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Robinson TD, Chad JA, Sun YL, Chang PTH, Chen JJ. Testing retrogenesis and physiological explanations for tract-wise white matter aging: links to developmental order, fibre calibre, and vascularization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576373. [PMID: 38328223 PMCID: PMC10849490 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
To understand the consistently observed spatial distribution of white-matter (WM) aging, developmentally driven theories termed "retrogenesis" have gained traction, positing that the order of WM tract development predicts the order of declines. Regions that develop first are expected to deteriorate the last, i.e. "last-in-first-out". Alternatively, regions which develop most rapidly may also decline most rapidly in aging, or "gains-predict-loss". The validity of such theories remains uncertain, in part due to lack of clarity on the definition of developmental order. Importantly, our recent findings suggest that WM aging is also associated with physiological parameters such as perfusion, which may be linked to fibre metabolic need, which in turn varies with fibre size. Here we address the extent to which the degree of WM aging is determined by development trajectory (i.e. retrogenesis) and/or by physiological state. We obtained microstructural and perfusion measures using data from the Human Connectome Project in Aging (HCP-A), complemented by a meta-analysis involving maps of fibre calibre and macrovascular volume. Our results suggest that (1) while tracts that appear last or finish myelinating first in development display the slowest aging, the pattern of aging is not fully explained by retrogenesis; in fact, time courses of tract emergence and myelination give rise to opposite associations with WM decline; (2) tracts that appear earlier also have higher mean axon calibre and are also associated with lower degrees of WM microstructural aging; (3) such tracts also tend to exhibit relatively sustained CBF with a higher rate of lengthening of the arterial transit times (ATT), suggestive of collateral blood supply. These findings were also sex dependent in a tract-specific manner. Future work will investigate whether these are ultimately influenced by each tract's metabolic demand and the role of macrovascular collateral flow.
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Studler M, Gianotti LRR, Lobmaier J, Maric A, Knoch D. Human Prosocial Preferences Are Related to Slow-Wave Activity in Sleep. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0885232024. [PMID: 38467433 PMCID: PMC11007317 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0885-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Prosocial behavior is crucial for the smooth functioning of the society. Yet, individuals differ vastly in the propensity to behave prosocially. Here, we try to explain these individual differences under normal sleep conditions without any experimental modulation of sleep. Using a portable high-density EEG, we measured the sleep data in 54 healthy adults (28 females) during a normal night's sleep at the participants' homes. To capture prosocial preferences, participants played an incentivized public goods game in which they faced real monetary consequences. The whole-brain analyses showed that a higher relative slow-wave activity (SWA, an indicator of sleep depth) in a cluster of electrodes over the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) was associated with increased prosocial preferences. Source localization and current source density analyses further support these findings. Recent sleep deprivation studies imply that sleeping enough makes us more prosocial; the present findings suggest that it is not only sleep duration, but particularly sufficient sleep depth in the TPJ that is positively related to prosociality. Because the TPJ plays a central role in social cognitive functions, we speculate that sleep depth in the TPJ, as reflected by relative SWA, might serve as a dispositional indicator of social cognition ability, which is reflected in prosocial preferences. These findings contribute to the emerging framework explaining the link between sleep and prosocial behavior by shedding light on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Studler
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Lorena R R Gianotti
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Janek Lobmaier
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Angelina Maric
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Daria Knoch
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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Wang H, Ali Y, Max L. Perceptual formant discrimination during speech movement planning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561423. [PMID: 37873157 PMCID: PMC10592784 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Evoked potential studies have shown that speech planning modulates auditory cortical responses. The phenomenon's functional relevance is unknown. We tested whether, during this time window of cortical auditory modulation, there is an effect on speakers' perceptual sensitivity for vowel formant discrimination. Participants made same/different judgments for pairs of stimuli consisting of a pre-recorded, self-produced vowel and a formant-shifted version of the same production. Stimuli were presented prior to a "go" signal for speaking, prior to passive listening, and during silent reading. The formant discrimination stimulus /uh/ was tested with a congruent productions list (words with /uh/) and an incongruent productions list (words without /uh/). Logistic curves were fitted to participants' responses, and the just-noticeable difference (JND) served as a measure of discrimination sensitivity. We found a statistically significant effect of condition (worst discrimination before speaking) without congruency effect. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that JND was significantly greater before speaking than during silent reading. Thus, formant discrimination sensitivity was reduced during speech planning regardless of the congruence between discrimination stimulus and predicted acoustic consequences of the planned speech movements. This finding may inform ongoing efforts to determine the functional relevance of the previously reported modulation of auditory processing during speech planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Wang
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ludo Max
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Hong G, Fu X, Qi J, Shao B, Han X, Fang Y, Liu S, Cheng C, Zhu C, Gao J, Gao X, Chen J, Xia M, Xiong W, Chai R. Dock4 is required for the maintenance of cochlear hair cells and hearing function. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:557-569. [PMID: 38933554 PMCID: PMC11197514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory hair cells (HCs) are the mechanosensory receptors of the cochlea, and HC loss or malfunction can result from genetic defects. Dock4, a member of the Dock180-related protein superfamily, is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1, and previous reports have shown that Dock4 mutations are associated with autism spectrum disorder, myelodysplastic syndromes, and tumorigenesis. Here, we found that Dock4 is highly expressed in the cochlear HCs of mice. However, the role of Dock4 in the inner ear has not yet been investigated. Taking advantage of the piggyBac transposon system, Dock4 knockdown (KD) mice were established to explore the role of Dock4 in the cochlea. Compared to wild-type controls, Dock4 KD mice showed significant hearing impairment from postnatal day 60. Dock4 KD mice showed hair bundle deficits and increased oxidative stress, which eventually led to HC apoptosis, late-onset HC loss, and progressive hearing loss. Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies showed that Rac1/β-catenin signaling was significantly downregulated in Dock4 KD cochleae and that this was the cause for the disorganized stereocilia and increased oxidative stress in HCs. Overall, our work demonstrates that the Dock4/Rac1/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in the maintenance of auditory HCs and hearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Buwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chengwen Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Jiangsu Rehabilitation Research Center for Hearing and Speech Impairment, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong 250000, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
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White SM, Morningstar MD, De Falco E, Linsenbardt DN, Ma B, Parks MA, Czachowski CL, Lapish CC. Flexible coding schemes in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex underlie decision-making during delay discounting. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545101. [PMID: 37398190 PMCID: PMC10312702 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining how an agent decides between a small, immediate versus a larger, delayed reward has provided insight into the psychological and neural basis of decision-making. The tendency to excessively discount the value of delayed rewards is thought to reflect deficits in brain regions critical for impulse control such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This study tested the hypothesis that dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) is critically involved in flexibly managing neural representations of strategies that limit impulsive choices. Optogenetic silencing of neurons in the rat dmPFC increased impulsive choices at an 8 sec, but not 4 sec, delay. Neural recordings from dmPFC ensembles revealed that, at the 8-sec delay, the encoding landscape transitions to reflect a deliberative-like process rather than the schema-like processes observed at the 4-sec delay. These findings show that changes in the encoding landscape reflect changes in task demands and that dmPFC is uniquely involved in decisions requiring deliberation.
