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Jofré-Madariaga D, Aguilera Moya MA, Alves-de-Souza C, Arias RM, Gutow L, Jeldres Polanco RA, Macaya EC, Kappes MM, Ortiz Arancibia LN, Pino O, Rech S, Rothäusler E, Harrod C, Thiel M. Non-indigenous species and their realized niche in tidepools along the South-East Pacific coast. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106541. [PMID: 38852493 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Non-indigenous species (NIS) have the potential to colonize and become established in a wide range of coastal habitats. Species with broad environmental tolerances can quickly adapt to local conditions and expand their niches along environmental gradients, and even colonize habitats with extreme abiotic conditions. Here we report and document the distribution of eight marine NIS (four seaweed and four invertebrate species) found in tidepools along a 3000 km latitudinal gradient along the Pacific coast of Chile (18.4°S to 41.9°S). The seaweed NIS Codium fragile, Capreolia implexa, Schottera nicaeensis and Mastocarpus latissimus were mostly distributed towards high latitudes (i.e., more southerly locations), where temperatures in tidepools were low. The invertebrate NIS Anemonia alicemartinae, Ciona robusta, Bugula neritina and Bugulina flabellata were more common towards low latitudes, where high temperatures were registered in the tidepools. Across the intertidal gradient, seaweed NIS were mostly found in pools in the mid and low intertidal zone, while invertebrate NIS occurred mostly in pools from the mid and upper intertidal zones. The realized niche spaces of NIS (based on the Outlying Mean Index, OMI) in the study area were mainly influenced by environmental conditions of temperature and salinity (along the latitudinal and intertidal gradients), while other tidepool characteristics (depth, surface area, exposition, and complexity) only had minor effects. Five of the eight NIS exhibited a realized niche space coinciding with the average tidepool environmental conditions, while marginal niches were occupied by species with affinities for specific temperatures and salinities along the latitudinal and intertidal gradients. Our results indicate that physiological tolerances to environmental factors play a fundamental role in the distribution of seaweed and invertebrate NIS in tidepools along the Chilean coast. This study confirms that tidepools offer suitable conditions for some seaweed and invertebrate NIS, potentially facilitating their invasion into new natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jofré-Madariaga
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cátolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Doctorado en Ciencias Aplicadas mención Sistemas Marinos Costeros, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Univ. de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Moisés A Aguilera Moya
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile, Diagonal Las Torres, 2640, Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catharina Alves-de-Souza
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS Coastal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rene Matías Arias
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cátolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Lars Gutow
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ricardo Antonio Jeldres Polanco
- Laboratorio de Estudios Algales (ALGALAB), Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Erasmo C Macaya
- Laboratorio de Estudios Algales (ALGALAB), Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Martín Munizaga Kappes
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cátolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Leslie Nicole Ortiz Arancibia
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cátolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Oscar Pino
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cátolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Sabine Rech
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cátolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Eva Rothäusler
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras (CIC - UDA), Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Chris Harrod
- Universidad de Antofagasta Stable Isotope Facility, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander Von Humboldt. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cátolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA.
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Pérez-Matus A, Neubauer P, Shima JS, Rivadeneira MM. Reef Fish Diversity Across the Temperate South Pacific Ocean. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.768707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of species richness and their structuring forces at multiple scales provide a critical context for research efforts focusing on ecology, evolution, and conservation. Diversity gradients have been demonstrated in tropical reef fish, but corresponding patterns and mechanisms remain poorly understood in temperate regions. We conducted hierarchical (spatially nested) sampling of temperate reef fish faunas across > 140 degrees of longitude in the eastern and western South Pacific Ocean. Our sampling efforts spanned five distinct provinces: the Southeast Australian Shelf (SAS), Northern and Southern New Zealand (N-SNZ), Juan Fernandez and Desventuradas Islands (JFD), and the Warm Temperate Southeastern Pacific (WTPA). We evaluated (i) spatial variation in patterns of species richness and abundance (using Chao 1 index), and distribution of functional diversity (using several functional attributes: max body size, trophic groups, feeding guilds, trophic level, habitat use, gregariousness, and activity patterns) and (ii) scale-dependencies in these patterns. Species richness declined from west to east across the temperate South Pacific, but this pattern was detectable only across larger spatial scales. A functional redundancy index was significantly higher in the western South Australian Shelf at multiple scales, revealing that species contribute in equivalent ways to an ecosystem function such that one species may substitute for another. We also detected that patterns of variation in functional diversity differed from patterns of variation in species richness, and were also dependent on the spatial scale of analysis. Lastly, we identified that species’ traits are not equally distributed among reef fish assemblages, where some provinces are characterized by a distinct functional component within their reef fish assemblages. Planktivorous and schooling species, for instance, dominated the assemblages in the eastern Pacific, which is characterized by higher primary productivity and steep bathymetric slopes favoring these traits. Demersal and pairing behavior traits dominated the reef fish assemblages in western Pacific provinces (SAS, SNZ). We conclude that combining the identifies and species’ traits allow us to disentangle historical, biogeographic and environmental factors that structure reef fish fauna.
