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Coronary Artery Disease: Association Study of 5 Loci with Angiographic Indices of Disease Severity. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5522539. [PMID: 34336004 PMCID: PMC8292076 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5522539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Different common gene variants were related to coronary artery disease (CAD) in many studies. Yet, the relation of these loci to the severity of CAD is not completely elucidated. Methods We enrolled 520 subjects (315 CAD cases and 205 controls). CAD presence and extension were assessed by coronary angiography (CAG). Genotyping of five SNPs (namely, rs2230806 (1051G > A) in ABCA1 on chromosome 9, rs2075291 (553G > T) in ApoA5 on chromosome 11, rs320 in LPL on chromosome 8 intron (T → G at position 481), rs10757278 (c.22114477A > G), and rs2383206 (c.22115026 A > G) on chromosome 9p21 locus) was performed by allele-specific PCR. The degree and site of arterial lesions were used to classify patients, tested for association with CAD severity, and related to allele dosage. Results The polymorphisms rs2383206 and rs10757278 showed significant associations with 2- and 3-vessel coronary disease (p =0.003 and 0.006, respectively). The homozygous GG genotypes of rs10757278 was associated with higher frequency of left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA) and left circumflex (LCX) diseases (p =0.002, 0.016 and 0.002, respectively). The GG genotypes of rs2383206 were found in higher percentage in patients with left main (LM) trunk and left circumflex (LCX) diseases (p = 0.013 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusion SNPs rs10757278 and rs2383206 allele dosage could predict CAD severity in the Saudi Arab population.
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2
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Kaur N, Singh J, Reddy S. ANRIL rs1333049 C/G polymorphism and coronary artery disease in a North Indian population - Gender and age specific associations. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190024. [PMID: 32191788 PMCID: PMC7197980 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies conducted worldwide substantiate a role of genetic polymorphisms in
non-coding regions linked with coronary artery disease (CAD). One such single
nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of a non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL)
i.e. rs1333049 C/G in the vicinity of cell cycle regulating
genes is documented to have a role in CAD risk. In this study we aimed to
determine the association of ANRIL rs1333049 C/G with CAD in a North Indian
population. Five hundred disease free controls and 500 CAD patients were
genotyped using allele specific ARMS-PCR method. High risk association of
rs1333049 was seen in both heterozygous and mutant genotypes (OR=2.883, 95%
CI=1.475-5.638 and p=0.002 and OR=6.717, 95% CI=3.444-13.102 and p < 0.001
respectively). Gender stratified analysis revealed risk association in both
heterozygous and mutant genotypes in males. However, risk association in the
mutant genotype and females was documented. Similarly, risk association was seen
in subjects above 40 years of age in heterozygous and mutant genotypes.
Similarly, risk association was reported in obese, sedentary lifestyle, positive
family history and smoking in the heterozygous and mutant genotype and with
diabetes in the mutant GG genotype. The study revealed high risk association of
ANRIL rs1333049 with CAD and other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naindeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreenivas Reddy
- Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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3
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Zeller T, Seiffert M, Müller C, Scholz M, Schäffer A, Ojeda F, Drexel H, Mündlein A, Kleber ME, März W, Sinning C, Brunner FJ, Waldeyer C, Keller T, Saely CH, Sydow K, Thiery J, Teupser D, Blankenberg S, Schnabel R. Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Using the Gensini Scoring System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:57. [PMID: 28979897 PMCID: PMC5611399 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has a complex etiology involving numerous environmental and genetic factors of disease risk. To date, the genetic 9p21 locus represents the most robust genetic finding for prevalent and incident CAD. However, limited information is available on the genetic background of the severity and distribution of CAD. CAD manifests itself as stable CAD or acute coronary syndrome. The Gensini score quantifies the extent CAD but requires coronary angiography. Here, we aimed to identify novel genetic variants associated with Gensini score severity and distribution of CAD. A two-stage approach including a discovery and a replication stage was used to assess genetic variants. In the discovery phase, a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data of 4,930 CAD-subjects assessed by the Gensini score was performed. Selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were replicated in 2,283 CAD-subjects by de novo genotyping. We identified genetic loci located on chromosome 2 and 9 to be associated with Gensini score severity and distribution of CAD in the discovery stage. Although the loci on chromosome 2 could not be replicated in the second stage, the known CAD-locus on chromosome 9p21, represented by rs133349, was identified and, thus, was confirmed as risk locus for CAD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Seiffert
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Schäffer
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Ojeda
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Drexel
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria.,Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.,Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Axel Mündlein
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Mannheim Medical Faculty, 5th Department of Medicine Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Mannheim Medical Faculty, 5th Department of Medicine Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Sinning
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Brunner
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Waldeyer
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Keller
- Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christoph H Saely
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria.,Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.,Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Karsten Sydow
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Munich (LMU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renate Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhao J, Wu X, Nie S, Gao X, Sun J, Li K, Zhang T, Huang Y. Association of CDKN2B-AS1 rs1333049 with Brain Diseases: A Case-control Study and a Meta-analysis. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:53-58. [PMID: 28138111 PMCID: PMC5290720 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective CDKN2B-AS1 polymorphisms were shown to associate with the risk of stroke in European. The goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of CDKN2B-AS1 rs1333049 to the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and brain tumor (BT) in Han Chinese. Methods A total of 142 HSs, 115 BTs, and 494 controls were included in the current association study. The genotyping test was performed using the melting temperature shift method. Results We failed to validate the association of CDKN2B-AS1 rs1333049 with the risk of brain disease. Significantly higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p=0.027), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.001) and total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.001) were found in HSs in the genotype GG/GC carriers, but not the genotype CC carriers (p>0.05). The meta-analysis of 10 studies among 133,993 individuals concluded that rs1333049 of CDKN2B-AS1 gene was likely to increase a 16% incidence rate of cerebrovascular disease (CD) among various populations (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.25; p<0.0001, random-effect method). Conclusion Our case-control study identified rs1333049 genotypes showed different association with the concentration of the LDL-C, HDL-C and TC in the HS patients. Meta-analysis supported the association between rs1333049 and CD risk in various populations, although we were unable to observe association between rs1333049 and the risk of HSs in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikuang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xizheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, China