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Wæhler HA, Labba NA, Paulsen RE, Sandve GK, Eskeland R. ANDA: An open-source tool for automated image analysis of neuronal differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.27.538564. [PMID: 37162841 PMCID: PMC10168306 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.538564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Imaging of in vitro neuronal differentiation and measurements of cell morphologies has led to novel insights into neuronal development. Live-cell imaging techniques and large datasets of images has increased the demand for automated pipelines for quantitative analysis of neuronal morphological metrics. Results We present ANDA, an analysis workflow for quantification of various aspects of neuronal morphology from high-throughput live-cell imaging screens. This tool automates the analysis of neuronal cell numbers, neurite lengths and neurite attachment points. We used rat, chicken and human in vitro models for neuronal differentiation and have demonstrated the accuracy, versatility, and efficiency of the tool. Conclusions ANDA is an open-source tool that is easy to use and capable of automated processing from time-course measurements of neuronal cells. The strength of this pipeline is the capability to analyse high-throughput imaging screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallvard Austin Wæhler
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils-Anders Labba
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Elisabeth Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kjetil Sandve
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Jin H, Verma P, Jiang F, Nagarajan S, Raj A. Bayesian Inference of a Spectral Graph Model for Brain Oscillations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530704. [PMID: 36909647 PMCID: PMC10002745 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between brain functional connectivity and structural connectivity has caught extensive attention of the neuroscience community, commonly inferred using mathematical modeling. Among many modeling approaches, spectral graph model (SGM) is distinctive as it has a closed-form solution of the wide-band frequency spectra of brain oscillations, requiring only global biophysically interpretable parameters. While SGM is parsimonious in parameters, the determination of SGM parameters is non-trivial. Prior works on SGM determine the parameters through a computational intensive annealing algorithm, which only provides a point estimate with no confidence intervals for parameter estimates. To fill this gap, we incorporate the simulation-based inference (SBI) algorithm and develop a Bayesian procedure for inferring the posterior distribution of the SGM parameters. Furthermore, using SBI dramatically reduces the computational burden for inferring the SGM parameters. We evaluate the proposed SBI-SGM framework on the resting-state magnetoencephalography recordings from healthy subjects and show that the proposed procedure has similar performance to the annealing algorithm in recovering power spectra and the spatial distribution of the alpha frequency band. In addition, we also analyze the correlations among the parameters and their uncertainty with the posterior distribution which can not be done with annealing inference. These analyses provide a richer understanding of the interactions among biophysical parameters of the SGM. In general, the use of simulation-based Bayesian inference enables robust and efficient computations of generative model parameter uncertainties and may pave the way for the use of generative models in clinical translation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Jin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, USA San Francisco, CA
| | - Parul Verma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, USA San Francisco, CA
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, USA San Francisco, CA
| | - Srikantan Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, USA San Francisco, CA
| | - Ashish Raj
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, USA San Francisco, CA
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Li D, Guo X, Zhao W, Jingyu J, Xia C, Yu G. Genome-wide DNA methylation dynamics in carbon tetrachloride-induced mice liver fibrosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:85-92. [PMID: 36594057 PMCID: PMC9790058 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.66256.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Many persistent harmful stimuli can result in chronic liver diseases, which lead to about 2 million deaths per year in the whole world. Liver fibrosis was found to exist in all kinds of chronic liver diseases. Many studies suggested that DNA methylation was associated with the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to quantitatively detect DNA methylation changes in the whole genome in fibrotic liver tissues of mice. Materials and Methods Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 4 weeks. A genome-wide methylome analysis was performed using 850K BeadChips assays. The methylation status of 27 CpG dinucleotides located in 3 genes was detected by pyrosequencing to confirm chip data accuracy, and mRNA expressions of these 3 genes were examined by RT-qPCR methods. Results A total of 130,068 differentially methylated sites (DMS, 58,474 hypermethylated, and 71,594 hypomethylated) between fibrotic liver tissues and control mice liver tissues were identified by the 850k BeadChips array. Consistency between pyrosequencing data and 850k BeadChips array data was observed (R=0.928; P<0.01). Apoptosis, positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target, and negative regulation of p38MAPK signal cascade activities were significantly enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) analyses. Cholesterol metabolism, bile secretion, and more biosynthesis and metabolism pathways were enriched in KEGG pathway analyses. Ten key genes were identified by the Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba. Conclusion 7850 genes were found to have methylation change in fibrotic liver tissues of mice, which facilitates future research for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Li
