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Ghneim HK, Alfhili MA, Alharbi SO, Alhusayni SM, Abudawood M, Aljaser FS, Al-Sheikh YA. Comprehensive investigations of key mitochondrial metabolic changes in senescent human fibroblasts. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:263-275. [PMID: 35766004 PMCID: PMC9247707 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of detailed data related to the effect of senescence on the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and redox state of senescent human cells. Activities of TCA cycle enzymes, respiratory chain complexes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (SA), lipid peroxides (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), along with levels of nicotinamide cofactors and ATP content were measured in young and senescent human foreskin fibroblasts. Primary and senescent cultures were biochemically identified by monitoring the augmented cellular activities of key glycolytic enzymes including phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase, and accumulation of H2O2, SA, LPO, PCC, and GSSG. Citrate synthase, aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and complex I-III, IIIII, and IV activities were significantly diminished in P25 and P35 cells compared to P5 cells. This was accompanied by significant accumulation of mitochondrial H2O2, SA, LPO, and PCC, along with increased transcriptional and enzymatic activities of TrxR2, SOD2, GPx1, and GR. Notably, the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly reduced whereas NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratios were significantly elevated. Metabolic exhaustion was also evident in senescent cells underscored by the severely diminished ATP/ADP ratio. Profound oxidative stress may contribute, at least in part, to senescence pointing at a potential protective role of antioxidants in aging-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem K. Ghneim
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami O. Alharbi
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shady M. Alhusayni
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feda S. Aljaser
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed A. Al-Sheikh
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Becker PH, Le Guillou E, Duque M, Blondel A, Gons C, Ben Souna H, Imbard A, Fournier N, Gaignard P, Thérond P. Cholesterol accumulation induced by acetylated LDL exposure modifies the enzymatic activities of the TCA cycle without impairing the respiratory chain functionality in macrophages. Biochimie 2022; 200:87-98. [PMID: 35618159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The unregulated uptake of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by macrophages leads to foam cell formation, promoting atherosclerotic plaque progression. The cholesterol efflux capacity of macrophages by the ATP-Binding Cassette transporters depends on the ATP mitochondrial production. Therefore, the mitochondrial function maintenance is crucial in limiting foam cell formation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the mitochondrial dysfunction that may occur in cholesterol-laden macrophages. We incubated THP-1 macrophages with acetylated LDL (acLDL) to obtain cholesterol-laden cells or with mildly oxidized LDL (oxLDL) to generate cholesterol- and oxidized lipids-laden cells. Cellular cholesterol content was measured in each condition. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by measurement of several markers of energetic metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. OxLDL-exposed macrophages exhibited a significantly reduced mitochondrial respiration and complexes I and III activities, associated to an oxidative stress state and a reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number. Meanwhile, acLDL-exposed macrophages featured an efficient oxidative phosphorylation despite the decreased activities of aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Our study revealed that mitochondrial function was differently impacted according to the nature of modified LDL. Exposure to cholesterol and oxidized lipids carried by oxLDL leads to a mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages, affecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain functional capacity, whereas the cellular cholesterol enrichment induced by acLDL exposure results in a tricarboxylic acid cycle shunt while maintaining mitochondrial energetic production, reflecting a metabolic adaptation to cholesterol intake. These new mechanistic insights are of direct relevance to the understanding of the mitochondrial dysfunction in foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hadrien Becker
- Université Paris-Saclay, EA 7357, Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France; Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France.