| | - Sheng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Keqin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tiefeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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5
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Yan J, Zeng J, Xie Z, Liu D, Wang L, Chen Z. Association of rs10811656 on 9P21.3 with the risk of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:126. [PMID: 27507036 PMCID: PMC4979187 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have reported that the 9p21.3 locus confers risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is not known whether rs10811656 is linked with CAD in a Chinese population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential association between rs10811656 and the risk of CAD in a Chinese population. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study with 251 CAD patients and 304 controls to examine the potential association of rs10811656 with CAD. RESULTS The frequencies of the TT genotypes in CAD cases were significantly different from those in controls (adjusted OR: 1.96, 95 % CI: 1.09-3.505, P = 0.024). Compared to controls, rs10811656 was significantly associated with the stable angina pectoris (adjusted OR: 1.42, 95 % CI: 1.06-1.90, P = 0.017), but not with acute coronary syndrome. There was also a highly significant association of rs10811656 with double-vessel and triple-vessel disease when patients were divided into subgroups based on the number of diseased vessels (adjusted OR: 1.68 and 1.60, 95 % CI: 1.14-2.44 and 1.10-2.33, P = 0.009 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the rs10811656 locus might be associated with CAD in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Devision of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jinmei Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, East Campus, No. 222, Huanhu Xisan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dongchen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, East Campus, No. 222, Huanhu Xisan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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6
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Abstract
More than 60 genomic loci have been implicated by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and exome-wide association studies as conferring an increased risk of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the causal gene and variant is often unclear. Using the functional analysis of genetic variants in experimental animal models, we anticipate understanding which candidate gene at a specific locus is associated with atherosclerosis and revealing the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms, ultimately leading to the identification of causal pathways in atherosclerosis and may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Guo
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Laiyuan Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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7
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Golabgir Khademi K, Foroughmand AM, Galehdari H, Yazdankhah S, Pourmahdi Borujeni M, Shahbazi Z, Dinarvand P. Association Study of rs1333040 and rs1004638 Polymorphisms in the 9p21 Locus with Coronary Artery Disease in Southwest of Iran. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 20:122-7. [PMID: 26597055 PMCID: PMC4726893 DOI: 10.7508/ibj.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial and heterogenic disease. Recently, genome-wide association studies have reported that rs1333040 (C/T) and rs1004638 (A/T) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 9p21 locus have very strong association with CAD. This study aimed to examine these associations in Southwest of Iran. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 200 CAD patients and 110 healthy individuals with no CAD. The association of two SNPs with CAD was evaluated by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Chi-square test showed no association between rs1333040 SNP and CAD (X2: 4.66, df: 2, P=0.09). Also, there was no association between rs1004638 SNP and CAD (X2: 0.27, df: 2, P=0.88). Conclusion: No association was observed between rs1333040 and rs1004638 SNPs in the 9P21 region and CAD in Southwest of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamid Galehdari
- Dept. of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saied Yazdankhah
- Dept. of Medicine, Jondi Shapour University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Pourmahdi Borujeni
- Dept. of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shahbazi
- Dept. of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Dinarvand
- Dept. of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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8
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Gebreab SY, Riestra P, Khan RJ, Xu R, Musani SK, Tekola-Ayele F, Correa A, Wilson JG, Rotimi CN, Davis SK. Genetic ancestry is associated with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1271-8. [PMID: 25745061 PMCID: PMC4523273 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether genetic ancestry was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis measures after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammatory marker, socioeconomic status, and psychosocial factors in a large admixed African American population. APPROACH AND RESULTS Participants were drawn from the Jackson Heart Study. Participant's percent of European ancestry (PEA) was estimated based on 1747 genetic markers using HAPMIX. Association of PEA with peripheral arterial disease and common carotid intima-media thickness were investigated among 2168 participants and with coronary artery calcification >0 and abdominal aortic calcification >0 among 1139 participants. The associations were evaluated using multivariable regression models. Our results showed that a 1 SD increase in PEA was associated with a lower peripheral arterial disease prevalence after adjusting for age and sex (prevalence ratio=0.90 [95% CI, 0.82-0.99]; P=0.036). Adjustments for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, socioeconomic status, and psychosocial factors attenuated this association (prevalence ratio=0.91 [0.82-1.00]; P=0.046). There was also a nonlinear association between PEA and coronary artery calcification and abdominal aortic calcification. The lowest PEA was associated with a lower coronary artery calcification (prevalence ratio=0.75 [0.58-0.96]; P=0.022) and a lower abdominal aortic calcification [prevalence ratio=0.80 [0.67-0.96]; P=0.016) compared with the reference group (10th-90th percentile) after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammatory marker, socioeconomic status, and psychosocial factors. However, we found no significant association between PEA and common carotid intima-media thickness. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings indicate that genetic ancestry was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, suggesting unmeasured risk factors and interactions with genetic factors might contribute to the distribution of subclinical atherosclerosis among African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Y Gebreab
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.
