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Shi DD, Fang YJ, Jiang YL, Dong T, Zhang ZL, Ma T, Zhou RL, Ou QJ, Zhang CX. Serum levels of n-3 PUFA and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1239-1249. [PMID: 36746393 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating n-3 PUFA, which integrate endogenous and exogenous n-3 PUFA, can be better used to investigate the relationship between n-3 PUFA and disease. However, studies examining the associations between circulating n-3 PUFA and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk were limited, and the results remained inconclusive. This case–control study aimed to examine the association between serum n-3 PUFA and CRC risk in Chinese population. A total of 680 CRC cases and 680 sex- and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were included. Fatty acids were assayed by GC. OR and 95 % CI were calculated using multivariable logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounders. Higher level of serum α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were associated with lower odds of CRC. The adjusted OR and 95 % CI were 0·34 (0·24, 0·49, Pfor trend < 0·001) for ALA, 0·57 (0·40, 0·80, Pfor trend < 0·001) for DPA, 0·48 (0·34, 0·68, Pfor trend < 0·001) for DHA, 0·39 (0·27, 0·56, Pfor trend < 0·001) for long-chain n-3 PUFA and 0·31 (0·22, 0·45, Pfor trend < 0·001) for total n-3 PUFA comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. However, there was no statistically significant association between EPA and odds of CRC. Analysis stratified by sex showed that ALA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of CRC in both sexes. This study indicated that serum ALA, DPA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of having CRC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jing Fang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ling Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Lin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Lin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jian Ou
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Zhou H, Chen H, Zhang J, Liang Y, Yang S, Wang X, Chen G, Zhang Q. Global Serum Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analyses Reveal Lipid Perturbations and Potential Biomarkers of the Colorectal Cancer by Adenoma–Carcinoma Sequence. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2023.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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3
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Mika A, Duzowska K, Halinski LP, Pakiet A, Czumaj A, Rostkowska O, Dobrzycka M, Kobiela J, Sledzinski T. Rearrangements of Blood and Tissue Fatty Acid Profile in Colorectal Cancer - Molecular Mechanism and Diagnostic Potential. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689701. [PMID: 34123858 PMCID: PMC8190393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the invasiveness of colonoscopy; thus, non-invasive CRC diagnostics are desirable. CRC is associated with lipid alterations. We aimed to verify whether fatty acid (FA) profiles in CRC patients may serve as a potential diagnostic tool for CRC diagnosis. FA profiles were assayed by GC-MS in cancer tissue, paired normal mucosa and serum from CRC patients and healthy controls. The levels of very long FAs – VLCFAs (26:0, 28:0 and 26:1) were the most highly increased FAs in cancer tissue compared to normal colon mucosa. Moreover, these FA were present in serum of CRC patients, they were absent in the serum of healthy subjects, or present in only trace amounts. To verify if cancer cells are the source of small amounts of these VLCFAs in the serum of patients we performed experiment in HT-29 CRC cells, which proved that CRC cells can produce and release VLCFAs into the blood. Most importantly, we defined a panel of FAs that may be assayed in a single analysis that definitely distinguishes CRC patients and healthy subjects, which was confirmed by PLS-DA and multivariate ROC analysis (AUC = 0.985). This study shows that selected FA panel may serve as a diagnostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Duzowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz P Halinski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Olga Rostkowska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Dobrzycka
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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4
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Pakiet A, Kobiela J, Stepnowski P, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Changes in lipids composition and metabolism in colorectal cancer: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:29. [PMID: 30684960 PMCID: PMC6347819 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of lipids is currently considered a hallmark characteristic of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Lipids are a large group of metabolites that differ in terms of their fatty acid composition. This review summarizes recent evidence, documenting many alterations in the content and composition of fatty acids, polar lipids, oxylipins and triacylglycerols in CRC patients' sera, tumor tissues and adipose tissue. Some of altered lipid molecules may be potential biomarkers of CRC risk, development and progression. Owing to a significant role of many lipids in cancer cell metabolism, some of lipid metabolism pathways may also constitute specific targets for anti-CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
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5
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Reduced Plasma Levels of Very-Long-Chain Dicarboxylic Acid 28:4 in Italian and Brazilian Colorectal Cancer Patient Cohorts. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040091. [PMID: 30563293 PMCID: PMC6316647 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Previous research has suggested that very-long-chain dicarboxylic acid (VLCDCA) 28:4 might be such a biomarker. METHODS Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we analyzed VLCDCA 28:4 in the plasma of colorectal cancer patients in Italian [n = 62] and Brazilian [n = 52] cohorts. Additionally, we investigated individuals diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP; n = 27), one of the most important clinical forms of inherited susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Results: Decrements in plasma levels of VLCDCA 28:4 were monitored in colorectal cancer patients. These decreases were independent of the stage of tumor development and the individual's age. However, no decrements in VLCDCA 28:4 were monitored in FAP patients. CONCLUSIONS The plasma levels of VLCDCA 28:4 represent a potential biomarker of sporadic colorectal cancer. In addition, it is possible that resupply of this anti-inflammatory lipid may represent a new therapeutic strategy for CRC and inflammatory disorders.