| | - Edouard Le Guillou
- Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Mathilde Duque
- Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Amélie Blondel
- Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Camille Gons
- Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Hajar Ben Souna
- Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Apolline Imbard
- Université Paris-Saclay, EA 7357, Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Natalie Fournier
- Université Paris-Saclay, EA 7357, Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Pauline Gaignard
- Université Paris-Saclay, EA 7357, Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France; Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
| | - Patrice Thérond
- Université Paris-Saclay, EA 7357, Lipides: systèmes analytiques et biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France; Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94270, France
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3
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Mounkoro P, Michel T, Golinelli-Cohen MP, Blandin S, Davioud-Charvet E, Meunier B. A role for the succinate dehydrogenase in the mode of action of the redox-active antimalarial drug, plasmodione. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:533-541. [PMID: 33232753 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by protozoan parasites, is a major public health issue in subtropical countries. An arsenal of antimalarial treatments is available, however, resistance is spreading, calling for the development of new antimalarial compounds. The new lead antimalarial drug plasmodione is a redox-active compound that impairs the redox balance of parasites leading to cell death. Based on extensive in vitro assays, a model of its mode of action was drawn, involving the generation of active plasmodione metabolites that act as subversive substrates of flavoproteins, initiating a redox cycling process producing reactive oxygen species. We showed that, in yeast, the mitochondrial respiratory chain NADH-dehydrogenases are the main redox-cycling target enzymes. Furthermore, our data supported the proposal that plasmodione is a pro-drug acting via its benzhydrol and benzoyl metabolites. Here, we selected plasmodione-resistant yeast mutants to further decipher plasmodione mode of action. Of the eleven mutants analysed, nine harboured a mutation in the FAD binding subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The analysis of the SDH mutations points towards a specific role for SDH-bound FAD in plasmodione bioactivation, possibly in the first step of the process, highlighting a novel property of SDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mounkoro
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Thomas Michel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Blandin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, UPR9022/U1257, Mosquito Immune Responses (MIR), F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7042 LIMA, Team Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, cedex, France.
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Luczak ED, Wu Y, Granger JM, Joiner MLA, Wilson NR, Gupta A, Umapathi P, Murphy KR, Reyes Gaido OE, Sabet A, Corradini E, Tseng WW, Wang Y, Heck AJR, Wei AC, Weiss RG, Anderson ME. Mitochondrial CaMKII causes adverse metabolic reprogramming and dilated cardiomyopathy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4416. [PMID: 32887881 PMCID: PMC7473864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the clear association between myocardial injury, heart failure and depressed myocardial energetics, little is known about upstream signals responsible for remodeling myocardial metabolism after pathological stress. Here, we report increased mitochondrial calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activation and left ventricular dilation in mice one week after myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. By contrast, mice with genetic mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition are protected from left ventricular dilation and dysfunction after MI. Mice with myocardial and mitochondrial CaMKII overexpression (mtCaMKII) have severe dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased ATP that causes elevated cytoplasmic resting (diastolic) Ca2+ concentration and reduced mechanical performance. We map a metabolic pathway that rescues disease phenotypes in mtCaMKII mice, providing insights into physiological and pathological metabolic consequences of CaMKII signaling in mitochondria. Our findings suggest myocardial dilation, a disease phenotype lacking specific therapies, can be prevented by targeted replacement of mitochondrial creatine kinase or mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Luczak
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan M Granger
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mei-Ling A Joiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Wilson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Priya Umapathi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin R Murphy
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oscar E Reyes Gaido
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amin Sabet
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eleonora Corradini
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wen-Wei Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - An-Chi Wei
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Robert G Weiss
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Huang Q, Zhang H, Bai LP, Law BYK, Xiong H, Zhou X, Xiao R, Qu YQ, Mok SWF, Liu L, Wong VKW. Novel ginsenoside derivative 20(S)-Rh2E2 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and in vitro via intervention of cancer cell energy metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:621. [PMID: 32796841 PMCID: PMC7427995 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased energy metabolism is responsible for supporting the abnormally upregulated proliferation and biosynthesis of cancer cells. The key cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (α-enolase) have been identified as the targets for active components of ginseng. Accordingly, ginseng or ginsenosides have been demonstrated with their potential values for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer via the regulation of energy balance. Notably, our previous study demonstrated that the R-form derivative of 20(R)-Rh2, 20(R)-Rh2E2 exhibits specific and potent anti-tumor effect via suppression of cancer energy metabolism. However, the uncertain pharmacological effect of S-form derivative, 20(S)-Rh2E2, the by-product