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Parisi X, Bledsoe JR. Discerning clinicopathological features of congenital neutropenia syndromes: an approach to diagnostically challenging differential diagnoses. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:586-604. [PMID: 38589208 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The congenital neutropenia syndromes are rare haematological conditions defined by impaired myeloid precursor differentiation or function. Patients are prone to severe infections with high mortality rates in early life. While some patients benefit from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment, they may still face an increased risk of bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukaemia. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for improved outcomes; however, diagnosis depends on familiarity with a heterogeneous group of rare disorders that remain incompletely characterised. The clinical and pathological overlap between reactive conditions, primary and congenital neutropenias, bone marrow failure, and myelodysplastic syndromes further clouds diagnostic clarity.We review the diagnostically useful clinicopathological and morphological features of reactive causes of neutropenia and the most common primary neutropenia disorders: constitutional/benign ethnic neutropenia, chronic idiopathic neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia, severe congenital neutropenia (due to mutations in ELANE, GFI1, HAX1, G6PC3, VPS45, JAGN1, CSF3R, SRP54, CLPB and WAS), GATA2 deficiency, Warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, infections and myelokathexis syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome, the lysosomal storage disorders with neutropenia: Chediak-Higashi, Hermansky-Pudlak, and Griscelli syndromes, Cohen, and Barth syndromes. We also detail characteristic cytogenetic and molecular factors at diagnosis and in progression to myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Parisi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob R Bledsoe
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Lee H, Ozbulak U, Park H, Depuydt S, De Neve W, Vankerschaver J. Assessing the reliability of point mutation as data augmentation for deep learning with genomic data. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:170. [PMID: 38689247 PMCID: PMC11059627 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep neural networks (DNNs) have the potential to revolutionize our understanding and treatment of genetic diseases. An inherent limitation of deep neural networks, however, is their high demand for data during training. To overcome this challenge, other fields, such as computer vision, use various data augmentation techniques to artificially increase the available training data for DNNs. Unfortunately, most data augmentation techniques used in other domains do not transfer well to genomic data. RESULTS Most genomic data possesses peculiar properties and data augmentations may significantly alter the intrinsic properties of the data. In this work, we propose a novel data augmentation technique for genomic data inspired by biology: point mutations. By employing point mutations as substitutes for codons, we demonstrate that our newly proposed data augmentation technique enhances the performance of DNNs across various genomic tasks that involve coding regions, such as translation initiation and splice site detection. CONCLUSION Silent and missense mutations are found to positively influence effectiveness, while nonsense mutations and random mutations in non-coding regions generally lead to degradation. Overall, point mutation-based augmentations in genomic datasets present valuable opportunities for improving the accuracy and reliability of predictive models for DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Utku Ozbulak
- Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Homin Park
- Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
- IDLab, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Erasmus Brussels University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wesley De Neve
- Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
- IDLab, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Vankerschaver
- Center for Biosystems and Biotech Data Science, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea.
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Sollberger G, Brenes AJ, Warner J, Arthur JSC, Howden AJM. Quantitative proteomics reveals tissue-specific, infection-induced and species-specific neutrophil protein signatures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5966. [PMID: 38472281 PMCID: PMC10933280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are one of the first responders to infection and are a key component of the innate immune system through their ability to phagocytose and kill invading pathogens, secrete antimicrobial molecules and produce extracellular traps. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow, circulate within the blood and upon immune challenge migrate to the site of infection. We wanted to understand whether this transition shapes the mouse neutrophil protein landscape, how the mouse neutrophil proteome is impacted by systemic infection and perform a comparative analysis of human and mouse neutrophils. Using quantitative mass spectrometry we reveal tissue-specific, infection-induced and species-specific neutrophil protein signatures. We show a high degree of proteomic conservation between mouse bone marrow, blood and peritoneal neutrophils, but also identify key differences in the molecules that these cells express for sensing and responding to their environment. Systemic infection triggers a change in the bone marrow neutrophil population with considerable impact on the core machinery for protein synthesis and DNA replication along with environmental sensors. We also reveal profound differences in mouse and human blood neutrophils, particularly their granule contents. Our proteomics data provides a valuable resource for understanding neutrophil function and phenotypes across species and model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sollberger
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Alejandro J Brenes
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jordan Warner
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew J M Howden
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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4
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Katsumura KR, Liu P, Kim JA, Mehta C, Bresnick EH. Pathogenic GATA2 genetic variants utilize an obligate enhancer mechanism to distort a multilineage differentiation program. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317147121. [PMID: 38422019 PMCID: PMC10927522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317147121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding transcription factors inactivate or generate ectopic activities to instigate pathogenesis. By disrupting hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, GATA2 germline variants create a bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition, GATA2 deficiency syndrome, yet mechanisms underlying the complex phenotypic constellation are unresolved. We used a GATA2-deficient progenitor rescue system to analyze how genetic variation influences GATA2 functions. Pathogenic variants impaired, without abrogating, GATA2-dependent transcriptional regulation. Variants promoted eosinophil and repressed monocytic differentiation without regulating mast cell and erythroid differentiation. While GATA2 and T354M required the DNA-binding C-terminal zinc finger, T354M disproportionately required the N-terminal finger and N terminus. GATA2 and T354M activated a CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein-ε (C/EBPε) enhancer, creating a feedforward loop operating with the T-cell Acute Lymphocyte Leukemia-1 (TAL1) transcription factor. Elevating C/EBPε partially normalized hematopoietic defects of GATA2-deficient progenitors. Thus, pathogenic germline variation discriminatively spares or compromises transcription factor attributes, and retaining an obligate enhancer mechanism distorts a multilineage differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi R. Katsumura
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
- Cancer Informatics Shared Resource, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Jeong-ah Kim
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Charu Mehta
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI53705
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5
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Mertz P, Hentgen V, Boursier G, Delon J, Georgin-Lavialle S. [Monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases associated with actinopathies: A review of the literature]. Rev Med Interne 2023; 44:585-593. [PMID: 37596178 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Auto-inflammatory diseases (AIDs) are diseases resulting from an inappropriate activation of innate immunity in the absence of any infection. The field of monogenic AIDs is constantly expanding, with the discovery of new pathologies and pathophysiological mechanisms thanks to pangenomic sequencing. Actinopathies with auto-inflammatory manifestations are a new emerging group of AIDs, linked to defects in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton dynamics. These diseases most often begin in the neonatal period and combine to varying degrees a more or less severe primary immune deficiency, cytopenias (especially thrombocytopenia), auto-inflammatory manifestations (especially cutaneous and digestive), atopic and auto-immune manifestations. The diagnosis is to be evoked essentially in front of a cutaneous-digestive auto-inflammation picture of early onset, associated with a primary immune deficiency and thrombocytopenia or a tendency to bleed. Some of these diseases have specificities, including a risk of macrophagic activation syndrome or a tendency to atopy or lymphoproliferation. We propose here a review of the literature on these new diseases, with a proposal for a practical approach according to the main associated biological abnormalities and some clinical particularities. However, the diagnosis remains genetic, and several differential diagnoses must be considered. The pathophysiology of these diseases is not yet fully elucidated, and studies are needed to better clarify the inherent mechanisms that can guide the choice of therapies. In most cases, the severity of the picture indicates allogeneic marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mertz
- Service de rhumatologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, centre national de référence RESO, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - V Hentgen
- Service de pédiatrie, centre hospitalier de Versailles, centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et de l'amylose (CEREMAIA), 78150 Le Chesnay, France
| | - G Boursier
- Service de génétique moléculaire et cytogénomique, laboratoire de référence des maladies rares et auto-inflammatoires, CEREMAIA, IRMB, Inserm, CHU de Montpellier, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J Delon
- Université Paris Cité, institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - S Georgin-Lavialle
- Service de médecine interne, DHU32D, département hospitalo-universitaire Inflammation, immunopathologie, biothérapie, hôpital Tenon, université Paris, Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; CHU de Tenon, centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires rares et de l'amylose inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), 75020 Paris, France.