| | - Pia Riestra
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Rumana J Khan
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Ruihua Xu
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Solomon K Musani
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Adolfo Correa
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - James G Wilson
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Sharon K Davis
- From the National Human Genome Research Institute, Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, Bethesda, MD (S.Y.G., P.R., R.J.K., R.X., F.T.-A., C.N.R., S.K.D.); and Jackson Heart Study (S.K.M., A.C.), and Department of Physiology & Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
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9
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Vakalis K, Bechlioulis A, Naka KK, Chatzikyriakidou A, Gartzonika K, Vezyraki P, Kolios G, Pappas K, Katsouras CS, Georgiou I, Michalis LK. Role of 9p21 and 2q36 variants and arterial stiffness in the prediction of coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:784-94. [PMID: 24942486 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms and arterial stiffness indices have been associated with cardiovascular prognosis and the presence and extent of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to investigate whether arterial stiffness indices and 9p21 and 2q36 variants may improve prediction of CAD presence and extent when added to classical cardiovascular risk factors in patients at high risk for CAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 183 consecutive patients with suspected stable CAD (age 61 ± 9 years, 134 males) referred for diagnostic coronary angiography. Framingham risk score (FRS) was calculated. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central augmentation index (AIx) using applanation tonometry. Genetic polymorphisms of 9p21 (rs1333049) and 2q36 (rs2943634) loci were also analysed. RESULTS Higher FRS and PWV and the presence of rs2943634 risk allele were independent predictors of CAD (Nagelkerke R(2) 0·252, P < 0·001), while higher FRS and the presence of rs1333049 risk allele were independent predictors of multivessel CAD (Nagelkerke R(2) 0·190, P < 0·001). Genetic polymorphisms and vascular indices did not improve the predictive accuracy of FRS-based models (P > 0·1 for all) for CAD presence or extent. CONCLUSIONS In these high-risk patients, 9p21 and 2q36 variants and PWV were independently associated with CAD presence and extent, but the addition of both genetic data and arterial stiffness indices to FRS did not improve the prediction of CAD compared with FRS alone. Further studies are needed to clarify the prognostic role of genetic and vascular indices in the prediction of angiographic CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Vakalis
- Michaelidion Cardiac Center and Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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10
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Munir MS, Wang Z, Alahdab F, Steffen MW, Erwin PJ, Kullo IJ, Murad MH. The association of 9p21-3 locus with coronary atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:66. [PMID: 24906238 PMCID: PMC4074865 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that the 9p21-3 locus may influence susceptibility to myocardial infarction. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether this locus is associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis and adverse clinical outcomes in those with known coronary disease. METHODS Multiple electronic databases were searched from inception through August 2012. Studies examining 9p21-3 genotype in patients with known coronary artery disease were included. We extracted the association of the 9p21-3 locus with measures of severity of coronary atherosclerosis [number of diseased vessels, Gensini Score, Duke CAD Prognostic Index (DPI)], angiographic outcomes [change in minimum lumen diameter (∆MLD) and number of new lesions at follow-up], and key clinical outcomes (all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction and the need for coronary revascularization). Relative risks (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) were pooled using the random effects models. RESULTS 23 cohorts enrolling 16,860 participants were analyzed. There was no significant difference between HR and LR genotypes in terms of all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction or the frequency of coronary revascularization. HR genotype was associated with increased risk of triple vessel disease (RR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.08-1.65; P = 0.01) and increased baseline Gensini Score (WMD = 5.30; 95% CI 0.66-9.93; P = 0.03). However there was no association with DPI (WMD = 4.00; 95% CI 2.94-10.94; P = 0.26). HR genotype did not predict ∆MLD or number of new lesions at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients of coronary atherosclerosis who carry the high risk genotype of the 9p21-3 allele may be more likely to have multi-vessel CAD. However the effect of this allele on CAD progression and disease specific clinical outcomes are not observed possibly due to diminishing genetic risk following dietary modification and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Zink A, Wann LS, Thompson RC, Keller A, Maixner F, Allam AH, Finch CE, Frohlich B, Kaplan H, Lombardi GP, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Watson L, Cox SL, Miyamoto MI, Narula J, Stewart AF, Thomas GS, Krause J. Genomic Correlates of Atherosclerosis in Ancient Humans. Glob Heart 2014; 9:203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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12