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Wood PL. Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory Very-Long-Chain Dicarboxylic Acids: Potential Chemopreventive Lipids. Metabolites 2018; 8:E76. [PMID: 30400281 PMCID: PMC6315409 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In a paradigm shift, cancer research efforts are being dedicated to the discovery of chemopreventive agents. The goal of this approach is to delay or prevent the progression of augmented cell division to established cancer. Research has focused on dietary supplements, drugs, and endogenous lipids that possess anti-inflammatory properties. We undertook a lipidomics analysis of potential endogenous anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative lipids in human plasma. We performed high-resolution mass spectrometric lipidomics analyses of plasma samples from controls and patients with colorectal, kidney, pancreatic, glioblastoma, and breast cancers. We present evidence that endogenous very-long-chain dicarboxylic acids (VLCDCA) are anti-inflammatory lipids that possess chemopreventative properties. In a family of VLCDCAs, we characterized VLCDCA 28:4, which is decreased in the plasma of patients with colorectal, kidney, and pancreatic cancers. The structure of this biomarker was validated by derivatization strategies, synthesis of the analytical standard, and tandem mass spectrometry. Our data suggest that VLCDCA 28:4 may be a useful blood biomarker for a number of cancers and that resupplying this lipid, via a prodrug for example, may offer a new anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy for delaying or preventing the progression of cancer and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate TN 37752, UK.
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7
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Perttula K, Schiffman C, Edmands WMB, Petrick L, Grigoryan H, Cai X, Gunter MJ, Naccarati A, Polidoro S, Dudoit S, Vineis P, Rappaport SM. Untargeted lipidomic features associated with colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:996. [PMID: 30340609 PMCID: PMC6194742 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologists are beginning to employ metabolomics and lipidomics with archived blood from incident cases and controls to discover causes of cancer. Although several such studies have focused on colorectal cancer (CRC), they all followed targeted or semi-targeted designs that limited their ability to find discriminating molecules and pathways related to the causes of CRC. METHODS Using an untargeted design, we measured lipophilic metabolites in prediagnostic serum from 66 CRC patients and 66 matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (Turin, Italy). Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS), resulting in 8690 features for statistical analysis. RESULTS Rather than the usual multiple-hypothesis-testing approach, we based variable selection on an ensemble of regression methods, which found nine features to be associated with case-control status. We then regressed each selected feature on time-to-diagnosis to determine whether the feature was likely to be either a potentially causal biomarker or a reactive product of disease progression (reverse causality). CONCLUSIONS Of the nine selected LC-MS features, four appear to be involved in CRC etiology and merit further investigation in prospective studies of CRC. Four other features appear to be related to progression of the disease (reverse causality), and may represent biomarkers of value for early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi Perttula
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356 USA
| | - Courtney Schiffman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356 USA
| | - William M B Edmands
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356 USA
| | - Lauren Petrick
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356 USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029 USA
| | - Hasmik Grigoryan
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356 USA
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356 USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Silvia Polidoro
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Torino, Italy
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356 USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Torino, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, Place London W2 1PG, Norfolk, UK
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356 USA
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8