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Xiaoshu Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China,Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, China,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jingyu Jingyu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cong Xia
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China,Corresponding author: Guoying Yu. State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China. Tel: +86-03733326340; Fax: +86-0373 3326524;
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Sanchez-Reolid R, Martinez-Saez MC, Garcia-Martinez B, Fernandez-Aguilar L, Segura LR, Latorre JM, Fernandez-Caballero A. Emotion Classification from EEG with a Low-Cost BCI Versus a High-End Equipment. Int J Neural Syst 2022; 32:2250041. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065722500411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kumar R, Aadil KR, Mondal K, Mishra YK, Oupicky D, Ramakrishna S, Kaushik A. Neurodegenerative disorders management: state-of-art and prospects of nano-biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1180-1212. [PMID: 34823433 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1993126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are highly prevalent among the aging population. It affects primarily the central nervous system (CNS) but the effects are also observed in the peripheral nervous system. Neural degeneration is a progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, which may ultimately involve cell death. Such patients suffer from debilitating memory loss and altered motor coordination which bring up non-affordable and unavoidable socio-economic burdens. Due to the unavailability of specific therapeutics and diagnostics, the necessity to control or manage NDs raised the demand to investigate and develop efficient alternative approaches. Keeping trends and advancements in view, this report describes both state-of-the-art and challenges in nano-biotechnology-based approaches to manage NDs, toward personalized healthcare management. Sincere efforts are being made to customize nano-theragnostics to control: therapeutic cargo packaging, delivery to the brain, nanomedicine of higher efficacy, deep brain stimulation, implanted stimulation, and managing brain cell functioning. These advancements are useful to design future therapy based on the severity of the patient's neurodegenerative disease. However, we observe a lack of knowledge shared among scientists of a variety of expertise to explore this multi-disciplinary research field for NDs management. Consequently, this review will provide a guideline platform that will be useful in developing novel smart nano-therapies by considering the aspects and advantages of nano-biotechnology to manage NDs in a personalized manner. Nano-biotechnology-based approaches have been proposed as effective and affordable alternatives at the clinical level due to recent advancements in nanotechnology-assisted theragnostics, targeted delivery, higher efficacy, and minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Keshaw Ram Aadil
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - David Oupicky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA
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Cerebellar Kv3.3 potassium channels activate TANK-binding kinase 1 to regulate trafficking of the cell survival protein Hax-1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1731. [PMID: 33741962 PMCID: PMC7979925 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KCNC3, which encodes the Kv3.3 potassium channel, cause degeneration of the cerebellum, but exactly how the activity of an ion channel is linked to the survival of cerebellar neurons is not understood. Here, we report that Kv3.3 channels bind and stimulate Tank Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1), an enzyme that controls trafficking of membrane proteins into multivesicular bodies, and that this stimulation is greatly increased by a disease-causing Kv3.3 mutation. TBK1 activity is required for the binding of Kv3.3 to its auxiliary subunit Hax-1, which prevents channel inactivation with depolarization. Hax-1 is also an anti-apoptotic protein required for survival of cerebellar neurons. Overactivation of TBK1 by the mutant channel leads to the loss of Hax-1 by its accumulation in multivesicular bodies and lysosomes, and also stimulates exosome release from neurons. This process is coupled to activation of caspases and increased cell death. Our studies indicate that Kv3.3 channels are directly coupled to TBK1-dependent biochemical pathways that determine the trafficking of cellular constituents and neuronal survival. How the activity of the neuronal Kv3.3 voltage-dependent channel is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors show that the known Kv3.3 channel complex with Hax1, which affects spinal cerebellar ataxia, regulates the enzyme Tank Binding Kinase 1, modulating survival of cerebellar neurons.