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6
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The link between rheumatic disorders and inborn errors of immunity. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104501. [PMID: 36870198 PMCID: PMC9996386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are immunological disorders characterized by variable susceptibility to infections, immune dysregulation and/or malignancies, as a consequence of damaging germline variants in single genes. Though initially identified among patients with unusual, severe or recurrent infections, non-infectious manifestations and especially immune dysregulation in the form of autoimmunity or autoinflammation can be the first or dominant phenotypic aspect of IEIs. An increasing number of IEIs causing autoimmunity or autoinflammation, including rheumatic disease have been reported over the last decade. Despite their rarity, identification of those disorders provided insight into the pathomechanisms of immune dysregulation, which may be relevant for understanding the pathogenesis of systemic rheumatic disorders. In this review, we present novel IEIs primarily causing autoimmunity or autoinflammation along with their pathogenic mechanisms. In addition, we explore the likely pathophysiological and clinical relevance of IEIs in systemic rheumatic disorders.
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7
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Ibrahim A, Sharathkumar A, McLaughlin H, Claassen D, Bhagavathi S. Congenital Neutropenia with Specific Granulocyte Deficiency Caused by Novel Double Heterozygous SMARCD2 Mutations. Hematol Rep 2022; 14:270-275. [PMID: 36135322 PMCID: PMC9498992 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep14030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) is critical for myelopoiesis. Recently, bi-allelic SMARCD2 mutations have been reported in five children, causing autosomal recessive congenital neutropenia with specific granulocytes deficiency (CN-SGD); a syndrome resulting in G-CSF resistant neutropenia, recurrent infections, and dysplastic myelopoiesis. We report a new case with CN-SGD caused by two novel heterozygous pathogenic variants in the SMARCD2 gene (c.1081del (p.Gln361Argfs*15)), and (c.217C>T (p.Arg73*)). Treatment with the weekly dosing of thrombopoietin receptor agonist, Romiplostim, along with daily G-CSF transformed her clinical course, implying potential synergism. This report advances the understanding of CN-SGD caused by SMARCD2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abukhiran Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Anjali Sharathkumar
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +1-319356-7659
| | | | - David Claassen
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sharathkumar Bhagavathi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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9
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A Novel CEBPE Variant Causes Severe Infections and Profound Neutropenia. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1434-1450. [PMID: 35726044 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare inborn error of immunity resulting from loss-of-function variants in CEBPE gene (encoding for transcription factor C/EBPε). Although this genetic etiology has been known for over two decades, only a few patients with CEBPE variant-proven SGD (type I) have been reported. Herein, we describe two siblings with a novel homozygous CEBPE deletion who were noted to have profound neutropenia on initial evaluation. We aimed to evaluate the immunohematological consequences of this novel variant, including profound neutropenia. METHODS Light scatter characteristics of granulocytes were examined on various automated hematology analyzers. Phagocyte immunophenotype, reactive oxygen species generation, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling were assessed using flow cytometry. Relative expression of genes encoding various granule proteins was studied using RT-PCR. Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore variant C/EBPε expression and function. RESULTS Severe infections occurred in both siblings. Analysis of granulocyte light scatter plots revealed automated hematology analyzers can provide anomalously low neutrophil counts due to abnormal neutrophil morphology. Neutrophils displayed absence/marked reduction of CD15/CD16 expression and overexpression (in a subset) of CD14/CD64. Three distinct populations of phagocytes with different oxidase activities were observed. Impaired shedding of CD62-ligand was noted on stimulation with TLR-4, TLR-2/6, and TLR-7/8 agonists. We demonstrated the variant C/EBPε to be functionally deficient. CONCLUSION Homozygous c.655_665del variant in CEBPE causes SGD. Anomalous automated neutrophil counts may be reported in patients with SGD type I. Aberrant TLR signaling might be an additional pathogenetic mechanism underlying immunodeficiency in SGD type I.
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10
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Overbeeke C, Tak T, Koenderman L. The journey of neutropoiesis: how complex landscapes in bone marrow guide continuous neutrophil lineage determination. Blood 2022; 139:2285-2293. [PMID: 34986245 PMCID: PMC11022826 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell, and they differentiate in homeostasis in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) via multiple intermediate progenitor cells into mature cells that enter the circulation. Recent findings support a continuous model of differentiation in the bone marrow of heterogeneous HSCs and progenitor populations. Cell fate decisions at the levels of proliferation and differentiation are enforced through expression of lineage-determining transcription factors and their interactions, which are influenced by intrinsic (intracellular) and extrinsic (extracellular) mechanisms. Neutrophil homeostasis is subjected to positive-feedback loops, stemming from the gut microbiome, as well as negative-feedback loops resulting from the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by mature macrophages. Finally, the cellular kinetics regarding the replenishing of the mature neutrophil pool is discussed in light of recent contradictory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Overbeeke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Tak
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein ε 27 Antagonism of GATA-1 Transcriptional Activity in the Eosinophil Is Mediated by a Unique N-Terminal Repression Domain, Is Independent of Sumoylation and Does Not Require DNA Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312689. [PMID: 34884493 PMCID: PMC8657826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBPε) is required for eosinophil differentiation, lineage-specific gene transcription, and expression of C/EBPε32 and shorter 27kD and 14kD isoforms is developmentally regulated during this process. We previously defined the 27kD isoform (C/EBPε27) as an antagonist of GATA-1 transactivation of the eosinophil's major basic protein-1 (MBP1) P2-promoter, showing C/EBPε27 and GATA-1 physically interact. In the current study, we used a Tat-C/EBPε27 fusion protein for cell/nuclear transduction of an eosinophil myelocyte cell line to demonstrate that C/EBPε27 is a potent repressor of MBP1 transcription. We performed structure-function analyses of C/EBPε27 mapping its repressor domains, comparing it to C/EBPε32 and C/EBPε14, using GATA-1 co-transactivation of the MBP1-P2 promoter. Results show C/EBPε27 repression of GATA-1 is mediated by its unique 68aa N-terminus combined with previously identified RDI domain. This repressor activity does not require, but is enhanced by, DNA binding via the basic region of C/EBPε27 but independent of sumoylation of the RDI core "VKEEP" sumoylation site. These findings identify the N-terminus of C/EBPε27 as the minimum repressor domain required for antagonism of GATA-1 in the eosinophil. C/EBPε27 repression of GATA-1 occurs via a combination of both C/EBPε27-GATA-1 protein-protein interaction and C/EBPε27 binding to a C/EBP site in the MBP1 promoter. The C/EBPε27 isoform may serve to titrate and/or turn off eosinophil granule protein genes like MBP1 during eosinophil differentiation, as these genes are ultimately silenced in the mature cell. Understanding the functionality of C/EBPε27 in eosinophil development may prove promising in developing therapeutics that reduce eosinophil proliferation in allergic diseases.