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Mayo R, Crespo J, Martínez-Arranz I, Banales JM, Arias M, Mincholé I, Aller de la Fuente R, Jimenez-Agüero R, Alonso C, de Luis DA, Vitek L, Stritesky J, Caballería J, Romero-Gómez M, Martín-Duce A, Mugüerza Huguet JM, Busteros-Moraza JI, Idowu MO, Castro A, Martínez-Chantar ML, Ortiz P, Bruha R, Lu SC, Bedossa P, Noureddin M, Sanyal AJ, Mato JM. Metabolomic-based noninvasive serum test to diagnose nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Results from discovery and validation cohorts. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:807-820. [PMID: 30027139 PMCID: PMC6049064 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of chronic liver disease worldwide and includes a broad spectrum of histologic phenotypes, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). While liver biopsy is the reference gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis and staging, it has limitations due to its sampling variability, invasive nature, and high cost. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive biomarkers that are robust, reliable, and cost effective. In this study, we measured 540 lipids and amino acids in serum samples from biopsy‐proven subjects with normal liver (NL), NAFL, and NASH. Using logistic regression analysis, we identified two panels of triglycerides that could first discriminate between NAFLD and NL and second between NASH and NAFL. These noninvasive tests were compared to blinded histology as a reference standard. We performed these tests in an original cohort of 467 patients with NAFLD (90 NL, 246 NAFL, and 131 NASH) that was subsequently validated in a separate cohort of 192 patients (7 NL, 109 NAFL, 76 NASH). The diagnostic performances of the validated tests showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.88 ± 0.05, 0.94, and 0.57, respectively, for the discrimination between NAFLD and NL and 0.79 ± 0.04, 0.70, and 0.81, respectively, for the discrimination between NASH and NAFL. When the analysis was performed excluding patients with glucose levels >136 mg/dL, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the discrimination between NASH and NAFL increased to 0.81 ± 0.04 with sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 and 0.80, respectively. Conclusion: The assessed noninvasive lipidomic serum tests distinguish between NAFLD and NL and between NASH and NAFL with high accuracy. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:807‐820)
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mayo
- OWL Metabolomics Bizkaia Technology Park Derio Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Department of Digestive Disease Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Cantabaria University Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL) Santander Spain
| | | | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) CIBERehd, IKERBASQUE Donostia Spain
| | - Mayte Arias
- Department of Digestive Disease Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Cantabaria University Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL) Santander Spain
| | | | - Rocío Aller de la Fuente
- Department of Digestive Disease, Clinic University Hospital University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
| | - Raúl Jimenez-Agüero
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) CIBERehd, IKERBASQUE Donostia Spain
| | | | - Daniel A de Luis
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School and Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clinic University Hospital University of Valladolid Valladolid Spain
| | - Libor Vitek
- Faculty General Hospital and the First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stritesky
- Faculty General Hospital and the First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Joan Caballería
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, CIBERehd IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd Valme University Hospital Seville Spain
| | - Antonio Martín-Duce
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá University Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Michael O Idowu
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA United States
| | | | | | - Pablo Ortiz
- OWL Metabolomics Bizkaia Technology Park Derio Spain
| | - Radan Bruha
- Faculty General Hospital and the First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA United States
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Department of Pathology University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Hauts-de-Seine Clichy France
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA United States
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA United States
| | - José M Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd Bizkaia Technology Park Derio Bizkaia Spain
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9
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Farshidfar F, Kopciuk KA, Hilsden R, McGregor SE, Mazurak VC, Buie WD, MacLean A, Vogel HJ, Bathe OF. A quantitative multimodal metabolomic assay for colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:26. [PMID: 29301511 PMCID: PMC5755335 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) simplifies treatment and improves treatment outcomes. We previously described a diagnostic metabolomic biomarker derived from semi-quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our objective was to determine whether a quantitative assay of additional metabolomic features, including parts of the lipidome could enhance diagnostic power; and whether there was an advantage to deriving a combined diagnostic signature with a broader metabolomic representation. Methods The well-characterized Biocrates