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Ayettey J, Ablorde A, Amlalo GK, Mensah BA, Kudom AA. Entomological surveillance on Aedes aegypti during covid 19 period in Cape Coast, Ghana: Risk of arboviral outbreaks, multiple insecticide resistance and distribution of F1534C, V410L and V1016I kdr mutations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011397. [PMID: 37256856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study assessed the risk of transmission of Aedes-borne arboviruses in a community at Cape Coast during the Covid-19 restriction period in 2020 based on entomological indices. The spatial distribution of insecticide resistance was also assessed in Ae. aegypti population from Cape Coast. METHODS Three larval indices were calculated from a household larval survey in 100 randomly selected houses. WHO susceptibility bioassay was performed on female adult Ae. aegypti that were reared from the larvae collected from household containers and other receptacles located outside houses against four insecticides. The mosquitoes were also screened for F1534C, V1016I, and V410L kdr mutations. RESULTS The estimated larval indices in the study community were House index- 34%, Container index- 22.35%, and Breteau index- 2.02. The mosquito population was resistant to Deltamethrin (0.05%), DDT (4%), Fenitrothion (1%), and Bendiocarb (0.1%). A triple kdr mutation, F1534C, V410L and V1016I were detected in the mosquito population. CONCLUSION The study found the risk of an outbreak of Aedes-borne diseases lower in the covid-19 lockdown period than before the pandemic period. The low risk was related to frequent clean-up exercises in the community during the Covid-19 restriction period. Multiple insecticide resistance couple with three kdr mutations detected in the study population could affect the effectiveness of control measures, especially in emergency situations. The study supports sanitation improvement as a tool to control Ae. aegypti and could complement insecticide-based tools in controlling this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ayettey
- Department of Conservation Biology and Entomology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast-Ghana
| | - Aikins Ablorde
- Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | - Godwin K Amlalo
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra Ghana
| | - Ben A Mensah
- Department of Conservation Biology and Entomology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast-Ghana
| | - Andreas A Kudom
- Department of Conservation Biology and Entomology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast-Ghana
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Kamal ASMM, Al-Montakim MN, Hasan MA, Mitu MMP, Gazi MY, Uddin MM, Mia MB. Relationship between Urban Environmental Components and Dengue Prevalence in Dhaka City-An Approach of Spatial Analysis of Satellite Remote Sensing, Hydro-Climatic, and Census Dengue Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3858. [PMID: 36900868 PMCID: PMC10001735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a tropical viral disease mostly spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito across the globe. Each year, millions of people have dengue fever, and many die as a result. Since 2002, the severity of dengue in Bangladesh has increased, and in 2019, it reached its worst level ever. This research used satellite imagery to determine the spatial relationship between urban environmental components (UEC) and dengue incidence in Dhaka in 2019. Land surface temperature (LST), urban heat-island (UHI), land-use-land-cover (LULC), population census, and dengue patient data were evaluated. On the other hand, the temporal association between dengue and 2019 UEC data for Dhaka city, such as precipitation, relative humidity, and temperature, were explored. The calculation indicates that the LST in the research region varies between 21.59 and 33.33 degrees Celsius. Multiple UHIs are present within the city, with LST values ranging from 27 to 32 degrees Celsius. In 2019, these UHIs had a higher incidence of dengue. NDVI values between 0.18 and 1 indicate the presence of vegetation and plants, and the NDWI identifies waterbodies with values between 0 and 1. About 2.51%, 2.66%, 12.81%, and 82% of the city is comprised of water, bare ground, vegetation, and settlement, respectively. The kernel density estimate of dengue data reveals that the majority of dengue cases were concentrated in the city's north edge, south, north-west, and center. The dengue risk map was created by combining all of these spatial outputs (LST, UHI, LULC, population density, and dengue data) and revealed that UHIs of Dhaka are places with high ground temperature and lesser vegetation, waterbodies, and dense urban characteristics, with the highest incidence of dengue. The average yearly temperature in 2019 was 25.26 degrees Celsius. May was the warmest month, with an average monthly temperature of 28.83 degrees Celsius. The monsoon and post-monsoon seasons (middle of March to middle of September) of 2019 sustained higher ambient temperatures (>26 °C), greater relative humidity (>80%), and at least 150 mm of precipitation. The study reveals that dengue transmits faster under climatological circumstances characterized by higher temperatures, relative humidity, and precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. M. Maksud Kamal
- Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nahid Al-Montakim
- Geoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asif Hasan
- Geoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Yousuf Gazi
- Geoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahin Uddin
- Geoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Bodruddoza Mia
- Geoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Gunning CE, Morrison AC, Okamoto KW, Scott TW, Astete H, Vásquez GM, Gould F, Lloyd AL. A critical assessment of the detailed Aedes aegypti simulation model Skeeter Buster 2 using field experiments of indoor insecticidal control in Iquitos, Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010863. [PMID: 36548248 PMCID: PMC9778528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of mosquitoes in human pathogen transmission has motivated major research efforts into mosquito biology in pursuit of more effective vector control measures. Aedes aegypti is a particular concern in tropical urban areas, where it is the primary vector of numerous flaviviruses, including the yellow fever, Zika, and dengue viruses. With an anthropophilic habit, Ae. aegypti prefers houses, human blood meals, and ovipositioning in water-filled containers. We hypothesized that this relatively simple ecological niche should allow us to predict the impacts of insecticidal control measures on mosquito populations. To do this, we use Skeeter Buster 2 (SB2), a stochastic, spatially explicit, mechanistic model of Ae. aegypti population biology. SB2 builds on Skeeter Buster, which reproduced equilibrium dynamics of Ae. aegypti in Iquitos, Peru. Our goal was to validate SB2 by predicting the response of mosquito populations to perturbations by indoor insecticidal spraying and widespread destructive insect surveys. To evaluate SB2, we conducted two field experiments in Iquitos, Peru: a smaller pilot study in 2013 (S-2013) followed by a larger experiment in 2014 (L-2014). Here, we compare model predictions with (previously reported) empirical results from these experiments. In both simulated and empirical populations, repeated spraying yielded substantial yet temporary reductions in adult densities. The proportional effects of spraying were broadly comparable between simulated and empirical results, but we found noteworthy differences. In particular, SB2 consistently over-estimated the proportion of nulliparous females and the proportion of containers holding immature mosquitoes. We also observed less temporal variation in simulated surveys of adult abundance relative to corresponding empirical observations. Our results indicate the presence of ecological heterogeneities or sampling processes not effectively represented by SB2. Although additional empirical research could further improve the accuracy and precision of SB2, our results underscore the importance of non-linear dynamics in the response of Ae. aegypti populations to perturbations, and suggest general limits to the fine-grained predictability of its population dynamics over space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E. Gunning
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Virology and Emerging Infections and Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima and Iquitos, Peru
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kenichi W. Okamoto
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Scott
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Helvio Astete
- Department of Virology and Emerging Infections and Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima and Iquitos, Peru
| | - Gissella M. Vásquez
- Department of Virology and Emerging Infections and Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima and Iquitos, Peru
| | - Fred Gould
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alun L. Lloyd
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Biomathematics Graduate Program and Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thommes E, Coudeville L, Muhammad R, Martin M, Nelson CB, Chit A. Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of implementing a 'pre-vaccination screening' strategy with the dengue vaccine in Puerto Rico. Vaccine 2022; 40:7343-7351. [PMID: 36347720 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 'pre-vaccination screening' as its preferred implementation strategy when using the licensed dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV; Dengvaxia, Sanofi), so that only individuals with previous dengue infection are vaccinated. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended use of CYD-TDV to prevent dengue in children with previous laboratory-confirmed dengue infection in regions where dengue is endemic. Here, we evaluate the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of a 'pre-vaccination screening' strategy in Puerto Rico. METHODS The current analysis builds upon a previously published transmission model used to assess the benefits/risks associated with dengue vaccination. For 'pre-vaccination screening', three alternative testing methods were assessed: one using an immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dengue serotest, another with dengue serotesting using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and one using both sequentially (as recommended in Puerto Rico). The time horizon considered was 10 years. RESULTS In Puerto Rico, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted for 'pre-vaccination screening' with an ELISA-based program, RDT-based program, and both sequentially would be a median 1,192 (95% CI: 716-2,232), 2,812 (95% CI: 1,579-5,019), and 1,017 (95% CI: 561-1,738), respectively. These benefits would arise from the reduction in cases: median 24,961 (95% CI: 17,480-36,782), 58,273 (95% CI: 40,729-84,796), 20,775 (95% CI: 14,637-30,374) fewer cases, respectively. The cost per DALY averted from a payer perspective would be US$12,518 (95 %CI: US$4,749-26,922), US$10,047 (95% CI: US$3,350-23,852), and US$12,334 (95% CI: US$4,965-26,444), respectively. All three strategies would be cost saving from a societal perspective. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the WHO and CDC 'pre-vaccination screening' guidance for CYD-TDV implementation. In Puerto Rico, regardless of the testing strategy and even with a relatively low rate of testing, it would be cost-effective from a payer perspective and cost saving from a societal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Thommes
- Sanofi, 1755 Steeles Avenue W, Toronto, Ontario M2R 3T4, Canada; University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | | | | | - Maria Martin
- Sanofi, 1 Discovery Drive, Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA.