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12
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Schim van der Loeff I, Sprenkeler EGG, Tool ATJ, Abinun M, Grainger A, Engelhardt KR, van Houdt M, Janssen H, Kuijpers TW, Hambleton S. Defective neutrophil development and specific granule deficiency caused by a homozygous splice-site mutation in SMARCD2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2381-2385.e2. [PMID: 33279574 PMCID: PMC8168953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) has recently been shown to have a critical role in granulopoiesis in humans, mice, and zebrafish. Our patient presented with delayed cord separation, failure to thrive, and sepsis. Retrospective whole-exome sequencing confirmed a homozygous splice-site mutation in SMARCD2. OBJECTIVE We sought to provide the second description of human SMARCD2 deficiency and the first functional analysis of human primary SMARCD2-deficient cells. METHODS Heparinized venous blood and bone marrow were collected from the patient after obtaining informed consent. Patient leukocytes and CD34+ cells were then isolated, phenotyped, and assessed functionally. RESULTS Circulating neutrophils appeared phenotypically immature, lacking multilobed nuclei, and neutrophil granules lacked lactoferrin but showed normal levels of myeloperoxidase. Neutrophil oxidative burst was preserved in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Patient bone marrow-derived neutrophils and white blood cells showed a severely impaired chemotactic response. Furthermore, white blood cells showed defective in vitro killing of Staphylococcus aureus, consistent with a specific granule deficiency. Finally, patient bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells showed markedly impaired in vitro expansion and differentiation toward the neutrophil lineage. Before her molecular diagnosis, our patient underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is well 8 years later. CONCLUSIONS This report highlights an important role for SMARCD2 in human myelopoiesis and the curative effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the hematopoietic features of SMARCD2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schim van der Loeff
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton T J Tool
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Abinun
- Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Grainger
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karin R Engelhardt
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Janssen
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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13
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Kang EM. Disease Presentation, Treatment Options, and Outcomes for Myeloid Immunodeficiencies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33666780 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Up-to-date review on various types of immunodeficiencies with a significant myeloid component including some more recently described congenital disorders. RECENT FINDINGS While a number of disorders have been described in the past, genetic sequencing has led to the identification of the specific disorders and clarified their pathophysiology. Advances in genetic therapies including genetic editing should provide future treatments beyond hematopoietic stem cell transplant for patients with these rare disorders. Neutrophils (or granulocytes) are a major contributor to infection surveillance and clearance, and defective neutrophils characteristically lead to pyogenic infections. Deficiency in numbers, either iatrogenic or congenital; functional defects; and/or inability to target to the sites of infection can all lead to serious morbidity and mortality; however, myeloid-based immunodeficiencies are not all the same. Having absent neutrophils, that is, neutropenia, has implications different to those of having dysfunctional neutrophils as will become evident as the various disorders are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kang
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 6-3752, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lineage commitment is governed by instructive and stochastic signals, which drive both active induction of the lineage program and repression of alternative fates. Eosinophil lineage commitment is driven by the ordered interaction of transcription factors, supported by cytokine signals. This review summarizes key findings in the study of eosinophil lineage commitment and examines new data investigating the factors that regulate this process. RECENT FINDINGS Recent and past studies highlight how intrinsic and extrinsic signals modulate transcription factor network and lineage decisions. Early action of the transcription factors C/EBPα and GATA binding protein-1 along with C/EBPε supports lineage commitment and eosinophil differentiation. This process is regulated and enforced by the pseudokinase Trib1, a regulator of C/EBPα levels. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-33 also support early eosinophil development. However, current studies suggest that these cytokines are not specifically required for lineage commitment. SUMMARY Together, recent evidence suggests a model where early transcription factor activity drives expression of key eosinophil genes and cytokine receptors to prime lineage commitment. Understanding the factors and signals that control eosinophil lineage commitment may guide therapeutic development for eosinophil-mediated diseases and provide examples for fate choices in other lineages.
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15
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Papa R, Penco F, Volpi S, Gattorno M. Actin Remodeling Defects Leading to Autoinflammation and Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021. [PMID: 33488606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604206)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of monogenic immune-mediated diseases have been related to genes involved in pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Increasing evidences associate cytoskeleton defects to autoinflammatory diseases and primary immunodeficiencies. We reviewed the pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in order to identify inflammatory and immunological manifestations associated to pathological variants. We list more than twenty monogenic diseases, ranging from pure autoinflammatory conditions as familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency and PAPA syndrome, to classic and novel primary immunodeficiencies as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and DOCK8 deficiency, characterized by the presence of concomitant inflammatory and autoimmune manifestations, such as vasculitis and cytopenia, to severe and recurrent infections. We classify these disorders according to the role of the mutant gene in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and in particular as disorders of transcription, elongation, branching and activation of actin. This expanding field of rare immune disorders offers a new perspective to all immunologists to better understand the physiological and pathological role of actin cytoskeleton in cells of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Papa
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Penco
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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16
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Papa R, Penco F, Volpi S, Gattorno M. Actin Remodeling Defects Leading to Autoinflammation and Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604206. [PMID: 33488606 PMCID: PMC7817698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of monogenic immune-mediated diseases have been related to genes involved in pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Increasing evidences associate cytoskeleton defects to autoinflammatory diseases and primary immunodeficiencies. We reviewed the pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in order to identify inflammatory and immunological manifestations associated to pathological variants. We list more than twenty monogenic diseases, ranging from pure autoinflammatory conditions as familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency and PAPA syndrome, to classic and novel primary immunodeficiencies as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and DOCK8 deficiency, characterized by the presence of concomitant inflammatory and autoimmune manifestations, such as vasculitis and cytopenia, to severe and recurrent infections. We classify these disorders according to the role of the mutant gene in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and in particular as disorders of transcription, elongation, branching and activation of actin. This expanding field of rare immune disorders offers a new perspective to all immunologists to better understand the physiological and pathological role of actin cytoskeleton in cells of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Papa
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Penco
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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17
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Novel Frameshift Autosomal Recessive Loss-of-Function Mutation in SMARCD2 Encoding a Chromatin Remodeling Factor Mediates Granulopoiesis. J Clin Immunol 2020; 41:59-65. [PMID: 33025377 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, a new form of congenital neutropenia that is caused by germline biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the SMARCD2 gene was described in four patients. Given the rarity of the condition, the clinical spectrum of the disease has remained elusive. We here report a new patient with a novel frameshift mutation and compare our patient with the previously reported SMARCD2-mutant patients, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the natural course of the disease. METHODS Clinical and laboratory findings of all reported patients were reviewed. Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the causative genetic defect. Data on the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation including stem cell sources, conditioning regimen, engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and infections were also collected. RESULTS An 11-year-old female patient had a variety of infections including sepsis, deep tissue abscesses, otitis, pneumonia, gingivitis, and diarrhea since infancy. A novel homozygous mutation in SMARCD2 (c.93delG, p.Ala32Argfs*80) was detected. Bone marrow examination showed hypocellularity and decreased neutrophils with diminished granules and myeloid dysplasia, but no blast excess as in previously reported patients. The neutropenia was non-responsive even to higher doses of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF); therefore, the patient was transplanted at 10 years of age from a HLA-A allele-mismatched unrelated donor using a reduced toxicity conditioning regimen and recovered successfully. Compared with the previous four cases, our patient showed longer survival before transplantation without blastic transformation. CONCLUSION Distinctive myeloid features and long-term follow-up including therapy options are presented for the newly described case of SMARCD2 deficiency. This disorder is apparent at infancy and requires early transplantation due to the unrelenting disease course despite conventional therapy.
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18
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Mammalian SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complexes: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Trends Genet 2020; 36:936-950. [PMID: 32873422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule-based targeting of chromatin regulatory factors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in recent years. The development and ongoing clinical evaluation of novel agents targeting a range of chromatin regulatory processes, including DNA or histone modifiers, histone readers, and chromatin regulatory protein complexes, has inspired the field to identify and act upon the full compendium of therapeutic opportunities. Emerging studies highlight the frequent involvement of altered mammalian Switch/Sucrose-Nonfermentable (mSWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complexes (also called BAF complexes) in both human cancer and neurological disorders, suggesting new mechanisms and accompanying routes toward therapeutic intervention. Here, we review current approaches for direct targeting of mSWI/SNF complex structure and function and discuss settings in which aberrant mSWI/SNF biology is implicated in oncology and other diseases.
