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Zandwijk NV, Frank AL, Reid G, Dimitri Røe O, Amos CI. Asbestos-Related lung Cancer: An underappreciated oncological issue. Lung Cancer 2024; 194:107861. [PMID: 39003938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Asbestos, a group of class I (WHO) carcinogenic fibers, is the main cause of mesothelioma. Asbestos inhalation also increases the risk to develop other solid tumours with lung cancer as the most prominent example [91]. The incidence of asbestos-related lung cancer (ARLC) is estimated to be to six times larger than the mesothelioma incidence thereby becoming an important health issue [86]. Although the pivotal role of asbestos in inducing lung cancer is well established, the precise causal relationships between exposures to asbestos, tobacco smoke, radon and 'particulate' (PM2.5) air pollution remain obscure and new knowledge is needed to establish appropriate preventive measures and to tailor existing screening practices[22,61,65]. We hypothesize that a part of the increasing numbers of lung cancer diagnoses in never-smokers can be explained by (historic and current) exposures to asbestos as well as combinations of different forms of air pollution (PM2.5, asbestos and silica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico van Zandwijk
- Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Department of Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal, Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Arthur L Frank
- School of Public Health of Drexel, University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Glen Reid
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical, School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Bernal K, Kose O, Leclerc L, Vergnon JM, Pourchez J, Forest V. Development of a protocol of isolation of nanoparticles from patients' broncho-alveolar lavages for their in vitro toxicity assessment. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:458-466. [PMID: 38235099 PMCID: PMC10790975 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate potential correlations between human exposure to inhaled particles and pathological effects, the biological monitoring of nanoparticles in broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) from patients has been proposed. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of toxicity, we propose to couple this biomonitoring of nanoparticles to their in vitro toxicity assessment. However, BAL obtained from regular clinical practice are conditioned with sodium hypochlorite solution (in a 50% v/v ratio), which is toxic to cells. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol to neutralize sodium hypochlorite, allowing to properly investigate the toxicity of the nanoparticles BAL contain. We first tried to neutralize chemically the sodium hypochlorite using H2O2, ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate but this approach was unsuccessful. In addition, standard toxicology assays (MTT, LDH) could not be used because of interference with neutralizing solutions. We thus changed strategy and used ultracentrifugation to isolate nanoparticles from the sodium hypochlorite solution, with satisfactory extraction yields (88 to 100%). We then incubated the extracted nanoparticles with macrophages from the RAW264.7 cell line and assessed the cell viability and pro-inflammatory response. This study can be used as a proof-of-concept for further study of the biological impact of nanoparticles. This approach paves the way for studies aiming at a better understanding of the aetiology of some idiopathic diseases and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Bernal
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
| | - Ozge Kose
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
| | - Lara Leclerc
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
| | - Jean-Michel Vergnon
- Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- CHU Saint-Etienne, Service de Pneumologie F-42055 Saint-Etienne France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
| | - Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, CS 62362 42023, 158 cours Fauriel F-42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France +33477499776
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Spagnolo P, Ryerson CJ, Guler S, Feary J, Churg A, Fontenot AP, Piciucchi S, Udwadia Z, Corte TJ, Wuyts WA, Johannson KA, Cottin V. Occupational interstitial lung diseases. J Intern Med 2023; 294:798-815. [PMID: 37535448 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Millions of workers are exposed to substances known to cause occupational interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), particularly in developing countries. However, the burden of the disease is likely to be underestimated due to under-recognition, under-reporting or both. The diagnosis of occupational ILD requires a high level of suspicion and a thorough occupational history, as occupational and non-occupational ILDs may be clinically, functionally and radiologically indistinguishable, leading to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate management. A potential occupational aetiology should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of ILD, as removal from the workplace exposure, with or without treatment, is a key therapeutic intervention and may lead to significant improvement. In this article, we provide an overview of the 'traditional' inorganic dust-related ILDs but also address idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the immunologically mediated chronic beryllium disease, sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, with emphasis on the importance of surveillance and prevention for reducing the burden of these conditions. To this end, health-care professionals should be specifically trained about the importance of occupational exposures as a potential cause of ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory, Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sabina Guler
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Feary
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Churg
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sara Piciucchi
- Department of Radiology, G.B. Morgagni Hospital/University of Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Zarir Udwadia
- Hinduja Hospital and Research Center, Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tamera J Corte
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wim A Wuyts
- Unit for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kerri A Johannson
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Coordinating Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR754, IVPC, Lyon, France
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Sahin ER, Koksal D. Asbestos: Mineralogical features and fiber analysis in biological materials. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2023; 78:369-378. [PMID: 37800384 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2023.2264764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos is a mineral with unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly resistant to heat, fire, and corrosion. Nevertheless, exposure to asbestos fibers has been linked to serious health problems, including lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Despite the ban on asbestos usage, asbestos-related diseases are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Analyzing the mineralogical features and fiber analysis of asbestos in biological materials is critical for scenarios where an asbestos exposure history cannot be obtained, a clinical diagnosis cannot be made, or legal aspects necessitate further investigation. This review outlines the mineralogical features and fiber analysis techniques of asbestos in biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Reyhan Sahin
- Department of Public Health, Department of Occupational Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Sihhiye/Altindag, Turkey
| | - Deniz Koksal
- Department of Chest Diseases, Director of Mesothelioma and Medical Geology Research Center, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Sihhiye/Altindag, Turkey
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Somigliana AB, Barbieri PG, Cavallo A, Colombo R, Consonni D, Mirabelli D. Lung asbestos fiber burden analysis: effects of the counting rules for legal medicine evaluations. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:300-307. [PMID: 37995092 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2285789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The work shows the effect of counting rules, such as analysis magnification and asbestos fiber dimension to be count (with length ≥5 µm or also asbestos fibers with length <5 µm) in the lung asbestos fiber burden analysis for legal medicine evaluations. METHODS On the same lung tissue samples, two different analyses were carried out to count any asbestos fibers with length ≥1 µm and with length ≥5 µm. Results of the amphibole burden of the two analyses were compared by linear regression analysis on log10-transformed values. RESULTS The analysis should be carried out at an appropriate magnification and on samples prepared in such a way as they allow the counting of very fine fibers. If the analysis is limited to the asbestos fibers with length ≥5 µm, there is a high risk of not detecting possible residual chrysotile fiber burden and thinner crocidolite asbestos fibers. CONCLUSIONS On average we estimated that 1 amphibole fiber with length ≥5 µm corresponds to ∼8 amphibole fibers with length ≥1 µm in the lung. The values of the Helsinki criteria should be updated taking this into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Benedetta Somigliana
- Regional Electron Microscopy Centre-Environmental Protection Agency of Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Gino Barbieri
- Formerly Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority and Mesothelioma Registry of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cavallo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences-DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Biology and Biotechnology Department "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Formerly Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, CPO Piemonte and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Asbestos lung burden does not predicts survival in malignant pleural mesothelioma. A necropsy-based study of 185 cases. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:1042-1049. [PMID: 35659582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related disease with poor survival. The prognostic role of histological subtype is well established. Some studies (without a biological hypothesis) suggested that higher asbestos lung burden is associated with reduced survival. OBJECTIVES We performed a necropsy-based study of MPM patients to analyze the relationship between asbestos lung burden and survival. METHODS We selected subjects from two series of necropsies: residents in Brescia province (North-West Italy) and workers (or persons living with them) employed in the Monfalcone shipyards (North-East Italy). Asbestos fibers (AF) and bodies (AB) in lung samples were counted using a scanning electron and an optical microscope respectively. Separately in the two series, we analyzed median survival time and fitted multivariable Cox regression models (adjusted for gender, period and age at diagnosis, and morphology) to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for three levels of AF counts (reference: <1 million fibers per gram of dry lung tissue). RESULTS We analyzed 185 necropsies, 83 in Brescia and 102 in Monfalcone. Despite a much higher lung burden in Monfalcone patients, median survival was slightly shorter in Brescia (8.3 months) than in Monfalcone (10.2 months). In Brescia, for medium (1-9.9) and high (10+) fiber burden HRs were 0.91 (95% CI 0.54-1.53) and 1.23 (95% CI 0.41-3.70). In Monfalcone, the corresponding HRs were 1.18 (95% CI 0.59-2.35) and 1.63 (95% CI 0.77-3.45). CONCLUSION No relationship between asbestos lung burden and survival was found. Histological subtype was the strongest prognostic determinant.