| | | | - Ayman Chit
- Sanofi, 1 Discovery Drive, Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Badolo A, Sombié A, Yaméogo F, Wangrawa DW, Sanon A, Pignatelli PM, Sanon A, Viana M, Kanuka H, Weetman D, McCall PJ. First comprehensive analysis of Aedes aegypti bionomics during an arbovirus outbreak in west Africa: Dengue in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2016–2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010059. [PMID: 35793379 PMCID: PMC9321428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Dengue’s emergence in West Africa was typified by the Burkina Faso outbreaks in 2016 and 2017, the nation’s largest to date. In both years, we undertook three-month surveys of Aedes populations in or near the capital city Ouagadougou, where the outbreaks were centered.
Methodology
In 1200LG (urban), Tabtenga (peri-urban) and Goundry (rural) localities, we collected indoor and outdoor resting mosquito adults, characterized larval habitats and containers producing pupae and reared immature stages to adulthood in the laboratory for identification. All mosquito adults were identified morphologically. Host species (from which bloodmeals were taken) were identified by PCR. Generalized mixed models were used to investigate relationships between adult or larval densities and multiple explanatory variables.
Results
From samples in 1,780 houses, adult Ae. aegypti were significantly more abundant in the two urban localities (Tabtenga and 1200 LG) in both years than in the rural site (Goundry), where Anopheles spp. were far more common. Results from adult collections indicated a highly exophilic and anthropophilic (>90% bloodmeals of human origin) vector population, but with a relatively high proportion of bloodfed females caught inside houses. Habitats producing most pupae were waste tires (37% of total pupae), animal troughs (44%) and large water barrels (30%).
While Stegomyia indices were not reliable indicators of adult mosquito abundance, shared influences on adult and immature stage densities included rainfall and container water level, collection month and container type/purpose. Spatial analysis showed autocorrelation of densities, with a partial overlap in adult and immature stage hotspots.
Conclusion
Results provide an evidence base for the selection of appropriate vector control methods to minimize the risk, frequency and magnitude of future outbreaks in Ouagadougou. An integrated strategy combining community-driven practices, waste disposal and insecticide-based interventions is proposed. The prospects for developing a regional approach to arbovirus control in West Africa or across Africa are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanase Badolo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- * E-mail: (AB); (PJM)
| | - Aboubacar Sombié
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Félix Yaméogo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dimitri W. Wangrawa
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Université Norbert Zongo, Koudougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aboubakar Sanon
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Patricia M. Pignatelli
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Sanon
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mafalda Viana
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hirotaka Kanuka
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Medical Entomology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. McCall
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AB); (PJM)
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Trash to Treasure: How Insect Protein and Waste Containers Can Improve the Environmental Footprint of Mosquito Egg Releases. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030373. [PMID: 35335697 PMCID: PMC8950251 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Release and subsequent establishment of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti in native mosquito populations has successfully reduced mosquito-borne disease incidence. While this is promising, further development is required to ensure that this method is scalable and sustainable. Egg release is a beneficial technique that requires reduced onsite resources and increases community acceptance; however, its incidental ecological impacts must be considered to ensure sustainability. In this study, we tested a more environmentally friendly mosquito rearing and release approach through the encapsulation of diet and egg mixtures and the subsequent utilization of waste containers to hatch and release mosquitoes. An ecologically friendly diet mix was specifically developed and tested for use in capsules, and we demonstrated that using either cricket or black soldier fly meal as a substitute for beef liver powder had no adverse effects on fitness or Wolbachia density. We further encapsulated both the egg and diet mixes and demonstrated no loss in viability. To address the potential of increased waste generation through disposable mosquito release containers, we tested reusing commonly found waste containers (aluminum and tin cans, PET, and glass bottles) as an alternative, conducting a case study in Kiribati to assess the concept’s cultural, political, and economic applicability. Our results showed that mosquito emergence and fitness was maintained with a variety of containers, including when tested in the field, compared to control containers, and that there are opportunities to implement this method in the Pacific Islands in a way that is culturally considerate and cost-effective.