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12
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Yosef N, Xi Y, McCarty JH. Isolation and transcriptional characterization of mouse perivascular astrocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240035. [PMID: 33031376 PMCID: PMC7544046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-natal mammalian brain perivascular astrocytes (PAs) ensheath blood vessels to regulate their unique permeability properties known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Very little is known about PA-expressed genes and signaling pathways that mediate contact and communication with endothelial cells (ECs) to regulate BBB physiology. This is due, in part, to lack of suitable models to distinguish PAs from other astrocyte sub-populations in the brain. To decipher the unique biology of PAs, we used in vivo gene knock-in technology to fluorescently label these cells in the adult mouse brain followed by fractionation and quantitative single cell RNA sequencing. In addition, PAs and non-PAs were also distinguished with transgenic fluorescent reporters followed by gene expression comparisons using bulk RNA sequencing. These efforts have identified several genes and pathways in PAs with potential roles in contact and communication with brain ECs. These genes encode various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and adhesion receptors, secreted growth factors, and intracellular signaling enzymes. Collectively, our experimental data reveal a set of genes that are expressed in PAs with putative roles in BBB physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejla Yosef
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Joseph H. McCarty
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
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13
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Lee CP, Nithiyanantham S, Hsu HT, Yeh KT, Kuo TM, Ko YC. ALPK1 regulates streptozotocin-induced nephropathy through CCL2 and CCL5 expressions. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7699-7708. [PMID: 31557402 PMCID: PMC6815771 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ALPK1 is associated with chronic kidney disease, gout and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Raised renal ALPK1 level in patients with diabetes was reported. Accelerated fibrotic nephropathies were observed in hyperglycaemic mice with up-regulated ALPK1. The aim of this study was to identify the mediators contributing to ALPK1 effect involving in nephropathies induction. The haematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical analysis of ALPK1, NFkB, CCL2 and CCL5 were performed in the mice kidney. Cytokine antibody array analysis was performed in streptozotocin-treated wild-type mice (WT-STZ) and streptozotocin-treated ALPK1 transgenic mice (TG-STZ). The ALPK1 levels were measured in mice kidney and in cultured cells. We found that the higher levels of renal CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/Rantes and G-CSF expression in TG-STZ compared with the WT-STZ. Glucose increased ALPK1 expressions in monocytic THP1 and human kidney-2 cells. The protein expression of ALPK1, NFkB and lectin was up-regulated in glucose-treated HK-2 cells. Knockdown of ALPK1 reduced CCL2 and CCL5 mRNA levels, whereas overexpressed ALPK1 increased CCL2 and CCL5 in cultured kidney cells. Taken together, these results show that high glucose increases ALPK1 and chemokine levels in the kidney. Elevated ALPK1 expression enhances renal CCL2 and CCL5 expressions in vivo and in vitro. ALPK1 is a mediator for CCL2 and CCL5 chemokine up-regulation involving in diabetic nephropathies induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Pin Lee
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Srinivasan Nithiyanantham
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Hsu
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Min Kuo
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Williams LB, Javed A, Sabri A, Morgan DJ, Huff CD, Grigg JR, Heng XT, Khng AJ, Hollink IHIM, Morrison MA, Owen LA, Anderson K, Kinard K, Greenlees R, Novacic D, Nida Sen H, Zein WM, Rodgers GM, Vitale AT, Haider NB, Hillmer AM, Ng PC, Shankaracharya, Cheng A, Zheng L, Gillies MC, van Slegtenhorst M, van Hagen PM, Missotten TOAR, Farley GL, Polo M, Malatack J, Curtin J, Martin F, Arbuckle S, Alexander SI, Chircop M, Davila S, Digre KB, Jamieson RV, DeAngelis MM. ALPK1 missense pathogenic variant in five families leads to ROSAH syndrome, an ocular multisystem autosomal dominant disorder. Genet Med 2019; 21:2103-2115. [PMID: 30967659 PMCID: PMC6752478 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify the molecular cause in five unrelated families with a distinct autosomal dominant ocular systemic disorder we called ROSAH syndrome due to clinical features of retinal dystrophy, optic nerve edema, splenomegaly, anhidrosis, and migraine headache. Methods Independent discovery exome and genome sequencing in families 1, 2, and 3, and confirmation in families 4 and 5. Expression of wild-type messenger RNA and protein in human and mouse tissues and cell lines. Ciliary assays in fibroblasts from affected and unaffected family members. Results We found the heterozygous missense variant in the ɑ-kinase gene, ALPK1, (c.710C>T, [p.Thr237Met]), segregated with disease in all five families. All patients shared the ROSAH phenotype with additional low-grade ocular inflammation, pancytopenia, recurrent infections, and mild renal impairment in some. ALPK1 was notably expressed in retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and optic nerve, with immunofluorescence indicating localization to the basal body of the connecting cilium of the photoreceptors, and presence in the sweat glands. Immunocytofluorescence revealed expression at the centrioles and spindle poles during metaphase, and at the base of the primary cilium. Affected family member fibroblasts demonstrated defective ciliogenesis. Conclusion Heterozygosity for ALPK1, p.Thr237Met leads to ROSAH syndrome, an autosomal dominant ocular systemic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd B Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Asif Javed
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Amin Sabri
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Denise J Morgan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John R Grigg
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Margaux A Morrison
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leah A Owen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Krista Kinard
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca Greenlees
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danica Novacic
- National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Nida Sen
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George M Rodgers
- Department of Hematology, Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Albert T Vitale
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Neena B Haider
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pauline C Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shankaracharya
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anson Cheng
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda Zheng
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark C Gillies
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Polo
- Drs. Farley, Polo and Ho, Colonial Heights, VA, USA
| | - James Malatack
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Julie Curtin
- Department of Haematology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan Arbuckle
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan Chircop
- Cell Cycle Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Davila
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kathleen B Digre
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Disciplines of Genomic Medicine, and Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Margaret M DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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15
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ALPK1 Expression Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis and Tumor Growth in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:190-199. [PMID: 30315765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant cancer, with high mortality rates in advanced stages. Recent studies have shown that the expression of ALPK1 mRNA and its inhibitory differentiation function are associated with cancer progression. However, the expression and clinicopathologic features of ALPK1 in OSCC remain unexplored. Herein, the authors investigated the expression patterns of ALPK1 in 39 matched OSCC patients and examined the relationship between ALPK1 protein expression and clinicopathologic factors using immunohistochemical scores. Using Western blot analysis, ALPK1 expression was found to be significantly higher in tumor tissues than that in nontumor tissues. Through an immunoreactive scoring system, a significantly higher number of advanced-stage tumor size T4 and lymph node metastasis N2 exhibited higher ALPK1 expression levels than that exhibited by T1/T2/T3 tumors and N0/N1. In addition, ALPK1 protein expression was aberrant in malignant oral cancer cell lines compared with that in pre-malignant oral epithelial cells, whereas minimal expression was observed in normal oral epithelial cells. Knockdown of ALPK1 resulted in a significant reduction in cell growth, migration, and invasion capacity in vitro. Consequently, expression of N-cadherin and vimentin decreased in ALPK1-deficient cells. Thus, these results suggest that ALPK1 serves as a potential biomarker and target for OSCC development in late stages.