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Çakmak HA, Bayoğlu B, Durmaz E, Can G, Karadağ B, Cengiz M, Vural VA, Yüksel H. Evaluation of association between common genetic variants on chromosome 9p21 and coronary artery disease in Turkish population. Anatol J Cardiol 2014; 15:196-203. [PMID: 25333979 PMCID: PMC5337054 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2014.5285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD), which develops from complex interactions between genetic and enviromental factors, is a leading cause of death worldwide. Based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the chromosomal region 9p21 has been identified as the most relevant locus presenting a strong association with CAD in different populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of two SNPs on chromosome 9p21 on susceptibility to CAD and the effect of these SNPs along with cardiovascular risk factors on the severity of CAD in the Turkish population. Methods: This study had an observational case-control design. We genotyped 460 subjects, aged 30-65 years, to investigate the association of 2 SNPs (rs1333049, rs2383207) on chromosome 9p21 and CAD risk in Turkish population. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the 2 SNPs in CAD patients and healthy controls. The genotype and allelic variations of these SNPs with the severity of CAD was also assessed using semi-quantitative methods such as the Gensini score. Student’s t test and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: The SNPs rs1333049 and rs2383207 were found to be associated with CAD with an adjusted OR of 1.81 (95% Cl 1.05-3.12) and 2.12 (95% CI 1.19-4.10) respectively. After adjustment of CAD risk factors such as smoking, family history of CAD and diabetes, the homozygous AA genotype for rs2383207 increased the CAD risk with an OR 3.69. Also a very strong association was found between rs1333049 and rs2383207 and Gensini scores representing the severity of CAD (p<0.001). Conclusion: The rs2383207 and rs1333049 SNPs on 9p21 chromosome were significantly associated with the risk and severity of CAD in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Altuğ Çakmak
- Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University; İstanbul-Turkey.
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The chromosome 9p21 variant not predicting long-term cardiovascular mortality in Chinese with established coronary artery disease: an eleven-year follow-up study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:626907. [PMID: 24804228 PMCID: PMC3996981 DOI: 10.1155/2014/626907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined whether the variant at chromosome 9p21, rs4977574, was associated with long-term cardiovascular mortality in Han Chinese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODOLOGY Subjects who underwent coronary angiography for chest pain were consecutively enrolled. Fasting blood samples were collected for laboratory and genotype assessments. The information was correlated with data collected from the national death database. RESULTS There were 925 cases with CAD and 634 without CAD enrolled in the present study. The G allele conferred a significant increase in risk of CAD (odds ratio = 1.47, P = 0.003 in the dominant model; odds ratio = 1.36, P = 0.018 in the recessive model). During a median of 11 years (inter-quartile range between 5.2 and 12.5 years) of follow-up, neither the total nor the cardiovascular mortality was different among CAD subjects with different genotypes. Using Cox regression analysis, genotypes of rs4977574 still failed to predict cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio = 1.25, P = 0.138 in the dominant model; hazard ratio = 1.05, P = 0.729 in the recessive model). CONCLUSIONS The rs4977574 at chromosome 9p21 is associated with presence of CAD in Han Chinese. However, rs4977574 could not predict cardiovascular mortality in these CAD subjects during the eleven-year period of the study.
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Variant at 9p21 rs1333049 is associated with age of onset of coronary artery disease in a Western Indian population: a case control association study. Genet Res (Camb) 2013; 95:138-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s0016672313000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe 9p21 chromosomal region has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in many genome wide association studies (GWAS). To date no information exists regarding the rs1333039 SNP which showed the strongest association in the WTCCC GWAS with CAD risk in the Indian population. The present study attempts to replicate the findings in the Indian population.Genotyping for rs1333049 was done in 229 cases and 151 controls by allele-specific real-time assay.A higher frequency of the risk allele rs1333049C was seen in cases (0·60) as compared with controls (0·49), which associated with CAD risk both in univariate (OR = 1·564, 95%CI = 1·154–2·119, P = 0·003) and multivariate analysis (OR = 2·460, 95%CI = 1·139–5·314, P = 0·022). Increased frequency of the risk allele was seen in younger individuals with CAD where 40% individuals in the age group 30–55 years had the CC genotype as compared with 29 and 24·5% in the age group 56–65 years and > 65 years, respectively (CC versus GG, P = 0·045). Higher incidence of the CC genotype was seen in MI patients, but missed significance when compared with controls (OR = 1·361, 95%CI = 0·954–1·942, P = 0·084).In conclusion, the rs1333049 variant is significantly associated with CAD risk and also with age of onset in the Western Indian population. However there are differences in the haplotype structure of this SNP with the neighbouring rs10757278 SNP, these differences emphasize the importance of genotyping all risk variants at this locus which could underlie the differences in risk susceptibility to CAD across populations.