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19
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Leszcynska M, Patel B, Morrow M, Chamizo W, Tuite G, Berman DM, Potthast K, Hsu AP, Holland SM, Leiding JW. Brain Abscess as Severe Presentation of Specific Granule Deficiency. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:117. [PMID: 32391290 PMCID: PMC7188777 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe invasive infections such as brain abscess in a child should prompt an immune evaluation. Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare morphologic neutrophil granular defect characterized by reduced granules within neutrophils, absence of granule proteins, and bilobed nuclei. Patients are susceptible to invasive bacterial infections and Candida infections. Mutations in CCAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBP-ε) are the most commonly described cause of SGD. The dihydrorhodamine assay is a quantitative and qualitative functional test that determines the oxidative burst and killing potential of neutrophils. Herein, we describe two brothers with specific granule deficiency. The index patient had a history of cellulitis twice in the first year of life and then presented at 13 months age with fever, leukocytosis, and right sided weakness. A large space occupying brain abscess was diagnosed. He underwent surgical drainage and cultures yielded Staphylococcus aureus. This infection prompted his diagnosis. His older brother had also been healthy but too had had several episodes of cellulitis. His brother too was diagnosed with SGD when family genetic screening was performed. Evaluation of the index patient included a peripheral smear that showed absent neutrophil granule presence. Forward and side scatter of whole blood via flow cytometry revealed a loss of granularity of neutrophils. A DHR was performed to rule out functional killing defects. After stimulation with PMA, neutrophils from the index patient displayed three distinct patterns, two with abnormal oxidase production, and two with reduced function. Both patients were ultimately diagnosed with SGD and remain on lifelong anti-bacterial prophylaxis. Diagnosis of SGD relies on establishing reduced or absent granularity within neutrophils. Lifelong anti-bacterial and anti-fungal prophylaxis is indicated. Hematopoietic cell transplantation has also been curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leszcynska
- Pediatric Residency Training Program, Johns Hopkins-All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Bhumika Patel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Matthew Morrow
- Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Wil Chamizo
- Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Gerald Tuite
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - David M Berman
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Kevin Potthast
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer W Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
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20
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Göös H, Fogarty CL, Sahu B, Plagnol V, Rajamäki K, Nurmi K, Liu X, Einarsdottir E, Jouppila A, Pettersson T, Vihinen H, Krjutskov K, Saavalainen P, Järvinen A, Muurinen M, Greco D, Scala G, Curtis J, Nordström D, Flaumenhaft R, Vaarala O, Kovanen PE, Keskitalo S, Ranki A, Kere J, Lehto M, Notarangelo LD, Nejentsev S, Eklund KK, Varjosalo M, Taipale J, Seppänen MRJ. Gain-of-function CEBPE mutation causes noncanonical autoinflammatory inflammasomopathy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1364-1376. [PMID: 31201888 PMCID: PMC11057357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCAAT enhancer-binding protein epsilon (C/EBPε) is a transcription factor involved in late myeloid lineage differentiation and cellular function. The only previously known disorder linked to C/EBPε is autosomal recessive neutrophil-specific granule deficiency leading to severely impaired neutrophil function and early mortality. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize the effects of C/EBPε transcription factor Arg219His mutation identified in a Finnish family with previously genetically uncharacterized autoinflammatory and immunodeficiency syndrome. METHODS Genetic analysis, proteomics, genome-wide transcriptional profiling by means of RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, and assessment of the inflammasome function of primary macrophages were performed. RESULTS Studies revealed a novel mechanism of genome-wide gain-of-function that dysregulated transcription of 464 genes. Mechanisms involved dysregulated noncanonical inflammasome activation caused by decreased association with transcriptional repressors, leading to increased chromatin occupancy and considerable changes in transcriptional activity, including increased expression of NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) and constitutively expressed caspase-5 in macrophages. CONCLUSION We describe a novel autoinflammatory disease with defective neutrophil function caused by a homozygous Arg219His mutation in the transcription factor C/EBPε. Mutated C/EBPε acts as a regulator of both the inflammasome and interferome, and the Arg219His mutation causes the first human monogenic neomorphic and noncanonical inflammasomopathy/immunodeficiency. The mechanism, including widely dysregulated transcription, is likely not unique for C/EBPε. Similar multiomics approaches should also be used in studying other transcription factor-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helka Göös
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher L Fogarty
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes & Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Biswajyoti Sahu
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- University College London Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristiina Rajamäki
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Nurmi
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Jouppila
- Helsinki University Hospital Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Pettersson
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaarel Krjutskov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Helsinki University Hospital Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asko Järvinen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Muurinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences & Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences & Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - James Curtis
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Nordström
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicine, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Panu E Kovanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereal Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes & Obesity Research Program, Research Program's Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sergey Nejentsev
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Rheumatology, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Orton Orthopaedic Hospital and Research Institute, Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko R J Seppänen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Rare Diseases Center and Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abdel-Azim H, Sun W, Wu L. Strategies to generate functionally normal neutrophils to reduce infection and infection-related mortality in cancer chemotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107403. [PMID: 31470030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils form an essential part of innate immunity against infection. Cancer chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CCIN) is a condition in which the number of neutrophils in a patient's bloodstream is decreased, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) has been the only approved treatment for CCIN over two decades. To date, CCIN-related infection and mortality remain a significant concern, as neutrophils generated in response to administered GCSF are functionally immature and cannot effectively fight infection. This review summarizes the molecular regulatory mechanisms of neutrophil granulocytic differentiation and innate immunity development, dissects the biology of GCSF in myeloid expansion, highlights the shortcomings of GCSF in CCIN treatment, updates the recent advance of a selective retinoid agonist that promotes neutrophil granulocytic differentiation, and evaluates the benefits of developing GCSF biosimilars to increase access to GCSF biologics versus seeking a new mode to fundamentally advance GCSF therapy for treatment of CCIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Weili Sun
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lingtao Wu
- Research and Development, Therapeutic Approaches, 2712 San Gabriel Boulevard, Rosemead, CA 91770, USA.
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22
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Muraoka M, Akagi T, Ueda A, Wada T, Koeffler HP, Yokota T, Yachie A. C/EBPε ΔRS derived from a neutrophil-specific granule deficiency patient interacts with HDAC1 and its dysfunction is restored by trichostatin A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:293-299. [PMID: 31256937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBPε), a myeloid-specific transcription factor, plays an important role in granulopoiesis. A loss-of-function mutation in this protein can result in an abnormal development of neutrophils and eosinophils, known as neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD). The transcriptional activity of C/EBPε is regulated by interactions with other transcription factors and/or post-translational modification, including acetylation. Previously, we reported a novel SGD patient who had a homozygous mutation for two amino acids, arginine (R247) and serine (S248), which were deleted in the basic leucine zipper domain of C/EBPε (ΔRS) and exhibited loss of transcriptional activity with aberrant protein-protein interactions. In the present study, we found that a single amino acid deletion of either R247 (ΔR) or S248 (ΔS) was sufficient for the loss of C/EBPε transcriptional activity, while an amino acid substitution at S248 to alanine in C/EBPε (SA) had comparable transcriptional activity with the wild-type C/EBPε (WT). Although acetylation at lysine residues (K121 and K198) is indispensable for C/EBPε transcriptional activity, an acetylation mimic form of ΔRS (ΔRS-K121/198Q) did not exhibit the transcriptional activity. Interestingly, we discovered that ΔRS, ΔR, ΔS, and ΔRS-K121/198Q interacted with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), whereas WT and SA did not. Furthermore, the proteoglycan 2/eosinophil major basic protein induction activity of ΔRS, ΔR, and ΔS could be restored by the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), and protein-protein interactions between ΔRS and Gata1 could also be recovered by TSA treatment. Taken together, our results show that TSA has the potential to restore the transcriptional activity of ΔRS, indicating that the inhibition of HDAC1 could be a molecularly targeted treatment for SGD with ΔRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Akagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ueda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
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23
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Rungelrath V, Kobayashi SD, DeLeo FR. Neutrophils in innate immunity and systems biology-level approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 12:e1458. [PMID: 31218817 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs or neutrophils) are the most abundant leukocyte in humans and essential to the innate immune response against invading pathogens. Compared to the acquired immune response, which requires time to develop and is dependent on previous interaction with specific microbes, the ability of neutrophils to kill microorganisms is immediate, nonspecific, and not dependent on previous exposure to microorganisms. Historically, studies of PMN-pathogen interaction focused on the events leading to killing of microorganisms, such as recruitment/chemotaxis, transmigration, phagocytosis, and activation, whereas postphagocytosis sequelae were infrequently considered. In addition, it was widely accepted that human neutrophils possessed limited capacity for new gene transcription and thus, relatively little biosynthetic capacity. This notion has changed dramatically within the past 20 years. Further, there is now more effort directed to understand the events occurring in PMNs after killing of microbes. Herein, we give an updated review of the systems biology-level approaches that have been used to gain an enhanced view of the role of neutrophils during host-pathogen interaction and neutrophil-mediated diseases. We anticipate that these and future systems-level studies will continue to provide information important for understanding, treatment, and control of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Organismal Responses to Environment Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Rungelrath
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
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24
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Li K, Du Y, Wei DQ, Zhang F. CEBPE expression is an independent prognostic factor for acute myeloid leukemia. J Transl Med 2019; 17:188. [PMID: 31164135 PMCID: PMC6549322 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying reliable predictive markers is important to make therapeutic decisions, and determine the prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, approximately 50% patients could not be accurately predicted by existing risk factors. It is necessary to identify novel prognostic factors to subdivide the intermediate-risk group or patients without any cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. Methods Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were used for survival analyses in three independent AML datasets. Analyses integrating both bioinformatics and ChIP-qPCR experiments were performed to explore the role of CEBPE in regulating the expression of known prognostic factors. Results CEBPE expression was an independent predictor for both overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of AML patients. Moreover, low-expression of CEBPE was found to be associated with high relapse rate. We also proved that differential expression of CEBPE stratified the wild-type patients of multiple genes into good and poor outcomes. In addition, the results showed that no obvious improvement was achieved by allogeneic transplantation in CEBPE high-expressed group, while the survival rate (both OS and EFS) was significantly increased in transplanted patients that with low expression of CEBPE. Finally, we found that CEBPE might regulate the expression of known prognostic factors by localizing on their promoters. Conclusion Our findings indicated that CEBPE expression was an independent prognostic factor for AML survival, relapse and allogeneic transplantation, which will provide useful information for outcome prediction and therapeutic decisions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1944-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kening Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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25
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Identification of a novel enhancer of CEBPE essential for granulocytic differentiation. Blood 2019; 133:2507-2517. [PMID: 30952671 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018886077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ε (CEBPE) is an essential transcription factor for granulocytic differentiation. Mutations of CEBPE occur in individuals with neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD), which is characterized by defects in neutrophil maturation. Cebpe-knockout mice also exhibit defects in terminal differentiation of granulocytes, a phenotype reminiscent of SGD. Analysis of DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing data revealed an open chromatin region 6 kb downstream of the transcriptional start site of Cebpe in murine myeloid cells. We identified an interaction between this +6-kb region and the core promoter of Cebpe using circular chromosome conformation capture sequencing (4C-seq). To understand the role of this putative enhancer in transcriptional regulation of Cebpe, we targeted it using catalytically inactive Cas9 fused to Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain and observed a significant downregulation of transcript and protein levels of CEBPE in cells expressing guide RNA targeting the +6-kb region. To further investigate the role of this novel enhancer further in myelopoiesis, we generated mice with deletion of this region using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Germline deletion of the +6-kb enhancer resulted in reduced levels of CEBPE and its target genes and caused a severe block in granulocytic differentiation. We also identified binding of CEBPA and CEBPE to the +6-kb enhancer, which suggests their role in regulating the expression of Cebpe In summary, we have identified a novel enhancer crucial for regulating expression of Cebpe and required for normal granulocytic differentiation.