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Delrieu-Trottin E, Hartmann-Salvo H, Saenz-Agudelo P, Landaeta MF, Pérez-Matus A. DNA reconciles morphology and colouration in the drunk blenny genus Scartichthys (Teleostei: Blenniidae) and provides insights into their evolutionary history. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:507-518. [PMID: 34821381 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The blenniids of the genus Scartichthys are one of the most common fishes of Central and South American Pacific coastal reefs. This being said, Scartichthys spp. remain difficult to identify in the field, and identification is particularly challenging across the c. 6000 km where three of the four currently accepted species are known to occur in sympatry. A reason for this is that the main taxonomic characters from traditional taxonomy are indeed elusive. In addition, at the same time, species can display multiple colour patterns in the field, depending on their ontogenetic stage, habitat association and reproductive behaviour. Overall, molecular characterization is warranted to help address these issues. In this study, the authors have used a novel approach to revise the genus by combining colouration, morphological and molecular data of representative specimens of the four currently valid species and seven described colour patterns. From this, the authors show that only three of the four species should be considered as valid; Scartichthys gigas (Steindachner, 1876), Scartichthys variolatus (Valenciennes, 1836) and Scartichthys viridis (Valenciennes, 1836), whereas Scartichthys crapulatus (Williams, 1990) should be synonymized with S. viridis. In the same way, the analyses in this study show that one of the colour patterns attributed so far only to S. gigas is characteristic of the juvenile stages of S. viridis. The time-calibrated phylogeny of this study shows that this genus is relatively young and that the estimated time of divergence between S. gigas and S. viridis is c. 1.71 Ma. In comparison, the Desventuradas and Juan Fernandez Islands endemic S. variolatus diverged c. 1.95 Ma. The results of this study help to clarify the taxonomy of Scartichthys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Delrieu-Trottin
- ISEM, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans Hartmann-Salvo
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Saenz-Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas (ICAEV), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystem (NUTME)
| | - Mauricio F Landaeta
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystem (NUTME)
- Laboratorio de Ictioplancton (LABITI), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Observación Marino para Estudios del Ambiente Costero (COSTA-R), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Matus
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystem (NUTME)
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Rodríguez SM, George-Nascimento M. GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION OF ENTEROPARASITISM IN THE SOUTHERN SEA LION OTARIA FLAVESCENS (SHAW, 1800) OFF THE COAST OF CHILE AS EVIDENCED WITH COPROLOGICAL TESTS: IMPLICATONS FOR ZOONOTIC RISKS. J Parasitol 2021; 107:547-553. [PMID: 34270759 DOI: 10.1645/20-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The scarce information on the helminth fauna in otariids from the Southeastern Pacific comes mainly from stranded individuals or killed for that purpose. In this study, we compared the abundance and composition of enteroparasitic assemblages of Otaria flavescens using coprological techniques. Three sampling localities from north to south spanning 2,200 km off the Chilean coast were considered (Iquique, Viña del Mar, and Talcahuano). In all, 60 fecal samples were collected, and eggs belonging to 5 taxa were found in 91.6% of the samples. They were the anisakid nematodes Contracaecum and Pseudoterranova, the cestode Adenocephalus (syn. Diphyllobothrium), the trematode Ogmogaster, and the acanthocephalan Corynosoma. Samples from southern Chile (Talcahuano) showed the highest prevalence. Adenocephalus eggs had the highest prevalence and abundance in Iquique and Talcahuano, whereas Ogmogaster was the less prevalent and abundant in all sampling localities. Corynosoma eggs had similar prevalence and abundance among sampling localities, and Pseudoterranova eggs were absent in Iquique and with median prevalence values in Viña del Mar and Talcahuano. Thus, the composition of parasite egg assemblages was different between sampling localities. These differences between sampling localities may help to explain differential records of some zoonotic parasitoses such as pseudoterranovosis and diphyllobothriosis in Peru and Chile, where consumption of raw or marinated fish (ceviche) is common. For example, the lower diversity of parasite egg assemblages in the northern Chilean coast may be due to the absence or lower abundance of first intermediate/paratenic hosts of Pseudoterranova.