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Urban M, Pelclová D, Urban P, Vít M, Urban P, Fenclová Z. Asbestos danger in central Europe is not yet over - the situation in the Czech Republic. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 30:67-73. [PMID: 35876593 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the Czech Republic, asbestos has been classified as a known human carcinogen since 1984. The use of asbestos-containing products was limited to scenarios where the use of other materials was not possible. Since 1997, the manufacture of asbestos materials has been forbidden, and in 1999, the import, manufacture and distribution of all types of asbestos fibres was legally banned by Act No. 157/1998 Coll. Although the use of asbestos is forbidden, the risk of exposure still exists given the ongoing demolition and reconstruction of buildings in which asbestos has been used. In addition, a novel risk has arisen through the quarrying of asbestos-containing aggregates and their subsequent use. The aim of this paper was to describe and evaluate asbestos in terms of history, legislation, current risk of occupational exposure and its health consequences in the Czech Republic over the last three decades. METHODS This retrospective descriptive study used the collected data on occupational exposure and occupational diseases. The counts of workers occupationally exposed to asbestos were obtained from the Registry of Work Categorization; the numbers and structure of occupational diseases caused by asbestos were taken from the Czech National Registry of Occupational Diseases. Data on the total number of mesothelioma cases recorded in the Czech National Cancer Registry was provided by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. RESULTS A total of 13,112 subjects were registered as occupationally exposed to asbestos during the period 2001-2020. A total of 687 cases of asbestos-related occupational diseases were reported in the period 1991-2020 in the Czech Republic, comprising 178 cases of asbestosis, 250 cases of pleural hyalinosis, 168 cases of pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma, 90 cases of lung cancer, and one case of laryngeal cancer. The data from the Czech National Cancer Registry, available for a shorter period (1991-2018), reveal 1,389 cases of mesothelioma, of which only ~11% were recognised as occupational, despite the fact that the occupational causality of mesotheliomas is estimated to be up to 90% of mesotheliomas. Moreover, the latency of mesotheliomas since the last occupational exposure reached up to 50 years and this trend is still slightly increasing, unlike asbestosis, where a high cumulative dose of inhaled asbestos is needed. The real proportion of occupational lung cancers may obviously be even higher, especially in smokers, where occupational causes including asbestos are not suspected by most physicians. CONCLUSION Czech data on asbestos-related occupational diseases, especially cancers, are grossly underestimated, which is most apparent through the low proportion of mesotheliomas diagnosed as occupational. Asbestos materials in older buildings remained in situ and may represent a danger during reconstruction works. The current source of exposure appears to be quarrying of asbestos-containing aggregate and its subsequent use. Awareness of the professional community is therefore crucial, not only for the possibility of compensating those affected, but also for the early detection of the diseases through the dispensary of exposed persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Urban
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclová
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Urban
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Vít
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Urban
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclová
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Forest V. Experimental and Computational Nanotoxicology-Complementary Approaches for Nanomaterial Hazard Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081346. [PMID: 35458054 PMCID: PMC9031966 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing development and applications of nanomaterials lead to an increasing release of these materials in the environment. The adverse effects they may elicit on ecosystems or human health are not always fully characterized. Such potential toxicity must be carefully assessed with the underlying mechanisms elucidated. To that purpose, different approaches can be used. First, experimental toxicology consisting of conducting in vitro or in vivo experiments (including clinical studies) can be used to evaluate the nanomaterial hazard. It can rely on variable models (more or less complex), allowing the investigation of different biological endpoints. The respective advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models are discussed as well as some issues associated with experimental nanotoxicology. Perspectives of future developments in the field are also proposed. Second, computational nanotoxicology, i.e., in silico approaches, can be used to predict nanomaterial toxicity. In this context, we describe the general principles, advantages, and limitations especially of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models and grouping/read-across approaches. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these different approaches based on examples and highlight their complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Fadel M, Van Nhieu JT, Grall P, Beugnon K, Boudet P, Schlemmer F, Mangiapan G, Maitre B, Boczkowski J, Martinon L, Pairon JC. Determinants of a bronchoalveolar lavage of good quality for mineralogical analyses in adults: Experience from the Asbestos Fibers and Particles Laboratory of Paris City. Respir Med Res 2022; 81:100885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2022.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Forest V, Pourchez J, Pélissier C, Audignon Durand S, Vergnon JM, Fontana L. Relationship between Occupational Exposure to Airborne Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle Lung Burden and Lung Diseases. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090204. [PMID: 34564355 PMCID: PMC8473390 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The biomonitoring of nanoparticles in patients’ broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) could allow getting insights into the role of inhaled biopersistent nanoparticles in the etiology/development of some respiratory diseases. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between the biomonitoring of nanoparticles in BAL, interstitial lung diseases and occupational exposure to these particles released unintentionally. We analyzed data from a cohort of 100 patients suffering from lung diseases (NanoPI clinical trial, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02549248) and observed that most of the patients showed a high probability of exposure to airborne unintentionally released nanoparticles (>50%), suggesting a potential role of inhaled nanoparticles in lung physiopathology. Depending on the respiratory disease, the amount of patients likely exposed to unintentionally released nanoparticles was variable (e.g., from 88% for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis to 54% for sarcoidosis). These findings are consistent with the previously performed mineralogical analyses of BAL samples that suggested (i) a role of titanium nanoparticles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and (ii) a contribution of silica submicron particles to sarcoidosis. Further investigations are necessary to draw firm conclusions but these first results strengthen the array of presumptions on the contribution of some inhaled particles (from nano to submicron size) to some idiopathic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Carole Pélissier
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (C.P.); (L.F.)
- Univ Lyon, Univ Eiffel, Univ Lyon 1, Univ St Etienne, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, F-42005 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sabyne Audignon Durand
- EPICENE Team, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bordeaux Hospital, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vergnon
- Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;
- Department of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Luc Fontana
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France; (C.P.); (L.F.)
- Univ Lyon, Univ Eiffel, Univ Lyon 1, Univ St Etienne, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE, UMR_T9405, F-42005 Saint-Etienne, France
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Visonà SD, Capella S, Bodini S, Borrelli P, Villani S, Crespi E, Colosio C, Previderè C, Belluso E. Evaluation of Deposition and Clearance of Asbestos (Detected by SEM-EDS) in Lungs of Deceased Subjects Environmentally and/or Occupationally Exposed in Broni (Pavia, Northern Italy). Front Public Health 2021; 9:678040. [PMID: 34354974 PMCID: PMC8329042 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.678040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodurability is one of the main determinants of asbestos hazardousness for human health. Very little is known about the actual persistence of asbestos in lungs and its clearance, nor about differences in this regard between the different mineralogical types of asbestos. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the amount, the dimensional characteristics and the mineralogic kinds of asbestos in lungs (measured using SEM-EDS) of a series of 72 deceased subjects who were certainly exposed to asbestos (mainly crocidolite and chrysotile) during their life. Moreover, we investigated possible correlations between the lung burden of asbestos (in general and considering each asbestos type), as well as their dimension (length, width, and l/w ratio) and the duration of exposure, the latency- in case of malignant mesothelioma (MM), the survival and the time since the end of exposure. In 62.5% of subjects, asbestos burden in lungs was lower that the threshold considered demonstrative for occupational exposure. In 29.1% of cases no asbestos was found. Chrysotile was practically not detected. The mean length of asbestos fibers and the length to width ratio were significantly related to the duration of exposure to asbestos. No other statistically significant correlations were found between the amount and dimensional characteristics of asbestos (nor with the relative amount of each asbestos type) and the other chronological variables considered. In conclusion, it was pointed out that chrysotile can be completely removed from human lungs in <8 years and, instead, amphiboles persist much more time. The present results suggest, as well, that the finding of no asbestos in lungs cannot rule out the attribution of MM to asbestos (in particular, chrysotile) inhaled in an occupational setting. This point is of crucial importance from a legal point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D. Visonà
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sofia Bodini
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Villani
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Crespi
- Occupational Health Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Occupational Health Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Previderè
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Bardelli F, Brun F, De Panfilis S, Cloetens P, Capella S, Belluso E, Bellis D, Di Napoli A, Cedola A. Chemo-physical properties of asbestos bodies in human lung tissues studied at the nano-scale by non-invasive, label free x-ray imaging and spectroscopic techniques. Toxicol Lett 2021; 348:18-27. [PMID: 34023437 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the lungs, asbestos develops an Fe-rich coating (Asbestos Body, AB) that becomes the actual interface between the foreign fibers and the host organism. Conventional approaches to study ABs require an invasive sample preparation that can alter them. In this work, a novel combination of x-ray tomography and spectroscopy allowed studying unaltered lung tissue samples with chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos. The thickness and mass density maps of the ABs obtained by x-ray tomography were used to derive a truly quantitative elemental analysis from scanning x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy data. The average mass density of the ABs is compatible with that of highly loaded ferritin, or hemosiderin. The composition of all ABs analyzed was similar, with only minor differences in the relative elemental fractions. Silicon concentration decreased in the core-to-rim direction, indicating a possible partial dissolution of the inner fiber. The Fe content in the ABs was higher than that possibly contained in chrysotile and crocidolite. This finding opens two opposite scenarios, the first with Fe coming from the fiber bulk and concentrating on the surface as long as the fiber dissolves, the second where the Fe that takes part to the formation of the AB originates from the host organism Fe-pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bardelli
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR-Nanotec, c/o Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Brun
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone De Panfilis
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Roma, Italy
| | - Peter Cloetens
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for the Study of Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulate "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for the Study of Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulate "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Donata Bellis
- Interdepartmental Centre for the Study of Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulate "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Surgery, Pathological Anatomy, Ospedale degli Infermi, Biella, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Pathology Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR-Nanotec, c/o Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