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26
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Bakhtiar S, Shadur B, Stepensky P. The Evidence for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Congenital Neutrophil Disorders: A Comprehensive Review by the Inborn Errors Working Party Group of the EBMT. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:436. [PMID: 31709206 PMCID: PMC6821686 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of the immune system affecting maturation and/or function of phagocytic leucocytes can result in severe infectious and inflammatory complications with high mortality and morbidity. Further complications include progression to MDS/AML in some cases. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only curative treatment for most patients with these diseases. In this review, we provide a detailed update on indications and outcomes of alloHSCT for congenital neutrophil disorders, based on data from the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Bakhtiar
- Division for Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bella Shadur
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Graduate Research School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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27
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Grassi L, Pourfarzad F, Ullrich S, Merkel A, Were F, Carrillo-de-Santa-Pau E, Yi G, Hiemstra IH, Tool ATJ, Mul E, Perner J, Janssen-Megens E, Berentsen K, Kerstens H, Habibi E, Gut M, Yaspo ML, Linser M, Lowy E, Datta A, Clarke L, Flicek P, Vingron M, Roos D, van den Berg TK, Heath S, Rico D, Frontini M, Kostadima M, Gut I, Valencia A, Ouwehand WH, Stunnenberg HG, Martens JHA, Kuijpers TW. Dynamics of Transcription Regulation in Human Bone Marrow Myeloid Differentiation to Mature Blood Neutrophils. Cell Rep 2018; 24:2784-2794. [PMID: 30184510 PMCID: PMC6326331 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are short-lived blood cells that play a critical role in host defense against infections. To better comprehend neutrophil functions and their regulation, we provide a complete epigenetic overview, assessing important functional features of their differentiation stages from bone marrow-residing progenitors to mature circulating cells. Integration of chromatin modifications, methylation, and transcriptome dynamics reveals an enforced regulation of differentiation, for cellular functions such as release of proteases, respiratory burst, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. We observe an early establishment of the cytotoxic capability, while the signaling components that activate these antimicrobial mechanisms are transcribed at later stages, outside the bone marrow, thus preventing toxic effects in the bone marrow niche. Altogether, these data reveal how the developmental dynamics of the chromatin landscape orchestrate the daily production of a large number of neutrophils required for innate host defense and provide a comprehensive overview of differentiating human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grassi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Farzin Pourfarzad
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Ullrich
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelika Merkel
- National Center for Genomic Analysis (CNAG), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Were
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center - CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Carrillo-de-Santa-Pau
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center - CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ida H Hiemstra
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton T J Tool
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Mul
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juliane Perner
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Janssen-Megens
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Berentsen
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hinri Kerstens
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Habibi
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Gut
- National Center for Genomic Analysis (CNAG), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Matthias Linser
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernesto Lowy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Avik Datta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Martin Vingron
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Roos
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Heath
- National Center for Genomic Analysis (CNAG), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Rico
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center - CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Myrto Kostadima
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Ivo Gut
- National Center for Genomic Analysis (CNAG), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center - CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; Spanish Bioinformatics Institute INB-ISCIII ES-ELIXIR, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Human Genetics, the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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28
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Genetic predisposition to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 14q11.2 is mediated by a CEBPE promoter polymorphism. Leukemia 2018; 33:1-14. [PMID: 29977016 PMCID: PMC6327050 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common paediatric malignancy. Genome-wide association studies have shown variation at 14q11.2 influences ALL risk. We sought to decipher causal variant(s) at 14q11.2 and the mechanism of tumorigenesis. We show rs2239630 G>A resides in the promoter of the CCAT enhancer-binding protein epsilon (CEBPE) gene. The rs2239630-A risk allele is associated with increased promotor activity and CEBPE expression. Depletion of CEBPE in ALL cells reduces cell growth, correspondingly CEBPE binds to the promoters of electron transport and energy generation genes. RNA-seq in CEBPE depleted cells demonstrates CEBPE regulates the expression of genes involved in B-cell development (IL7R), apoptosis (BCL2), and methotrexate resistance (RASS4L). CEBPE regulated genes significantly overlapped in CEBPE depleted cells, ALL blasts and IGH-CEBPE translocated ALL. This suggests CEBPE regulates a similar set of genes in each, consistent with a common biological mechanism of leukemogenesis for rs2239630 associated and CEBPE translocated ALL. Finally, we map IGH-CEBPE translocation breakpoints in two cases, implicating RAG recombinase activity in their formation.