P150 kit was used to quantify 163 metabolites in patients with CRC (N = 62), adenoma (N = 31), and age- and gender-matched disease-free controls (N = 81). Metabolites included in the analysis included phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, acylcarnitines, and amino acids. Using a training set of 32 CRC and 21 disease-free controls, a multivariate metabolomic orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) classifier was developed. An independent set of 28 CRC and 20 matched healthy controls was used for validation. Features characterizing 31 colorectal adenomas from their healthy matched controls were also explored, and a multivariate OPLS classifier for colorectal adenoma could be proposed. Results The metabolomic profile that distinguished CRC from controls consisted of 48 metabolites (R2Y = 0.83, Q2Y = 0.75, CV-ANOVA p-value < 0.00001). In this quantitative assay, the coefficient of variance for each metabolite was <10%, and this dramatically enhanced the separation of these groups. Independent validation resulted in AUROC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93–1.00) and sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 95%. Similarly, we were able to distinguish adenoma from controls (R2Y = 0.30, Q2Y = 0.20, CV-ANOVA p-value = 0.01; internal AUROC = 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72–0.93)). When combined with the previously generated GC-MS signatures for CRC and adenoma, the candidate biomarker performance improved slightly. Conclusion The diagnostic power for metabolomic tests for colorectal neoplasia can be improved by utilizing a multimodal approach and combining metabolites from diverse chemical classes. In addition, quantification of metabolites enhances separation of disease-specific metabolomic profiles. Our future efforts will be focused on developing a quantitative assay for the metabolites comprising the optimal diagnostic biomarker. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3923-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Farshidfar
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karen A Kopciuk
- Department Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert Hilsden
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Elizabeth McGregor
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - W Donald Buie
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony MacLean
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 - 29th St NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N2, Canada.
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10
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Research progression of blood and fecal metabolites in colorectal
cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY: ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/ij9.0000000000000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Hata T, Takemasa I, Takahashi H, Haraguchi N, Nishimura J, Hata T, Mizushima T, Doki Y, Mori M. Downregulation of serum metabolite GTA-446 as a novel potential marker for early detection of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28632728 PMCID: PMC5520513 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that GTA-446 may be a useful biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer. In the present study, we confirmed the clinical feasibility of GTA-446 as a screening tool for colorectal cancer with a novel measurement system developed for clinical use. We also improved sensitivity by analysing GTA-446 levels according to gender. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 225 colorectal cancer patients and 916 healthy volunteers to measure GTA-446 levels by flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry. RESULTS GTA-446 levels were downregulated in colorectal cancer patients compared with the healthy volunteers, and in females compared with the males in both groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an optimal cut-off of 2.72 μmol l-1 in males and 1.87 μmol l-1 in females, with a large area under the curve of 0.89-0.93. The sensitivity and specificity were 90.4% and 84.9% for males, 85.2% and 80.5% for females, and 83.3% and 84.8% for all subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS GTA-446 is a clinically relevant biomarker for colorectal cancer with high sensitivity when analysed by gender. Thus, GTA-446 is a promising tool for primary colorectal cancer screening to identify populations at a higher risk of colorectal cancer, with an emphasis on early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hata
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, S1 W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taishi Hata