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13
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Bardelli F, Brun F, Capella S, Bellis D, Cippitelli C, Cedola A, Belluso E. Asbestos bodies count and morphometry in bulk lung tissue samples by non-invasive X-ray micro-tomography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10608. [PMID: 34012032 PMCID: PMC8136473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of the Asbestos Bodies (AB), i.e. asbestos that developed an iron-protein coating during its permanence in biological tissues, is one of the most accessible markers of asbestos exposure in individuals. The approaches developed to perform AB count in biological tissues are based on the manual examination of tissue digests or histological sections by means of light or electron microscopies. Although these approaches are well established and relatively accessible, manual examination is time-consuming and can be reader-dependent. Besides, approximations are applied because of the limitations of 2D readings and to speed up manual counts. In addition, sample preparation using tissue digests require an amount of tissue that can only be obtained by invasive surgery or post-mortem sampling. In this paper, we propose a new approach to AB counting based on non-destructive 3D imaging, which has the potential to overcome most of the limitations of conventional approaches. This method allows automating the AB count and determining their morphometry distribution in bulk tissue samples (ideally non-invasive needle biopsies), with minimal sample preparation and avoiding approximations. Although the results are promising, additional testing on a larger number of AB-containing biological samples would be required to fully validate the method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Brun
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for the Study of Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulate, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Donata Bellis
- Interdepartmental Centre for the Study of Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulate, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ospedale degli Infermi, Biella, Italy
| | - Claudia Cippitelli
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for the Study of Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulate, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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14
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Visonà SD, Capella S, Bodini S, Borrelli P, Villani S, Crespi E, Frontini A, Colosio C, Belluso E. Inorganic Fiber Lung Burden in Subjects with Occupational and/or Anthropogenic Environmental Asbestos Exposure in Broni (Pavia, Northern Italy): An SEM-EDS Study on Autoptic Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2053. [PMID: 33669843 PMCID: PMC7923219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased mortality due to malignant mesothelioma has been demonstrated by several epidemiologic studies in the area around Broni (a small town in Lombardy, northern Italy), where a factory producing asbestos cement was active between 1932 and 1993. Until now, the inorganic fiber burden in lungs has not been investigated in this population. The aim of this study is to assess the lung fiber burden in 72 individuals with previous occupational and/or anthropogenic environmental exposure to asbestos during the activity of an important asbestos cement factory. Inorganic fiber lung burden was assessed in autoptic samples taken from individuals deceased from asbestos-related diseases using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer. Significant differences in the detected amount of asbestos were pointed out among the three types of exposure. In most lung samples taken from patients who died of mesothelioma, very little asbestos (or, in some cases, no fibers) was found. Such subjects showed a significantly lower median amount of asbestos as compared to asbestosis. Almost no chrysotile was detected in the examined samples. Overall, crocidolite was the most represented asbestos, followed by amosite, tremolite/actinolite asbestos, and anthophyllite asbestos. There were significant differences in the amount of crocidolite and amosite fibers according to the kind of exposure. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the link between asbestos exposure and mesothelioma, as well as the different impacts of the various types of asbestos on human health in relation to their different biopersistences in the lung microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (E.B.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy
| | - Sofia Bodini
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (P.B.); (S.V.)
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Villani
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (P.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Eleonora Crespi
- Occupational Health Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, 20142 Milano, Italy; (E.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Occupational Health Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, 20142 Milano, Italy; (E.C.); (C.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (E.B.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy
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15
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Barbieri PG, Somigliana A, Chen Y, Consonni D, Vignola R, Finotto L. Lung Asbestos Fibre Burden and Pleural Mesothelioma in Women with Non-occupational Exposure. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 64:297-310. [PMID: 32065212 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) due to environmental and familial (domestic) asbestos exposure is well recognized. However, information on cumulative asbestos dose in subjects affected by MPM is limited. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the residual lung asbestos fibre and asbestos body burden in women with MPM with past environmental and/or familial asbestos exposure. METHODS We collected lung samples from autopsies regarding 15 non-occupationally asbestos-exposed MPM cases, divided in three groups: (i) familial exposure from the Fincantieri shipyards in Monfalcone (No. 7), (ii) environmental and familial asbestos exposure from the asbestos-cement plant Fibronit in Broni (No. 6), and (iii) environmental exposure from the Fibronit plant (No. 2). Asbestos body (AB) and fibres (AF) per gram of dry lung tissue were counted by optical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, and expressed as geometric means and standard deviations (GM, GSD). RESULTS GM/GSD of AB counts were 6123/9.6 (Group 1), 13 800/10.4 (Group 2), and 8400/1.1 (Group 3); GM/GSD of AF were 0.6/2.1 (Group 1), 7.9/2.1 (Group 2), and 6.0/2.3 (Group 3) million. Pleural plaques were observed in 12 cases. CONCLUSIONS Exclusive familial exposure to asbestos determined cumulative doses close to those observed in moderate occupational exposure circumstances. Our results also suggest that combined environmental and familial exposures may cause unexpectedly high cumulative fibre doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gino Barbieri
- Formerly Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Somigliana
- Centre of Electronic Microscopy, Lombardy Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), Milan, Italy
| | - Yao Chen
- Public Health Department, Forensic Medical Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Vignola
- Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority, Broni (PV), Italy
| | - Luigi Finotto
- Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority, Monfalcone (GO), Italy
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16
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Kuhn BK, Barresi F, Dressel H, Vrugt B. Discrepancies of asbestos body and fiber content between formalin-fixed and corresponding paraffin embedded lung tissue. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 33:18-24. [PMID: 33322958 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1860167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formalin-fixed lung tissue and paraffin blocks containing peripheral lung tissue obtained from subjects with an occupational asbestos exposure are both regarded to be suitable to determine asbestos load. Because sample preparation of paraffin blocks requires a more intense treatment than formalin-fixed tissue, we tested whether asbestos analysis of formalin-fixed lung tissue and paraffin blocks obtained from the same patients deliver comparable results. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined numbers of asbestos bodies (AB) and amphibole asbestos fibers (AF) in formalin-fixed lung tissue and corresponding paraffin blocks from 36 patients. For AB counts, samples were digested in sodium hypochlorite. For AF analysis, tissue was freeze-dried and then ashed. Results were reported as numbers of AB and AF per gram dry lung tissue. RESULTS Both AB counts as well as AF counts were lower in paraffin blocks than formalin-fixed lung tissue. Compared to formalin-fixed tissue, the limit of detection was higher for paraffin blocks, rendering more results from paraffin blocks not interpretable than from formalin-fixed tissue (8 samples versus 1 for AB and 15 samples versus 4 for AF). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Asbestos analysis of paraffin blocks may lead to underestimation of asbestos exposure. This should be considered when assessing occupational asbestos exposure through lung dust analysis in medico-legal evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Kuhn
- Silag-Swiss Laboratory for Particle Analysis in Tissues, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Barresi
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Dressel
- Silag-Swiss Laboratory for Particle Analysis in Tissues, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart Vrugt
- Silag-Swiss Laboratory for Particle Analysis in Tissues, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Hara R, Yano Y, Okabe F, Kuge T, Mori M, Urasaki K. Radiographic change over 11 years in a patient with asbestos-related pleural disease. Respirol Case Rep 2020; 8:e00642. [PMID: 32832086 PMCID: PMC7438685 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos-related pulmonary conditions such as benign asbestos pleural effusion (BAPE) and diffuse pleural thickening (DPT) can develop after many years of asbestos exposure. These conditions cause progressing constrictive deficit in pulmonary function which may lead to respiratory failure and death. We report the case of a 72-year-old man with asbestos-related BAPE and DPT which developed approximately 40 years after occupational asbestos exposure, leading to chronic respiratory failure and death. We were able to observe his clinical course including computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation over 11 years. In addition to this observation, moderate asbestos body concentration was confirmed in autopsy-derived lung tissue. There are few case reports that showed radiographic course of asbestos-related pulmonary disorder initiated as BAPE, followed by unilateral DPT and later bilateral DPT that was histologically proven with asbestos body. We consider his clinical course is important in managing this disease, especially in early phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Hara
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka Toneyama Medical CenterOsakaJapan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yukihiro Yano
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka Toneyama Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Fukuko Okabe
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka Toneyama Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoki Kuge
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka Toneyama Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Masahide Mori
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka Toneyama Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Koji Urasaki
- Department of PathologyOsaka Toneyama Medical CenterOsakaJapan
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18
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Ingravalle F, Ceballos LA, D'Errico V, Mirabelli D, Capella S, Belluso E, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, Di Blasio A, Meistro S, Vizio C, Fraccaro E, Ardizzone M, Seghesio A, Ru G. Wild rats as urban detectives for latent sources of asbestos contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138925. [PMID: 32371204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on a large body of evidence asbestos minerals have been classified as carcinogens. Despite the Italian ban on asbestos in 1992 and the subsequent remediation activities, latent sources of contamination may still represent a hazard where asbestos were particularly used. Using wild rats as sentinel animals, this study aimed at uncovering sites with the greatest potential for non-occupational exposure to asbestos in the city of Casale Monferrato (Piedmont Region, Italy), where the largest Italian manufacturing plant of asbestos-cement had been active. During the study period (2013-2015) a total of 40 wild rats were captured from 16 sampling capture points. The lungs of wild rats have been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM-EDS detected the presence of asbestos fibers (tremolite/actinolite, amosite, and chrysotile) in rats' lungs from 11 sampling points. The hypothetical rats' home-range and the observed site-specific concentration of asbestos fibers per gram of dry lung tissue were used to identify areas to be targeted by additional search of latent sources of asbestos. In conclusion, our results showed that the use of wild rats as sentinel animals may effectively integrate the strategies currently in use to reduce the exposure to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ingravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - L A Ceballos
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy.