during the synthesis of 20(R)-Rh2E2 from parental compound 20(R/S)-Rh2 (with both R- and S-form), retarded the industrialized production, research and development of this novel effective candidate drug. In this study, 20(S)-Rh2E2 was structurally modified from pure 20(S)-Rh2, and this novel compound was directly compared with 20(R)-Rh2E2 for their in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy. Results showed that 20(S)-Rh2E2 effectively inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in a lung xenograft mouse model. Most importantly, animal administrated with 20(S)-Rh2E2 up to 320 mg/kg/day survived with no significant body weight lost or observable toxicity upon 7-day treatment. In addition, we revealed that 20(S)-Rh2E2 specifically suppressed cancer cell energy metabolism via the downregulation of metabolic enzyme α-enolase, leading to the reduction of lactate, acetyl-coenzyme (acetyl CoA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in Lewis lung cancer cells (LLC-1), but not normal cells. These findings are consistent to the results obtained from previous studies using a similar isomer 20(R)-Rh2E2. Collectively, current results suggested that 20(R/S)-Rh2E2 isomers could be the new and safe anti-metabolic agents by acting as the tumor metabolic suppressors, which could be generated from 20(R/S)-Rh2 in industrialized scale with low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Haoming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Riping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuan Qing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
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Niehaus TD, Hillmann KB. Enzyme promiscuity, metabolite damage, and metabolite damage control systems of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. FEBS J 2020; 287:1343-1358. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Niehaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota Twin Cities Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Katie B. Hillmann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota Twin Cities Saint Paul MN USA
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Wongkittichote P, Cunningham G, Summar ML, Pumbo E, Forny P, Baumgartner MR, Chapman KA. Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme activities in a mouse model of methylmalonic aciduria. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:444-451. [PMID: 31648943 PMCID: PMC6903684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a propionate pathway disorder caused by dysfunction of the mitochondrial enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT). MMUT catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, an anaplerotic reaction which feeds into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As part of the pathological mechanisms of MMA, previous studies have suggested there is decreased TCA activity due to a "toxic inhibition" of TCA cycle enzymes by MMA related metabolites, in addition to reduced anaplerosis. Here, we have utilized mitochondria isolated from livers of a mouse model of MMA (Mut-ko/ki) and their littermate controls (Ki/wt) to examine the amounts and enzyme functions of most of the TCA cycle enzymes. We have performed mRNA quantification, protein semi-quantitation, and enzyme activity quantification for TCA cycle enzymes in these samples. Expression profiling showed increased mRNA levels of fumarate hydratase in the Mut-ko/ki samples, which by contrast had reduced protein levels as detected by immunoblot, while all other mRNA levels were unaltered. Immunoblotting also revealed decreased protein levels of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase 2. Interesting, the decreased protein amount of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was reflected in decreased activity for this enzyme while there is a trend towards decreased activity of fumarate hydratase and malate dehydrogenase 2. Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2/3, succinyl-CoA synthase, and succinate dehydrogenase are not statistically different in terms of quantity of enzyme or activity. Finally, we found decreased activity when examining the function of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in series with succinate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase in the Mut-ko/ki mice compared to their littermate controls, as expected. This study demonstrates decreased activity of certain TCA cycle enzymes and by corollary decreased TCA cycle function, but it supports decreased protein quantity rather than "toxic inhibition" as the underlying mechanism of action. SUMMARY: Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an inborn metabolic disorder of propionate catabolism. In this disorder, toxic metabolites are considered to be the major pathogenic mechanism for acute and long-term complications. However, despite optimized therapies aimed at reducing metabolite levels, patients continue to suffer from late complications, including metabolic stroke and renal insufficiency. Since the propionate pathway feeds into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, we investigated TCA cycle function in a constitutive MMA mouse model. We demonstrated decreased amounts of the TCA enzymes, Mdh2 and Ogdh as semi-quantified by immunoblot. Enzymatic activity of Ogdh is also decreased in the MMA mouse model compared to controls. Thus, when the enzyme amounts are decreased, we see the enzymatic activity also decreased to a similar extent for Ogdh. Further studies to elucidate the structural and/or functional links between the TCA cycle and propionate pathways might lead to new treatment approaches for MMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parith Wongkittichote
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary Cunningham
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States
| | - Marshall L Summar
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States
| | - Elena Pumbo
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States
| | - Patrick Forny
- Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center, The Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; The radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, the Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias R Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism, the Children's Research Center, The Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; The radiz-Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, the Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kimberly A Chapman
- Children's National Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington DC 20010, United States.