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Perttula K, Edmands WMB, Grigoryan H, Cai X, Iavarone AT, Gunter MJ, Naccarati A, Polidoro S, Hubbard A, Vineis P, Rappaport SM. Evaluating Ultra-long-Chain Fatty Acids as Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1216-23. [PMID: 27257090 PMCID: PMC6319388 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies reported a novel set of hydroxylated ultra-long-chain fatty acids (ULCFA) that were present at significantly lower levels in colorectal cancer cases than controls. Follow-up studies suggested that these molecules were potential biomarkers of protective exposure for colorectal cancer. To test the hypothesis that ULCFAs reflect causal pathways, we measured their levels in prediagnostic serum from incident colorectal cancer cases and controls. METHODS Serum from 95 colorectal cancer patients and 95 matched controls was obtained from the Italian arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Levels of 8 ULCFAs were compared between cases and controls with paired t tests and a linear model that used time to diagnosis (TTD) to determine whether case-control differences were influenced by disease progression. RESULTS Although paired t tests detected significantly lower levels of four ULCFAs in colorectal cancer cases, confirming earlier reports, the case-control differences diminished significantly with increasing TTD (7 days-14 years). CONCLUSION Levels of several ULCFAs were lower in incident colorectal cancer cases than controls. However, because case-control differences decreased with increasing TTD, we conclude that these molecules were likely consumed by processes related to cancer progression rather than causal pathways. IMPACT ULCFA levels are unlikely to represent exposures that protect individuals from colorectal cancer. Future research should focus on the diagnostic potential and origins of these molecules. Our use of TTD as a covariate in a linear model provides an efficient method for distinguishing causal and reactive biomarkers in biospecimens from prospective cohorts. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(8); 1216-23. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi Perttula
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Hasmik Grigoryan
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Alan Hubbard
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Paolo Vineis
- HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy. MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Ritchie SA, Akita H, Takemasa I, Eguchi H, Pastural E, Nagano H, Monden M, Doki Y, Mori M, Jin W, Sajobi TT, Jayasinghe D, Chitou B, Yamazaki Y, White T, Goodenowe DB. Metabolic system alterations in pancreatic cancer patient serum: potential for early detection. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:416. [PMID: 24024929 PMCID: PMC3847543 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the poorest among all cancers, due largely to the lack of methods for screening and early detection. New biomarkers for identifying high-risk or early-stage subjects could significantly impact PC mortality. The goal of this study was to find metabolic biomarkers associated with PC by using a comprehensive metabolomics technology to compare serum profiles of PC patients to healthy control subjects. Methods A non-targeted metabolomics approach based on high-resolution, flow-injection Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FI-FTICR-MS) was used to generate comprehensive metabolomic profiles containing 2478 accurate mass measurements from the serum of Japanese PC patients (n=40) and disease-free subjects (n=50). Targeted flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry (FI-MS/MS) assays for specific metabolic systems were developed and used to validate the FI-FTICR-MS results. A FI-MS/MS assay for the most discriminating metabolite discovered by FI-FTICR-MS (PC-594) was further validated in two USA Caucasian populations; one comprised 14 PCs, six intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasims (IPMN) and 40 controls, and a second comprised 1000 reference subjects aged 30 to 80, which was used to create a distribution of PC-594 levels among the general population. Results FI-FTICR-MS metabolomic analysis showed significant reductions in the serum levels of metabolites belonging to five systems in PC patients compared to controls (all p<0.000025). The metabolic systems included 36-carbon ultra long-chain fatty acids, multiple choline-related systems including phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, as well as vinyl ether-containing plasmalogen ethanolamines. ROC-AUCs based on FI-MS/MS of selected markers from each system ranged between 0.93 ±0.03 and 0.97 ±0.02. No significant correlations between any of the systems and disease-stage, gender, or treatment were observed. Biomarker PC-594 (an ultra long-chain fatty acid), was further validated using an independently-collected US Caucasian population (blinded analysis, n=60, p=9.9E-14, AUC=0.97 ±0.02). PC-594 levels across 1000 reference subjects showed an inverse correlation with age, resulting in a drop in the AUC from 0.99 ±0.01 to 0.90 ±0.02 for subjects aged 30 to 80, respectively. A PC-594 test positivity rate of 5.0% in low-risk reference subjects resulted in a PC sensitivity of 87% and a significant improvement in net clinical benefit based on decision curve analysis. Conclusions The serum metabolome of PC patients is significantly altered. The utility of serum metabolite biomarkers, particularly PC-594, for identifying subjects with elevated risk of PC should be further investigated.
