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Zajíčková M, Prchal L, Navrátilová M, Vodvárková N, Matoušková P, Vokřál I, Nguyen LT, Skálová L. Sertraline as a new potential anthelmintic against Haemonchus contortus: toxicity, efficacy, and biotransformation. Vet Res 2021; 52:143. [PMID: 34895342 PMCID: PMC8666012 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a parasitic nematode of ruminants which causes significant losses to many farmers worldwide. Since the drugs currently in use for the treatment of haemonchosis are losing their effectiveness due to the drug-resistance of this nematode, a new or repurposed drug is highly needed. As the antipsychotic drug sertraline (SRT) has been shown to be effective against the parasitic nematodes Trichuris muris, Ancylostoma caninum and Schistosoma mansoni, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effect of SRT on H. contortus. The potential hepatotoxicity of SRT was tested in sheep, a common H. contortus host. In addition, the main metabolic pathways of SRT in H. contortus and the ovine liver were identified. While no effect of SRT on H. contortus egg hatching was observed, SRT was found to significantly decrease the viability of H. contortus adults in drug-sensitive and resistant strains, with its effect comparable to the commonly used anthelmintics levamisole and monepantel. Moreover, SRT in anthelmintically active concentrations showed no toxicity to the ovine liver. Biotransformation of SRT in H. contortus was weak, with most of the drug remaining unmetabolized. Production of the main metabolite hydroxy-SRT did not differ significantly between strains. Other minor metabolites such as SRT-O-glucoside, dihydroxy-SRT, and SRT-ketone were also identified in H. contorts adults. Compared to H. contortus, the ovine liver metabolized SRT more extensively, mainly via desmethylation and glucuronidation. In conclusion, the potency of SRT against H. contortus was proven, and it should be tested further toward possible repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Zajíčková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Navrátilová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Vodvárková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Vokřál
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Linh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Langhansova L, Pumprova K, Haisel D, Ekrt L, Pavicic A, Zajíčková M, Vanek T, Dvorakova M. European ferns as rich sources of antioxidants in the human diet. Food Chem 2021; 356:129637. [PMID: 33813205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wild edible plants have become an attractive variation of the human diet, especially in East Asia, North America, and Oceania. However, their potential in nutrition is only rarely considered in Europe. This study aims to reveal the nutritional and antioxidant potential of mature fern leaves from 13 families grown in Europe. We found that most of the examined fern species displayed a high antioxidant capacity, exceeding 0.5 g Trolox equivalent per gram of extract dry weight in ORAC assay and reaching IC50 values lower than 30 µg·mL-1 in DPPH assay (with the value for Trolox 7 µg·mL-1). Most of the species also appeared to be a good source of carotenoids, especially of lutein (205 µg·g-1 DW on average) and β-carotene (161 µg·g-1 DW on average) when compared to the reference leafy vegetables spinach and rocket. A cytotoxicity test using ovine hepatocytes showed a non-toxicity effect of fern leaf extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Langhansova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Pumprova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Kamycka 129, CZ-16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Haisel
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Libor Ekrt
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branisovska 1760, CZ-37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonio Pavicic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Zajíčková
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, CZ-50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcela Dvorakova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojova 263, CZ-16502 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kral R, Skalova L, Szotakova B, Babu YN, Wsol V. Stereospecificity of flobufen metabolism in guinea pigs in vitro and in vivo: Phase I of biotransformation. Chirality 2003; 16:1-9. [PMID: 14628293 DOI: 10.1002/chir.10298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Flobufen (F) is an original nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that exists in two enantiomeric forms. Its biotransformation was investigated in male guinea pigs because of the similarities shown in a preliminary F metabolic study between guinea pig and man. Stereospecificity of the respective enzymes was studied in vitro, using microsomes and cytosol, and in vivo, in urine and feces. Rac-F, R-F, and S-F served as substrates. The amount of 4-dihydroflobufen stereoisomers (DHF) and other metabolites (M-17203 and UM-2) was determined by chiral HPLC using an R,R-ULMO column. It was observed that F reductases were distributed differently in microsomes and cytosol. The microsomal fraction showed higher activity and different stereospecificity in rac-F, R-F, and S-F reduction compared to cytosol. (2R;4S)-DHF was the principle metabolite in microsomes and (2S;4S)-DHF was the principle metabolite in cytosol. In vivo experiments revealed the excretion of a main metabolite UM-2 in addition to other metabolites M-17203 and DHF stereoisomers. UM-2 was predominantly excreted after S-F administration. Stereoselectivity of DHF stereoisomers excretion was different in urine and in feces. The absence of UM-2 and M-17203 in microsomes and cytosol and their presence in urine and feces showed that both could arise in some other extrahepatic tissue or cell compartment or that their formation depends on liver cell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Kral
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Centre LN00B125, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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