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Marelli C, Hamel C, Quiles M, Carlander B, Larrieu L, Delettre C, Sarzi E, Chretien D, Rustin P, Koenig M, Guissart C. ACO2 mutations: A novel phenotype associating severe optic atrophy and spastic paraplegia. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e225. [PMID: 29564393 PMCID: PMC5860906 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marelli
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Christian Hamel
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Melanie Quiles
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Bertrand Carlander
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Lise Larrieu
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Cecile Delettre
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sarzi
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Dominique Chretien
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Pierre Rustin
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Claire Guissart
- Department of Neurology (C.M., B.C.), Gui de Chauliac Montpellier University Hospital; EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (C.M., L.L., M.K., C.G.), and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Maladies Sensorielles Génétiques (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), CHRU; INSERM U1051 (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier; Université Montpellier (C.H., M.Q., C.D., E.S.), France; INSERM UMR 1141 (D.C., P.R.), PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
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9
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Bovine and murine models highlight novel roles for SLC25A46 in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism, with implications for human and animal health. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006597. [PMID: 28376083 PMCID: PMC5380314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathies are neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and other mammals. Many genetic causes have been identified so far, including mutations of genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Recently, the “Turning calves syndrome”, a novel sensorimotor polyneuropathy was described in the French Rouge-des-Prés cattle breed. In the present study, we determined that this hereditary disease resulted from a single nucleotide substitution in SLC25A46, a gene encoding a protein of the mitochondrial carrier family. This mutation caused an apparent damaging amino-acid substitution. To better understand the function of this protein, we knocked out the Slc25a46 gene in a mouse model. This alteration affected not only the nervous system but also altered general metabolism, resulting in premature mortality. Based on optic microscopy examination, electron microscopy and on biochemical, metabolic and proteomic analyses, we showed that the Slc25a46 disruption caused a fusion/fission imbalance and an abnormal mitochondrial architecture that disturbed mitochondrial metabolism. These data extended the range of phenotypes associated with Slc25a46 dysfunction. Moreover, this Slc25a46 knock-out mouse model should be useful to further elucidate the role of SLC25A46 in mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondria are essential organelles, the site of numerous biochemical reactions, with a critical role in delivering energy to cells, particularly in the nervous system. Consequently, disrupted mitochondrial function often results in neurodegenerative diseases, in humans and in other mammals. Herein, we determined that the “Turning calves syndrome”, a new hereditary sensorimotor polyneuropathy in the French Rouge-des-Prés cattle breed was due to a single substitution in SLC25A46, a gene encoding a protein of the mitochondrial carrier family. We created a mouse knock-out model and determined that disruption of this gene dramatically disturbed mitochondrial dynamics in various organs that resulted in altered metabolism and early death, indirectly confirming the gene identification in cattle. Moreover, our novel findings extended the range of phenotypes associated with polymorphisms of this gene and help to elucidate the role of SLC25A46 in mitochondrial function.
