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Lai PMR, Akama-Garren E, Can A, Tirado SR, Castro VM, Dligach D, Finan S, Gainer VS, Shadick NA, Savova G, Murphy SN, Cai T, Weiss ST, Du R. Family history as the strongest predictor of aortic and peripheral aneurysms in patients with intracranial aneurysms. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 126:128-134. [PMID: 38870642 PMCID: PMC11343447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracranial aneurysms (IA) and aortic aneurysms (AA) are both abnormal dilations of arteries with familial predisposition and have been proposed to share co-prevalence and pathophysiology. Associations of IA and non-aortic peripheral aneurysms are less well-studied. The goal of the study was to understand the patterns of aortic and peripheral (extracranial) aneurysms in patients with IA, and risk factors associated with the development of these aneurysms. METHODS 4701 patients were included in our retrospective analysis of all patients with intracranial aneurysms at our institution over the past 26 years. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and aneurysmal locations were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to study associations with and without extracranial aneurysms. RESULTS A total of 3.4% of patients (161 of 4701) with IA had at least one extracranial aneurysm. 2.8% had thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysms. Age, male sex, hypertension, coronary artery disease, history of ischemic cerebral infarction, connective tissues disease, and family history of extracranial aneurysms in a 1st degree relative were associated with the presence of extracranial aneurysms and a higher number of extracranial aneurysms. In addition, family history of extracranial aneurysms in a second degree relative is associated with the presence of extracranial aneurysms and atrial fibrillation is associated with a higher number of extracranial aneurysms. CONCLUSION Significant comorbidities are associated with extracranial aneurysms in patients with IA. Family history of extracranial aneurysms has the strongest association and suggests that IA patients with a family history of extracranial aneurysms may benefit from screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Man Rosalind Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Elliot Akama-Garren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anil Can
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stroke Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Selena-Rae Tirado
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Victor M Castro
- Research Information Systems and Computing, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dmitriy Dligach
- Department of Computer Science, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sean Finan
- Boston Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vivian S Gainer
- Research Information Systems and Computing, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nancy A Shadick
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guergana Savova
- Boston Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shawn N Murphy
- Research Information Systems and Computing, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rose Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Gao JP, Zhang HP, Wei R, Guo W. A Novel Method for the Rat Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Induced by Retroperitoneal Implantation of an Osmotic Pump System With Lipopolysaccharide. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 101:41-52. [PMID: 38154490 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few methods can cocurrently mimic the pathological characteristics and nature history of human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), especially for the exist of the self-healing tendency of rodents. This study tested a novel method for the AAA rat model induced by retroperitoneal implantation of an osmotic pump system with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) based on the hypothesis that chronic inflammation of perivascular adipose tissue directly influenced the development and progression of AAAs. METHODS 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats (10-month-old) fed with the Paigen diet were randomly divided into 4 groups: the blank group ×2, the sham group ×4, the empty capsule group ×4, and the LPS capsule group ×10. The LPS capsule group received implantations of the ALZET® osmotic pump capsule with LPS (3.6 μg/day) parallel to the abdominal aorta through a retroperitoneal approach. Two weeks later, 6 rats were randomly selected from the LPS capsule group to form the anti-inflammatory group and received implantations of another osmotic pump capsule with interleukin (IL)-10 (75 ng/day) through the same approach. The changes in abdominal aortic diameter were observed by ultrasound every 2 weeks, and samples were harvested for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis 6 weeks later. RESULTS Within the 6 weeks after modeling, the LPS capsule group showed sustained and significant aortic dilatation (P < 0.01), while the anti-inflammatory group showed a rapid and obvious shrinkage 2 weeks after the IL-10 osmotic pump capsule implantation (P < 0.01). The LPS capsule group presented excellent pathological mimicking of human AAAs and showed severe medial degeneration with the least elastic content among the 5 groups at the end of the sixth week (P < 0.05). Notably, the anti-inflammatory group showed perfect medial preservation with the most elastic content (P < 0.05) and the highest elastin/collagen ratio (P < 0.01) at the end of the study. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 and toll-like receptor 2 showed strong expression in the LPS capsule group at the end of the sixth week, which was significantly higher than that in the blank group and sham group. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory group showed a slightly higher MMP9 expression than the LPS capsule group though there was no statistical difference between them. CONCLUSIONS This novel method for the rat AAA model induced by retroperitoneal implantation of an osmotic pump capsule with LPS can concurrently mimic the histological characteristics and natural history of human AAAs. Further studies were needed to improve the osmotic pump system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ping Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Peng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Li J, Liu Y, Wei Z, Cheng J, Wu Y. The occurrence and development of abdominal aortic aneurysm may be related to the energy metabolism disorder and local inflammation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27912. [PMID: 38496900 PMCID: PMC10944252 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The cellular mechanism of the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is very complicated. A series of sophisticated events eventually led to significant pathological changes in the anatomical structure and function of the arterial wall and they are still not clear nowadays. Methods We pooled publicly available GEO datasets (GSE57691 and GSE47472) to get a comprehensive comparisons between normal tissues and AAA tissues to try to reveal molecular mechanism underlying the disease. Total 63 AAA samples and 18 normal tissue samples were compared and we fond that there were 784 significantly different gene (DEGs, threshold set as adjusted P < 0.05 and Log FC < 1) were identified. At the same time, we validate the possible signaling factor expression of AAA by comparing the normal tissue of the human body with the AAA tissue. Results In the pathway enrichment, we found that FOXP3 related signaling pathways, inflammation-related cytokine signaling pathways, interleukin-8-CXCR1 related signaling pathways and VEGFA and FGFR1 related signal pathway were significantly enrichmented. In Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we found that the key hub genes were significantly related to lipid catabolic metabolism, which further verified the possibility that AAA might relate to energy metabolism disorders. Conclusion Based on the comprehensive analysis of previous high-throughput data and the validation of basic experiments, we found that the occurrence of AAA may be related to energy metabolism disorders and local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Endovascular and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhitao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfa Wu
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Yong J, Wang R, Song F, Wang T. The protective effects of pirfenidone in preventing abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23514. [PMID: 37691532 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis participates in the initiation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Pirfenidone is a compound that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and suppresses angiogenesis. Pirfenidone targets the extracellular matrix (ECM) and has therapeutic effects on fibrotic diseases. Therefore, we speculated that pirfenidone might have meaningful therapeutic effects in AAA, and the current study was designed to investigate this capacity. An AAA model was constructed in mice using a long-term injection of angiotensin II (Ang II), followed by a 28-day administration of 200 mg/kg/day pirfenidone. Increased maximal external diameter of the abdominal artery, promoted levels of VEGF-A and its receptor VEGF-R2, upregulated matrix metallopeptidases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and elevated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed in AAA mice, which were extremely repressed by 200 mg/kg pirfenidone. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with Ang II for 1 day, in the presence or absence of pirfenidone (100 nM). Elevated expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-R2, facilitated proliferation, increased tube formation ability, and upregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 were observed in Ang II-stimulated HAECs, all of which were significantly rescued by 100 nM pirfenidone. Finally, the elevated levels of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa-B subunit p65 observed in Ang II-stimulated HAECs were repressed by pirfenidone. Collectively, pirfenidone alleviated AAA by inhibiting ECM degradation and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Fubo Song
- Department of Medical Records Room, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Waldron C, Zafar MA, Ziganshin BA, Weininger G, Grewal N, Elefteriades JA. Evidence Accumulates: Patients with Ascending Aneurysms Are Strongly Protected from Atherosclerotic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15640. [PMID: 37958625 PMCID: PMC10650782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms may be fatal upon rupture or dissection and remain a leading cause of death in the developed world. Understanding the pathophysiology of the development of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms may help reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the protective relationship between ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms and the development of atherosclerosis, including decreased carotid intima-media thickness, low-density lipoprotein levels, coronary and aortic calcification, and incidence of myocardial infarction. We also propose several possible mechanisms driving this relationship, including matrix metalloproteinase proteins and transforming growth factor-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Waldron
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (C.W.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
| | - Mohammad A. Zafar
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (C.W.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
| | - Bulat A. Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (C.W.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gabe Weininger
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (C.W.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
| | - Nimrat Grewal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - John A. Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (C.W.); (M.A.Z.); (B.A.Z.)
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Molecular basis of skin photoaging and therapeutic interventions by plant-derived natural product ingredients: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13580. [PMID: 36895391 PMCID: PMC9988502 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin areas exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from sunlight are more prone to photoaging than unexposed areas evidenced by several signs which include skin dryness, irregular pigmentation, lentigines, hyperpigmentation, wrinkling, and decreased elasticity. Plant-based natural product ingredients with therapeutic potential against skin photoaging are gaining more attention. This article aims the reviewing the research work done in exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in UV-induced skin photoaging, followed by summarizing the mechanistic insights involved in its therapeutics by natural product-based ingredients. In the mechanistic section of the convoluted procedure of photoaging, we described the effect of UV radiation (UVR) on different cellular macromolecules (direct damage) and subsequently, the deleterious consequences of UVR-generated reactive oxygen species (indirect damage) and signaling pathways activated or inhibited by UV induced ROS generation in various cellular pathologies of skin photoaging like inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune suppression. We also discussed the effect of UV radiation on the adipose tissue, and transient receptor potential cation channel V of photoaging skin. In the past few decades, mechanistic studies performed in this area have deciphered various therapeutic targets, opening avenues for different available therapeutic options against this pathological condition. So the remaining portion of the review deals with various natural product-based therapeutic agents available against skin photodamage.