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29
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Shyamsunder P, Sankar H, Mayakonda A, Han L, Nordin HBM, Woon TW, Shanmugasundaram M, Dakle P, Madan V, Koeffler HP. CARD10, a CEBPE target involved in granulocytic differentiation. Haematologica 2018; 103:1269-1277. [PMID: 29773596 PMCID: PMC6068032 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.190280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturation of granulocytes is dependent on controlled gene expression by myeloid lineage restricted transcription factors. CEBPE is one of the essential transcription factors required for granulocytic differentiation. Identification of downstream targets of CEBPE is vital to understand better its role in terminal granulopoiesis. In this study, we have identified Card10 as a novel target of CEBPE. We show that CEBPE binds to regulatory elements upstream of the murine Card10 locus, and expression of CARD10 is significantly reduced in Cebpe knock-out mice. Silencing Card10 in a human cell line and in murine primary cells impaired granulopoiesis, affecting expression of genes involved in myeloid cell development and function. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that Card10 is expressed in granulocytes and is a direct target of CEBPE with functions extending to myeloid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Shyamsunder
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haresh Sankar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Han
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Teoh Weoi Woon
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Pushkar Dakle
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vikas Madan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore
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30
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Serwas NK, Huemer J, Dieckmann R, Mejstrikova E, Garncarz W, Litzman J, Hoeger B, Zapletal O, Janda A, Bennett KL, Kain R, Kerjaschky D, Boztug K. CEBPE-Mutant Specific Granule Deficiency Correlates With Aberrant Granule Organization and Substantial Proteome Alterations in Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2018; 9:588. [PMID: 29651288 PMCID: PMC5884887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal neutrophils evidenced by reduced granules, absence of granule proteins, and atypical bilobed nuclei. Mutations in CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-ε (CEBPE) are one molecular etiology of the disease. Although C/EBPε has been studied extensively, the impact of CEBPE mutations on neutrophil biology remains elusive. Here, we identified two SGD patients bearing a previously described heterozygous mutation (p.Val218Ala) in CEBPE. We took this rare opportunity to characterize SGD neutrophils in terms of granule distribution and protein content. Granules of patient neutrophils were clustered and polarized, suggesting that not only absence of specific granules but also defects affecting other granules contribute to the phenotype. Our analysis showed that remaining granules displayed mixed protein content and lacked several glycoepitopes. To further elucidate the impact of mutant CEBPE, we performed detailed proteomic analysis of SGD neutrophils. Beside an absence of several granule proteins in patient cells, we observed increased expression of members of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex (nesprin-2, vimentin, and lamin-B2), which control nuclear shape. This suggests that absence of these proteins in healthy individuals might be responsible for segmented shapes of neutrophilic nuclei. We further show that the heterozygous mutation p.Val218Ala in CEBPE causes SGD through prevention of nuclear localization of the protein product. In conclusion, we uncover that absence of nuclear C/EBPε impacts on spatiotemporal expression and subsequent distribution of several granule proteins and further on expression of proteins controlling nuclear shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Serwas
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Huemer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Régis Dieckmann
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ester Mejstrikova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wojciech Garncarz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiri Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Birgit Hoeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ondrej Zapletal
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ales Janda
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschky
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Kinderspital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Abstract
Human eosinophils have characteristic morphologic features, including a bilobed nucleus and cytoplasmic granules filled with cytotoxic and immunoregulatory proteins that are packaged in a specific manner. Eosinophil production in the bone marrow is exquisitely regulated by timely expression of a repertoire of transcription factors that work together via collaborative and hierarchical interactions to direct eosinophil development. In addition, proper granule formation, which occurs in a spatially organized manner, is an intrinsic checkpoint that must be passed for proper eosinophil production to occur. In eosinophil-associated disorders, eosinophils and their progenitors can be recruited in large numbers into tissues where they can induce proinflammatory organ damage in response to local signals. Eosinophils are terminally differentiated and do not proliferate once they leave the bone marrow. The cytokine IL-5 specifically enhances eosinophil production and, along with other mediators, promotes eosinophil activation. Indeed, eosinophil depletion with anti-IL-5 or anti-IL-5Rα is now proven to be clinically beneficial for several eosinophilic disorders, most notably severe asthma, and several therapeutics targeting eosinophil viability and production are now in development. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of eosinophil development and the consequences of tissue eosinophilia. Future research efforts focused on basic eosinophil immunobiology and translational efforts to assist in the diagnosis, treatment selection, and resolution of eosinophil-associated disorders will likely be informative and clinically helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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32
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Gonzalez D, Luyten A, Bartholdy B, Zhou Q, Kardosova M, Ebralidze A, Swanson KD, Radomska HS, Zhang P, Kobayashi SS, Welner RS, Levantini E, Steidl U, Chong G, Collombet S, Choi MH, Friedman AD, Scott LM, Alberich-Jorda M, Tenen DG. ZNF143 protein is an important regulator of the myeloid transcription factor C/EBPα. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18924-18936. [PMID: 28900037 PMCID: PMC5704476 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPα is essential for myeloid differentiation and is frequently dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia. Although studied extensively, the precise regulation of its gene by upstream factors has remained largely elusive. Here, we investigated its transcriptional activation during myeloid differentiation. We identified an evolutionarily conserved octameric sequence, CCCAGCAG, ∼100 bases upstream of the CEBPA transcription start site, and demonstrated through mutational analysis that this sequence is crucial for C/EBPα expression. This sequence is present in the genes encoding C/EBPα in humans, rodents, chickens, and frogs and is also present in the promoters of other C/EBP family members. We identified that ZNF143, the human homolog of the Xenopus transcriptional activator STAF, specifically binds to this 8-bp sequence to activate C/EBPα expression in myeloid cells through a mechanism that is distinct from that observed in liver cells and adipocytes. Altogether, our data suggest that ZNF143 plays an important role in the expression of C/EBPα in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gonzalez
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Annouck Luyten
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Boris Bartholdy
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Qiling Zhou
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Miroslava Kardosova
- the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
- the Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Alex Ebralidze
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kenneth D Swanson
- the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Hanna S Radomska
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and
| | - Pu Zhang
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Robert S Welner
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- the Hematology/Oncology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Elena Levantini
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- the Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- the Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461
| | - Gilbert Chong
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Samuel Collombet
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Min Hee Choi
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | | | - Linda M Scott
- the The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic,
- the Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- From the Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore,
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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33
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Fulkerson PC. Transcription Factors in Eosinophil Development and As Therapeutic Targets. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:115. [PMID: 28791289 PMCID: PMC5522844 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic gene expression is a major regulatory mechanism that directs hematopoietic cell fate and differentiation, including eosinophil lineage commitment and eosinophil differentiation. Though GATA-1 is well established as a critical transcription factor (TF) for eosinophil development, delineating the transcriptional networks that regulate eosinophil development at homeostasis and in inflammatory states is not complete. Yet, recent advances in molecular experimental tools using purified eosinophil developmental stages have led to identifying new regulators of gene expression during eosinophil development. Herein, recent studies that have provided new insight into the mechanisms of gene regulation during eosinophil lineage commitment and eosinophil differentiation are reviewed. A model is described wherein distinct classes of TFs work together via collaborative and hierarchical interactions to direct eosinophil development. In addition, the therapeutic potential for targeting TFs to regulate eosinophil production is discussed. Understanding how specific signals direct distinct patterns of gene expression required for the specialized functions of eosinophils will likely lead to new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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34
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Jain D, Hodonsky CJ, Schick UM, Morrison JV, Minnerath S, Brown L, Schurmann C, Liu Y, Auer PL, Laurie CA, Taylor KD, Browning BL, Papanicolaou G, Browning SR, Loos RJF, North KE, Thyagarajan B, Laurie CC, Thornton TA, Sofer T, Reiner AP. Genome-wide association of white blood cell counts in Hispanic/Latino Americans: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1193-1204. [PMID: 28158719 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating white blood cell (WBC) counts (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils) differ by ethnicity. The genetic factors underlying basal WBC traits in Hispanics/Latinos are unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study of total WBC and differential counts in a large, ethnically diverse US population sample of Hispanics/Latinos ascertained by the Hispanic Community Health Study and Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). We demonstrate that several previously known WBC-associated genetic loci (e.g. the African Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines null variant for neutrophil count) are generalizable to WBC traits in Hispanics/Latinos. We identified and replicated common and rare germ-line variants at FLT3 (a gene often somatically mutated in leukemia) associated with monocyte count. The common FLT3 variant rs76428106 has a large allele frequency differential between African and non-African populations. We also identified several novel genetic loci involving or regulating hematopoietic transcription factors (CEBPE-SLC7A7, CEBPA and CRBN-TRNT1) associated with basophil count. The minor allele of the CEBPE variant associated with lower basophil count has been previously associated with Amerindian ancestry and higher risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Hispanics. Together, these data suggest that germline genetic variation affecting transcriptional and signaling pathways that underlie WBC development and lineage specification can contribute to inter-individual as well as ethnic differences in peripheral blood cell counts (normal hematopoiesis) in addition to susceptibility to leukemia (malignant hematopoiesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Ursula M Schick
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jean V Morrison
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sharon Minnerath
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lisa Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Department of Biostatistics, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Cecelia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Brian L Browning
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - George Papanicolaou
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Sharon R Browning
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Timothy A Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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35
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LPS independent activation of the pro-inflammatory receptor Trem1 by C/EBPε in granulocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46440. [PMID: 28440307 PMCID: PMC5404328 DOI: 10.1038/srep46440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
C/EBPε is a critical transcriptional factor for granulocyte differentiation and function. Individuals with germline mutations of C/EBPε fail to develop normal granulocytes and suffer from repeated infections. In order to gain a global view of the transcriptional machinery regulated by C/EBPε, we performed whole-genome ChIP-Seq using mouse bone marrow cells. To complement the C/EBPε DNA binding analyses, RNA-Sequencing was done in parallel using sorted mature and immature granulocytes from WT and C/EBPε KO bone marrow. This approach led to the identification of several direct targets of C/EBPε, which are potential effectors of its role in granulocytic differentiation and function. Interestingly, Trem1, a gene critical to granulocyte function, was identified as a direct C/EBPε target gene. Trem1 expression overlaps very closely with expression signature of C/EBPε during hematopoietic development. Luciferase reporter and EMSA assays revealed that C/EBPε binds to the regulatory elements of Trem1 and regulates its expression during granulocytic differentiation. In addition, we provide evidence that inflammatory stimuli (LPS) can also control the expression of Trem1 independent of C/EBPε. Overall, this study provides comprehensive profiling of the transcriptional network controlled by C/EBPε during granulopoiesis and identifies Trem1 as one of its downstream effectors involved in eliciting an immune response.