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Elkalaf M, Tůma P, Weiszenstein M, Polák J, Trnka J. Mitochondrial Probe Methyltriphenylphosphonium (TPMP) Inhibits the Krebs Cycle Enzyme 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161413. [PMID: 27537184 PMCID: PMC4990249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyltriphenylphosphonium (TPMP) salts have been widely used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential and the triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moiety has been attached to many bioactive compounds including antioxidants to target them into mitochondria thanks to their high affinity to accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix. The adverse effects of these compounds on cellular metabolism have been insufficiently studied and are still poorly understood. Micromolar concentrations of TPMP cause a progressive inhibition of cellular respiration in adherent cells without a marked effect on mitochondrial coupling. In permeabilized cells the inhibition was limited to NADH-linked respiration. We found a mixed inhibition of the Krebs cycle enzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) with an estimated IC50 3.93 [3.70-4.17] mM, which is pharmacologically plausible since it corresponds to micromolar extracellular concentrations. Increasing the lipophilic character of the used TPP+ compound further potentiates the inhibition of OGDHC activity. This effect of TPMP on the Krebs cycle ought to be taken into account when interpreting observations on cells and mitochondria in the presence of TPP+ derivatives. Compounds based on or similar to TPP+ derivatives may also be used to alter OGDHC activity for experimental or therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Elkalaf
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Bioenergetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tůma
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Polák
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trnka
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Bioenergetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Ojuka E, Andrew B, Bezuidenhout N, George S, Maarman G, Madlala HP, Mendham A, Osiki PO. Measurement of β-oxidation capacity of biological samples by respirometry: a review of principles and substrates. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E715-23. [PMID: 26908505 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00475.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of energy in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. It can be measured accurately using respirometry in isolated mitochondria, intact cells, and permeabilized cells or tissues. This technique directly measures the rate of oxygen consumption or flux at various respiratory states when appropriate substrates, uncouplers, and inhibitors are used. Acylcarnitines such as palmitoylcarnitine or octanoylcarnitine are the commonly used substrates. The β-oxidation pathway is prone to feedforward inhibition resulting from accumulation of short-chain acyl-CoA and depletion of CoA, but inclusion of malate or carnitine prevents accumulation of these intermediaries and CoA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ojuka
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brittany Andrew
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bezuidenhout
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Siddiqah George
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerald Maarman
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hlengiwe P Madlala
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amy Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Prisca Ofure Osiki
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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The effect of Walterinnesia aegyptia venom proteins on TCA cycle activity and mitochondrial NAD(+)-redox state in cultured human fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:738147. [PMID: 25705684 PMCID: PMC4331154 DOI: 10.1155/2015/738147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast cultures were used to study the effects of crude Walterinnesia aegyptia venom and its F1–F7 protein fractions on TCA cycle enzyme activities and mitochondrial NAD-redox state. Confluent cells were incubated with 10 μg of venom proteins for 4 hours at 37°C. The activities of all studied TCA enzymes and the non-TCA mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase underwent significant reductions of similar magnitude (50–60% of control activity) upon incubation of cells with the crude venom and fractions F4, F5, and F7 and 60–70% for fractions F3 and F6. In addition, the crude and fractions F3–F7 venom proteins caused a drop in mitochondrial NAD+ and NADP+ levels equivalent to around 25% of control values. Whereas the crude and fractions F4, F5, and F7 venom proteins caused similar magnitude drops in NADH and NADPH (around 55% of control levels), fractions F3 and F6 caused a more drastic drop (60–70% of control levels) of both reduced coenzymes. Results indicate that the effects of venom proteins could be directed at the mitochondrial level and/or the rates of NAD+ and NADP+ biosynthesis.