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Arnhold J. Host-Derived Cytotoxic Agents in Chronic Inflammation and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033016. [PMID: 36769331 PMCID: PMC9918110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
At inflammatory sites, cytotoxic agents are released and generated from invading immune cells and damaged tissue cells. The further fate of the inflammation highly depends on the presence of antagonizing principles that are able to inactivate these host-derived cytotoxic agents. As long as the affected tissues are well equipped with ready-to-use protective mechanisms, no damage by cytotoxic agents occurs and resolution of inflammation is initiated. However, long-lasting and severe immune responses can be associated with the decline, exhaustion, or inactivation of selected antagonizing principles. Hence, cytotoxic agents are only partially inactivated and contribute to damage of yet-unperturbed cells. Consequently, a chronic inflammatory process results. In this vicious circle of permanent cell destruction, not only novel cytotoxic elements but also novel alarmins and antigens are liberated from affected cells. In severe cases, very low protection leads to organ failure, sepsis, and septic shock. In this review, the major classes of host-derived cytotoxic agents (reactive species, oxidized heme proteins and free heme, transition metal ions, serine proteases, matrix metalloproteases, and pro-inflammatory peptides), their corresponding protective principles, and resulting implications on the pathogenesis of diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Bararu Bojan (Bararu) I, Pleșoianu CE, Badulescu OV, Vladeanu MC, Badescu MC, Iliescu D, Bojan A, Ciocoiu M. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Involved in Aortic Wall Aneurysm Development. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020253. [PMID: 36673063 PMCID: PMC9858209 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms represent a very common pathology that can affect any segment of the aorta. These types of aneurysms can be localized on the thoracic segment or on the abdominal portion, with the latter being more frequent. Though there are similarities between thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, these pathologies are distinct entities. In this article, we undertook a review regarding the different mechanisms that can lead to the development of aortic aneurysm, and we tried to identify the different manners of treatment. For a long time, aortic wall aneurysms may evolve in an asymptomatic manner, but this progressive dilatation of the aneurysm can lead to a potentially fatal complication consisting in aortic rupture. Because there are limited therapies that may delay or prevent the development of acute aortic syndromes, surgical management remains the most common manner of treatment. Even though, surgical management has improved much in the last years, thus becoming less invasive and sophisticated, the morbi-mortality linked to these therapies remains increased. The identification of the cellular and molecular networks triggering the formation of aneurysm would permit the discovery of modern therapeutic targets. Molecular and cellular mechanisms are gaining a bigger importance in the complex pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms. Future studies must be developed to compare the findings seen in human tissue and animal models of aortic aneurysm, so that clinically relevant conclusions about the aortic aneurysm formation and the pharmacological possibility of pathogenic pathways blockage can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bararu Bojan (Bararu)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Unirii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Pleșoianu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, ‘Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu’ Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.E.P.); (O.V.B.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Oana Viola Badulescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Unirii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.E.P.); (O.V.B.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Maria Cristina Vladeanu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Unirii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.E.P.); (O.V.B.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Dan Iliescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Andrei Bojan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Unirii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Relationship between the Levels of Calprotectin and Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Diameter: A Preliminary Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185448. [PMID: 36143093 PMCID: PMC9501553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the abdominal aorta greater than 50% of the diameter of a healthy aorta. Previous experimental studies confirm the effect of calprotectin (CAL) on the onset of arterial pathology. It has been suggested that low levels of soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) increase levels of cytokines that lead to the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), affecting AAA formation. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of levels of RAGE and CAL with AAA diameter. A group of 32 patients aged 50−75 with diagnosed AAA was enrolled in the study. This group of patients was further divided into three subgroups based on AAA diameter: (1) <4.5 cm, (2) 4.5−5.5 cm, (3) >5.5 cm. Peripheral blood was drawn from all participants on admission to measure the serum CAL and RAGE levels. An enumeration survey was performed three months after AAA surgical treatment. CAL and RAGE plasma levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The median CAL levels were 2273.0 ng/mL before and 1217.0 ng/mL after treatment. There was a statistically significant decrease in CAL levels following the surgical treatment (p = 0.003). The correlation analysis between CAL levels and RAGE levels before and after surgical treatment showed no statistically significant correlations. In addition, there were no statistically significant correlations between CAL and RAGE levels with AAA size. In conclusion, CAL levels appear to be a significant marker in patients with AAA. There is an almost twofold decrease in CAL levels after AAA excision.
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Rastogi V, Stefens SJM, Houwaart J, Verhagen HJM, de Bruin JL, van der Pluijm I, Essers J. Molecular Imaging of Aortic Aneurysm and Its Translational Power for Clinical Risk Assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:814123. [PMID: 35492343 PMCID: PMC9051391 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are dilations of the aorta, that are often fatal upon rupture. Diagnostic radiological techniques such as ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are currently used in clinical practice for early diagnosis as well as clinical follow-up for preemptive surgery of AA and prevention of rupture. However, the contemporary imaging-based risk prediction of aneurysm enlargement or life-threatening aneurysm-rupture remains limited as these are restricted to visual parameters which fail to provide a personalized risk assessment. Therefore, new insights into early diagnostic approaches to detect AA and therefore to prevent aneurysm-rupture are crucial. Multiple new techniques are developed to obtain a more accurate understanding of the biological processes and pathological alterations at a (micro)structural and molecular level of aortic degeneration. Advanced anatomical imaging combined with molecular imaging, such as molecular MRI, or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT provides novel diagnostic approaches for in vivo visualization of targeted biomarkers. This will aid in the understanding of aortic aneurysm disease pathogenesis and insight into the pathways involved, and will thus facilitate early diagnostic analysis of aneurysmal disease. In this study, we reviewed these molecular imaging modalities and their association with aneurysm growth and/or rupture risk and their limitations. Furthermore, we outline recent pre-clinical and clinical developments in molecular imaging of AA and provide future perspectives based on the advancements made within the field. Within the vastness of pre-clinical markers that have been studied in mice, molecular imaging targets such as elastin/collagen, albumin, matrix metalloproteinases and immune cells demonstrate promising results regarding rupture risk assessment within the pre-clinical setting. Subsequently, these markers hold potential as a future diagnosticum of clinical AA assessment. However currently, clinical translation of molecular imaging is still at the onset. Future human trials are required to assess the effectivity of potentially viable molecular markers with various imaging modalities for clinical rupture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinamr Rastogi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne J. M. Stefens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Houwaart
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hence J. M. Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jorg L. de Bruin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen Essers
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11
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Carney S, Broekelmann T, Mecham R, Ramamurthi A. JNK2 Gene Silencing for Elastic Matrix Regenerative Repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:239-253. [PMID: 34409851 PMCID: PMC8972024 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic fibers do not naturally regenerate in many proteolytic disorders, such as in abdominal aortic aneurysms, and prevent restoration of tissue homeostasis. We have shown drug-based attenuation of the stress-activated protein kinase, JNK-2 to stimulate elastic matrix neoassembly and to attenuate cellular proteolytic activity. We now investigate if JNK2 gene knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) provides greater specificity of action and improved regenerative/antiproteolytic outcomes in a proteolytic injury culture model of rat aneurysmal smooth muscle cells (EaRASMCs). A siRNA dose of 12.5 nM delivered with a transfection reagent significantly enhanced downstream elastic fiber assembly and maturation versus untreated EaRASMC cultures. The optimal siRNA dose was also delivered as a complex with a polymeric transfection vector, polyethyleneimine (PEI) in preparation for future in vivo delivery. Linear 25 kDa PEI-siRNA (5:1 molar ratio of amine to phosphate) and linear 40 kDa PEI-siRNA (2.5:1 ratio) were effective in downregulating the JNK2 gene, and significantly increasing expression of elastic fiber assembly proteins, and decreases in elastolytic matrix metalloprotease-2 versus treatment controls to significantly increase mature elastic fiber assembly. The current work has identified siRNA dosing and siRNA-PEI complexing conditions that are safe and efficient in stimulating processes contributing to improved elastic matrix neoassembly via JNK2 gene knockdown. The results represent a mechanistic basis of a broader therapeutic approach to reverse elastic matrix pathophysiology in tissue disorders involving aberrations of elastic matrix homeostasis, such as in aortic aneurysms. Impact statement The elastic matrix and elastic fibers are key components of the structural extracellular matrix of elastic tissues and are essential to their stretch and recoil and to maintain healthy cell phenotype. Regeneration and repair of elastic matrix is naturally poor and impaired and is an unresolved challenge in tissue engineering. In this work, we investigate a novel gene silencing approach based on inhibiting the JNK2 gene, which provides significant downstream benefits to elastic fiber assembly and maturation. Combined with novel delivery strategies such as nanoparticles, we expect our approach to effect in situ elastic matrix repair in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tom Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