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14
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Zheng X, Xie G, Jia W. Metabolomic profiling in colorectal cancer: opportunities for personalized medicine. Per Med 2013; 10:741-755. [PMID: 29768755 DOI: 10.2217/pme.13.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world, with high prevalence and mortality. Understanding the alterations of cancer metabolism and identifying reliable biomarkers would facilitate the development of novel technologies of CRC screening and early diagnosis, as well as new approaches to providing personalized medicine. Metabolomics, as an emerging molecular phenotyping approach, provides a clinical platform technology with an unprecedented amount of metabolic readout information, which is ideal for theranostic biomarker discovery. Metabolic signatures can link the unique pathophysiological states of patients to personalized health monitoring and intervention strategies. This article presents an overview of the metabolomic studies of CRC with a focus on recent advances in the biomarker discovery in serum, urine, fecal water and tissue samples for cancer diagnosis. The development and application of metabolomics towards personalized medicine, including early diagnosis, cancer staging, treatment and drug discovery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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15
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Puchades-Carrasco L, Lecumberri R, Martínez-López J, Lahuerta JJ, Mateos MV, Prósper F, San-Miguel JF, Pineda-Lucena A. Multiple myeloma patients have a specific serum metabolomic profile that changes after achieving complete remission. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4770-9. [PMID: 23873687 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. New approaches to develop better tools for improving patient prognostication and monitoring treatment efficacy are very much needed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of metabolomics by (1)H-NMR to provide information on metabolic profiles that could be useful in the management of multiple myeloma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Serum samples were collected from multiple myeloma patients at the time of diagnosis and after achieving complete remission. A matched control set of samples was also included in the study. The (1)H-NMR measurements used to obtain the metabolic profile for each patient were followed by the application of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to determine significant differences. RESULTS Metabolic profiles of multiple myeloma patients at diagnosis exhibited higher levels of isoleucine, arginine, acetate, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, and decreased levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate, lysine, glutamine, and some lipids compared with the control set. A similar analysis conducted in multiple myeloma patients after achieving complete remission indicated that some of the metabolic changes (i.e., glutamine, cholesterol, lysine) observed at diagnosis displayed a variation in the opposite direction upon responding to treatment, thus contributing to multiple myeloma patients having a closer metabolic profile to those of healthy individuals after the disappearance of major disease manifestations. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the potential of metabolic profiles obtained by 1H-NMR in identifying multiple myeloma biomarkers that may be useful to objectively discriminate individuals with and without multiple myeloma, and monitor response to treatment.
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Ritchie SA, Tonita J, Alvi R, Lehotay D, Elshoni H, Myat S, McHattie J, Goodenowe DB. Low-serum GTA-446 anti-inflammatory fatty acid levels as a new risk factor for colon cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:355-62. [PMID: 22696299 PMCID: PMC3675640 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract acid-446 (GTA-446) is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid present in the serum. A reduction of GTA-446 levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has been reported previously. Our study compared GTA-446 levels in subjects diagnosed with CRC at the time of colonoscopy to the general population. Serum samples and pathology data were collected from 4,923 representative subjects undergoing colonoscopy and from 964 subjects from the general population. Serum GTA-446 levels were determined using a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method. A low-serum GTA-446 level was based on the bottom tenth percentile of subjects with low risk based on age (40–49 years old) in the general population. Eighty-six percent of newly diagnosed CRC subjects (87% for stages 0–II and 85% for stages III–IV) showed low-serum GTA-446 levels. A significant increase in the CRC incidence rate with age was observed in subjects with low GTA-446 levels (p = 0.019), but not in subjects with normal levels (p = 0.86). The relative risk of CRC given a low GTA-446 level was the highest for subjects under age 50 (10.1, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] = 6.4–16.4 in the reference population, and 7.7, 95% C.I. = 4.4–14.1 in the colonoscopy population, both p < 0.0001), and declined with age thereafter. The CRC incidence rate in subjects undergoing colonoscopy with low GTA-446 levels was over six times higher than for subjects with normal GTA-446 levels and twice that of subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms. The results show that a low-serum GTA-446 level is a significant risk factor for CRC, and a sensitive predictor of early-stage disease.