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13
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Mailloux RJ, Willmore WG. S-glutathionylation reactions in mitochondrial function and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:68. [PMID: 25453035 PMCID: PMC4233936 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly efficient energy-transforming organelles that convert energy stored in nutrients into ATP. The production of ATP by mitochondria is dependent on oxidation of nutrients and coupling of exergonic electron transfer reactions to the genesis of transmembrane electrochemical potential of protons. Electrons can also prematurely “spin-off” from prosthetic groups in Krebs cycle enzymes and respiratory complexes and univalently reduce di-oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), important signaling molecules that can be toxic at high concentrations. Production of ATP and ROS are intimately linked by the respiratory chain and the genesis of one or the other inherently depends on the metabolic state of mitochondria. Various control mechanisms converge on mitochondria to adjust ATP and ROS output in response to changing cellular demands. One control mechanism that has gained a high amount of attention recently is S-glutathionylation, a redox sensitive covalent modification that involves formation of a disulfide bridge between glutathione and an available protein cysteine thiol. A number of S-glutathionylation targets have been identified in mitochondria. It has also been established that S-glutathionylation reactions in mitochondria are mediated by the thiol oxidoreductase glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2). In the following review, emerging knowledge on S-glutathionylation reactions and its importance in modulating mitochondrial ATP and ROS production will be discussed. Major focus will be placed on Complex I of the respiratory chain since (1) it is a target for reversible S-glutathionylation by Grx2 and (2) deregulation of Complex I S-glutathionylation is associated with development of various disease states particularly heart disease. Other mitochondrial enzymes and how their S-glutathionylation profile is affected in different disease states will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
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14
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Kasbi-Chadli F, Boquien CY, Simard G, Ulmann L, Mimouni V, Leray V, Meynier A, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Champ M, Nguyen P, Ouguerram K. Maternal supplementation with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during perinatal period alleviates the metabolic syndrome disturbances in adult hamster pups fed a high-fat diet after weaning. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:726-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tang M, Liu BJ, Wang SQ, Xu Y, Han P, Li PC, Wang ZJ, Song NH, Zhang W, Yin CJ. The role of mitochondrial aconitate (ACO2) in human sperm motility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 60:251-6. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.915360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Unsuspected task for an old team: succinate, fumarate and other Krebs cycle acids in metabolic remodeling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1330-7. [PMID: 24699309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seventy years from the formalization of the Krebs cycle as the central metabolic turntable sustaining the cell respiratory process, key functions of several of its intermediates, especially succinate and fumarate, have been recently uncovered. The presumably immutable organization of the cycle has been challenged by a number of observations, and the variable subcellular location of a number of its constitutive protein components is now well recognized, although yet unexplained. Nonetheless, the most striking observations have been made in the recent period while investigating human diseases, especially a set of specific cancers, revealing the crucial role of Krebs cycle intermediates as factors affecting genes methylation and thus cell remodeling. We review here the recent advances and persisting incognita about the role of Krebs cycle acids in diverse aspects of cellular life and human pathology.
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Makrecka M, Svalbe B, Volska K, Sevostjanovs E, Liepins J, Grinberga S, Pugovics O, Liepinsh E, Dambrova M. Mildronate, the inhibitor of L-carnitine transport, induces brain mitochondrial uncoupling and protects against anoxia-reoxygenation. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:55-61. [PMID: 24333219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The preservation of mitochondrial function is essential for normal brain function after ischaemia-reperfusion injury. l-carnitine is a cofactor involved in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Recently, it has been shown that mildronate, an inhibitor of l-carnitine transport, improves neurological outcome after ischaemic damage of brain tissues. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mitochondria targeted neuroprotective action of mildronate in the model of anoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury. Wistar rats were treated daily with mildronate (per os; 100mg/kg) for 14 days. The acyl-carnitine profile was determined in the brain tissues. Mitochondrial respiration and the activities of carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes were measured. To assess tolerance to ischaemia, isolated mitochondria were subjected to anoxia followed by reoxygenation. The mildronate treatment significantly reduced the concentrations of free l-carnitine (FC) and short-chain acyl-carnitine (AC) in brain tissue by 40-76%, without affecting the AC:FC ratio. The activities of CrAT and TCA cycle enzymes were slightly increased after mildronate treatment. Despite partially induced uncoupling, mildronate treatment did not affect mitochondrial bioenergetics function under normoxic conditions. After exposure to anoxia-reoxygenation, state 3 respiration and the respiration control ratio were higher in the mildronate-treated group. The results obtained demonstrate that mildronate treatment improves tolerance against anoxia-reoxygenation due to an uncoupling preconditioning-like effect. Regulating l-carnitine availability provides a potential novel target for the treatment of cerebral ischaemia and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Makrecka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dzirciema Str. 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Svalbe