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja s/n, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mario George-Nascimento
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción P.O. Box 297, Concepción, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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5
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Ehemann NR, García-Rodríguez FJ, Pequeño G, Thiel R, De La Cruz-Agüero J. Historical records of the blotched stingray Urotrygon chilensis (Urotrygonidae: Myliobatiformes) yield insight into species distribution: the importance of natural history collections to questions of zoogeography. SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1868607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Roberto Ehemann
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional – Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR–IPN), Colección Ictiológica, Avenida IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo Santa Rita, La Paz, 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier García-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional – Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR–IPN), Colección Ictiológica, Avenida IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo Santa Rita, La Paz, 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Germán Pequeño
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ralf Thiel
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - José De La Cruz-Agüero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional – Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR–IPN), Colección Ictiológica, Avenida IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo Santa Rita, La Paz, 23096, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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6
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Abstract
The biodiversity and composition of endoparasites in fish obtained from the Antarctic and subantarctic zones are compared in this study. Several fish were collected in the summer from Antarctica (King George Island) and the Southern Pacific coast (Strait of Magellan and Almirante Montt Gulf). This database was complemented with published information on fish endoparasite communities from both zones, with specimens of fish sample size n ≥ 15. Thus, 31 fish species were analysed in this study, which altogether had 79 parasite species. Diversity indices were calculated for the parasite community of each fish species. Then they were compared between the Antarctic and subantarctic zones. Parasite species composition and host specificity (as the number of fish species used by a parasite species) were also analysed and compared between zones. The diversity indices and the abundance of parasites were significantly higher in the Antarctic than the subantarctic fish. Few parasite species (7.6%) were shared between fish from both zones, showing significant differences in parasite composition. Antarctic parasites were less host-specific than subantarctic parasites, which allowed the coexistence of several parasite species in the fish. The high parasite abundance in Antarctic fish could trigger sympatric speciation in certain parasitic lineages or the exploitation of new resources, resulting in more parasite species than those in subantarctic environments. The high abundance of Antarctic parasites implies different methods and rates of transmission than those of subantarctic parasites. In addition, more alternative fish hosts were used by the Antarctic than subantarctic parasites. This altogether indicates that host-parasite interaction dynamics significantly differ between the Antarctic and subantarctic systems.