| | - V D'Errico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy; SC Sanità animale, ASL TO5, Turin, Italy
| | - D Mirabelli
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni Battista di Torino, SCDU Epidemiologia Tumori, Turin, Italy
| | - S Capella
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra and Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio degli Amianti e di altri Particolati Nocivi "G. Scansetti", Turin, Italy
| | - E Belluso
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra and Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio degli Amianti e di altri Particolati Nocivi "G. Scansetti", Turin, Italy
| | - M Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - E Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - A Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - A Di Blasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - S Meistro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - C Vizio
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni Battista di Torino, SCDU Epidemiologia Tumori, Turin, Italy; Cella Monte, Alessandria, Italy
| | - E Fraccaro
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni Battista di Torino, SCDU Epidemiologia Tumori, Turin, Italy
| | - M Ardizzone
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni Battista di Torino, SCDU Epidemiologia Tumori, Turin, Italy; European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
| | - A Seghesio
- Presidio Multizonale di Profilassi e Polizia Veterinaria di Alessandria ed Asti, Alessandria, Italy
| | - G Ru
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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19
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Plesker R, Köhler K, von Gerlach S, Boller K, Vogt M, Feder IS. Reactive mesothelial hyperplasia mimicking mesothelioma in an African green monkey ( Chlorocebus aethiops). Primate Biol 2020; 7:5-12. [PMID: 32760782 PMCID: PMC7399384 DOI: 10.5194/pb-7-5-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A spontaneous reactive mesothelial hyperplasia occurred in a
female, 15.7-year-old African green monkey (grivet; Chlorocebus aethiops). At necropsy, massive
effusions were found in the abdomen, the thorax, and the pericardium.
Additionally, multiple small, beige-gray nodules were detected on the
serosal surfaces of the abdominal organs. Histopathologically, the
mesothelial cells resembled the epithelioid subtype of a mesothelioma, but
no infiltrative or invasive growth could be demonstrated. The mesothelial
cells on the thoracis, liver, and intestinal serosa were accompanied by
chronic serositis. Mesothelial cells expressed cytokeratin, vimentin,
calretinin, desmin, Wilms Tumor 1 (WT-1) protein, and epithelial membrane
antigen (EMA). Cells were negative for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),
cluster of differentiation 15 (CD15), and podoplanin. Ultrastructurally,
cells revealed a moderate amount of microvilli of medium length, perinuclear
tonofilament bundles, and long desmosomes. In fluorescence in situ
hybridization (FISH) for the detection of characteristic gene loss (p16;
CDKN2A), NF2, and MTAP, no deletions were detected. No asbestos fibers and no
presence of Simian virus 40 antigen (SV40) could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Plesker
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Susanne von Gerlach
- ÜGP MVZ, Institut für Pathologie, Zytologie und Molekularpathologie GbR, Wettenberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Boller
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Markus Vogt
- Institut für Pathologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Inke S Feder
- Institut für Pathologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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20
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Capella S, Bellis D, Fioretti E, Marinelli R, Belluso E. Respirable inorganic fibers dispersed in air and settled in human lung samples: Assessment of their nature, source, and concentration in a NW Italy large city. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114384. [PMID: 32234644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation represents a new approach useful to evaluate the general population risk correlated with environmental exposure to air dispersed inorganic fibers. The used method is based on the evaluation of the respirable inorganic fibers both air dispersed in a big city and contained in lungs of the general population following their respiration. Moreover, these data allow to identify the sources of dispersion (anthropogenic or natural) in air of the inorganic fibers and therefore to apply strategies to improve air quality. To describe this approach, we investigated air samples from a big city in NW Italy and lung inorganic burden of people here lived. This paper reports the data of the airborne inorganic fibers detected in two sampling campaign (2014 and 2016), in 24 districts of Torino (Piemonte - NW Italy), and in some autoptic lungs of general population lived here. The airborne fibers (collected on mixed-cellulose esters membrane) were characterized by SEMEDS. The identified inorganic fiber species were assigned to 5 classes, one of these including 2 types of asbestos. These last are grouped as tremolite/actinolite asbestos. They are dispersed from natural sources (i.e. certain kinds of rocks outcropping in the city surrounding areas). In no-one of the 24 districts of Torino their concentration highlighted a situation of asbestos pollution in place. A correlation with inorganic fibers (collected on mixed-cellulose esters membrane and characterized by SEM-EDS) detected in lung tissue samples of 10 subjects lived in Torino all their life and without professional exposure to asbestos were attempted. The only types of fibers identified as asbestos are tremolite/actinolite asbestos, and they match those detected in air sampling. The number of fibers per 1 g of tissue dry weight is lower than the quantities reported as indicative of significant asbestos exposure. We observed interesting gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Donata Bellis
- Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Surgery, Pathological Anatomy, Ospedale degli Infermi, Ponderano, Biella, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR, Unit of Torino, Italy
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21
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Sergi CM. Lower Respiratory Tract. PATHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE 2020:139-253. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-59169-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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22
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Klebe S, Leigh J, Henderson DW, Nurminen M. Asbestos, Smoking and Lung Cancer: An Update. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010258. [PMID: 31905913 PMCID: PMC6982078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review updates the scientific literature concerning asbestos and lung cancer, emphasizing cumulative exposure and synergism between asbestos exposure and tobacco smoke, and proposes an evidence-based and equitable approach to compensation for asbestos-related lung cancer cases. This update is based on several earlier reviews written by the second and third authors on asbestos and lung cancer since 1995. We reevaluated the peer-reviewed epidemiologic studies. In addition, selected in vivo and in vitro animal studies and molecular and cellular studies in humans were included. We conclude that the mechanism of lung cancer causation induced by the interdependent coaction of asbestos fibers and tobacco smoke at a biological level is a multistage stochastic process with both agents acting conjointly at all times. The new knowledge gained through this review provides the evidence for synergism between asbestos exposure and tobacco smoke in lung cancer causation at a biological level. The evaluated statistical data conform best to a multiplicative model for the interaction effects of asbestos and smoking on the lung cancer risk, with no requirement for asbestosis. Any asbestos exposure, even in a heavy smoker, contributes to causation. Based on this information, we propose criteria for the attribution of lung cancer to asbestos in smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology and Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-08-820-439-36
| | - James Leigh
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia;
| | - Douglas W. Henderson
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology and Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Markku Nurminen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- MarkStat Consultancy, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
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Colombino E, Capella S, Casalinuovo F, Racco R, Pruiti F, Volante M, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Belluso E, Capucchio MT. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a boar who lived in Calabria (Italy): Wild animal as sentinel system of human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:267-274. [PMID: 31132706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a tumor of the serosal membranes described both in human and veterinary medicine. While in humans the relationship between mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos and some other asbestiform minerals is well known, in animals it is still difficult to establish. In this paper a case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma probably related to asbestos exposure in a wild boar is described. At post-mortem evaluation the peritoneum, diaphragm and serosal surface of liver and kidneys showed isolated to coalescent multiple nodular lesions. Samples from diaphragm, liver and lung were collected to perform microbiological and histological investigations. To assess the presence of asbestos and/or other asbestiform minerals, SEM-EDS investigations were performed on organs and soil samples collected from the area where the wild boar lived. Microbiological investigations were negative for Mycobacterium species. Gross and histological examination were compatible with a biphasic mesothelioma, with nodules composed of epithelioid and sarcomatoid elements with high pleomorphism. Immunohistochemistry revealed only multifocal scattered positivity for WT-1 and D2-40. Asbestos fibres were detected in all samples (organs and soil) by SEM-EDS, demonstrating a potential relationship between the neoplasia and the exposure to naturally occurring asbestos (NOA). In conclusion, the results of the present study are further confirmation that wild animals, such as the boar, are suitable sentinels to indicate the risk of environmental exposure to asbestos for human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Italy.