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Chan K, Patel RS, Newcombe P, Nelson CP, Qasim A, Epstein SE, Burnett S, Vaccarino VL, Zafari AM, Shah SH, Anderson JL, Carlquist JF, Hartiala J, Allayee H, Hinohara K, Lee BS, Erl A, Ellis KL, Goel A, Schaefer AS, El Mokhtari NE, Goldstein BA, Hlatky MA, Go AS, Shen GQ, Gong Y, Pepine C, Laxton RC, Whittaker JC, Tang WHW, Johnson JA, Wang QK, Assimes TL, Nöthlings U, Farrall M, Watkins H, Richards AM, Cameron VA, Muendlein A, Drexel H, Koch W, Park JE, Kimura A, Shen WF, Simpson IA, Hazen SL, Horne BD, Hauser ER, Quyyumi AA, Reilly MP, Samani NJ, Ye S. Association between the chromosome 9p21 locus and angiographic coronary artery disease burden: a collaborative meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61:957-70. [PMID: 23352782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to ascertain the relationship of 9p21 locus with: 1) angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) burden; and 2) myocardial infarction (MI) in individuals with underlying CAD. BACKGROUND Chromosome 9p21 variants have been robustly associated with coronary heart disease, but questions remain on the mechanism of risk, specifically whether the locus contributes to coronary atheroma burden or plaque instability. METHODS We established a collaboration of 21 studies consisting of 33,673 subjects with information on both CAD (clinical or angiographic) and MI status along with 9p21 genotype. Tabular data are provided for each cohort on the presence and burden of angiographic CAD, MI cases with underlying CAD, and the diabetic status of all subjects. RESULTS We first confirmed an association between 9p21 and CAD with angiographically defined cases and control subjects (pooled odds ratio [OR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20 to 1.43). Among subjects with angiographic CAD (n = 20,987), random-effects model identified an association with multivessel CAD, compared with those with single-vessel disease (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.17)/copy of risk allele). Genotypic models showed an OR of 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.26 for heterozygous carrier and OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.39 for homozygous carrier. Finally, there was no significant association between 9p21 and prevalent MI when both cases (n = 17,791) and control subjects (n = 15,882) had underlying CAD (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.03)/risk allele. CONCLUSIONS The 9p21 locus shows convincing association with greater burden of CAD but not with MI in the presence of underlying CAD. This adds further weight to the hypothesis that 9p21 locus primarily mediates an atherosclerotic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Chan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
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Divers J, Palmer ND, Lu L, Register TC, Carr JJ, Hicks PJ, Hightower RC, Smith SC, Xu J, Cox AJ, Hruska KA, Bowden DW, Lewis CE, Heiss G, Province MA, Borecki IB, Kerr KF, Chen YDI, Palmas W, Rotter JI, Wassel CL, Bertoni AG, Herrington DM, Wagenknecht LE, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI. Admixture mapping of coronary artery calcified plaque in African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:97-105. [PMID: 23233742 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.112.964114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence and severity of coronary artery calcified plaque (CAC) differs markedly between individuals of African and European descent, suggesting that admixture mapping may be informative for identifying genetic variants associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Admixture mapping of CAC was performed in 1040 unrelated African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the African American-Diabetes Heart Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Family Heart Study using the Illumina custom ancestry informative marker panel. All cohorts obtained computed tomography scanning of the coronary arteries using identical protocols. For each ancestry informative marker, the probability of inheriting 0, 1, and 2 copies of a European-derived allele was determined. Linkage analysis was performed by testing for association between each ancestry informative marker using these probabilities and CAC, accounting for global ancestry, age, sex, and study. Markers on 1p32.3 in the GLIS1 gene (rs6663966, logarithm of odds [LOD]=3.7), 1q32.1 near CHIT1 (rs7530895, LOD=3.1), 4q21.2 near PRKG2 (rs1212373, LOD=3.0), and 11q25 in the OPCML gene (rs6590705, LOD=3.4) had statistically significant LOD scores, whereas markers on 8q22.2 (rs6994682, LOD=2.7), 9p21.2 (rs439314, LOD=2.7), and 13p32.1 (rs7492028, LOD=2.8) manifested suggestive evidence of linkage. These regions were uniformly characterized by higher levels of European ancestry associating with higher levels or odds of CAC. Findings were replicated in 1350 African Americans without diabetes mellitus and 2497 diabetic European Americans from Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Diabetes Heart Study. CONCLUSIONS Fine mapping these regions will likely identify novel genetic variants that contribute to CAC and clarify racial differences in susceptibility to subclinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Divers
- Departments of Biostatistical Sciences,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1053, USA