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7
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Araya-Jaime C, Palma-Rojas C, Brand EV, Silva A. Cytogenetic characterization, rDNA mapping and quantification of the nuclear DNA content in Seriolella violacea Guichenot, 1848 (Perciformes, Centrolophidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2020; 14:319-328. [PMID: 32754305 PMCID: PMC7381430 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v14i3.53087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Seriolella violacea Guichenot, 1848 is an important component of the fish fauna of the Chilean coast and is of great economic interest. Cytogenetic information for the family Centrolophidae is lacking and the genomic size of five of the twenty-eight species described for this family are is barely known. This study aimed to describe for the first time the karyotype structure via classical and molecular cytogenetics analysis with the goal of identifying the constitutive heterochromatin distribution, chromosome organization of rDNA sequences and quantification of nuclear DNA content. The karyotype of S. violacea is composed of 48 chromosomes, with the presence of conspicuous blocks of heterochromatin on chromosomal pairs one and two. FISH assay with a 5S rDNA probe, revealed the presence of fluorescent markings on the heterochromatic block of pair one. The 18S rDNA sites are located exclusively on pair two, characterizing this pair as the carrier of the NOR. Finally, the genomic size of S. violacea was estimated at 0.59 pg of DNA as C-value. This work represents the first effort to document the karyotype structure and physical organization of the rDNA sequences in the Seriolella genome, contributing with new information to improve our understanding of chromosomal evolution and genomic organization in marine perciforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Araya-Jaime
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, ChileUniversidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile
- Laboratorio de Genética y Citogenética Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena. La Serena, ChileUniversidad Católica del Norte Sede CoquimboCoquimboChile
| | - Claudio Palma-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Genética y Citogenética Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena. La Serena, ChileUniversidad Católica del Norte Sede CoquimboCoquimboChile
| | - Elisabeth Von Brand
- Departamento de Biología Marina Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte Sede Coquimbo, Casilla 117, Coquimbo, ChileUniversidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile
| | - Alfonso Silva
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Peces, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte Sede Coquimbo, Casilla 117, Coquimbo, ChileUniversidad Católica del Norte Sede CoquimboCoquimboChile
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8
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Delgado ML, Górski K, Habit E, Ruzzante DE. The effects of diadromy and its loss on genomic divergence: The case of amphidromous
Galaxias maculatus
populations. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:5217-5231. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad Górski
- Departamento de Ecología Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS) Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Evelyn Habit
- Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
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9
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Ibáñez CM, Waldisperg M, Torres FI, Carrasco SA, Sellanes J, Pardo-Gandarillas MC, Sigwart JD. Environmental and ecological factors mediate taxonomic composition and body size of polyplacophoran assemblages along the Peruvian Province. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15934. [PMID: 31685909 PMCID: PMC6828727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intertidal communities' composition and diversity usually exhibit strong changes in relation to environmental gradients at different biogeographical scales. This study represents the first comprehensive diversity and composition description of polyplacophoran assemblages along the Peruvian Province (SE Pacific, 12°S-39°S), as a model system for ecological latitudinal gradients. A total of 4,775 chitons from 21 species were collected on twelve localities along the Peruvian Province. This sampling allowed us to quantitatively estimate the relative abundance of the species in this assemblage, and to test whether chitons conform to elementary predictions of major biogeographic patterns such as a latitudinal diversity gradient. We found that the species composition supported the division of the province into three ecoregional faunal groups (i.e. Humboldtian, Central Chile, and Araucanian). Though chiton diversity did not follow a clear latitudinal gradient, changes in species composition were dominated by smaller scale variability in salinity and temperature. Body size significantly differed by ecoregions and species, indicating latitudinal size-structure assamblages. In some localities body size ratios differed from a random assemblage, evidencing competition at local scale. Changes in composition between ecoregions influence body size structure, and their overlapping produce vertical size segregation, suggesting that competition coupled with environmental conditions structure these assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Ibáñez
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Melany Waldisperg
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe I Torres
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio A Carrasco
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Javier Sellanes
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
| | | | - Julia D Sigwart
- Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, Portaferry, N. Ireland
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10