- Address correspondence to: Anand Ramamurthi, PhD, FAHA, Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Drive, D-331, Bethlehem, PA 18902, USA
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12
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Photodynamic therapy during second surgery for recurrent gliomas improves survival. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Skotsimara G, Antonopoulos A, Oikonomou E, Papastamos C, Siasos G, Tousoulis D. Aortic Wall Inflammation in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms. Inflammation 2022; 45:965-976. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Tian F, Ma L, Zhao R, Ji L, Wang X, Sun W, Jiang Y. Correlation Between Matrix Metalloproteinases With Coronary Artery Lesion Caused by Kawasaki Disease. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:802217. [PMID: 35223694 PMCID: PMC8874123 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.802217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to clarify the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in coronary artery lesions (CAL). Serum samples were acquired from healthy, febrile, and Kawasaki disease (KD) children with or without CAL. Standard blood parameters were examined and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was conducted on the KD patients and the changes of MMPs before and after treatment were compared. The correlations between MMP levels and clinical parameters were also evaluated. Compared to febrile and healthy controls, KD patients demonstrated clinical signs characteristic of abnormal immunoregulation. However, the clinical parameters of KD patients with or without CAL were not significantly different. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels, however, were significantly higher in KD patients with CAL than those without CAL. IVIG treatment effectively downregulated the levels of MMPs in KD patients, which was more prominent in those with CAL. Significant correlations were found between MMP levels and some clinical parameters of KD, such as fever time, white blood cell count, etc. The upregulation of MMPs significantly correlates with coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) in KD patients, making it important biomarkers of CAL in KD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- Heart Center of Women and Children Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Linxi Ma
- Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Nanchang, China
| | - Renbing Zhao
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Lijuan Ji
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xiufen Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Wenli Sun
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo, China
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15
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Expression gradient of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors from proximal to distal segments of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:499-506. [PMID: 34091862 PMCID: PMC8357691 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm refers to abnormal, asymmetric distension of the infrarenal aortic wall due to pathological remodelling of the extracellular matrix. The distribution of enzymes remodelling the extracellular matrix and their expression patterns in the affected tissue are largely unknown. The goal of this work was to investigate the expression profiles of 20 selected genes coding for metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the proximal to the distal direction of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. RNA samples were purified from four lengthwise fragments of aneurysm and border tissue obtained from 29 patients. The quantities of selected mRNAs were determined by real-time PCR to reveal the expression patterns. The genes of interest encode collagenases (MMP1, MMP8, MMP13), gelatinases (MMP2, MMP9), stromelysins (MMP3, MMP7, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12), membrane-type MMPs (MMP14, MMP15, MMP16), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3, TIMP4), and ADAMTS proteinases (ADAMTS1, ADAMTS8, and ADAMTS13). It was found that MMP, TIMP, and ADAMTS are expressed in all parts of the aneurysm with different patterns. A developed aneurysm has such a disturbed expression of the main participants in extracellular matrix remodelling that it is difficult to infer the causes of the disorder development. MMP12 secreted by macrophages at the onset of inflammation may initiate extracellular matrix remodelling, which, if not controlled, initiates a feedback loop leading to aneurysm formation.
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16
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Fang L, Ohashi K, Otaka N, Ogawa H, Hiramatsu-Ito M, Kawanishi H, Bando YK, Shibata R, Shimizu Y, Kato K, Takikawa T, Ozaki Y, Takefuji M, Murohara T, Ouchi N. Omentin attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein-E knockout mice. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1597-1610. [PMID: 34051089 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an increasing and life-threatening disease. Obesity contributes to an increased risk of AAA. Omentin is a circulating adipokine, which is downregulated in obese complications. Here we examined whether omentin could modulate angiotensin (Ang) II-induced AAA formation in apolipoprotein-E knockout (apoE-KO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-KO mice were crossed with transgenic mice expressing the human omentin gene in fat tissue (OMT-Tg mice) to generate ApoE-KO/OMT-Tg mice. ApoE-KO/OMT-Tg and apoE-KO mice were subjected to continuous Ang II infusion by using osmotic mini pumps. ApoE-KO/OMT-Tg mice exhibited a lower incidence of AAA formation and a reduced maximal diameter of AAA compared with apo-E KO mice. ApoE-KO/OMT-Tg mice showed attenuated disruption of medial elastic fibers in response to Ang II compared with apo-E KO mice. ApoE-KO/OMT-Tg mice also displayed reduced expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, MMP2 and pro-inflammatory genes in aortic walls compared with apo-E KO mice. Furthermore, systemic administration of omentin also attenuated AAA formation and disruption of medial elastic fibers in response to Ang II in apoE-KO mice. Treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages with omentin protein attenuated expression of MMP9 and pro-inflammatory mediators, and MMP9 activation after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment of human vascular smooth muscle cells with omentin protein reduced expression and activation of MMP2 after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor α. Omentin treatment increased phosphorylation levels of Akt in human macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. The suppressive effects of omentin on MMP9 and MMP2 expression were reversed by inhibition of integrin-αVβ3/PI3-kinase/Akt signaling in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that omentin acts as an adipokine that can attenuate Ang II-induced development of AAA through suppression of MMP9 and MMP2 expression and inflammatory response in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoya Otaka
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroshi Kawanishi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuko K Bando
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomonobu Takikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuta Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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17
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Paghdar S, Khan TM, Patel NP, Chandrasekaran S, De Sousa JFM, Tsouklidis N. Doxycycline Therapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Inhibitory Effect on Matrix Metalloproteinases. Cureus 2021; 13:e14966. [PMID: 34123662 PMCID: PMC8191685 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening condition associated with smoking, aging, atherosclerosis, and destruction of the connective tissue in the abdominal aortic wall. Disturbances in the synthesis and degradation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) have been known to contribute to the development of AAAs. The only available treatment of AAA is surgical repair. Doxycycline, a tetracycline analog, is thought to have an inhibitory effect on MMPs. Knowing the effect of doxycycline, there may be some favorable effects of the drug to reduce the growth of small AAAs and avoid the need for invasive treatment. This article aims to determine the relationship between doxycycline and the MMPs to prevent the growth of small AAAs. We conducted our review using online resources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, The Journal of Vascular Surgery, and ResearchGate. The result of our study supports the effect of doxycycline in preventing the growth of small AAAs. We conclude that therapeutic treatment with doxycycline in patients with small AAAs can prevent the growth of aneurysms, life-threatening aneurysm rupture, and reduce the need for expensive, invasive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit Paghdar
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), Surat, IND
| | - Taheseen M Khan
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nishant P Patel
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Surat, Surat, IND.,Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Savitri Chandrasekaran
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Joaquim Francisco Maria De Sousa
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Surgery, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere, IND.,Emergency Medicine, Healthway Hospital, Panaji, IND
| | - Nicholas Tsouklidis
- Health Care Administration, University of Cincinnati Health, Cincinnati, USA.,Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Medicine, Atlantic University School of Medicine, Gros Islet, LCA
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18
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Effect of Doxycycline on Survival in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in a Mouse Model. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 2021:9999847. [PMID: 34007253 PMCID: PMC8099506 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9999847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, there is no reliable nonsurgical treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study, therefore, investigates if doxycycline reduces AAA growth and the number of rupture-related deaths in a murine ApoE-/- model of AAA and whether gadofosveset trisodium-based MRI differs between animals with and without doxycycline treatment. Methods Nine ApoE-/- mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps continuously releasing angiotensin II and treated with doxycycline (30 mg/kg/d) in parallel. After four weeks, MRI was performed at 3T with a clinical dose of the albumin-binding probe gadofosveset (0.03 mmol/kg). Results were compared with previously published wild-type control animals and with previously studied ApoE-/- animals without doxycycline treatment. Differences in mortality were also investigated between these groups. Results In a previous study, we found that approximately 25% of angiotensin II-infused ApoE-/- mice died, whereas in the present study, only one out of 9 angiotensin II-infused and doxycycline-treated ApoE-/- mice (11.1%) died within 4 weeks. Furthermore, doxycycline-treated ApoE-/- mice showed significantly lower contrast-to-noise (CNR) values (p=0.017) in MRI compared to ApoE-/- mice without doxycycline treatment. In vivo measurements of relative signal enhancement (CNR) correlated significantly with ex vivo measurements of albumin staining (R 2 = 0.58). In addition, a strong visual colocalization of albumin-positive areas in the fluorescence albumin staining with gadolinium distribution in LA-ICP-MS was shown. However, no significant difference in aneurysm size was observed after doxycycline treatment. Conclusion The present experimental in vivo study suggests that doxycycline treatment may reduce rupture-related deaths in AAA by slowing endothelial damage without reversing aneurysm growth.