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36
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Priam P, Krasteva V, Rousseau P, D'Angelo G, Gaboury L, Sauvageau G, Lessard JA. SMARCD2 subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes mediates granulopoiesis through a CEBPɛ dependent mechanism. Nat Genet 2017; 49:753-764. [PMID: 28369034 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that individual subunits of chromatin-remodeling complexes produce biologically specific meaning in different cell types through combinatorial assembly. Here we show that granulocyte development requires SMARCD2, a subunit of ATP-dependent SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin-remodeling complexes. Smarcd2-deficient mice fail to generate functionally mature neutrophils and eosinophils, a phenotype reminiscent of neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD) in humans, for which loss-of-function mutations in CEBPE (encoding CEBPɛ) have been reported. SMARCD2-containing SWI/SNF complexes are necessary for CEBPɛ transcription factor recruitment to the promoter of neutrophilic secondary granule genes and for granulocyte differentiation. The homologous SMARCD1 protein (63% identical at the amino acid level) cannot replace the role of SMARCD2 in granulocyte development. We find that SMARCD2 functional specificity is conferred by its divergent coiled-coil 1 and SWIB domains. Strikingly, both CEBPE and SMARCD2 loss-of-function mutations identified in patients with SGD abolish the interaction with SWI/SNF and thereby secondary granule gene expression, thus providing a molecular basis for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Priam
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Veneta Krasteva
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Rousseau
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Gaboury
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Leukemia Cell Bank of Quebec, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie A Lessard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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37
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c-Myb acts in parallel and cooperatively with Cebp1 to regulate neutrophil maturation in zebrafish. Blood 2016; 128:415-26. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-686147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
c-Myb is essential for neutrophil terminal differentiation by targeting granule gene expression. c-Myb and Cebp1 act cooperatively to regulate neutrophil maturation in zebrafish.
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38
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Epigenetic regulation of neutrophil development and function. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:83-93. [PMID: 27084194 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In addition to performing well-defined effector functions, neutrophils are now recognized as versatile and sophisticated cells with critical immunoregulatory roles. These include the release of a variety of proinflammatory or immunosuppressive cytokines, as well as the expression of genes with regulatory functions. Neutrophils share broad transcriptional features with monocytes, in keeping with the close developmental relation between the two cell types. However, neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns conferring cell type-specific responses to bacterial, viral or fungal components have been identified. Accumulating evidence suggest that these differences reflect the peculiar epigenomic and regulatory landscapes of neutrophils and monocytes, in turn controlled by the specific lineage-determining transcription factors shaping their identity. In this review, we will describe current knowledge on how neutrophil identity and function are controlled at the molecular level, focusing on transcriptional and chromatin regulation of neutrophil development and activation in response to inflammatory stimuli.
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39
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Zhang XX, Du YF, Zhai YJ, Gao F, Yang YJ, Ma XC, Lu J, Zheng J. A common genetic variation in CEBPE and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis of the available evidence. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2443-51. [PMID: 26388693 PMCID: PMC4571986 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s89661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been studied intensively for decades, but the details of its etiology and underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. It is now generally acknowledged that genetic factors contribute greatly to the development of this disease. The gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (CEBPE) is involved in the development of leukemia, and in particular the rs2239633 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CEBPE. The association between rs2239633 and risk of ALL has been well studied, but remains unclear. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed in this study to establish a more precise estimation of that relationship. A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed electronic database was conducted, and relevant studies published up to February 20, 2015 were selected for analysis. The references of the retrieved articles were also screened. The extracted data were analyzed statistically, and pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Review Manager (version 5.2) to estimate the association strength. Finally, eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analyses revealed that rs2239633 was associated with an increased risk of childhood ALL in Caucasians under any contrast models (P<0.01). However, this SNP did not affect the risk of ALL in adulthood among Caucasians, or in childhood among East Asians. In conclusion, these findings confirm that the CEBPE rs2239633 SNP could be considered a good marker of pediatric ALL risk in Caucasians, but not in East Asians; it is not a good marker of adult ALL risk in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Feng Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Juan Yang
- The Third Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Cang Ma
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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40
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Ye Y, Carlsson G, Karlsson-Sjöberg JMT, Borregaard N, Modéer TU, Andersson ML, Pütsep KLA. The antimicrobial propeptide hCAP-18 plasma levels in neutropenia of various aetiologies: a prospective study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11685. [PMID: 26119962 PMCID: PMC4484407 DOI: 10.1038/srep11685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying cause of neutropenia may be difficult to determine due to similar clinical presentation in many neutropenic conditions. The neutrophil protein hCAP-18 (pro-LL-37) is a major component of neutrophil secondary granules and in this prospective study we assessed the use of hCAP-18 levels in blood plasma for differential diagnosis of neutropenic patients (n = 133) of various aetiologies. Plasma levels of hCAP-18 were determined using immunoblot and ELISA. Patients with severe congenital neutropenia (n = 23) presented with the lowest levels of plasma hCAP-18 and differential diagnostic accuracy revealed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (98.8%) for hCAP-18 ELISA. The correlation coefficient of the hCAP-18 ELISA versus immunoblotting was (R = 0.831) and that of the peptide LL-37 ELISA versus immunoblotting was (R = 0.405) (P < 0.001). Plasma hCAP-18 levels thus displayed high diagnostic value in differential diagnosis of chronic neutropenia. Neutropenic patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Barth syndrome, Cohen syndrome, acute myeloid leukaemia and specific granule deficiency presented with reduced plasma hCAP-18 levels as well. The blood plasma level of hCAP-18 was thus low in conditions in which the neutrophil antibacterial propeptide hCAP-18 is deficient, i.e. severe congenital neutropenia and neutrophil-specific granule deficiency, and in conditions in which bone marrow myelopoiesis is negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Göran Carlsson
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niels Borregaard
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Haematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas U. Modéer
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mats L. Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin L-A. Pütsep
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Wada T, Akagi T, Muraoka M, Toma T, Kaji K, Agematsu K, Koeffler HP, Yokota T, Yachie A. A Novel In-Frame Deletion in the Leucine Zipper Domain of C/EBPε Leads to Neutrophil-Specific Granule Deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:80-6. [PMID: 26019275 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by neutrophil dysfunction, bilobed neutrophil nuclei and lack of neutrophil-specific granules. Defects in a myeloid-specific transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-ε (C/EBPε), have been identified in two cases in which homozygous frameshift mutations led to loss of the leucine zipper domain. In this study, we report a 55-y-old woman affected with SGD caused by a novel homozygous 2-aa deletion (ΔRS) in the leucine zipper domain of the C/EBPε gene. The patient showed characteristic neutrophil abnormalities and recurrent skin infections; however, there was no history of deep organ infections. Biochemical analysis revealed that, in contrast to the two frameshift mutations, the ΔRS mutant maintained normal cellular localization, DNA-binding activity, and dimerization, and all three mutants exhibited marked reduction in transcriptional activity. The ΔRS mutant was defective in its association with Gata1 and PU.1, as well as aberrant cooperative transcriptional activation of eosinophil major basic protein. Thus, the ΔRS likely impairs protein-protein interaction with other transcription factors, resulting in a loss of transcriptional activation. These results further support the importance of the leucine zipper domain of C/EBPε for its essential function, and indicate that multiple molecular mechanisms lead to SGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan;
| | - Tadayuki Akagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toma
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kenzo Kaji
- Department of Dermatology, Komatsu Municipal Hospital, Komatsu 923-0961, Japan
| | - Kazunaga Agematsu
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yachie
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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42
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Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant human immune cells, are rapidly recruited to sites of infection, where they fulfill their life-saving antimicrobial functions. While traditionally regarded as short-lived phagocytes, recent findings on long-term survival, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, heterogeneity and plasticity, suppressive functions, and tissue injury have expanded our understanding of their diverse role in infection and inflammation. This review summarises our current understanding of neutrophils in host-pathogen interactions and disease involvement, illustrating the versatility and plasticity of the neutrophil, moving between host defence, immune modulation, and tissue damage.