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Osores SJA, Ruz GA, Opitz T, Lardies MA. Discovering divergence in the thermal physiology of intertidal crabs along latitudinal gradients using an integrated approach with machine learning. J Therm Biol 2018; 78:140-150. [PMID: 30509630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In intertidal marine crustaceans, phenotypic variation in physiological and life-history traits is pervasive along latitudinal clines. However, organisms have complex phenotypes, and their traits do not vary independently but rather interact differentially between them, effect that is caused by genetic and/or environmental forces. We evaluated the geographic variation in phenotypic integration of three marine crab species that inhabit different vertical thermal microhabitats of the intertidal zone. We studied seven populations of each species along a latitudinal gradient that spans more than 3000 km of the Chilean coast. Specifically we measured nine physiological traits that are highly related to thermal physiology. Of the nine traits, we selected four that contributed significantly to the observed geographical variation among populations; this variation was then evaluated using mixed linear models and an integrative approach employing machine learning. The results indicate that patterns of physiological variation depend on species vertical microhabitat, which may be subject to chronic or acute environmental variation. The species that inhabit the high- intertidal sites (i.e., exposed to chronic variation) better tolerated thermal stress compared with populations that inhabit the lower intertidal. While those in the low-intertidal only face conditions of acute thermal variation, using to a greater extent the plasticity to face these events. Our main results reflect that (1) species that inhabit the high-intertidal maintain a greater integration between their physiological traits and present lower plasticity than those that inhabit the low-intertidal. (2) Inverse relationship that exists between phenotypic plasticity and phenotypic integration of the physiological traits identified, which could help optimize energy resources. In general, the study of multiple physiological traits provides a more accurate picture of how the thermal traits of organisms vary along temperature gradients especially when exposed to conditions close to tolerance limits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonzalo A Ruz
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES-UC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Tania Opitz
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A Lardies
- Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Friedlander AM, Ballesteros E, Bell TW, Giddens J, Henning B, Hüne M, Muñoz A, Salinas-de-León P, Sala E. Marine biodiversity at the end of the world: Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez islands. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189930. [PMID: 29364902 PMCID: PMC5783361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast and complex coast of the Magellan Region of extreme southern Chile possesses a diversity of habitats including fjords, deep channels, and extensive kelp forests, with a unique mix of temperate and sub-Antarctic species. The Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez archipelagos are the most southerly locations in the Americas, with the southernmost kelp forests, and some of the least explored places on earth. The giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera plays a key role in structuring the ecological communities of the entire region, with the large brown seaweed Lessonia spp. forming dense understories. Kelp densities were highest around Cape Horn, followed by Diego Ramírez, and lowest within the fjord region of Francisco Coloane Marine Park (mean canopy densities of 2.51 kg m-2, 2.29 kg m-2, and 2.14 kg m-2, respectively). There were clear differences in marine communities among these sub-regions, with the lowest diversity in the fjords. We observed 18 species of nearshore fishes, with average species richness nearly 50% higher at Diego Ramírez compared with Cape Horn and Francisco Coloane. The number of individual fishes was nearly 10 times higher at Diego Ramírez and 4 times higher at Cape Horn compared with the fjords. Dropcam surveys of mesophotic depths (53-105 m) identified 30 taxa from 25 families, 15 classes, and 7 phyla. While much of these deeper habitats consisted of soft sediment and cobble, in rocky habitats, echinoderms, mollusks, bryozoans, and sponges were common. The southern hagfish (Myxine australis) was the most frequently encountered of the deep-sea fishes (50% of deployments), and while the Fueguian sprat (Sprattus fuegensis) was the most abundant fish species, its distribution was patchy. The Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez archipelagos represent some of the last intact sub-Antarctic ecosystems remaining and a recently declared large protected area will help ensure the health of this unique region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington DC, United States of America
- Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
| | | | - Tom W. Bell
- Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jonatha Giddens
- Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
| | - Brad Henning
- Remote Imaging Team, National Geographic Society, Washington DC, United States of America
| | | | - Alex Muñoz
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Pelayo Salinas-de-León
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington DC, United States of America
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
| | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington DC, United States of America
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Winkler NS, Pérez-Matus A, Villena ÁA, Thiel M. Seasonal variation in epifaunal communities associated with giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) at an upwelling-dominated site. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Winkler
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory & Center for Marine Conservation; Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Casilla 114-D Santiago Chile
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Matus
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory & Center for Marine Conservation; Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Casilla 114-D Santiago Chile
| | - Álvaro A. Villena
- Subtidal Ecology Laboratory & Center for Marine Conservation; Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Casilla 114-D Santiago Chile
- Facultad Ciencias del Mar; Universidad Católica del Norte; Coquimbo Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- Facultad Ciencias del Mar; Universidad Católica del Norte; Coquimbo Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI); Coquimbo Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA); Coquimbo Chile
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