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19
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XIST knockdown suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating miR-1264/WNT5A/β-catenin signaling in aneurysm. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227680. [PMID: 33501488 PMCID: PMC7960886 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been ascertained as vital modulators in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. In this research, the function and molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in the evolution of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were assessed. Results showed that XIST expression was increased but miR-1264 expression level was reduced in the serum of AAA patients. XIST depletion impeded human aorta VSMCs (HA-VSMCs’) ability to proliferate and stimulate apoptosis, while repressing miR-1264 expression through an unmediated interaction. Additionally, the influence of XIST knockdown on apoptosis and proliferation could be rescued by an miR-1264 inhibitor. Subsequent molecular investigations indicated that WNT5A was miR-1264’s target, and XIST functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-1264 to raise WNT5A expression. Further, an miR-1264 inhibitor stimulated the proliferation and suppressed the apoptosis of HA-VSMCs through the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, XIST impeded the apoptosis and stimulated the proliferation of HA-VSMCs via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway through miR-1264, demonstrating XIST’s underlying role in AAA.
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20
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Yap ZJ, Sharif M, Bashir M. Is there an immunogenomic difference between thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms? J Card Surg 2021; 36:1520-1530. [PMID: 33604952 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Aortic aneurysms most commonly occur in the infra-renal and proximal thoracic regions. While generally asymptomatic, progressive aneurysmal dilation can become rapidly lethal when dissection or ruptures occurs, highlighting the need for more robust screening. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is more prevalent compared to thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). The true incidence of TAA is underreported due to the absence of population screening and the silent nature of TAA. To achieve the optimum survival rate in aortic aneurysms, knowledge of natural course, genetic association, and surgical results are needed to be applied with adequate medical treatment and careful selection of patients for operation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on natural history, immunology, and genetic differences between thoracic and AAAs. METHOD The literature was collected from OVID, SCOPUS, and PubMed. RESULTS (1) AAA expands faster than TAA. AAA expands at approximately 0.3-0.45 cm annually, depending on various factors (advancing age, diameter of aorta, smoking etc.). TAA expands up to 0.3 cm annually in a non-bicuspid aortic valve patient. (2) An increase in Matrix metallopeptidase 1, 2, 9, 12, 14 led to degrading extracellular matrix of the aortic vessel wall. This significantly contributed to the pathogenesis in AAA, whereas overactive Transforming growth factor-beta played a major role in the pathogenesis of TAA. CONCLUSION In the future, genetic testing may be the gold standard for tackling the geneticheterogeneity of aneurysms, therefore, identifying at-risk individuals developing TAA andAAA earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jiun Yap
- Department of Anaesthetic, Dorset County Hospital, Dorset, England
| | - Monira Sharif
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Mohamad Bashir
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Blackburn, England
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21
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Sajeesh S, Broekelman T, Mecham RP, Ramamurthi A. Stem cell derived extracellular vesicles for vascular elastic matrix regenerative repair. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:267-278. [PMID: 32645438 PMCID: PMC10755342 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are localized expansions of the abdominal aorta that develop due to chronic proteolytic disruption of the structural extracellular matrix (ECM) components (elastin and collagen) within the aorta wall. Major limitations in arresting or reversing AAAs lie in naturally poor and aberrant regeneration and repair of elastic matrix structures in the aorta wall. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have emerged as a promising regenerative tool and their therapeutic effects are also known to be effected through their paracrine secretions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in these secretions have emerged as critical cellular component in facilitating many therapeutic benefits of MSCs. EV treatment is thus potentially appealing as a stem cell-inspired cell-free approach to avoid possible phenotypic plasticity of MSCs in vivo. In this study, we investigated the thus far unknown effects of BM-MSC derived EVs on vascular elastic matrix repair in the context of AAA treatment. EVs isolated from BM-MSC source were characterized and their pro-regenerative and their anti-proteolytic effects were evaluated on our established in vitro experimental conditions derived from AAA rat model. Our studies revealed the efficacy of BM-MSC derived EVs in attenuating the proteolytic activity and also in imparting elastic matrix regenerative benefits under aneurysmal environment. Interestingly, compared to cell culture conditioned media (CCM), EVs demonstrated superior regenerative and anti-proteolytic benefits in a proteolytic injury culture model of AAA. From these studies, it appears that EVs derived from BM-MSCs could be beneficial in undertaking a reparative effort in AAA induced degeneration of vascular tissue. Statement of Significance Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are localized, rupture-prone expansions of the aorta which result from loss of wall flexibility due to enzymatic breakdown of elastic fibers. There are no established alternatives to surgery, which possess high risk for the mostly elderly patients. Our previous studies have established the elastic regenerative and reparative effect of cell culture secretions derived from adult stem cell source. In this study, we propose to isolate extracellular vesicles (exosomes) from these secretions and evaluate their regenerative benefits in AAA smooth muscle cell culture model. This simple and innovative treatment approach has the potential to arrest or reverse AAA growth to rupture, not possible so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sajeesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Thomas Broekelman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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22
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Gurung R, Choong AM, Woo CC, Foo R, Sorokin V. Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176334. [PMID: 32878347 PMCID: PMC7504666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to the localized dilatation of the infra-renal aorta, in which the diameter exceeds 3.0 cm. Loss of vascular smooth muscle cells, degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress are hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis and contribute to the progressive thinning of the media and adventitia of the aortic wall. With increasing AAA diameter, and left untreated, aortic rupture ensues with high mortality. Collective evidence of recent genetic and epigenetic studies has shown that phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) towards dedifferentiation and proliferative state, which associate with the ECM remodeling of the vascular wall and accompanied with increased cell senescence and inflammation, is seen in in vitro and in vivo models of the disease. This review critically analyses existing publications on the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the complex role of SMCs within the aortic wall in AAA formation and reflects the importance of SMCs plasticity in AAA formation. Although evidence from the wide variety of mouse models is convincing, how this knowledge is applied to human biology needs to be addressed urgently leveraging modern in vitro and in vivo experimental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijan Gurung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Andrew Mark Choong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chin Cheng Woo
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Vitaly Sorokin
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6779-5555
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Hyperlipidemia does not affect development of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. Atherosclerosis 2020; 311:73-83. [PMID: 32949946 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperlipidemia is a suggested risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, whether hyperlipidemia is causally involved in AAA progression remains elusive. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hyperlipidemia aggravates AAA formation in the widely used porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) model of AAA in mice with varying levels of plasma lipids. METHODS Prior to PPE-surgery, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 32) received 1·1011 viral genomes of rAAV8-D377Y-mPcsk9 or control rAAV8 via the tail vein. Mice were fed either western type diet or regular chow. At baseline and during the 28 days following PPE-surgery, mice underwent weekly ultrasonic assessment of AAA progression. Experiments were repeated using Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice (n = 7) and wildtype C57BL/6J mice (n = 5). RESULTS At sacrifice, maximal intergroup plasma cholesterol and non-HDL/HDL ratio differences were >5-fold and >20-fold, respectively. AAA diameters expanded to 150% of baseline, but no intergroup differences were detected. This was verified in an independent experiment comparing 8-week-old male ApoE-/- mice with wildtype mice. Histological evaluation of experimental AAA lesions revealed accumulated lipid in neointimal and medial layers, and analysis of human AAA lesions (n = 5) obtained from open repair showed medial lipid deposition. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we find that lipid deposition in the aortic wall is a feature of PPE-induced AAA in mice as well as human AAA lesions. Despite, our data do not support the hypothesis that hyperlipidemia contributes to AAA progression.
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24
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Chang Z, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Lu H, Xiong W, Liang W, Sun J, Wang H, Zhu T, Rom O, Guo Y, Fan Y, Chang L, Yang B, Garcia-Barrio MT, Lin JD, Chen YE, Zhang J. BAF60a Deficiency in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Prevents Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Reducing Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Degradation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2494-2507. [PMID: 32787523 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, there are no approved drugs for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treatment, likely due to limited understanding of the primary molecular mechanisms underlying AAA development and progression. BAF60a-a unique subunit of the SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose nonfermentable) chromatin remodeling complex-is a novel regulator of metabolic homeostasis, yet little is known about its function in the vasculature and pathogenesis of AAA. In this study, we sought to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific BAF60a in AAA formation. Approach and Results: BAF60a is upregulated in human and experimental murine AAA lesions. In vivo studies revealed that VSMC-specific knockout of BAF60a protected mice from both Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced and elastase-induced AAA formation with significant suppression of vascular inflammation, monocyte infiltration, and elastin fragmentation. Through RNA sequencing and pathway analysis, we found that the expression of inflammatory response genes in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells was significantly downregulated by small interfering RNA-mediated BAF60a knockdown while upregulated upon adenovirus-mediated BAF60a overexpression. BAF60a regulates VSMC inflammation by recruiting BRG1 (Brahma-related gene-1)-a catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complex-to the promoter region of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) target genes. Furthermore, loss of BAF60a in VSMCs prevented the upregulation of the proteolytic enzyme cysteine protease CTSS (cathepsin S), thus ameliorating ECM (extracellular matrix) degradation within the vascular wall in AAA. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that BAF60a is required to recruit the SWI/SNF complex to facilitate the epigenetic regulation of VSMC inflammation, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target in preventing and treating AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology (Z.C.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Wenhao Xiong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Jinjian Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.S.), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (B.Y.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.D.L.)