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16
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Ryzhakov G, West NR, Franchini F, Clare S, Ilott NE, Sansom SN, Bullers SJ, Pearson C, Costain A, Vaughan-Jackson A, Goettel JA, Ermann J, Horwitz BH, Buti L, Lu X, Mukhopadhyay S, Snapper SB, Powrie F. Alpha kinase 1 controls intestinal inflammation by suppressing the IL-12/Th1 axis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3797. [PMID: 30228258 PMCID: PMC6143560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are heterogenous disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a spectrum of genetic and environmental factors. In mice, overlapping regions of chromosome 3 have been associated with susceptibility to IBD-like pathology, including a locus called Hiccs. However, the specific gene that controls disease susceptibility remains unknown. Here we identify a Hiccs locus gene, Alpk1 (encoding alpha kinase 1), as a potent regulator of intestinal inflammation. In response to infection with the commensal pathobiont Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh), Alpk1-deficient mice display exacerbated interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 dependent colitis characterized by an enhanced Th1/interferon(IFN)-γ response. Alpk1 controls intestinal immunity via the hematopoietic system and is highly expressed by mononuclear phagocytes. In response to Hh, Alpk1-/- macrophages produce abnormally high amounts of IL-12, but not IL-23. This study demonstrates that Alpk1 promotes intestinal homoeostasis by regulating the balance of type 1/type 17 immunity following microbial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Ryzhakov
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel R West
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
- Genentech, Department of Cancer Immunology, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Fanny Franchini
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas E Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Bullers
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Costain
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Alun Vaughan-Jackson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joerg Ermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ludovico Buti
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Scott B Snapper
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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17
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Wang W, Ji A, Manoonpong P, Shen H, Hu J, Dai Z, Yu Z. Lateral undulation of the flexible spine of sprawling posture vertebrates. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:707-719. [PMID: 29974192 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sprawling posture vertebrates have a flexible spine that bends the trunk primarily in the horizontal plane during locomotion. By coordinating cyclical lateral trunk flexion and limb movements, these animals are very mobile and show extraordinary maneuverability. The dynamic and static stability displayed in complex and changing environments are highly correlated with such lateral bending patterns. The axial dynamics of their compliant body can also be critical for achieving energy-efficient locomotion at high velocities. In this paper, lateral undulation is used to characterize the bending pattern. The production of ground reaction forces (GRFs) and the related center of mass (COM) dynamics during locomotion are the fundamental mechanisms to be considered. Mainly based on research on geckos, which show unrestricted movement in three-dimensional space, we review current knowledge on the trunk flexibility and waveforms of lateral trunk movement. We investigate locomotion dynamics and mechanisms underlying the lateral undulation pattern. This paper also provides insights into the roles of this pattern in obtaining flexible and efficient walking, running, and climbing. Finally, we discuss the potential application of lateral undulation patterns to bio-inspired robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, China.,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihong Ji
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Poramate Manoonpong
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, China.,Embodied AI and Neurorobotics Lab, Centre for Biorobotics, Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Huan Shen
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, China.,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Zhendong Dai
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Zhiwei Yu
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, China
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18
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Justen C, Herbert C. The spatio-temporal dynamics of deviance and target detection in the passive and active auditory oddball paradigm: a sLORETA study. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:25. [PMID: 29673322 PMCID: PMC5909247 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have investigated the neural underpinnings of passive and active deviance and target detection in the well-known auditory oddball paradigm by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The present auditory oddball study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of passive versus active deviance and target detection by analyzing amplitude modulations of early and late ERPs while at the same time exploring the neural sources underling this modulation with standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA)
. Methods A 64-channel EEG was recorded from twelve healthy right-handed participants while listening to ‘standards’ and ‘deviants’ (500 vs. 1000 Hz pure tones) during a passive (block 1) and an active (block 2) listening condition. During passive listening, participants had to simply listen to the tones. During active listening they had to attend and press a key in response to the deviant tones. Results Passive and active listening elicited an N1 component, a mismatch negativity (MMN) as difference potential (whose amplitudes were temporally overlapping with the N1) and a P3 component. N1/MMN and P3 amplitudes were significantly more pronounced for deviants as compared to standards during both listening conditions. Active listening augmented P3 modulation to deviants significantly compared to passive listening, whereas deviance detection as indexed by N1/MMN modulation was unaffected by the task. During passive listening, sLORETA contrasts (deviants > standards) revealed significant activations in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the lingual gyri bilaterally (N1/MMN) as well as in the left and right insulae (P3). During active listening, significant activations were found for the N1/MMN in the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and for the P3 in multiple cortical regions (e.g., precuneus). Discussion The results provide evidence for the hypothesis that passive as well as active deviance and target detection elicit cortical activations in spatially distributed brain regions and neural networks including the ventral attention network (VAN), dorsal attention network (DAN) and salience network (SN). Based on the temporal activation of the neural sources underlying ERP modulations, a neurophysiological model of passive and active deviance and target detection is proposed which can be tested in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Justen
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute of Psychology and Education, Applied Emotion and Motivation Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herbert