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates G. Scansetti, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Flavia Pruiti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Barcellona P.G., Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates G. Scansetti, University of Torino, Italy
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Cruz MJ, Sampol J, Pallero M, Rodríguez E, Ferrer J. Asbestos-related disease in upholsterers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 73:186-188. [PMID: 28686522 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1350133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Before its use was banned in developed countries, asbestos was widely applied in upholstery. However, the risk of asbestos diseases among upholsterers has only rarely been reported. In this case series, we present a first series of 6 workers employed in small workshops who developed several asbestos-related diseases, including pleural plaques, pleural fibrosis, and asbestosis. Exposures were intermittent and difficult to quantify, but lung asbestos content assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage was high in the 3 patients evaluated. In conclusion, upholstery work should be considered an at-risk occupation for developing asbestos-related diseases during the 20th century.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cruz
- a Pulmonology Department , Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
- b Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - J Sampol
- a Pulmonology Department , Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
| | - M Pallero
- a Pulmonology Department , Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
| | - E Rodríguez
- a Pulmonology Department , Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- a Pulmonology Department , Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron , Barcelona , Spain
- b Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes) , Barcelona , Spain
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26
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Bitounis D, Barnier V, Guibert C, Pourchez J, Forest V, Boudard D, Hochepied JF, Chelle P, Vergnon JM, Cottier M. A method for the quantitative extraction of gold nanoparticles from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids through a glycerol gradient. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2955-2969. [PMID: 29372197 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a diagnostic procedure which samples the cellular and non-cellular components of the pulmonary epithelial surface. The inherent biological noise of BAL fluids inhibits their direct mineralogical analysis while currently available particle retrieval protocols are suspected to impose quantitative and qualitative bias on the studied particle load. This study presents a simple method for the near-lossless extraction of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles from human BAL fluids at sub-ppm levels which enables their quantitation and surface characterization. This procedure was modeled according to fundamental principles of particle sedimentation and liquid-liquid interdiffusion and was evaluated by a battery of analytical techniques. The extraction yield of gold nanoparticles ranged from 61 to 86%, with a quantitation limit at 0.5 μg ml-1, as measured by inductively-coupled optical emission spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering could resolve the hydrodynamic size distribution of extracted particles which returned significantly different photon count rates at various concentrations. Their shape and primary size were easily observable by electron microscopy while atomic force microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy could respectively probe the particles' biomolecular corona, detect surface-adsorbed S- and N- species, and identify carbon-based covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bitounis
- Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U1059 SAINBIOSE, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France.
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27
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Croce A, Capella S, Belluso E, Grosso F, Mariani N, Libener R, Rinaudo C. Asbestos fibre burden in gallbladder: A case study. Micron 2017; 105:98-104. [PMID: 29248759 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The methods conventionally used to determine the burden of asbestos fibres inhaled/incorporated in lung require chemical digestion of the biological matrix before counting/characterising the inorganic fibrous phases under scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Asbestos fibres can also be present in extra-pulmonary organs, and we set out to quantify the fibres in gallbladder. Although the standardised procedure requires approximately 5 × 10-1 g of wet tissue, this amount of tissue is not always available. We applied the procedure on about 9 × 10-4 g of gallbladder from a patient with known environmental and workplace exposure to asbestos. The patient died of malignant pleural mesothelioma and was also affected by severe bile-tract problems. The traditional procedure of digesting tissue samples in NaClO and filtering the resulting suspension was carried out. The filter was then examined under SEM/EDS using two methods 1. following the standardised procedure to assess the fibre burden in lung by investigating only 2 mm2 of the filter (660 microscopic fields), and 2. analysing all the microscopic fields in one-quarter of the filter (about 82 mm2). In parallel, histological sections (prepared in the usual way for medical diagnosis) were analysed without digestion or manipulation of the sample using variable pressure SEM/EDS. The fibre counts obtained using the two methods were of the same order of magnitude, i.e., ∼105 fibres/g of wet tissue. We showed that the counting of fibres in human tissue may be successfully carried out even when a limited amount of tissue is available. We also found that, when exposure to asbestos is considerable, the number of asbestos fibres accumulating in the gallbladder may be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Croce
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates G. Scansetti, University of Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences and Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates G. Scansetti, University of Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Federica Grosso
- Mesothelioma Unit-Oncology-SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, General Hospital, Via Venezia 16, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Narciso Mariani
- Pathology Unit-SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, General Hospital, Via Venezia 16, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Roberta Libener
- Pathology Unit-SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, General Hospital, Via Venezia 16, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Caterina Rinaudo
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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Forest V, Vergnon JM, Guibert C, Bitounis D, Leclerc L, Sarry G, Pourchez J. Metal load assessment in patient pulmonary lavages: towards a comprehensive mineralogical analysis including the nano-sized fraction. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:1211-1224. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1406170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vergnon
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Cyril Guibert
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lara Leclerc
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gwendoline Sarry
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CIS, INSERM, Université de Lyon, SainBioSE, Saint-Etienne, France
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Forest V, Vergnon JM, Pourchez J. Biological Monitoring of Inhaled Nanoparticles in Patients: An Appealing Approach To Study Causal Link between Human Respiratory Pathology and Exposure to Nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1655-1660. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Ecole Nationale
Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS-EMSE, SAINBIOSE, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vergnon
- INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CHU Saint-Etienne, Service de Pneumologie, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Ecole Nationale
Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS-EMSE, SAINBIOSE, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
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First Identification of Pulmonary Asbestos Fibres in a Spanish Population. Lung 2017; 195:671-677. [PMID: 28791466 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize, for the first time in Spain, the type of asbestos fibres (AF) in the lungs of exposed and non-exposed populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lung samples from 38 subjects living in Barcelona and Ferrol, Spain, were studied, which were divided into three groups: Group A-five subjects without known respiratory disease; Group B-20 ex-shipyard workers and Group C-13 patients with lung cancer. After eliminating the organic material, the inorganic residue was analysed using electronic microscopy (EM). To identify the type of fibre, the samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). RESULTS All the fibres identified corresponded to amphiboles (crocidolite 45%, anthophyllite 22%, tremolite 16%, amosite 15% and actinolite 3%). In 14 patients (37%), a single type of asbestos was found in the lungs (amosite in two, actinolite in one, anthophyllite in four, crocidolite in five and tremolite in two). Forty-six percent of the AF analysed had a length > 5 µm and a diameter < 0.2 µm. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide the first data on the type of asbestos retained in the lung of Spanish population. A particularly striking finding is the exclusive retention of amphiboles, which suggests that chrysotile is eliminated after inhalation. Our findings support estimations considering Spain and other southern European countries with similar asbestos imports and consumption at a high risk to develop asbestos-related diseases in the years to come.
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Nemery B, Nuyts V, Nackaerts K. Quantifying asbestos in lung tissue: what debate? Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/6/1700861. [PMID: 28663320 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00861-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Nemery
- Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Nuyts
- Centre for Environment and Health, Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Nackaerts
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Feder IS, Tischoff I, Theile A, Schmitz I, Merget R, Tannapfel A. The asbestos fibre burden in human lungs: new insights into the chrysotile debate. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/6/1602534. [PMID: 28663314 PMCID: PMC5898940 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02534-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The traceability of asbestos fibres in human lungs is a matter of discussion especially for chrysotile. This issue is of high significance for differential diagnosis, risk assessment and occupational compensation. At present no intra-individual longitudinal information is available. This study addresses the question whether the asbestos fibre burden in human lungs decreases with time after exposure cessation. The database of the German Mesothelioma Register was screened for patients with asbestos body counts of at least 500 fibres per gram of wet lung, which had been analysed twice from different tissue excisions at minimum intervals of 4 years. Twelve datasets with individual longitudinal information were discovered with a median interval of about 8 years (range 4–21 years). Both examinations were performed after exposure cessation (median: surgery, 9.5 years; autopsy, 22 years). Pulmonary asbestos fibre burden was stable between both examinations (median 1623/4269 asbestos bodies per gram wet lung). Electron microscopy demonstrated a preponderance of chrysotile (median 80%). This study is the first to present longitudinal intra-individual data about the asbestos fibre burden in living human lungs. The high biopersistence of amphiboles, but also of chrysotile, offers mechanistic explanations for fibre toxicity, especially the long latency period of asbestos-related diseases. Intra-individual longitudinal data display: the asbestos fibre burden in living human lungs is stable over many yearshttp://ow.ly/VtPF30bRETz
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Affiliation(s)
- Inke Sabine Feder
- Institute for Pathology of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Iris Tischoff
- Institute for Pathology of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Theile
- Institute for Pathology of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Inge Schmitz
- Institute for Pathology of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rolf Merget