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43
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Abstract
C/EBPε, a member of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors, is exclusively expressed in myeloid cells and regulates transition from the promyelocytic stage to the myelocytic stage of neutrophil development, being indispensable for secondary and tertiary granule formation. Knowledge concerning the functional role of C/EBPε posttranslational modifications is limited to studies concerning phosphorylation and sumoylation. In the current study, using ectopic expression and ex vivo differentiation of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells, we demonstrate that C/EBPε is acetylated, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis, identifying 4 acetylated lysines in 3 distinct functional domains. Regulation of C/EBPε acetylation levels by the p300 acetyltransferase and the sirtuin 1 deacetylase controls transcriptional activity, which can at least in part be explained by modulation of DNA binding. During neutrophil development, acetylation of lysines 121 and 198 were found to be crucial for terminal neutrophil differentiation and the expression of neutrophil-specific granule proteins, including lactoferrin and collagenase. Taken together, our data illustrate a critical role for acetylation in the functional regulation of C/EBPε activity during terminal neutrophil development.
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44
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Dhawan P, Wei R, Sun C, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP, Diamond G, Christakos S. C/EBPα and the Vitamin D Receptor Cooperate in the Regulation of Cathelicidin in Lung Epithelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:464-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Oregon State University Corvallis; Oregon
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; UCLA School of Medicine; Los Angeles California
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology; University of Florida; College of Dentistry; Gainsville Florida
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
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45
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CEBPE polymorphism confers an increased risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis of 11 case-control studies with 5,639 cases and 10,036 controls. Ann Hematol 2014; 94:181-5. [PMID: 25195121 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The association between CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-ε (CEBPE) rs2239633 polymorphism and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk has been reported, but results of previous studies remain controversial and ambiguous. To assess the association between CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism and childhood ALL risk, a meta-analysis was performed. Based on comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), we identified outcome data from all articles estimating the association between CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism and childhood ALL risk. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A significant association between CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism with childhood ALL was found (OR = 1.19, 95 % CI 1.11-1.28, P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity also suggested a significant association between this polymorphism and childhood ALL in the Caucasian subgroup (OR = 1.19, 95 % CI 1.09-1.30, P < 0.01) and Hispanic subgroup (OR = 1.39, 95 % CI 1.18-1.63, P < 0.01). No significant association was observed in the Asian subgroup (OR = 1.05, 95 % CI 0.90-1.22, P = 0.53). The CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism increased B cell ALL risk (OR = 1.29, 95 % CI 1.15-1.44, P < 0.01) and B hyperdiploid ALL risk (OR = 1.84, 95 % CI 1.40-2.43, P < 0.01). This meta-analysis demonstrated that the CEBPE rs2239633 polymorphism was significantly associated with childhood ALL risk.
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46
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Shigemura T, Yamazaki T, Shiohara M, Kobayashi N, Naganuma K, Koike K, Agematsu K. Clinical course in a patient with neutrophil-specific granule deficiency and rapid detection of neutrophil granules as a screening test. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34:780-3. [PMID: 25081842 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare, congenital disorder characterized by atypical neutrophil structure and function that results in frequent and severe bacterial infections. However, the clinical course of patients with SGD have not been described in detail because of the scarcity of the disease. We present the clinical course of an adult patient with SGD and propose a method for making an early diagnosis of SGD. PATIENT AND METHODS A32-year-old Japanese woman with SGD had a small impetigo lesion on her face and experienced the rapid spread of a facial abscess to a pulmonary abscess via the blood stream. We also analyzed the expression of neutrophil granule proteins in our patient compared with a healthy control by flow cytometry. RESULTS We confirmed defects of several neutrophil granule proteins in our patient by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION Severe bacterial infections sometimes occur and spread rapidly in SGD. Detection of neutrophil granules by flow cytometry is useful for a rapid diagnosis and a screening of SGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Shigemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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Human α-defensin expression is not dependent on CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-ε in a murine model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92471. [PMID: 24658030 PMCID: PMC3962403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by recurrent infections. The disease is caused by inactivating mutations of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-ε (C/EBP-ε) gene. As a consequence, specific and gelatinase granules lack most matrix proteins. Furthermore, azurophil granules contain diminished amounts of their most abundant proteins, α-defensins, also known as human neutrophil peptides (HNPs). In accordance with this, in vitro models have demonstrated induction of HNPs by C/EBP-ε. Since mice do not express myeloid defensins, they cannot per se be used to characterize the role of C/EBP-ε in controlling HNP expression in vivo. We therefore crossed a transgenic HNP-1-expressing mouse with the Cebpe-/- mouse to study the in vivo significance of C/EBP-ε for HNP-1 transcription and expression. Surprisingly, neither expression nor processing of HNP-1 was affected by lack of C/EBP-ε in these mice. Transduction of C/EBP-ε into primary bone marrow cells from HNP-1 mice induced some HNP-1 expression, but not to levels comparable to expression human cells. Taken together, our data infer that the HNP-1 of the transgenic mouse does not show an expression pattern equivalent to endogenous secondary granule proteins. This limits the use of these transgenic mice as a model for human conditions.
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Wang Y, Chen J, Li J, Deng J, Rui Y, Lu Q, Wang M, Tong N, Zhang Z, Fang Y. Association of three polymorphisms in ARID5B, IKZF1 and CEBPE with the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Chinese population. Gene 2013; 524:203-7. [PMID: 23608171 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that focus on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common malignancy in children younger than 15 years old, have found evidence that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IKZF1 (7p12.2), ARID5B (10q21.2) and CEBPE (14q11.2) are strongly related to the risk of childhood ALL. These polymorphisms may lead to abnormal expression and dysfunction of the corresponding transcription factors and are likely to increase the risk of ALL. To validate the relationship between these SNPs and the risk of childhood ALL in Chinese population, we conducted a case-control study of 570 ALL cases and 673 controls. We determined that the SNP rs10821936 in ARID5B was statistically significantly associated with the risk of childhood ALL (P<0.0001). The results were also significant for the subgroup analysis of high-risk, medium-risk and low-risk ALL as well as B-lineage ALL. Statistically significant differences were not found in the SNPs for IKZF1 and CEBPE. In conclusion, ARID5B rs10821936 could serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of childhood ALL in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Clancy N, Onwuneme C, Carroll A, McCarthy R, McKenna MJ, Murphy N, Molloy EJ. Vitamin D and neonatal immune function. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 26:639-46. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.746304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kyme P, Thoennissen NH, Tseng CW, Thoennissen GB, Wolf AJ, Shimada K, Krug UO, Lee K, Müller-Tidow C, Berdel WE, Hardy WD, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP, Liu GY. C/EBPε mediates nicotinamide-enhanced clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3316-29. [PMID: 22922257 DOI: 10.1172/jci62070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid-specific transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) is a critical mediator of myelopoiesis. Mutation of this gene is responsible for neutrophil-specific granule deficiency in humans, a condition that confers susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection. We found that C/EBPε-deficient mice are severely affected by infection with S. aureus, and C/EBPε deficiency in neutrophils contributes to the infectious phenotype. Conversely, exposure to the epigenetic modulator nicotinamide (vitamin B3) increased expression of C/EBPε in WT myeloid cells. Further, nicotinamide increased the activity of C/EBPε and select downstream antimicrobial targets, particularly in neutrophils. In a systemic murine infection model as well as in murine and human peripheral blood, nicotinamide enhanced killing of S. aureus by up to 1,000 fold but had no effect when administered to either C/EBPε-deficient mice or mice depleted of neutrophils. Nicotinamide was efficacious in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Our findings suggest that C/EBPε is an important target to boost killing of bacteria by the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Kyme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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