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Association between 9p21 genetic variants and mortality risk in a prospective cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-15). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:138. [PMID: 23134948 PMCID: PMC3537589 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomic region at 9p21 chromosome near the CDKN2A/CDKN2B genes is associated with type 2 diabetes(T2D) and cardiovascular disease(CVD). The effect of the 9p21 locus on long-term mortality in patients with T2D has yet to be determined. We examined three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 9p21, consistently and independently associated with T2D (rs10811661) or CVD (rs10757278, rs2383206), in relation to the risk of total and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients. We also aimed to replicate the previously observed interaction between rs2383206 and glycemic control on mortality. Genotypes for three SNPs were determined in 914 individuals from a prospective cohort of T2D patients of Dutch origin. Associations with mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard analyses. After a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 358 out of 914 patients had died. The hazard ratio (HR) for total mortality among individuals homozygous for the T2D-risk allele of rs10811661 compared to non-homozygous individuals was 0.74(95%CI 0.59-0.93). For the carriers of both CVD-risk alleles of rs10757278, the HR for total mortality was 1.31(95%CI 1.01-1.70). We found a significant interaction between rs2383206 and HbA1c on mortality, which was higher among patients with two CVD-risk alleles in the two lowest HbA1c tertiles (HR 1.68(95%CI 1.08-2.63); HR 1.48(95%CI 1.01-2.18). In conclusion, common variants on 9p21 were associated with mortality in patients with T2D in a Dutch population. The T2D SNP was inversely associated with mortality, while the CVD SNP increased the risk for mortality. We confirmed a possible, although different, synergistic relationship between HbA1c and rs2383206 on total mortality.
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Hamrefors V, Hedblad B, Engström G, Almgren P, Sjögren M, Melander O. A myocardial infarction genetic risk score is associated with markers of carotid atherosclerosis. J Intern Med 2012; 271:271-81. [PMID: 22017383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether or not a genetic risk score that was previously shown to be associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is also associated with markers of carotid atherosclerosis. DESIGN A total of 4022 middle-aged subjects from the general Swedish population were genotyped and individually assigned a genetic risk score based on 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously associated with MI and CAD. The genetic score (Score-MI) was then related to carotid bulb intima-media thickness (IMT), common carotid artery (CCA) IMT and to the occurrence of carotid plaques in the study population. RESULTS Score-MI was associated with IMT of the bulb (P < 0.001) and the CCA (P < 0.001) in unadjusted analyses, and with IMT of the bulb after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.003). The effect size of Score-MI on IMT of the bulb was similar to that of LDL cholesterol. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, Score-MI was also associated with the occurrence of carotid plaques (odds ratio per quintile of Score-MI = 1.11; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.18; P = 0.001). In addition to SNPs with known effects on LDL levels, Score-MI showed nominal associations with increasing systolic blood pressure and decreasing C-reactive protein levels. CONCLUSIONS This genetic risk score was independently associated with carotid bulb IMT and carotid plaques, providing evidence of an association with early markers of atherosclerosis. This might imply that the genetic MI risk conferred by the score is related to early atherosclerosis and that the risk score may identify at an early stage candidates at risk of developing intermediate phenotypes of atherosclerosis. Further studies should test whether or not assessing the genetic score could be valuable for early treatment decisions in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hamrefors
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing. Nat Commun 2012; 3:698. [PMID: 22426219 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tyrolean Iceman, a 5,300-year-old Copper age individual, was discovered in 1991 on the Tisenjoch Pass in the Italian part of the Ötztal Alps. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the Iceman and show 100% concordance between the previously reported mitochondrial genome sequence and the consensus sequence generated from our genomic data. We present indications for recent common ancestry between the Iceman and present-day inhabitants of the Tyrrhenian Sea, that the Iceman probably had brown eyes, belonged to blood group O and was lactose intolerant. His genetic predisposition shows an increased risk for coronary heart disease and may have contributed to the development of previously reported vascular calcifications. Sequences corresponding to ~60% of the genome of Borrelia burgdorferi are indicative of the earliest human case of infection with the pathogen for Lyme borreliosis.
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Cline JL, Beckie TM. The relationships between FAM5C SNP (rs10920501) variability and metabolic syndrome and inflammation in women with coronary heart disease. Biol Res Nurs 2011; 15:160-6. [PMID: 22013132 DOI: 10.1177/1099800411424487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The leading cause of death among women is coronary heart disease (CHD), a multifactorial disease with polygenic heritability estimated at 50%. Polymorphisms in the family with sequence similarity 5, member C' (FAM5C) gene have been associated with myocardial infarction (MI). FAM5C also corresponds directly with the inflammatory biomarker monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and metabolic syndrome. METHOD The purpose of this descriptive gene association pilot study was to investigate the variability of FAM5C (rs10920501) in 91 women with CHD. The authors also examined the associations between the variability of FAM5C (rs10920501) and metabolic syndrome, inflammatory markers, and early onset CHD. RESULTS No women in this study with the homozygous variant (TT) had an MI. Women with a history of MI and the heterozygous (AT) genotype had a later age of onset of CHD compared to those with the homozygous wild type (AA; F(3, 34) = 5.00, p < .01). These findings suggest a protective effect of the T allele in women with a history of MI. The genotype of FAM5C rs10920501 explained approximately 7% of the variability of age of onset of CHD in women who have had an MI, while holding body mass index (BMI) and smoking history constant. There was no significant relationship between FAM5C (rs10920501) and metabolic syndrome or any inflammatory biomarkers in this sample. CONCLUSION FAM5C remains a gene of interest in a complex disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cline
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Sarasota, FL 34231, USA.