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Abstract
The exposome concept promotes use of omic tools for discovering biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of disease in studies of diseased and healthy populations. A two-stage scheme is presented for profiling omic features in serum to discover molecular biomarkers and then for applying these biomarkers in follow-up studies. The initial component, referred to as an exposome-wide-association study (EWAS), employs metabolomics and proteomics to interrogate the serum exposome and, ultimately, to identify, validate and differentiate biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of disease. Follow-up studies employ knowledge-driven designs to explore disease causality, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Rappaport
- Center for Exposure Biology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7356, USA.
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Martin FPJ, Collino S, Rezzi S, Kochhar S. Metabolomic applications to decipher gut microbial metabolic influence in health and disease. Front Physiol 2012; 3:113. [PMID: 22557976 PMCID: PMC3337463 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary preferences and nutrients composition have been shown to influence human and gut microbial metabolism, which ultimately has specific effects on health and diseases’ risk. Increasingly, results from molecular biology and microbiology demonstrate the key role of the gut microbiota metabolic interface to the overall mammalian host’s health status. There is therefore raising interest in nutrition research to characterize the molecular foundations of the gut microbial–mammalian cross talk at both physiological and biochemical pathway levels. Tackling these challenges can be achieved through systems biology approaches, such as metabolomics, to underpin the highly complex metabolic exchanges between diverse biological compartments, including organs, systemic biofluids, and microbial symbionts. By the development of specific biomarkers for prediction of health and disease, metabolomics is increasingly used in clinical applications as regard to disease etiology, diagnostic stratification, and potentially mechanism of action of therapeutical and nutraceutical solutions. Surprisingly, an increasing number of metabolomics investigations in pre-clinical and clinical studies based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry provided compelling evidence that system wide and organ-specific biochemical processes are under the influence of gut microbial metabolism. This review aims at describing recent applications of metabolomics in clinical fields where main objective is to discern the biochemical mechanisms under the influence of the gut microbiota, with insight into gastrointestinal health and diseases diagnostics and improvement of homeostasis metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Pierre J Martin
- Metabolomics and Biomarkers, Department of BioAnalytical Science, Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd. Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ritchie SA, Jayasinghe D, Davies GF, Ahiahonu P, Ma H, Goodenowe DB. Human serum-derived hydroxy long-chain fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:59. [PMID: 21586136 PMCID: PMC3108922 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating levels of novel long-chain hydroxy fatty acids (called GTAs) were recently discovered in the serum of healthy subjects which were shown to be reduced in subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC), independent of tumor burden or disease stage. The levels of GTAs were subsequently observed to exhibit an inverse association with age in the general population. The current work investigates the biological activity of these fatty acids by evaluating the effects of enriched human serum extracts on cell growth and inflammation. Methods GTAs were extracted from commercially available bulk human serum and then chromatographically separated into enriched (GTA-positive) and depleted (GTA-negative) fractions. SW620, MCF7 and LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of the GTA-positive and GTA-negative extracts, and the effects on cell growth and inflammation determined. Results Enriched fractions resulted in poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, suppression of NFκB, induction of IκBα, and reduction in NOS2 mRNA transcript levels. In RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells, incubation with enriched fractions prior to treatment with LPS blocked the induction of several pro-inflammatory markers including nitric oxide, TNFα, IL-1β, NOS2 and COX2. Conclusions Our results show that human serum extracts enriched with endogenous long-chain hydroxy fatty acids possess anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity. These findings support a hypothesis that the reduction of these metabolites with age may result in a compromised ability to defend against uncontrolled cell growth and inflammation, and could therefore represent a significant risk for the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Ritchie
- Phenomenome Discoveries, Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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