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center (Z.C., G.Z., Y.Z., H.L., W.X., W.L., J.S., H.W., T.Z., O.R., Y.G., Y.F., L.C., M.T.G.-B., Y.E.C., J.Z.), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
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25
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Schmid BP, Polsin LLM, Menezes FH. Dilatation of Aortic Neck and Common Iliac Arteries after Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Long-Term Follow-Up According to Aortic Reconstruction Configuration. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 69:345-351. [PMID: 32504789 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies in the literature report continued proximal aorta and distal iliac artery dilatation after surgical correction of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate these findings, in a South American population, and relate them to the type of configuration of the open procedure aortic reconstruction. METHODS This is a retrospective review of ultrasonographic follow-up of patients submitted to open repair of AAA from 1989 to 2013, reporting proximal aorta dilatation (≥3 cm) and distal iliac artery dilatation (≥1.5 cm). RESULTS A total of 155 patients were included. Life-table freedom at the intervals 11 < 15 years and ≥15 years were 47% and 23% for proximal dilatation and 63% and 38% for distal iliac arteries dilatation, respectively. There were more proximal and distal dilatations in patients submitted to more extensive aortic reconstructions (aorto-aortic 13% and 22% vs aorto-bilateral common iliacs 27% and 8% vs aorto-unilateral or bilateral external iliacs 27% and 32% and aorto-femoral 67% and 0%) P < 0.0001. Juxtarenal anastomosis was also correlated with more proximal dilatations (42% vs 21%, P = 0,046). There were two proximal and three distal anastomosis pseudoaneurysms. CONCLUSIONS The presence of more extensive degenerative disease at the time of operation, requiring juxtarenal or more distal iliac reconstructions, may pose an increased risk of proximal aorta and iliac artery dilatation during follow-up. This study corroborates that significant changes are found after 7 to 10 years of the operation, reinforcing the need for long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pagnin Schmid
- Discipline of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of Clinics of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Fábio Hüsemann Menezes
- Discipline of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of Clinics of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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26
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Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Bartimoccia S, Castellani V, Loffredo L, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Sanguigni V, Violi F, Carnevale R. A novel role of MMP2 in regulating platelet NOX2 activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:355-362. [PMID: 32268176 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NOX2 has a key role for cellular production of reactive oxidant species (ROS) and although the mechanism of its activation is well known, little is known about its regulation. Metallo-proteinases (MMPs) regulate numerous protein activities both in physiological and pathological conditions but their interplay with NOX2 and ROS formation is still unclear. We performed experimental studies in human platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to investigate the interplay of MMP2 with NOX2 activity. In collagen-stimulated platelets and in PMA-stimulated PMNs from healthy subjects, an immediate burst of ROS was detected at 10 min to then decline at 20 min. Coincidentally, sNOX2-dp, a split-off product of NOX2, increased and peaked at 10 min. ROS production was persistent whereas sNOX2dp is not released in cells treated with MMP2 inhibitor compared to other MMPs inhibitors. Western blot analysis showed the highest MMP2 expression on the cell membrane 10 min after stimulation. Moreover, the co-immunoprecipitation assay confirms the interaction between MMP2 and NOX2 that formed an active immuno-complex. Treating cells with NOX2ds-tat, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, significantly reduced ROS formation, sNOX2-dp, MMP2 expression and MMP2-NOX2-complex, which were all restored if cells were added with H2O2. The study provides the first evidence that MMP2 has a key role in blunting platelet NOX2 activity and eventually ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valerio Sanguigni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Mediterranea, Cardiocentro, 80122, Napoli, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100, Latina, Italy.
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27
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Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are a common vascular disease in Western populations that can involve virtually any portion of the aorta. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are much more common than thoracic aortic aneurysms and combined they account for >25 000 deaths in the United States annually. Although thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms share some common characteristics, including the gross anatomic appearance, alterations in extracellular matrix, and loss of smooth muscle cells, they are distinct diseases. In recent years, advances in genetic analysis, robust molecular tools, and increased availability of animal models have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms. This review examines the various proposed cellular mechanisms responsible for aortic aneurysm formation and identifies opportunities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Alain Quintana
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.A.Q., W.R.T.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.A.Q., W.R.T.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology (W.R.T.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Division of Cardiology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (W.R.T.)
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28
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Dupuis LE, Nelson EL, Hozik B, Porto SC, Rogers-DeCotes A, Fosang A, Kern CB. Adamts5-/- Mice Exhibit Altered Aggrecan Proteolytic Profiles That Correlate With Ascending Aortic Anomalies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2067-2081. [PMID: 31366218 PMCID: PMC6761016 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the requirement of Aggrecan (Acan) cleavage during aortic wall development in a murine model with ADAMTS (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin-type motifs) 5 deficiency and bicuspid aortic valves. APPROACH Mice with altered extracellular matrix remodeling of proteoglycans will be examined for anomalies in ascending aortic wall development. Neo-epitope antibodies that recognize ADAMTS cleaved Acan fragments will be used to investigate the mechanistic requirement of Acan turnover, in aortic wall development. RESULTS Adamts5-/-;Smad2+/- mice exhibited a high penetrance of aortic anomalies (n=17/17); Adamts5-/-;Smad2+/- mice with bicuspid aortic valves (7/17) showed a higher number of anomalies than Adamts5-/-;Smad2+/- mice with tricuspid aortic valves. Single mutant Adamts5-/- mice also displayed a high penetrance of aortic anomalies (n=19/19) compared with wild type (n=1/11). Aortic anomalies correlated with Acan accumulation that was apparent at the onset of elastogenesis in Adamts5-/- mice. Neo-epitope antibodies that recognize the initial amino acids in the Acan cleaved fragments neo-FREEE, neo-GLGS, and neo-SSELE were increased in the Adamts5-/- aortas compared with WT. Conversely, neo-TEGE, which recognizes highly digested Acan core fragments, was reduced in Adamts5-/- mice. However, mice containing a mutation in the TEGE373↓374ALGSV site, rendering it noncleavable, had low penetrance of aortic anomalies (n=2/4). Acan neo-DIPEN and neo-FFGVG fragments were observed in the aortic adventitia; Acan neo-FFGVG was increased abnormally in the medial layer and overlapped with smooth muscle cell loss in Adamts5-/- aortas. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of ADAMTS5 Acan cleavage during development correlates with ascending aortic anomalies. These data indicate that the mechanism of ADAMTS5 Acan cleavage may be critical for normal aortic wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren E. Dupuis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - E. Lockett Nelson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - Brittany Hozik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Porto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - Alexandra Rogers-DeCotes
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - Amanda Fosang
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Christine B. Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
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29
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Cheng J, Zhang R, Li C, Tao H, Dou Y, Wang Y, Hu H, Zhang J. A Targeting Nanotherapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:2591-2605. [PMID: 30466517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. Currently, there remain no effective drugs that can prevent the growth of aneurysms and delay aneurysm rupture in the clinical setting. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a nanotherapy that can target aneurysms and release drug molecules in response to the inflammatory microenvironment. METHODS Using a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticle and a candidate drug rapamycin, in combination with a peptide ligand for integrin and biomimetic cloaking with macrophage cell membrane, a nanotherapy was developed. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Based on a facile and translational method, a rapamycin-loaded responsive nanotherapy was successfully prepared, which could release drug molecules upon triggering by the high level of ROS. In cells associated with the development of AAAs, the nanotherapy significantly inhibited calcification and attenuated ROS-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis. By passively targeting aneurysms and releasing drug molecules in response to the inflammatory microenvironment, the intravenously injected ROS-responsive nanotherapy more effectively prevented aneurysm expansion in AAA rats than a nonresponsive control nanotherapy. After decoration with a peptide ligand cRGDfK and macrophage cell membrane, the aneurysmal targeting capability and therapeutic effects of a ROS-responsive nanotherapy with a mean diameter of 190 nm were further enhanced. Moreover, the nanotherapy showed a good safety profile in a preliminary safety test. CONCLUSIONS The multifunctional nanotherapy can be further studied as a promising targeted drug for treatment of aneurysms. The underlying design principles enable the development of a broad range of nanomedicines for targeted therapy of other vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuquan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houyuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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30
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Zhao L, Ouyang Y, Bai Y, Gong J, Liao H. miR-155-5p inhibits the viability of vascular smooth muscle cell via targeting FOS and ZIC3 to promote aneurysm formation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:145-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Wang Y, Chen C, Wang Q, Cao Y, Xu L, Qi R. Inhibitory effects of cycloastragenol on abdominal aortic aneurysm and its related mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:282-296. [PMID: 30302749 PMCID: PMC6295405 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease affecting human health, but there are no safe and effective medications for AAA therapy. Cycloastragenol (CAG), derived from Astragali Radix, has various pharmacological effects. However, whether CAG can protect against AAA remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether CAG has an inhibitory effect on AAA and its related mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The AAA mouse model was induced by incubating the abdominal aorta with elastase. CAG was administered by gavage at different doses beginning on the same day or 14 days after inducing AAA to explore its preventive or therapeutic effects respectively. The preventive effects of CAG on AAA were verified in another AAA mouse model induced by angiotensin II in ApoE-/- mouse. In vitro experiments were implemented on rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by TNF-α. KEY RESULTS Compared to the control AAA model group, CAG (125 mg·kg-1 body weight day-1 ) reduced the incidence of AAA, the dilatation of aorta and elastin degradation in media in both mouse models of AAA. CAG suppressed the inflammation, oxidation, phenotype switch and apoptosis in TNF-α-stimulated VSMCs, ameliorated the expression and activity of MMPs and decreased the activation of the ERK/JNK signalling pathway. CAG also inhibited the degradation of elastin in TNF-α-stimulated VSMCs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CAG presents protective effects against AAA through down-regulation of the MAPK signalling pathways and thus attenuates inflammation, oxidation, VSMC phenotype switch and apoptosis and the expression of MMPs as well as increasing elastin biosynthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Conformation