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Beckie TM, Beckstead JW, Groer MW. The association between variants on chromosome 9p21 and inflammatory biomarkers in ethnically diverse women with coronary heart disease: a pilot study. Biol Res Nurs 2011; 13:306-19. [PMID: 21705410 DOI: 10.1177/1099800411403469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most consistently replicated genetic variants associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in populations of European descent have been found on chromosome 9p21. Yet there is little known about these associations in ethnic groups of African ancestry. These disease-associated variants are located in a genomic region of unknown function. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the allelic frequencies and haplotype structure of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for Black and White women with CHD. The authors also sought to explore the relationship between these genetic variants and biomarkers of inflammation. METHODS Using polymerase chain reaction amplification, the authors genotyped 8 SNPs in a 58-kilobase region of chromosome 9p21 in a cohort of women with CHD (n = 91). The authors examined the interethnic relationship between the SNPs and four inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS We found considerable interethnic allelic and haplotype diversity across the 9p21 locus, with only two SNPs in perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD) in both races. A pair of high- and low-risk haplotypes was most common in White women, while about 41% of Blacks carried the risk alleles for three of the eight SNPs the authors examined. The interethnic associations between the SNP genotypes and inflammatory markers were divergent in both direction and magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Our results lend support for the importance of ancestry-specific allelic context when examining variants on chromosome 9p21. Additional work is needed to elucidate the genetic contribution to inflammatory biomarkers for diverse racial groups.
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Bhanushali AA, Parmar N, Contractor A, Shah VT, Das BR. Variant on 9p21 Is Strongly Associated with Coronary Artery Disease but Lacks Association with Myocardial Infarction and Disease Severity in a Population in Western India. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:469-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Patel RS, Su S, Neeland IJ, Ahuja A, Veledar E, Zhao J, Helgadottir A, Holm H, Gulcher JR, Stefansson K, Waddy S, Vaccarino V, Zafari AM, Quyyumi AA. The chromosome 9p21 risk locus is associated with angiographic severity and progression of coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2010; 31:3017-23. [PMID: 20729229 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS we tested the hypothesis that the 9p21 risk locus promotes atherosclerosis by examining the association between rs10757278 and coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and progression determined by semi-quantitative angiographic scores. METHODS AND RESULTS the rs10757278 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was genotyped as the marker for the 9p21 locus in 2334 Caucasian patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (mean age 63, male 67%). Angiographic CAD was assessed using two semi-quantitative scoring systems with one estimating severity (Gensini) and the other extent (Sullivan). A subset of 308 patients who underwent two or more coronary angiograms at least 6 months apart were examined for net change in Gensini and Sullivan scores over time to determine the rate of CAD progression by genotype and were further classified as 'progressors' or 'non-progressors' based on absolute change per year in angiographic severity score. We replicated the association between the rs10757278 SNP and myocardial infarction and binary (presence/absence) angiographic classifications of CAD. Furthermore, we observed a significant additive association with this SNP, and both severity and extent of CAD using angiographic scores, after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, myocardial infarction, and statin use (Gensini P = 0.016, Sullivan P = 0.005). In addition, there was a significant linear association with CAD progression before and after adjustment for covariates (Gensini P = 0.023, Sullivan P = 0.003) with homozygotes for the risk variant having three-fold greater odds of CAD progression compared with the referent group. CONCLUSION the 9p21 risk locus is associated with angiographically defined severity, extent, and progression of CAD, suggesting a role for this locus in influencing atherosclerosis and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz S Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Road, 4th Floor, Suite D403C, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Wang W, Peng W, Zhang X, Lu L, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Wang L, Chen Q, Shen W. Chromosome 9p21.3 polymorphism in a Chinese Han population is associated with angiographic coronary plaque progression in non-diabetic but not in type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:33. [PMID: 20691078 PMCID: PMC2924260 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to explore the association of variant rs1333049 on chromosome 9p21.3 with coronary artery disease (CAD) and angiographic plaque progression in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Genotyping and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) were performed in 2046 Chinese Han patients (1012 diabetic cases) undergoing coronary angiography; 430 of them received repeat angiographic studies at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS CC genotype at rs1333049 on chromosome 9p21.3 was associated with CAD (unadjusted OR 1.524, p = 0.001 and adjusted OR 1.859, p = 0.005, respectively). However, CC genotype had no magnified association with CAD in diabetic patients (OR 1.275, p = 0.150) compared with non-diabetic counterparts (OR 1.446, p = 0.020) after adjusting for conventional risk factors. During angiographic follow-up, non-diabetic patients (n = 280) had significant decrease in minimal lumen diameter and increase in percent diameter stenosis among the three genotypes (p = 0.005 and p = 