7901/DDP cells. Moreover, our study also indicated that up-regulation of miR-34a could decrease the expression of MET in SGC7901/DDP cells. Therefore, our findings suggested miR-34a could modulate human gastric cancer cell DDP sensitivity by regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis via targeting MET, potentially benefiting human GC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Ye Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Sheqing Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Er-Min Ma
- Surgical Oncology, The People Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yongshun Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
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