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pancreatic Elastase/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sapogenins/administration & dosage
- Sapogenins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Qinyu Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Yini Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Lu Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
| | - Rong Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsBeijingChina
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32
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Salhi L, Rompen E, Sakalihasan N, Laleman I, Teughels W, Michel JB, Lambert F. Can Periodontitis Influence the Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm? A Systematic Review. Angiology 2018; 70:479-491. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319718821243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salhi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Rompen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natzi Sakalihasan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Surgical Research Centre, GIGA-Cardiovascular Science Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Periodontology, Research Group for Microbial Adhesion, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- DRE Laboratory for Translational Vascular Science, Inserm Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - France Lambert
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit, Head of Clinic, Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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33
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Kurianiuk A, Socha K, Gacko M, Błachnio-Zabielska A, Karwowska A. The Relationship between the Concentration of Cathepsin A, D, and E and the Concentration of Copper and Zinc, and the Size of the Aneurysmal Enlargement in the Wall of the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Ann Vasc Surg 2018; 55:182-188. [PMID: 30278264 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in diagnostics and treatment, aortic aneurysms are an important clinical problem, mainly due to the accompanying complications that may lead to direct loss of life, also the number of diagnosed and operated aneurysms is constantly increasing. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the concentration of lysosomal peptidases cathepsin A, D, and E in the wall of the abdominal aortic aneurysm and the concentration of copper and zinc, and the size of the aneurysm widening in the wall of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHODS The study included 27 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm from the Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation of the University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok. The research material was the wall of the abdominal aortic aneurysm collected intraoperatively. The control material consisted of fragments of the abdominal aorta obtained from organ donors for transplantation. The concentration of cathepsin A, D, and E was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Concentrations of copper and zinc were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after prior mineralization of the samples. All patients were interviewed and asked about basic demographic data, comorbidities, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease to which they were exposed in the past. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 statistical package. Mann-Whitney U-tests were used and also Spearman's r correlation assuming a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS The concentration of cathepsin A, D, and E was higher in the aortic wall altered by the aneurysm than in the wall of the control aorta (P < 0.05). The analysis of the data showed that there was a positive correlation between the concentration of cathepsin A and D and the width of the aneurysmal widening (r = 0.699 and 0.750, respectively). There was no correlation between cathepsin E concentration and aneurysm width. CONCLUSIONS The higher contents of cathepsin A, D, and E in the wall of the aortic aneurysm than in the normal aortic wall, as well as a positive correlation between the concentration of cathepsin A and D and the width of the aneurysmal widening, allow to assume the participation of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of the aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kurianiuk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Gacko
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Karwowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Gallium-68: methodology and novel radiotracers for positron emission tomography (2012–2017). Pharm Pat Anal 2018; 7:193-227. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Commercial 68Ge/68Ga generators provide a means to produce positron emission tomography agents on site without use of a cyclotron. This development has led to a rapid growth of academic literature and patents ongallium-68 (68Ga). As 68Ga positron emission tomography agents usually involve a targeting moiety attached to a metal chelator, the development lends itself to the investigation of theragnostic applications; the 68Ga-based diagnostic is utilized to determine if the biological target is present and, if so, a therapeutic isotope (e.g., 177Lu, 225Ac) can be complexed with the same scaffold to generate a corresponding radiotherapeutic. This review considers patents issued between 2012 and 2017 that contain a 68Ga-labeled molecule indexed by Chemical Abstract Services (a division of the American Chemical Society).
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Carino D, Sarac TP, Ziganshin BA, Elefteriades JA. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Evolving Controversies and Uncertainties. Int J Angiol 2018; 27:58-80. [PMID: 29896039 PMCID: PMC5995687 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds 3 cm. Most AAAs arise in the portion of abdominal aorta distal to the renal arteries and are defined as infrarenal. Most AAAs are totally asymptomatic until catastrophic rupture. The strongest predictor of AAA rupture is the diameter. Surgery is indicated to prevent rupture when the risk of rupture exceeds the risk of surgery. In this review, we aim to analyze this disease comprehensively, starting from an epidemiological perspective, exploring etiology and pathophysiology, and concluding with surgical controversies. We will pursue these goals by addressing eight specific questions regarding AAA: (1) Is the incidence of AAA increasing? (2) Are ultrasound screening programs for AAA effective? (3) What causes AAA: Genes versus environment? (4) Animal models: Are they really relevant? (5) What pathophysiology leads to AAA? (6) Indications for AAA surgery: Are surgeons over-eager to operate? (7) Elective AAA repair: Open or endovascular? (8) Emergency AAA repair: Open or endovascular?
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carino
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Timur P. Sarac
- Section of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bulat A. Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgical Diseases # 2, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - John A. Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Seto SW, Chang D, Kiat H, Wang N, Bensoussan A. Chinese Herbal Medicine as a Potential Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:33. [PMID: 29732374 PMCID: PMC5919947 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an irreversible condition where the abdominal aorta is dilated leading to potentially fatal consequence of aortic rupture. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of AAA, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) apoptosis, immune cell infiltration and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Currently surgical therapies, including minimally invasive endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), are the only viable interventions for AAAs. However, these treatments are not appropriate for the majority of AAAs, which measure <50 mm. Substantial effort has been invested to identify and develop pharmaceutical treatments such as statins and doxycycline for this potentially lethal condition but these interventions failed to offer a cure or to retard the progression of AAA. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used for the management of cardiovascular diseases for thousands of years in China and other Asian countries. The unique multi-component and multi-target property of CHMs makes it a potentially ideal therapy for multifactorial diseases such as AAA. In this review, we review the current scientific evidence to support the use of CHMs for the treatment of AAA. Mechanisms of action underlying the effects of CHMs on AAA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang Seto
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ning Wang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Umebayashi R, Uchida HA, Kakio Y, Subramanian V, Daugherty A, Wada J. Cilostazol Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms but Not Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:903-912. [PMID: 29437572 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta associated with rupture, which frequently results in fatal consequences. AAA tissue is commonly characterized by localized structural deterioration accompanied with inflammation and profound accumulation of leukocytes, although the specific function of these cells is unknown. Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, is commonly used for patients with peripheral vascular disease or stroke because of its anti-platelet aggregation effect and anti-inflammatory effect, which is vasoprotective effect. In this study, we evaluated the effects of cilostazol on angiotensin II-induced AAA formation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed either normal diet or a diet containing cilostazol (0.1% wt/wt). After 1 week of diet consumption, mice were infused with angiotensin II (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 4 weeks. Angiotensin II infusion increased maximal diameters of abdominal aortas, whereas cilostazol administration significantly attenuated dilatation of abdominal aortas, thereby, reducing AAA incidence. Cilostazol also reduced macrophage accumulation, matrix metalloproteinases activation, and inflammatory gene expression in the aortic media. In cultured vascular endothelial cells, cilostazol reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesive molecules through activation of the cAMP-PKA (protein kinase A) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Cilostazol attenuated angiotensin II-induced AAA formation by its anti-inflammatory effect through phosphodiesterase III inhibition in the aortic wall. Cilostazol may be a promising new therapeutic option for AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Umebayashi
- From the Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (R.U., H.A.U., Y.K., J.W.) and Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease (H.A.U.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan; and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (V.S., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (V.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Haruhito A Uchida
- From the Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (R.U., H.A.U., Y.K., J.W.) and Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease (H.A.U.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan; and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (V.S., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (V.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington.