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Applied Emotion and Motivation Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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19
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Strietz J, Stepputtis SS, Preca BT, Vannier C, Kim MM, Castro DJ, Au Q, Boerries M, Busch H, Aza-Blanc P, Heynen-Genel S, Bronsert P, Kuster B, Stickeler E, Brabletz T, Oshima RG, Maurer J. ERN1 and ALPK1 inhibit differentiation of bi-potential tumor-initiating cells in human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83278-83293. [PMID: 27829216 PMCID: PMC5347769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous by nature. While traditional oncology screens commonly use a single endpoint of cell viability, altering the phenotype of tumor-initiating cells may reveal alternative targets that regulate cellular growth by processes other than apoptosis or cell division. We evaluated the impact of knocking down expression of 420 kinases in bi-lineage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells that express characteristics of both myoepithelial and luminal cells. Knockdown of ERN1 or ALPK1 induces bi-lineage MDA-MB-468 cells to lose the myoepithelial marker keratin 5 but not the luminal markers keratin 8 and GATA3. In addition, these cells exhibit increased β-casein production. These changes are associated with decreased proliferation and clonogenicity in spheroid cultures and anchorage-independent growth assays. Confirmation of these assays was completed in vivo, where ERN1- or ALPK1-deficient TNBC cells are less tumorigenic. Finally, treatment with K252a, a kinase inhibitor active on ERN1, similarly impairs anchorage-independent growth of multiple breast cancer cell lines. This study supports the strategy to identify new molecular targets for types of cancer driven by cells that retain some capacity for normal differentiation to a non-tumorigenic phenotype. ERN1 and ALPK1 are potential targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Strietz
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stella S Stepputtis
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bogdan-Tiberius Preca
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinne Vannier
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mihee M Kim
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David J Castro
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qingyan Au
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment at The DKFZ Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment at The DKFZ Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Aza-Blanc
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bronsert
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Partner Site of the German Cancer Consortium, Freising, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of OBGYN, University Clinic Aachen (UKA), Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert G Oshima
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Salehi M, Naseri-Nosar M, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Nourani M, Khojasteh A, Farzamfar S, Mansouri K, Ai J. Polyurethane/Gelatin Nanofibrils Neural Guidance Conduit Containing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Melatonin for Transplantation of Schwann Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:703-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Darmon D, Rapp PE. Specific transfer entropy and other state-dependent transfer entropies for continuous-state input-output systems. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:022121. [PMID: 28950488 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.022121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Since its original formulation in 2000, transfer entropy has become an invaluable tool in the toolbox of nonlinear dynamicists working with empirical data. Transfer entropy and its generalizations provide a precise definition of uncertainty and information transfer that are central to the coupled systems studied in nonlinear science. However, a canonical definition of state-dependent transfer entropy has yet to be introduced. We introduce a candidate measure, the specific transfer entropy, and compare its properties to both total and local transfer entropy. Specific transfer entropy makes possible both state- and time-resolved analysis of the predictive impact of a candidate input system on a candidate output system. We also present principled methods for estimating total, local, and specific transfer entropies from empirical data. We demonstrate the utility of specific transfer entropy and our proposed estimation procedures with two model systems, and find that specific transfer entropy provides more, and more easily interpretable, information about an input-output system compared to currently existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Darmon
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA and The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Paul E Rapp
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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Leishman E, Kunkler PE, Manchanda M, Sangani K, Stuart JM, Oxford GS, Hurley JH, Bradshaw HB. Environmental Toxin Acrolein Alters Levels of Endogenous Lipids, Including TRP Agonists: A Potential Mechanism for Headache Driven by TRPA1 Activation. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2017; 1:28-36. [PMID: 29430557 PMCID: PMC5802349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne toxins can trigger headaches, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Some environmental toxins, such as acrolein, activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a receptor involved in pain sensation that is highly expressed in the trigeminovascular system. It has been shown in rat models that repeated exposure to acrolein induces trigeminovascular sensitization to both TRPA1 and TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonists, a phenomenon linked to headache. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the sensitization of trigeminovascular responses in rats after acrolein exposure via inhalation is associated with changes in levels of endogenous lipids, including TRPV1 agonists, in the trigeminal ganglia, trigeminal nucleus, and cerebellum. Lipidomics analysis of 80 lipids was performed on each tissue after acute acrolein, chronic acrolein, or room air control. Both acute and chronic acrolein exposure drove widespread alterations in lipid levels. After chronic acrolein exposure, levels of all 6 N-acyl ethanolamines in the screening library, including the endogenous cannabinoid and TRPV1 agonist, N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine, were elevated in trigeminal tissue and in the cerebellum. This increase in TRPV1 ligands by acrolein exposure may indicate further downstream signaling, in that we also show here that a combination of these TRPV1 endogenous agonists increases the potency of the individual ligands in TRPV1-HEK cells. In addition to these TRPV1 agonists, 3 TRPV3 antagonists, 4 TRPV4 agonists, and 25 orphan lipids were up and down regulated after acrolein exposure. These data support the hypothesis that lipid signaling may represent a mechanism by which repeated exposure to the TRPA1 agonist and environmental toxin, acrolein, drives trigeminovascular sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Phillip E. Kunkler
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15 Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Meera Manchanda
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kishan Sangani
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jordyn M. Stuart
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Gerry S. Oxford
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15 Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joyce H. Hurley