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute for Pathology of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Kido T, Morimoto Y, Yatera K, Ishimoto H, Ogoshi T, Oda K, Yamasaki K, Kawanami T, Shimajiri S, Mukae H. The utility of electron microscopy in detecting asbestos fibers and particles in BALF in diffuse lung diseases. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:71. [PMID: 28431523 PMCID: PMC5401470 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with diffuse lung diseases, differentiating occupational lung diseases from other diseases is clinically important. However, the value of assessing asbestos and particles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in diffuse lung diseases by electron microscopy (EM) remains unclear. We evaluated the utility of EM in detecting asbestos fibers and particles in patients with diffuse lung diseases. Methods The BALF specimens of 107 patients with diffuse lung diseases were evaluated. First, detection of asbestos by EM and light microscopy (LM) were compared. Second, the detection of asbestos using surgically obtained lung tissues of 8 of 107 patients were compared with the results of EM and LM in BALF. Third, we compared the results of mineralogical components of particles in patients with (n = 48) and without (n = 59) a history of occupational exposure to inorganic dust. Results BALF asbestos were detected in 11 of 48 patients with a history of occupational exposure by EM; whereas asbestos as asbestos bodies (ABs) were detected in BALF in 4 of these 11 patients by LM. Eight of 107 patients in whom lung tissue samples were surgically obtained, EM detected BALF asbestos at a level of >1,000 fibers/ml in all three patients who had ABs in lung tissue samples by LM at a level of >1,000 fibers/g. The BALF asbestos concentration by EM and in lung tissue by LM were positively correlated. The particle fractions of iron and phosphorus were increased in patients with a history of occupational exposure and both correlated with a history of occupational exposure by a multiple regression analysis. Conclusions EM using BALF seemed to be superior to LM using BALF and displayed a similar sensitivity to LM using surgically-obtained lung tissue samples in the detection of asbestos. Our results also suggest that detection of elements, such as iron and phosphorus in particles, is useful for evaluating occupational exposure. We conclude that the detection of asbestos and iron and phosphorus in particles in BALF by EM is very useful for the evaluation of occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ogoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keishi Oda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kawanami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Shimajiri
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bardelli F, Veronesi G, Capella S, Bellis D, Charlet L, Cedola A, Belluso E. New insights on the biomineralisation process developing in human lungs around inhaled asbestos fibres. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44862. [PMID: 28332562 PMCID: PMC5362951 DOI: 10.1038/srep44862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Once penetrated into the lungs of exposed people, asbestos induces an in vivo biomineralisation process that leads to the formation of a ferruginous coating embedding the fibres. The ensemble of the fibre and the coating is referred to as asbestos body and is believed to be responsible for the high toxicological outcome of asbestos. Lung tissue of two individuals subjected to prolonged occupational exposure to crocidolite asbestos was investigated using synchrotron radiation micro-probe tools. The distribution of K and of elements heavier than Fe (Zn, Cu, As, and Ba) in the asbestos bodies was observed for the first time. Elemental quantification, also reported for the first time, confirmed that the coating is highly enriched in Fe (~20% w/w), and x-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that Fe is in the 3+ oxidation state and that it is present in the form of ferritin or hemosiderin. Comparison of the results obtained studying the asbestos bodies upon removing the biological tissue by chemical digestion and those embedded in histological sections, allowed unambiguously distinguishing the composition of the asbestos bodies, and understanding to what extent the digestion procedure altered their chemical composition. A speculative model is proposed to explain the observed distribution of Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bardelli
- CNR-Nanotec - Soft and Living matter Lab (S.Li.M. Lab) c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- CNRS/CEA/University of Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (CBM-UMR 5249), 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy.,Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Donata Bellis
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, ASL-TO1, Martini Hospital, via Tofane 71, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Laurent Charlet
- Institute of Earth Science (ISTerre-OSUG UMR 5275), University of Grenoble Alpes, 1381, rue de la Piscine, 38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Alessia Cedola
- CNR-Nanotec - Soft and Living matter Lab (S.Li.M. Lab) c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy.,Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.,CNR IGG - Torino Unit, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy
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Diego Roza C, Cruz Carmona MJ, Fernández Álvarez R, Ferrer Sancho J, Marín Martínez B, Martínez González C, Rodríguez Portal JA, Romero Valero F, Villena Garrido V. Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Asbestos-Related Pleural and Pulmonary Disease. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 53:437-442. [PMID: 28279517 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos is the term used for a set of mineral silicates that tend to break up into fibers. Its use has been associated with numerous diseases affecting the lung and pleura in particular, all of which are characterized by their long period of latency. Asbestos, moreover, has been recognized by the WHO as a Group IA carcinogen since 1987 and its use was banned in Spain in 2002. The publication in 2013 of the 3rd edition of the specific asbestos health monitoring protocol, together with the development of new diagnostic techniques, prompted the SEPAR EROM group to sponsor publication of guidelines, which review the clinical, radiological and functional aspects of the different asbestos-related diseases. Recommendations have also been made for the diagnosis and follow-up of exposed patients. These recommendations were drawn up in accordance with the GRADE classification system.
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Chemarin C, Catinon M, Cavalin C, Roux E, Rio S, Pecquet M, Blanchet A, Vuillermoz S, Pison C, Arbib F, Bonneterre V, Valeyre D, Freynet O, Mornex J, Freymond N, Pacheco Y, Thivolet F, Kambouchner M, Bernaudin J, Nathalizio A, Rosental P, Vincent M. Analyses minéralogiques de lavages bronchiolo-alvéolaire (LBA) de sujets sains par détection automatique de particules – Intérêt de leur utilisation comme groupe-contrôle dans le cadre de la mise en évidence d’une exposition professionnelle et/ou environnementale. Rev Mal Respir 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2016.10.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cruz MJ, Curull V, Pijuan L, Álvarez-Simón D, Sánchez-Font A, de Gracia J, Culebras M, Ferrer J. Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage for the Diagnosis of Asbestos-Related Diseases. Arch Bronconeumol 2016; 53:318-323. [PMID: 27914752 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis has been proposed as an objective technique for confirming asbestos exposure. However, the reliability and diagnostic yield of this procedure has not been studied in Spain. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the analysis of asbestos bodies (AB) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the diagnosis of asbestos-related diseases (ARD). METHODS BAL samples from 72 patients (66 male, mean age 66 years) undergoing bronchoscopy were analyzed. Lung tissue from 23 of these patients was also analyzed. Asbestos exposure was assessed by anamnesis and a review of the patient's medical records. BAL and lung samples were processed and AB count was determined by light microscopy. The accepted threshold value to diagnose asbestos-related diseases was 1 AB/ml BAL or 1000 AB/gr dry tissue. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients reported exposure to asbestos. Of these, 13 (33%) presented AB values above 1 AB/ml BAL. In the 33 non-exposed patients, 5 (15%) presented AB values above 1 AB/ml BAL. There was a significant difference between the AB levels of exposed and non-exposed patients (P=.006). The ROC curve showed that a value of 0.5 AB/ml BAL achieved the most satisfactory sensitivity, 46%, and a specificity of 83%. The correlation between AB levels in BAL and lung was 0.633 (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS BAL study provides objective evidence of exposure to asbestos. The good correlation between the AB counts in BAL and lung tissue indicates that both techniques are valid for the analysis of asbestos content.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Cruz
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), Barcelona, España
| | - Victor Curull
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, España
| | - Lara Pijuan
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, España
| | - Daniel Álvarez-Simón
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), Barcelona, España
| | - Albert Sánchez-Font
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Barcelona, España
| | - Javier de Gracia
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), Barcelona, España
| | - Mario Culebras
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), Barcelona, España
| | - Jaume Ferrer
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
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Merler E, Somigliana A, Girardi P, Barbieri PG. Residual fibre lung burden among patients with pleural mesothelioma who have been occupationally exposed to asbestos. Occup Environ Med 2016; 74:218-227. [PMID: 27821674 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the lungs asbestos fibres concentration in participants with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) who have been occupationally exposed. METHODS The lung samples were obtained from pleuropneumonectomies or autopsies of 271 male MPMs. The lung samples were examined through scanning electron microscopy. Retrospective assessment was used to assess for asbestos exposure. This study includes 248 MPMs with an occupational exposure defined as either 'definite' or 'probable' or 'possible'. RESULTS The participants had finished working in asbestos exposure conditions more than 20 years ago (on average 26.1±11.0 years). The fibre burden resulted with a geometric mean equal to 2.0 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.4) million fibres per gram of dry lung tissue. The burden was higher among participants employed in asbestos textiles industry and in shipyards with insulation material, if compared with construction workers or non-asbestos textile workers or participants working in chemicals or as auto mechanics. 91.3% of MPMs had a detectable amount of amphibole fibres. A strong lung clearance capability was evident among workers exposed to chrysotile fibres. Owing to that, the 1997 Helsinki Criteria for occupational exposure were reached in <35% of cases among participant working in construction, in metallurgical industry, in chemical or textile industry and among those performing brake repair activities. CONCLUSIONS The MPM cases are now occurring in Italy in participants who ceased occupational asbestos exposure decades before the analysis. A large majority still shows a residual content of amphibole fibres, but given the lung clearance capability, attribution to occupational exposure cannot rely only on fibres detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Merler
- Venetian Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Somigliana
- Centre of Electronic Microscopy, Lombardy Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Venetian Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Epidemiological Department, Veneto Region (SER), Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Gino Barbieri
- Mesothelioma Registry, Occupational Health Unit, Local Health Authority of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Diagnosis of Asbestos-Related Diseases: The Mineralogist and Pathologist's Role in Medicolegal Field. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2016; 37:24-8. [PMID: 26566053 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because asbestos diseases represent a complex pattern of legal, social, and political issue, the involvement of the mineralogist and pathologist for a multidisciplinary assessment of its diagnosis helps investigate the relationship between mesothelioma or lung cancer and occupational or environmental asbestos exposure.In the present study, we consider the concentrations of asbestos bodies (ABs) detected by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the burden of different kinds of mineral fibers (among which is asbestos) identified by SEM combined with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), in 10 lung tissue samples of subjects with occupational and nonoccupational exposure to asbestos.In all subjects with occupational exposure to asbestos, more than 1000 ABs per gram of dry weight were detected both with OM and SEM; this concentration is internationally accepted as suggesting high probability of past occupational exposure to asbestos.In 9 lung samples of the 10 investigated by SEM-EDS different inorganic fibers were found. Asbestos fibers have been identified too, and more than 100,000 fibers per gram of dry weight were detected in subjects with occupational exposure; this concentration is internationally accepted as suggesting high probability of past occupational exposure to asbestos.Instead, when the ABs burden is low or moderate (such as in subjects with absent or probable asbestos exposure), the correlation between ABs concentration determined by OM and those determined by SEM is lost. Therefore, when the ABs value in OM is borderline, the SEM investigation became essential. Furthermore, the mineralogical analysis by SEM-EDS (identification and quantification of inorganic fibers in general and asbestos in particular) of the fibers detected in the lung tissues is very useful, if not necessary, to complete the pathological diagnosis of asbestos-related malignancies in medicolegal field.