| | - Yuki Kakio
- From the Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (R.U., H.A.U., Y.K., J.W.) and Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease (H.A.U.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan; and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (V.S., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (V.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Venkateswaran Subramanian
- From the Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (R.U., H.A.U., Y.K., J.W.) and Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease (H.A.U.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan; and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (V.S., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (V.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (R.U., H.A.U., Y.K., J.W.) and Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease (H.A.U.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan; and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (V.S., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (V.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Jun Wada
- From the Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (R.U., H.A.U., Y.K., J.W.) and Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease (H.A.U.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan; and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (V.S., A.D.) and Department of Physiology (V.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis play an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is caused by rupture of inflamed atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent atherothrombosis. Recent studies have shown that inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict ACS development and have demonstrated the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation. Studies have also shown that an enhanced inflammatory response after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with cardiac rupture, ventricular aneurysm formation, and exacerbation of left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Inflammation is a physiological reaction in which fibrosis is induced to facilitate the healing of tissue damage. However, when an excessive inflammatory response consisting mainly of monocytes/macrophages is induced by various factors, impaired reparative fibrosis and resulting pathological remodeling processes may occur. A similar phenomenon is observed in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) expansion. In contrast, myocardial diseases such as inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMI) and valvular diseases such as aortic valve stenosis (AS) are characterized by chronic inflammation mediated mainly by T lymphocytes and the associated enhancement of reactive fibrosis. Thus, inflammation can take 2 paths (the inhibition or promotion of fibrosis), depending on the phase of inflammation, inducing pathological cardiovascular remodeling. Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation and fibrosis will contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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Wang X, Zhao R, Zhang H, Zhou M, Zhang M, Qiao T. Levo-Tetrahydropalmatine Attenuates Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in an Elastase Perfusion Rat Model via Suppression of Matrix Metalloproteinase and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:652-660. [PMID: 29388563 PMCID: PMC5804302 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levo-tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) is a tetrahydro protoberberine isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from the genera Stephania and Corydalis. In the present research, we evaluated the effects of L-THP on the progression of aortic aneurysms (AAs) in experimental rats induced with perfusion of elastase. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated, control, and L-THP treated groups (n=12 in each group). The rats in the control group and the L-THP group received intra-aortic perfusion of elastase to induce AAs; the sham-operated group received perfusion of saline. The rats in the L-THP group received a dose of 15 mg/kg/day, the control and the sham group received saline treatment. The animals were evaluated for aortic diameters (ADs) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) just before and after the elastase perfusion, and 24 days after perfusion. The extracts of the aortas were evaluated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the control group, a significant increase in aortic size was observed (p<0.05) compared to the sham group after 24 days post-perfusion, whereas the L-THP group showed a decrease in diameter compared to the control group (p<0.05). The SBP increased significantly in the control group compared to the sham group. The L-THP group showed reduction in SBP, exhibited decreased expression of metalloproteinase and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and the tissue samples also exhibited significant decreased levels of iNOS compared to the control group. L-THP treatment prevented loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the aortic walls. CONCLUSIONS L-THP inhibited progression of AAs in rats by curbing inflammation, oxidative stress, and conserving VSMCs, suggesting a new therapeutic approach for managing AAs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/enzymology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Berberine Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Berberine Alkaloids/therapeutic use
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Pancreatic Elastase
- Perfusion
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Staining and Labeling
- Systole/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Nanjing, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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40
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Mashayekhi S, Saberi A, Salehi Z. Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in Meningioma. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/nirp.cjns.4.12.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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41
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Hu C, Zhu K, Li J, Wang C, Lai L. Molecular targets in aortic aneurysm for establishing novel management paradigms. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:4708-4722. [PMID: 29268541 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA) is a lethal disease and presents a large challenge for surgeons in the clinic. Although surgical management remains the major choice of AA, operative mortality remains high. With advances in understanding of the mechanisms of AAs, molecular targets, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), D-dimer, and inflammation markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukins and phagocytes, are important in the pathology of development of AA. These markers may become important for improving the diagnostic quality and provide more therapeutic choices for treatment of AA. Although these new markers require long-term trials before they can be translated into the clinic, they can still be helpful in determining new directions. The main aim of this review is to discuss the current findings of molecular targets in progression of AA and discuss the potential application of these new targets for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Hu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
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Labeyrie PE, Goulay R, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Hébert M, Gauberti M, Maubert E, Delaunay B, Gory B, Signorelli F, Turjman F, Touzé E, Courthéoux P, Vivien D, Orset C. Vascular Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Promotes Intracranial Aneurysm Formation. Stroke 2017; 48:2574-2582. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.017305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Emile Labeyrie
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Romain Goulay
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Marie Hébert
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Eric Maubert
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Barbara Delaunay
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Benjamin Gory
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Francesco Signorelli
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Francis Turjman
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Emmanuel Touzé
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Patrick Courthéoux
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Denis Vivien
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
| | - Cyrille Orset
- From the Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, France (P.-E.L., R.G., S.M.d.L., M.H., M.G., E.M., B.D., E.T., P.C., D.V., C.O.); Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.-E.L., B.G., F.T.) and Department of Neurosurgery (F.S.), Hôpital Wertheimer, University Lyon 1, Bron, France; and Department of Neurology (E.T.), Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), and Department of Clinical Research (D.V.), CHU Caen, University Caen
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Wang C, Wang Y, Yu M, Chen C, Xu L, Cao Y, Qi R. Grape-seed Polyphenols Play a Protective Role in Elastase-induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9402. [PMID: 28839206 PMCID: PMC5570906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a kind of disease characterized by aortic dilation, whose pathogenesis is linked to inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether grape-seed polyphenols (GSP) has anti-AAA effects and what mechanism is involved, thus to find a way to prevent occurrence and inhibit expansion of small AAA. In our study, AAA was induced by incubating the abdominal aorta of the mice with elastase, and GSP was administrated to the mice by gavage at different doses beginning on the day of the AAA inducement. In in vivo experiments, 800 mg/kg GSP could significantly reduce the incidence of AAA, the dilatation of aorta and elastin degradation in media, and dramatically decrease macrophage infiltration and activation and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and MMP-9 in the aorta, compared to the AAA model group. Meanwhile, 400 mg/kg GSP could also but not completely inhibit the occurrence and development of AAA. In in vitro experiments, GSP dose-dependently inhibited mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and significantly inhibited expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, thus prevented elastin from degradation. In conclusion, GSP showed great anti-AAA effects and its mechanisms were related to inhibition of inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/etiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Biomarkers
- Biopsy
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Pancreatic Elastase/deficiency
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Polyphenols/chemistry
- Polyphenols/pharmacology
- Protective Agents/chemistry
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Seeds/chemistry
- Vitis/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Maomao Yu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yini Cao
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China.