0.038, respectively), demonstrating that CC or GC genotype carriers had a more severe plaque progression than GG genotype carriers. In patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 150), although plaque progression was more severe than that in non-diabetic counterparts, no relations existed between plaque progression and genotypes. Rs1333049 was an independent determinant of plaque progression for non-diabetic (OR 3.468, p = 0.004 and OR 4.339, p = 0.002 for GC and CC genotype, respectively) but not for diabetic patients (OR 0.529, p = 0.077 and 0R 0.878, p = 0.644 for GC and CC genotype, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a significant association of homozygous CC genotype of rs1333049 on chromosome 9p21.3 with CAD in Chinese Han population. Rs1333049 polymorphism is an independent determinant for coronary plaque progression in non-diabetic but not in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianling Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiujing Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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Manace LC, Godiwala TN, Babyatsky MW. Genomics of cardiovascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:613-23. [PMID: 20014425 DOI: 10.1002/msj.20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the leading cause of death worldwide and a major cause of disability, cardiovascular disease remains a central focus of basic research, pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, and long-term care. Inherited, monogenic syndromes have provided insight into pathophysiological mechanisms across the range of cardiovascular diseases. With the advent of post-Human Genome Project resources and technology, there has been a flood of research aimed at genome-wide predisposition markers, pharmacogenetics, and genomic signatures in complex cardiovascular disorders. Genomic research has both further elucidated the impact of genes previously identified in cardiovascular disease development and progression and discovered genomic regions as yet unknown to be associated with cardiovascular outcomes. The promise of personalized medicine lies in combining this genetic information with other biomarkers to tailor preventive and therapeutic strategies to individual patients for effective management, fewer adverse events, and preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Cole Manace
- Department of Genetics, Kaiser Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Ye S, Willeit J, Xiao Q, Motterle A, Laxton RC, Oberhollenzer F, Kiechl S, Xu Q. Single nucleotide polymorphism on chromosome 9p21 and endothelial progenitor cells in a general population cohort. Atherosclerosis 2010; 208:451-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hoppmann P, Erl A, Türk S, Tiroch K, Mehilli J, Schömig A, Kastrati A, Koch W. No Association of Chromosome 9p21.3 Variation With Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes After Placement of Drug-Eluting Stents. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 2:1149-55. [PMID: 19926059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hoppmann
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München and 1. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Peng WH, Lu L, Zhang Q, Zhang RY, Wang LJ, Yan XX, Chen QJ, Shen WF. Chromosome 9p21 polymorphism is associated with myocardial infarction but not with clinical outcome in Han Chinese. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:917-22. [PMID: 19548844 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND rs1333049 polymorphism on chromosome 9p21 has been shown to affect susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) in Caucasians. This study examined the association of rs1333049 with myocardial infarction (MI), angiographic severity of CAD and clinical outcome after a first acute MI in Han Chinese. METHODS rs1333049 polymorphism was genotyped in 520 patients with a first acute MI and in 560 controls. The number of angiographically documented diseased coronary arteries (luminal diameter stenosis > or = 50%), echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during follow-up (mean, 29+/-15 months) were recorded. RESULTS Patients with MI had higher frequencies of the CC genotype (30.0% vs. 20.7%) or C allele (55.5% vs. 46.2%) compared with controls (all p<0.01). rs1333049 polymorphism was strongly associated with MI [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-1.79] after adjusting for traditional risk factors. Although longer hospitalization stay was observed in patients with the rs1333049-C allele, this polymorphism was not related to angiographic severity of CAD, LVEF, and occurrence of MACE after MI. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an association of rs1333049 polymorphism locus on chromosome 9p21 with risk for MI, but not with post-MI prognosis in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Authors’ reply: Lack of association of chromosome 9p21.3 genotype with cardiovascular function in persons with stable coronary artery disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Atherosclerosis 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Lack of association of chromosome 9p21.3 genotype with cardiovascular function in persons with stable coronary artery disease: The heart and soul study. Atherosclerosis 2009; 205:367; author reply 368. [PMID: 19409564 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baudhuin LM. Genetics of coronary artery disease: focus on genome-wide association studies. Am J Transl Res 2009; 1:221-234. [PMID: 19956433 PMCID: PMC2776326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the genome-wide association (GWA) study, a promising new avenue for identifying genetic markers for complex diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD) has been opened. This avenue, however, is not without challenges and limitations, including the need for carefully designed and executed studies and the risk of false positive associations. Nonetheless, new markers have been identified through such studies that could potentially revolutionize the ways that individuals with CAD are identified and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea M Baudhuin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
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