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia; University of Latvia, Faculty of Medicine, Sarlotes St. 1a, Riga, LV-1001, Latvia
| | - Kristine Volska
- Riga Stradins University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dzirciema Str. 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Janis Liepins
- University of Latvia, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kronvalda Blvd. 4, Riga LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Osvalds Pugovics
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dzirciema Str. 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
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Desquiret-Dumas V, Gueguen N, Leman G, Baron S, Nivet-Antoine V, Chupin S, Chevrollier A, Vessières E, Ayer A, Ferré M, Bonneau D, Henrion D, Reynier P, Procaccio V. Resveratrol induces a mitochondrial complex I-dependent increase in NADH oxidation responsible for sirtuin activation in liver cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36662-75. [PMID: 24178296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.466490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to be involved in the regulation of energetic metabolism, generating increasing interest in therapeutic use. SIRT1 has been described as the main target of RSV. However, recent reports have challenged the hypothesis of its direct activation by RSV, and the signaling pathways remain elusive. Here, the effects of RSV on mitochondrial metabolism are detailed both in vivo and in vitro using murine and cellular models and isolated enzymes. We demonstrate that low RSV doses (1-5 μM) directly stimulate NADH dehydrogenases and, more specifically, mitochondrial complex I activity (EC50 ∼1 μM). In HepG2 cells, this complex I activation increases the mitochondrial NAD(+)/NADH ratio. This higher NAD(+) level initiates a SIRT3-dependent increase in the mitochondrial substrate supply pathways (i.e. the tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid oxidation). This effect is also seen in liver mitochondria of RSV-fed animals (50 mg/kg/day). We conclude that the increase in NADH oxidation by complex I is a crucial event for SIRT3 activation by RSV. Our results open up new perspectives in the understanding of the RSV signaling pathway and highlight the critical importance of RSV doses used for future clinical trials.
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Methanol extract of Desmodium gangeticum DC root mimetic post-conditioning effect in isolated perfused rat heart by stimulating muscarinic receptors. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:448-54. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Korpershoek E, Pacak K, Martiniova L. Murine models and cell lines for the investigation of pheochromocytoma: applications for future therapies? Endocr Pathol 2012; 23:43-54. [PMID: 22323007 PMCID: PMC3308007 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-012-9194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors arising from adrenal chromaffin cells. Tumors arising from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells are called paragangliomas. Metastases can occur up to approximately 60% or even more in specific subgroups of patients. There are still no well-established and clinically accepted "metastatic" markers available to determine whether a primary tumor is or will become malignant. Surgical resection is the most common treatment for non-metastatic PCCs, but no standard treatment/regimen is available for metastatic PCC. To investigate what kind of therapies are suitable for the treatment of metastatic PCC, animal models or cell lines are very useful. Over the last two decades, various mouse and rat models have been created presenting with PCC, which include models presenting tumors that are to a certain degree biochemically and/or molecularly similar to human PCC, and develop metastases. To be able to investigate which chemotherapeutic options could be useful for the treatment of metastatic PCC, cell lines such as mouse pheochromocytoma (MPC) and mouse tumor tissue (MTT) cells have been recently introduced and they both showed metastatic behavior. It appears these MPC and MTT cells are biochemically and molecularly similar to some human PCCs, are easily visualized by different imaging techniques, and respond to different therapies. These studies also indicate that some mouse models and both mouse PCC cell lines are suitable for testing new therapies for metastatic PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Korpershoek
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ae304, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hu JD, Tang HQ, Zhang Q, Fan J, Hong J, Gu JZ, Chen JL. Prediction of gastric cancer metastasis through urinary metabolomic investigation using GC/MS. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:727-34. [PMID: 21390142 PMCID: PMC3042650 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i6.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To gain new insights into tumor metabolism and to identify possible biomarkers with potential diagnostic values to predict tumor metastasis.