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44
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Li T, Lv Z, Jing JJ, Yang J, Yuan Y. Matrix metalloproteinase family polymorphisms and the risk of aortic aneurysmal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Genet 2017; 93:15-32. [PMID: 28485889 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms are associated with the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysmal diseases. In this study, we conducted a systematic review with an update meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between MMP family polymorphisms and aortic aneurysmal diseases. We systematically reviewed 24 polymorphisms in 8 MMP genes related to the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), thoracic AA or thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). A total of 19 case-control studies with 15 highly studied MMP polymorphisms were included in our meta-analysis. Our results suggested that MMP2rs243865, MMP3rs3025058, MMP13rs2252070 polymorphisms were significantly associated with AAA risk, MMP2rs11643630, MMP8rs11225395 polymorphisms were correlated with TAD risk, and MMP9rs3918242 under the dominant model could increase AAA risk in hospital-based subgroup. No associations with aortic aneurysmal diseases were identified for other polymorphisms assessed in our meta-analysis. In summary, some studied MMP polymorphisms associated with the risk of aortic aneurysmal diseases are potential predictive biomarkers for the clinical application. Moreover, other MMP polymorphisms with limited studies but relevant to aortic aneurysmal formation and progression need further prospective and large investigations to confirm results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Z Lv
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - J-J Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
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45
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Singh P, Almarzooq Z, Salata B, Devereux RB. Role of molecular imaging with positron emission tomographic in aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S333-S342. [PMID: 28540077 PMCID: PMC5422660 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.04.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms (AA) are often asymptomatic before the occurrence of acute, potentially fatal complications including dissection and/or rupture. Beyond aortic size, the ability to assess aortic wall characteristics and processes contributing to aneurysm development may allow improved selection of patients who may benefit from prophylactic surgical intervention. Current risk stratification for aneurysms relies upon routine noninvasive imaging of aortic size without assessing the underlying pathophysiologic processes, including features such as inflammation, which may be associated with aneurysm development and progression. The use of molecular imaging modalities with positron emission tomographic (PET) scan allows characterization of aortic wall inflammatory activity. Elevated uptake of Fuorine-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), a radiotracer with elevated avidity in highly-metabolic cells, has been correlated with the development and progression of both abdominal and thoracic AA in a number of animal models and clinical studies. Other novel PET radiotracers targeting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), mitochondrial translocator proteins (TSPO) and endothelial cell adhesion molecules are being investigated for clinical utility in identifying progression of disease in AA. By further defining the activation of molecular pathways in assessing aortic regions at risk for dilatation, this imaging modality can be integrated into future clinical decision-making models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Salata
- Department of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
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46
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Klaus V, Tanios-Schmies F, Reeps C, Trenner M, Matevossian E, Eckstein HH, Pelisek J. Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels with Collagen Degradation in the Context of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 53:549-558. [PMID: 28209269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have already been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the current data remain inconclusive. In this study, the expression of MMPs at mRNA and protein levels were investigated in relation to the degradation of collagen I and collagen III. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from 40 patients with AAA undergoing open aortic repair, and from five healthy controls during kidney transplantation. Expression of MMPs 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 12, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1, and TIMP2 were measured at the mRNA level using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. At the protein level, MMPs, collagen I, and collagen III, and their degradation products carboxy-terminal collagen cross-links (CTX)-I and CTX-III, were quantified via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, immunohistochemistry and gelatine zymography were performed. RESULTS In AAA, significantly enhanced mRNA expression was observed for MMPs 3, 9, and 12 compared with controls (p ≤ .001). MMPs 3, 9, and 12 correlated significantly with macrophages (p = .007, p = .018, and p = .015, respectively), and synthetic smooth muscle cells with MMPs 1, 2, and 9 (p = .020, p = .018, and p = .027, respectively). At the protein level, MMPs 8, 9, and 12 were significantly elevated in AAA (p = .006, p = .0004, and p < .001, respectively). No significant correlation between mRNA and protein was observed for any MMP. AAA contained significantly reduced intact collagen I (twofold; p = .002), whereas collagen III was increased (4.6 fold; p < .001). Regarding degraded collagen I and III relative to intact collagens, observations were inverse (1.4 fold increase for CTX-1 [p < .001]; fivefold decrease for CTX-III [p = .004]). MMPs 8, 9, and 12 correlated with collagen I (p = .019, p < .001, and p = 0.003, respectively), collagen III (p = .015, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively), and degraded collagen I (p = .012, p = .049, and p = .001, respectively). CONCLUSION No significant relationship was found between mRNA and protein and MMP levels. MMPs 9 and 12 were overexpressed in AAA at the mRNA and protein level, and MMP-8 at the protein level. MMP-2 was detected in synthetic SMCs. Collagen I and III showed inverse behaviour in AAA. In particular, MMPs 8, 9, and 12 appear to be associated with collagen I, collagen III, and their degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Klaus
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - F Tanios-Schmies
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Reeps
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Klinik für Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Trenner
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Matevossian
- Department of Surgery, Munich Transplant Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - H-H Eckstein
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - J Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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47
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NaoXinTong Inhibits the Advanced Atherosclerosis and Enhances the Plaque Stability in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:203-11. [PMID: 26485209 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Buchang NaoXinTong (NXT), a Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat patients with coronary heart disease in China. However, the underlying mechanisms need more elucidations. In this study, we investigated if NXT can inhibit the progression of the established lesions while stabilizing plaques. Apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice in 3 groups received following treatment: group 1 was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks; group 2 was prefed HFD for 12 weeks followed by HFD containing NXT for additional 6 weeks; group 3 was prefed HFD for 8 weeks followed by HFD containing NXT for additional 10 weeks. After treatment, serum and aorta samples were collected and determined lipid profiles, lesions, collagen content, mineralization, and macrophage accumulation in aortic root, respectively. NXT had slight effect on serum lipid profiles but significantly reduced progression of the advanced lesions. In aortic wall, NXT increased smooth muscle cell/collagen content in lesion cap while reducing buried fibrous caps, mineralization, and macrophage accumulation within lesions, which suggests that NXT can stabilize plaques. In addition, NXT increased expression of smooth muscle 22α mRNA while inhibiting expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tumor necrosis factor α mRNA in aortas. Our study demonstrates that NXT can reduce advanced atherosclerosis and enhance the plaque stability in apoE(-/-) mice.
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48
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Alsiraj Y, Thatcher SE, Charnigo R, Chen K, Blalock E, Daugherty A, Cassis LA. Female Mice With an XY Sex Chromosome Complement Develop Severe Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Circulation 2016; 135:379-391. [PMID: 27815372 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a deadly pathology with strong sexual dimorphism. Similar to humans, female mice exhibit far lower incidences of angiotensin II-induced AAAs than males. In addition to sex hormones, the X and Y sex chromosomes, and their unique complements of genes, may contribute to sexually dimorphic AAA pathology. Here, we defined the effect of female (XX) versus male (XY) sex chromosome complement on angiotensin II-induced AAA formation and rupture in phenotypically female mice. METHODS Female low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) deficient mice with an XX or XY sex chromosome complement were infused with angiotensin II for 28 days to induce AAAs. Abdominal aortic lumen diameters were quantified by ultrasound, whereas AAA diameters were quantified at study end point. DNA microarrays were performed on abdominal aortas. To mimic males, female mice were administered a single dose of testosterone as neonates or as adults before angiotensin II infusions. RESULTS Female Ldlr-/- deficient mice with an XX and XY sex chromosome complement had similar sex organ weights and low serum testosterone concentrations. Abdominal aortas from female XY mice selectively expressed Y chromosome genes, whereas genes known to escape X inactivation were higher in XX females. The majority of aortic gene differences in XY versus XX females fell within inflammatory pathways. AAA incidences doubled and aneurysms ruptured in XY females. AAAs from XY females exhibited inflammation, and plasma interleukin-1β concentrations were increased in XY females. Moreover, aortas from XY females had augmented matrix metalloproteinase activity and increased oxidative stress. Last, testosterone exposure applied chronically, or as a single bolus at postnatal day 1, markedly worsened AAA outcomes in XY in comparison with XX adult females. CONCLUSIONS An XY sex chromosome complement in phenotypic females profoundly influenced aortic gene expression profiles and promoted AAA severity. When XY females were exposed to testosterone, aneurysm rupture rates were striking. Mechanisms for augmented AAA severity in XY females include increased inflammation, augmented matrix metalloproteineases, and oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that genes on the sex chromosomes regulate aortic vascular biology and contribute to sexual dimorphism of AAAs. Sex chromosome genes may serve as novel targets for sex-specific AAA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Alsiraj
- From Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Y.A., S.E.T., K.C., E.B., L.A.C.), Department of Biostatistics (R.C.), Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sean E Thatcher
- From Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Y.A., S.E.T., K.C., E.B., L.A.C.), Department of Biostatistics (R.C.), Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Richard Charnigo
- From Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Y.A., S.E.T., K.C., E.B., L.A.C.), Department of Biostatistics (R.C.), Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Kuey Chen
- From Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Y.A., S.E.T., K.C., E.B., L.A.C.), Department of Biostatistics (R.C.), Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Eric Blalock
- From Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Y.A., S.E.T., K.C., E.B., L.A.C.), Department of Biostatistics (R.C.), Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Y.A., S.E.T., K.C., E.B., L.A.C.), Department of Biostatistics (R.C.), Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- From Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (Y.A., S.E.T., K.C., E.B., L.A.C.), Department of Biostatistics (R.C.), Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
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49
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Huang Q, Du T, Qu QX. Tea polyphenol decreased growth and invasion in human ovarian cancer cells. EUR J INFLAMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x16674480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TP) are functional substances present in tea, which is one of the most promising preventive agents for cancer. This study was carried out to analyze the effects of TP on the ovarian cancer cells and possible mechanisms involved. TP led to inhibition of cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and promoted entry into the apoptosis-phase of the cell cycle. TP also decreased the invasion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. In addition, TP treatment upregulated the mRNA expressions rate of Bax/Bcl-2 and downregulated Cyclin D and MMP2 mRNA expressions. Taken together, our data highlight that TP could be a potential therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer. These findings also suggested that oncogens are involved in the anti-cancer effects of TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Ting Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Qiu-Xia Qu
- Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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50
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Mazurek R, Dave JM, Chandran RR, Misra A, Sheikh AQ, Greif DM. Vascular Cells in Blood Vessel Wall Development and Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:323-350. [PMID: 28212800 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vessel wall is composed of distinct cellular layers, yet communication among individual cells within and between layers results in a dynamic and versatile structure. The morphogenesis of the normal vascular wall involves a highly regulated process of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The use of modern developmental biological and genetic approaches has markedly enriched our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these developmental events. Additionally, the application of similar approaches to study diverse vascular diseases has resulted in paradigm-shifting insights into pathogenesis. Further investigations into the biology of vascular cells in development and disease promise to have major ramifications on therapeutic strategies to combat pathologies of the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mazurek
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J M Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R R Chandran
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - A Misra
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - A Q Sheikh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - D M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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