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15 Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Heather B. Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Kuo TM, Hsu HT, Chung CM, Yeh KT, Wu CT, Lee CP, Chiang SL, Huang CM, Ko YC. Enhanced alpha-kinase 1 accelerates multiple early nephropathies in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2034-2042. [PMID: 27542954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), type 2 diabetes mellitus and gout. Elevated ALPK1 levels have been observed in the kidneys of patients with diabetes and the white blood cells of patients with gout. As renal injury is a common outcome of CKD, diabetes and gout, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ALPK1 in the development of renal injury in a hyperglycemic condition. Hyperglycemia was induced in wild-type and ALPK1 transgenic mice by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Functional and histological examinations were performed after 3weeks. STZ-treated ALPK1 transgenic mice exclusively showed arteriolar sclerosis and fibrous thickening of the Bowman's capsule in the kidney. This was accompanied by body weight loss, severe hyperglycemia, and low serum insulin levels. Renal renin and serum renin protein levels were higher in STZ-treated ALPK1 transgenic mice, whereas cGKII protein level was decreased by ALPK1 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. ALPK1 up-regulated TGF-beta1 levels and transcription of fibrosis-related genes, including MMP-9, FIBRONECTIN, and TIMP1. MSU crystals increased ALPK1 transcription in cultured kidney cells. Finally, ALPK1 enhanced production of MSU crystals-induced IL-1beta in mice. Stimulation of soluble sodium urate induced IL-1beta and Alpk1 mRNA production in mice kidney. Taken together, these data show that an increase in ALPK1 results in accelerated fibrotic nephropathies, primarily through the enhancement of renin, TGF-beta1, and IL-1beta. Renal or blood ALPK1 levels are involved in the induction of fibrotic renal injury in an experimental model of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzer-Min Kuo
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Chung
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Pin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lun Chiang
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicines, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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ALPK1 phosphorylates myosin IIA modulating TNF-α trafficking in gout flares. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25740. [PMID: 27169898 PMCID: PMC4864424 DOI: 10.1038/srep25740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is characterized by the monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU)-induced arthritis. Alpha kinase-1 (ALPK1) has shown to be associated with MSU-induced inflammation and gout. Here, we used bioinformatics, proteomics, cell models, and twenty in vitro human assays to clarify some of its role in the inflammatory response to MSU. We found myosin IIA to be a frequent interacting protein partner of ALPK1, binding to its N-terminal and forming a protein complex with calmodulin and F-actin, and that MSU-induced ALPK1 phosphorylated the myosin IIA. A knockdown of endogenous ALPK1 or myosin IIA significantly reduced the MSU-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Furthermore, all gouty patients expressed higher basal protein levels of ALPK1, myosin IIA, and plasma TNF-α, however those medicated with colchicine has shown reduced myosin IIA and TNF-α but not ALPK1. The findings suggest ALPK1 is a kinase that participates in the regulation of Golgi-derived TNF-α trafficking through myosin IIA phosphorylation in the inflammation of gout. This novel pathway could be blocked at the level of myosin by colchicine in gout treatment.
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Kuo TM, Yeh KT, Hsu HT, Chiang SL, Chang JG, Huang CM, Tu HP, Liu CS, Ko YC. ALPK1 affects testosterone mediated regulation of proinflammatory cytokines production. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:150-8. [PMID: 26275947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-protein kinase 1, also known as alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1), is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), myocardial infarction, gout and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to having an inductive effect on the proinflammatory cytokines in monocytic THP1 cells, ALPK1 is expressed abundantly in the mouse testes. Low testosterone levels are commonly associated with arthritis, CKD, type 2 DM, cardiovascular disease and inflammation. The testosterone's anti-inflammatory effect has been demonstrated to reduce proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. In this study, we found that ALPK1 transgenic mice showed lower levels of testosterone in both the testes and the serum. Decreasing endogenous ALPK1 enhanced testosterone levels and transcripts of testosterone-regulated genes (P450scc, 3beta-HSD, P450C17, 17beta-HSD, StAR, and INSL3) in TM3 Leydig cells. In contrast, increasing testosterone decreased ALPK1 in both TM3 and monocytic THP1 cells. This decrease was accompanied by a reduction of the proinflammatory cytokines. Increased ALPK1 levels attenuated the testosterone effects in THP1 cells. Finally, we also found that ALPK1 increased the release of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells, while testosterone inhibited ALPK1 in the primary kidney cells. Taken together, this data suggests that the balance between ALPK1 and testosterone plays a critical role in the testosterone-mediated inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzer-Min Kuo
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lun Chiang
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, College of Management, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Centre, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Haanes KA, Kruse LS, Wulf-Johansson H, Stottrup CC, Sorensen GL, Edvinsson L. Contractile Changes in the Vasculature After Subchronic Smoking: A Comparison Between Wild Type and Surfactant Protein D Knock-Out Mice. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:642-6. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ding S, Xu T, Wu X. Generation of genetically engineered mice by the piggyBac transposon system. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1194:171-85. [PMID: 25064103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1215-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mice (GEM) are invaluable tools not only for understanding mammalian biology but also for modeling human diseases. Here we present protocols to generate GEM with the piggyBac (PB) transposon system. In the first part, we describe a transgenic procedure that co-injects the transgene carried by a PB donor plasmid and a PB transposase (PBase)-expressing helper plasmid into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs. In the second part, we provide a large-scale, cost-effective insertional mutagenesis strategy that remobilizes single-copy PB transposons in the male germ line. Given that PB can transpose in a broad spectrum of eukaryotic hosts, the protocols described here could be adapted for other species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan-Yale Biomedical Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Kim H, Bayley M, Dawson D, Mollayeva T, Colantonio A. Characteristics and functional outcomes of brain injury caused by physical assault in Canada: a population-based study from an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Disabil Rehabil 2013; 35:2213-20. [PMID: 