METHODS: Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were implanted into 24 severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice, which were randomly divided into metastasis group (n = 8), non-metastasis group (n = 8), and normal group (n = 8). Urinary metabolomic information was obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
RESULTS: There were significant metabolic differences among the three groups (t test, P < 0.05). Ten selected metabolites were different between normal and cancer groups (non-metastasis and metastasis groups), and seven metabolites were also different between non-metastasis and metastasis groups. Two diagnostic models for gastric cancer and metastasis were constructed respectively by the principal component analysis (PCA). These PCA models were confirmed by corresponding receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve = 1.00).
CONCLUSION: The urinary metabolomic profile is different, and the selected metabolites might be instructive to clinical diagnosis or screening metastasis for gastric cancer.
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Bouchard-Thomassin AA, Lachance D, Drolet MC, Couet J, Arsenault M. A high-fructose diet worsens eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy in experimental volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 300:H125-34. [PMID: 20971767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00199.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) can be affected by diet manipulation. Concentric LVH resulting from pressure overload can be worsened by feeding rats with a high-fructose diet. Eccentric LVH is a different type of hypertrophy and is associated with volume overload (VO) diseases. The impact of an abnormal diet on the development of eccentric LVH and on ventricular function in chronic VO is unknown. This study therefore examined the effects of a fructose-rich diet on LV eccentric hypertrophy, ventricular function, and myocardial metabolic enzymes in rats with chronic VO caused by severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR). Wistar rats were divided in four groups: sham-operated on control diet (SC; n = 13) or fructose-rich diet (SF; n = 13) and severe aortic regurgitation fed with the same diets [aortic regurgitation on control diet (ARC), n = 16, and aortic regurgitation on fructose-rich diet (ARF), n = 13]. Fructose-rich diet was started 1 wk before surgery, and the animals were euthanized 9 wk later. SF and ARF had high circulating triglycerides. ARC and ARF developed significant LV eccentric hypertrophy after 8 wk as expected. However, ARF developed more LVH than ARC. LV ejection fraction was slightly lower in the ARF compared with ARC. The increased LVH and decreased ejection fraction could not be explained by differences in hemodynamic load. SF, ARC, and ARF had lower phosphorylation levels of the AMP kinase compared with SC. A fructose-rich diet worsened LV eccentric hypertrophy and decreased LV function in a model of chronic VO caused by AR in rats. Normal animals fed the same diet did not develop these abnormalities. Hypertriglyceridemia may play a central role in this phenomenon as well as AMP kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Bouchard-Thomassin
- Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Bénit P, El-Khoury R, Schiff M, Sainsard-Chanet A, Rustin P. Genetic background influences mitochondrial function: modeling mitochondrial disease for therapeutic development. Trends Mol Med 2010; 16:210-7. [PMID: 20382561 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic background strongly influences the phenotype of human mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial biogenesis and function require up to 1500 nuclear genes, providing myriad opportunities for effects on disease expression. Phenotypic variability, combined with relative rarity, constitutes a major obstacle to establish cohorts for clinical trials. Animal models are, therefore, potentially valuable. However, several of these show no or very mild disease phenotypes compared with patients and can not be used for therapeutic studies. One reason might be the insufficient attention paid to the need for genetic diversity in order to capture the effects of genetic background on disease expression. Here, we use data from various models to emphasize the need to preserve genetic diversity when studying mitochondrial disease phenotypes or drug effects.
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