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Pascolo L, Gianoncelli A, Rizzardi C, de Jonge M, Howard D, Paterson D, Cammisuli F, Salomé M, De Paoli P, Melato M, Canzonieri V. Focused X-Ray Histological Analyses to Reveal Asbestos Fibers and Bodies in Lungs and Pleura of Asbestos-Exposed Subjects. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:1062-1071. [PMID: 27619825 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos bodies are the histological hallmarks of asbestos exposure. Both conventional and advanced techniques are used to evaluate abundance and composition in histological samples. We previously reported the possibility of using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) for analyzing the chemical composition of asbestos bodies directly in lung tissue samples. Here we applied a high-performance synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) set-up that could allow new protocols for fast monitoring of the occurrence of asbestos bodies in large histological sections, improving investigation of the related chemical changes. A combination of synchrotron X-ray transmission and fluorescence microscopy techniques at different energies at three distinct synchrotrons was used to characterize asbestos in paraffinated lung tissues. The fast chemical imaging of the XFM beamline (Australian Synchrotron) demonstrates that asbestos bodies can be rapidly and efficiently identified as co-localization of high calcium and iron, the most abundant elements of these formations inside tissues (Fe up to 10% w/w; Ca up to 1%). By following iron presence, we were also able to hint at small asbestos fibers in pleural spaces. XRF at lower energy and at higher spatial resolution was afterwards performed to better define small fibers. These analyses may predispose for future protocols to be set with laboratory instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Pascolo
- 1Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences,University of Trieste,34149 Trieste,Italy
| | | | - Clara Rizzardi
- 1Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences,University of Trieste,34149 Trieste,Italy
| | - Martin de Jonge
- 3Australian Synchrotron,3168 Clayton,Melbourne,VIC,Australia
| | - Daryl Howard
- 3Australian Synchrotron,3168 Clayton,Melbourne,VIC,Australia
| | - David Paterson
- 3Australian Synchrotron,3168 Clayton,Melbourne,VIC,Australia
| | - Francesca Cammisuli
- 1Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences,University of Trieste,34149 Trieste,Italy
| | - Murielle Salomé
- 4European Synchrotron Radiation Facility,38000 Grenoble,Cedex 9,France
| | - Paolo De Paoli
- 5Scientific Direction,Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO),National Cancer Institute,IRCCS,33081 Aviano (PN),Italy
| | - Mauro Melato
- 6Institute for Maternal and Child Health,IRCCS Burlo Garofolo,34137 Trieste,Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- 7Division of Pathology,Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO),National Cancer Institute,IRCCS,33081 Aviano (PN),Italy
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Nuyts V, Vanhooren H, Begyn S, Nackaerts K, Nemery B. Asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage in the 21st century: a time-trend analysis in a clinical population. Occup Environ Med 2016; 74:59-65. [PMID: 27550908 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Asbestos bodies (AB) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can be detected by light microscopy and their concentration is indicative of past cumulative asbestos exposure. We assessed clinical and exposure characteristics, as well as possible time trends, among patients in whom AB had been quantified in BAL. METHODS BAL samples obtained from 578 participants between January 1997 and December 2014 were available for analysis. The processing of samples and the microscopic analysis were performed by a single expert and 76% of samples came from a single tertiary care hospital, allowing clinical and exposure data to be extracted from patient files. RESULTS The study population (95% males) had a mean age of 62.5 (±12.4) years. AB were detected in 55.2% of the samples, giving a median concentration of 0.5 AB/mL (95th centile: 23.6 AB/mL; highest value: 164.5 AB/mL). The AB concentration exceeded 1 AB/mL in 39.4% and 5 AB/mL in 17.8%. A significant decrease from a geometric mean of 0.93 AB/mL in 1997 to 0.2 AB/mL in 2014 was apparent. High AB concentrations generally corresponded with occupations with (presumed) high asbestos exposure. AB concentrations were higher among patients with asbestosis and pleural plaques, when compared with other disease groups. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of participants with likely exposure to asbestos did not exhibit high AB counts. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study of a large clinical population supports the value of counting AB in BAL as a complementary approach to assess past exposure to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Nuyts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hadewijch Vanhooren
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Begyn
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Nackaerts
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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SUZUKI T, SAKAKIBARA Y, HISANAGA N, SAKAI K, YU IJ, LIM HS, MIKAMO H, SENO H, KOBAYASHI F, SHIBATA E. The association among ferruginous body, uncoated fibers, asbestos and non-asbestos fibers in lung tissue in terms of length. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2016; 54:370-376. [PMID: 27021059 PMCID: PMC4963550 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2015-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To demonstrate the correlations between the concentrations of ferruginous body as well as uncoated fiber both of which can be observed with phase-contrast microscope and the concentration of various inorganic fibers including asbestos which requires the observation with TEM or SEM, we measured those indices among Japanese and Korean cases. Though the concentration of ferruginous body in lung tissue is an important index of asbestos exposure, uncoated fibers observed with phase-contrast microscope might be another index especially in such cases with relatively low exposure due to their history of living in a general environment. However, to establish the reliability of uncoated fibers as an index of asbestos exposure, analysis with more cases and from various backgrounds must be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi SUZUKI
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Legal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoko SAKAKIBARA
- Center for Health and Environment, Aichi University of Education, Japan
| | | | | | - Il-Je YU
- Institute of Nanoproduct Safety Research, Hoseo University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sul LIM
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Korea
| | - Hiroshige MIKAMO
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroshi SENO
- Department of Legal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumio KOBAYASHI
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Eiji SHIBATA
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Egilman D, Baur X, Soskolne CL. Unreliable proposed 'new standard' for assessing asbestos exposure. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:709. [PMID: 27466612 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Egilman
- The Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Attleboro, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xaver Baur
- Institute for Occupational Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany Collegium Ramazzini
| | - Colin L Soskolne
- Collegium Ramazzini Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia International Joint Policy Committee of the Societies of Epidemiology (IJPC-SE) American College of Epidemiology University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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44
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Gaffney SH, Grespin M, Garnick L, Drechsel DA, Hazan R, Paustenbach DJ, Simmons BD. Anthophyllite asbestos: state of the science review. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:38-49. [PMID: 27397058 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anthophyllite is an amphibole form of asbestos historically used in only a limited number of products. No published resource currently exists that offers a complete overview of anthophyllite toxicity or of its effects on exposed human populations. We performed a review focusing on how anthophyllite toxicity was understood over time by conducting a comprehensive search of publicly available documents that discussed the use, mining, properties, toxicity, exposure and potential health effects of anthophyllite. Over 200 documents were identified; 114 contained relevant and useful information which we present chronologically in this assessment. Our analysis confirms that anthophyllite toxicity has not been well studied compared to other asbestos types. We found that toxicology studies in animals from the 1970s onward have indicated that, at sufficient doses, anthophyllite can cause asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Studies of Finnish anthophyllite miners, conducted in the 1970s, found an increased incidence of asbestosis and lung cancer, but not mesothelioma. Not until the mid-1990s was an epidemiological link with mesothelioma in humans observed. Its presence in talc has been of recent significance in relation to potential asbestos exposure through the use of talc-containing products. Characterizing the health risks of anthophyllite is difficult, and distinguishing between its asbestiform and non-asbestiform mineral form is essential from both a toxicological and regulatory perspective. Anthophyllite toxicity has generally been assumed to be similar to other amphiboles from a regulatory standpoint, but some notable exceptions exist. In order to reach a more clear understanding of anthophyllite toxicity, significant additional study is needed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca Hazan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Vincent M, Chemarin C, Cavalin C, Catinon M, Rosental PA. From the definition of silicosis at the 1930 Johannesburg conference to the blurred boundaries between pneumoconioses, sarcoidosis, and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Am J Ind Med 2015; 58 Suppl 1:S31-8. [PMID: 26509752 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The 1930 International Labour Office Conference on silicosis in Johannesburg identified silicosis by setting a medicolegal framework to its nosology: as with other occupational illnesses, its medical content was fixed under economic pressure. This article follows a reading of all the proceedings of this conference (debates and reports of experts) to examine their potential impact on the etiology and nosology of other diseases, specifically sarcoidosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), "idiopathic" diseases in which inorganic particles may be involved. We propose renewed study of the role of inorganic particles in these diseases. To do this, we propose to mobilize detection means such as mineralogical analysis and electron microscopy and in depth interviewing that are currently seldom used in France, in order to establish diagnosis and the potential occupational and environmental origin of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Vincent
- Pneumology Unit and Laboratory of mineral pathologies at the Centre Hospitalier Saint Joseph Saint Luc; Lyon France
- Centre for European Studies; ERC Grant Silicosis Sciences Po; Paris France
| | - Cecile Chemarin
- Pneumology Unit and Laboratory of mineral pathologies at the Centre Hospitalier Saint Joseph Saint Luc; Lyon France
| | - Catherine Cavalin
- Centre for European Studies; ERC Grant Silicosis Sciences Po; Paris France
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Evaluation of Public Policies (LIEPP); Sciences Po; Paris France
- Centre for Employment Studies; Noisy-le-Grand France
| | - Mikael Catinon
- Pneumology Unit and Laboratory of mineral pathologies at the Centre Hospitalier Saint Joseph Saint Luc; Lyon France
- Centre for European Studies; ERC Grant Silicosis Sciences Po; Paris France
| | - Paul-André Rosental
- Centre for European Studies; ERC Grant Silicosis Sciences Po; Paris France
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Evaluation of Public Policies (LIEPP); Sciences Po; Paris France
- National Institute for Demographic Studies (INED); Paris France
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Kambouchner M, Bernaudin JF. The pathologist's view of silicosis in 1930 and in 2015. The Johannesburg Conference legacy. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58 Suppl 1:S48-58. [PMID: 26509753 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The 1930 International Labour Office Conference on silicosis in Johannesburg was a turning point in the history of silicosis and in the recognition of the associated pathologic patterns. Since 1930, pneumoconioses such as silicosis have become much rarer in developed countries and can now be diagnosed at an early stage based on clinical and radiologic criteria. However, in spite of these advances, pathologists must remember to look for silica in tissues, particularly when clinical and radiologic findings are more uncertain. Furthermore, nowadays pathologists essentially observe silicotic lesions as incidental findings adjacent to lung cancers. In addition to identifying the characteristic lesions, pathologists must also try to identify their causative agent, in the case of crystalline silica firstly by using polarized light examination, followed as appropriate by more sophisticated devices. Finally, pathologists and clinicians must always keep in mind the various implications of exposure to silica compounds in a wide range of diseases.