23480674 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.774063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the characteristics and inpatient rehabilitation outcomes of persons who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from physical assault - a form of intentional TBI - and compare these outcomes to those of persons with TBI resulting from other aetiologies. METHOD A prospective population-based cohort study using inpatient rehabilitation data from Canadian population-based administrative databases for the fiscal years 2001-2006. Outcome measures were measures of functional independence (motor and cognitive), as measured by the FIM™ Instrument, and discharge destinations. RESULTS Characteristics associated with intentional TBI were being male, younger in age and unemployed; living alone and having a greater likelihood of alcohol/drug abuse prior to admission. The intentional TBI group showed poorer total functional gains at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Multivariate regression analyses showed that persons with intentional injury were less likely to be discharged home. CONCLUSIONS Persons with TBI from physical assault are a distinct clinical group in Canadian inpatient rehabilitation settings. These findings can support clinicians in determining proper assessment, management, discharge planning and post-rehabilitation care that target specific needs of persons with TBI resulting from physical assault. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Clinicians should have appropriate training to properly assess the mental health status of this patient group. Inpatient rehabilitation facilities should be prepared to provide services targeting psychosocial, substance abuse and interpersonal relationship issues to persons with a TBI from physical assault while patients are still within a hospital setting. Follow-up clinical care and community support services are warranted for those with intentional TBIs, including provision of occupational rehabilitation services, such as vocational rehabilitation. The discharge team should be responsible for ensuring appropriate discharge to community in the absence of family or other advocates on behalf of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Daegu University , Gyeongbuk , Republic of Korea
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The connection-set algebra--a novel formalism for the representation of connectivity structure in neuronal network models. Neuroinformatics 2012; 10:287-304. [PMID: 22437992 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-012-9146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The connection-set algebra (CSA) is a novel and general formalism for the description of connectivity in neuronal network models, from small-scale to large-scale structure. The algebra provides operators to form more complex sets of connections from simpler ones and also provides parameterization of such sets. CSA is expressive enough to describe a wide range of connection patterns, including multiple types of random and/or geometrically dependent connectivity, and can serve as a concise notation for network structure in scientific writing. CSA implementations allow for scalable and efficient representation of connectivity in parallel neuronal network simulators and could even allow for avoiding explicit representation of connections in computer memory. The expressiveness of CSA makes prototyping of network structure easy. A C+ + version of the algebra has been implemented and used in a large-scale neuronal network simulation (Djurfeldt et al., IBM J Res Dev 52(1/2):31-42, 2008b) and an implementation in Python has been publicly released.
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Park H, Lee S, Kim HJ, Ju YS, Shin JY, Hong D, von Grotthuss M, Lee DS, Park C, Kim JH, Kim B, Yoo YJ, Cho SI, Sung J, Lee C, Kim JI, Seo JS. Comprehensive genomic analyses associate UGT8 variants with musical ability in a Mongolian population. J Med Genet 2012; 49:747-52. [PMID: 23118445 PMCID: PMC3512346 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Musical abilities such as recognising music and singing performance serve as means for communication and are instruments in sexual selection. Specific regions of the brain have been found to be activated by musical stimuli, but these have rarely been extended to the discovery of genes and molecules associated with musical ability. Methods A total of 1008 individuals from 73 families were enrolled and a pitch-production accuracy test was applied to determine musical ability. To identify genetic loci and variants that contribute to musical ability, we conducted family-based linkage and association analyses, and incorporated the results with data from exome sequencing and array comparative genomic hybridisation analyses. Results We found significant evidence of linkage at 4q23 with the nearest marker D4S2986 (LOD=3.1), whose supporting interval overlaps a previous study in Finnish families, and identified an intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1251078, p=8.4×10−17) near UGT8, a gene highly expressed in the central nervous system and known to act in brain organisation. In addition, a non-synonymous SNP in UGT8 was revealed to be highly associated with musical ability (rs4148254, p=8.0×10−17), and a 6.2 kb copy number loss near UGT8 showed a plausible association with musical ability (p=2.9×10−6). Conclusions This study provides new insight into the genetics of musical ability, exemplifying a methodology to assign functional significance to synonymous and non-coding alleles by integrating multiple experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansoo Park
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lymphocyte α-kinase is a gout-susceptible gene involved in monosodium urate monohydrate-induced inflammatory responses. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:1241-51. [PMID: 21822924 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular functions and pathophysiologic role of the lymphocyte α-kinase gene (ALPK1) in gout are unknown. We aimed to examine ALPK1 expression in patients with gout and investigate its role in monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU)-induced inflammatory responses. Microarray data mining was performed with six datasets containing three clinical gout and three volunteer samples. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to profile ALPK1 mRNA expression in 62 independent samples. RNA interference for ALPK1 suppression in THP1 cells (human monocytic cell line) was used to scrutinize the functional role of ALPK1 in MSU-mediated inflammatory responses, and ALPK1 expression in MSU-treated THP1 cells was determined by qPCR and Western blot analysis. Cytokine mRNA expression in HEK293 cells after incubation with different concentrations of MSU crystals in the presence or absence of ALPK1 was also detected by qPCR, and ERK1/2, p38, and JNK expressions were investigated by Western blot analysis. ALPK1 mRNA was overexpressed in the clinical gout samples. MSU treatment promoted ALPK1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, ALPK1 knockdown in THP1 cells resulted in a markedly decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8 mRNA expression; plasmid ALPK1 transfection and MSU stimulation synergistically increased the mRNA expression of these cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner. The synergistic effect also led to ERK1/2 activation. ALPK1 is a gout-susceptible gene involved in MSU-induced inflammatory responses. It may contribute to the development of gout by enhancing the inflammatory responses via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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