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Casali M, Carugno M, Cattaneo A, Consonni D, Mensi C, Genovese U, Cavallo DM, Somigliana A, Pesatori AC. Asbestos Lung Burden in Necroscopic Samples from the General Population of Milan, Italy. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2015; 59:909-21. [PMID: 25878166 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study analysed the asbestos lung burden in necroscopic samples from 55 subjects free from asbestos-related diseases, collected between 2009 and 2011 in Milan, Italy. Multiple lung samples were analysed by light microscopy (asbestos bodies, AB) and EDXA-scanning electron microscopy (asbestos fibres and other inorganic fibres). Asbestos fibres were detected in 35 (63.6%) subjects, with a higher frequency for amphiboles than for chrysotile. Commercial (CA) and non-commercial amphiboles (NCA) were found in roughly similar frequencies. The estimated median value was 0.11 million fibres per gram of dry lung tissue (mf g(-1)) for all asbestos, 0.09 mf g(-1) for amphiboles. In 44 (80.0%) subjects no chrysotile fibres were detected. A negative relationship between asbestos mass-weighted fibre count and year of birth (and a corresponding positive increase with age) was observed for amphiboles [-4.15%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -5.89 to -2.37], talc (-2.12%, 95% CI = -3.94 to -0.28), and Ti-rich fibres (-3.10%, 95% CI = -5.54 to -0.60), but not for chrysotile (-2.84%, 95% CI = -7.69 to 2.27). Residential district, birthplace, and smoking habit did not affect the lung burden of asbestos or inorganic fibres. Females showed higher burden only for amphiboles (0.12 versus 0.03 mf g(-1) in males, P = 0.07) and talc fibres (0.14 versus 0 mf g(-1) in males, P = 0.03). Chrysotile fibres were shorter and thinner than amphibole fibres and NCA fibres were thicker than CA ones. The AB prevalence was 16.4% (nine subjects) with concentrations ranging from 10 to 110 AB g(-1) dry, well below the 1000 AB g(-1) threshold for establishing occupational exposure. No AB were found in subjects younger than 30 years. Our study demonstrated detectable levels of asbestos fibres in a sample taken from the general population. The significant increase with age confirmed that amphibole fibres are the most representative of cumulative exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Casali
- 1.Institute of Forensic Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- 2.Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- 3.Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- 4.Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Mensi
- 4.Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Genovese
- 1.Institute of Forensic Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Maria Cavallo
- 3.Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Anna Somigliana
- 5.Centre of Electron Microscopy, Lombardy Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- 2.Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy 4.Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Yusa T, Hiroshima K, Sakai F, Kishimoto T, Ohnishi K, Usami I, Morikawa T, Wu D, Itoi K, Okamoto K, Shinohara Y, Kohyama N, Morinaga K. Significant relationship between the extent of pleural plaques and pulmonary asbestos body concentration in lung cancer patients with occupational asbestos exposure. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:444-55. [PMID: 25676175 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to elucidate whether there is a relationship between the extent of pleural plaques and pulmonary asbestos body concentration (PABC). METHODS The subjects were 207 lung cancer patients with occupational asbestos exposure. We determined the plaque extent by findings on chest images using our own criteria. PABCs were measured in resected or autopsy lung specimens. RESULTS There was a significant relationship between plaque extent and PABC. Seventy-five percent of the patients determined to have extensive plaques based on our criteria had a PABC of ≥5,000 asbestos bodies per gram of dry lung tissue, which is one of the certification criteria of lung cancer caused by asbestos for workers' compensation in Japan. CONCLUSIONS In lung cancer patients, the plaque extent had a significant positive relationship with the PABC. The plaque extent would be useful as a proxy for PABC for lung cancer compensation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Yusa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Asbestos Disease Center; Chiba Rosai Hospital; Ichihara Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiroshima
- Department of Pathology; Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center; Yachiyo Japan
| | - Fumikazu Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; International Medical Center; Saitama Medical University; Hidaka Japan
| | - Takumi Kishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Asbestos-related Disease Research Center; Okayama Rosai Hospital; Okayama Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohnishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Asbestos Disease Bloc Center; Kobe Rosai Hospital; Kobe Japan
| | - Ikuji Usami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Asbestos Disease Bloc Center; Asahi Rosai Hospital; Owariasahi Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Morikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Asbestos Disease Bloc Center; Yokohama Rosai Hospital; Yokohama Japan
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathology; Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center; Yachiyo Japan
| | - Kazumi Itoi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery; Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Hospital; Amagasaki Japan
| | - Kenzo Okamoto
- Department of Pathology; Hokkaido Chuo Rosai Hospital; Iwamizawa Japan
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- Work Environment Research Group; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Norihiko Kohyama
- Department of Environmental Research; Graduate School of Economics Toyo University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Morinaga
- Department of the Relief for Asbestos Related Diseases; Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency; Kawasaki Japan
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Vincent M, Catinon M, Chemarin C. [Contribution of mineralogical analysis in thoracic oncology: The example of asbestos]. Rev Mal Respir 2014; 31:874-5. [PMID: 25433596 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Vincent
- Laboratoire d'analyses minéralogiques, centre hospitalier St-Joseph et St-Luc, 20, quai Claude-Bernard, 69007 Lyon, France; Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier St-Joseph et St-Luc, 69000 Lyon, France.
| | - M Catinon
- Laboratoire d'analyses minéralogiques, centre hospitalier St-Joseph et St-Luc, 20, quai Claude-Bernard, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - C Chemarin
- Laboratoire d'analyses minéralogiques, centre hospitalier St-Joseph et St-Luc, 20, quai Claude-Bernard, 69007 Lyon, France
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50
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Ardizzone M, Vizio C, Bozzetta E, Pezzolato M, Meistro S, Dondo A, Giorgi I, Seghesio A, Mirabelli D, Capella S, Vigliaturo R, Belluso E. The wild rat as sentinel animal in the environmental risk assessment of asbestos pollution: a pilot study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 479-480:31-38. [PMID: 24531338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos has been banned in many countries, including Italy. However, sources of exposure may still exist, due to asbestos in-situ or past disposal of asbestos-containing waste. In an urban area with past high environmental exposure, like Casale Monferrato, the lung fiber burden in sentinel animals may be useful to identify such sources. A pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of its determination in wild rats, a suitable sentinel species never used before for environmental lung asbestos fiber burden studies. Within the framework of pest control campaigns, 11 adult animals from 3 sites in the urban area of Casale Monferrato and 3 control rats from a different, unexposed town were captured. Further, 3 positive and 3 negative control lung samples were obtained from laboratories involved in breeding programs and conducting experimental studies on rats. Tissue fiber concentration was measured by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. Asbestos (chrysotile and crocidolite) was identified in the lungs from rats from Casale Monferrato, but not in control rats and in negative control lung samples. Asbestos grunerite at high concentration was found in positive control lung samples. Measurement of the lung fiber burden in wild rats has proved feasible: it was possible not only to detect, but also to characterize asbestos fibers both qualitatively and quantitatively. The pilot study provides the rationale for using wild rats as sentinels of the soil contamination level in Casale Monferrato, to identify areas with the possible presence of previously unrecognized asbestos sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Bozzetta
- Histopathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLVA), Torino, Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Histopathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLVA), Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Meistro
- Histopathology Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLVA), Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Animal Diagnostic Department, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLVA), Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giorgi
- Animal Diagnostic Department, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLVA), Torino, Italy
| | | | - Dario Mirabelli
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Torino and CPO Piemonte, Torino, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, Italy
| | - Silvana Capella
- Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, Italy; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | - Elena Belluso
- Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, Italy; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, CNR, Unit of Torino, Italy
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