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Martin JL, Lippi CA, Stewart-Ibarra AM, Ayala EB, Mordecai EA, Sippy R, Heras FH, Blackburn JK, Ryan SJ. Household and climate factors influence Aedes aegypti presence in the arid city of Huaquillas, Ecuador. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009931. [PMID: 34784348 PMCID: PMC8651121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) are of major public health concern on the arid coastal border of Ecuador and Peru. This high transit border is a critical disease surveillance site due to human movement-associated risk of transmission. Local level studies are thus integral to capturing the dynamics and distribution of vector populations and social-ecological drivers of risk, to inform targeted public health interventions. Our study examines factors associated with household-level Ae. aegypti presence in Huaquillas, Ecuador, while accounting for spatial and temporal effects. From January to May of 2017, adult mosquitoes were collected from a cohort of households (n = 63) in clusters (n = 10), across the city of Huaquillas, using aspirator backpacks. Household surveys describing housing conditions, demographics, economics, travel, disease prevention, and city services were conducted by local enumerators. This study was conducted during the normal arbovirus transmission season (January—May), but during an exceptionally dry year. Household level Ae. aegypti presence peaked in February, and counts were highest in weeks with high temperatures and a week after increased rainfall. Univariate analyses with proportional odds logistic regression were used to explore household social-ecological variables and female Ae. aegypti presence. We found that homes were more likely to have Ae. aegypti when households had interruptions in piped water service. Ae. aegypti presence was less likely in households with septic systems. Based on our findings, infrastructure access and seasonal climate are important considerations for vector control in this city, and even in dry years, the arid environment of Huaquillas supports Ae. aegypti breeding habitat. Mosquito transmitted infectious diseases are a growing concern around the world. The yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) has been responsible for recent major outbreaks of disease, including dengue fever and Zika. This mosquito prefers to bite humans and lay its eggs in artificial containers such as water tanks and planters. This makes Ae. aegypti well suited to become established in growing urban areas. Controlling these mosquitoes has been an important way to reduce the risk of disease transmission. Studies that are undertaken to understand local factors that contribute to the continued survival of the mosquito can be used to inform control practices. We conducted a study in the largest Ecuadorian city on the border of Peru where we collected adult mosquitoes from houses and surveyed household members about their behaviors, perceptions, and housing infrastructure associated with the mosquito vector. Mosquitoes were most numerous in weeks with high temperatures and a week after increased rainfall. We found that houses that had unreliable water service were more likely have mosquitoes present, while houses that used septic systems were less likely to have mosquitoes present.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Martin
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Lippi
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra
- Institute for Global Health & Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- InterAmerican Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Erin A. Mordecai
- Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Sippy
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health & Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University
| | - Froilán Heras Heras
- Institute for Global Health & Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University
| | - Jason K. Blackburn
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Spatial Epidemiology and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Manrique-Saide P, Herrera-Bojórquez J, Villegas-Chim J, Puerta-Guardo H, Ayora-Talavera G, Parra-Cardeña M, Medina-Barreiro A, Ramírez-Medina M, Chi-Ku A, Trujillo-Peña E, Méndez-Vales RE, Delfín-González H, Toledo-Romaní ME, Bazzani R, Bolio-Arceo E, Gómez-Dantés H, Che-Mendoza A, Pavía-Ruz N, Kirstein OD, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. Protective effect of house screening against indoor Aedes aegypti in Mérida, Mexico: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:1677-1688. [PMID: 34587328 PMCID: PMC9298035 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of house screening (HS) on indoor Aedes aegypti infestation, abundance and arboviral infection in Merida, Mexico. METHODS In 2019, we performed a cluster randomised controlled trial (6 control and 6 intervention areas: 100 households/area). Intervention clusters received permanently fixed fiberglass HS on all windows and doors. The study included two cross-sectional entomologic surveys, one baseline (dry season in May 2019) and one post-intervention (PI, rainy season between September and October 2019). The presence and number of indoor Aedes females and blood-fed females (indoor mosquito infestation) as well as arboviral infections with dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses were evaluated in a subsample of 30 houses within each cluster. RESULTS HS houses had significantly lower risk for having Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.97, p = 0.04) and blood-fed females (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.28-0.97, p = 0.04) than unscreened households from the control arm. Compared to control houses, HS houses had significantly lower indoor Ae. aegypti abundance (rate ratio [RR] = 0.50, 95% CI 0.30-0.83, p = 0.01), blood-fed Ae. aegypti females (RR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.27-0.85, p = 0.01) and female Ae. aegypti positive for arboviruses (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.10-0.86, p = 0.02). The estimated intervention efficacy in reducing Ae. aegypti arbovirus infection was 71%. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence supporting the use of HS as an effective pesticide-free method to control house infestations with Aedes aegypti and reduce the transmission of Aedes-transmitted viruses such as DENV, chikungunya (CHIKV) and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Josué Herrera-Bojórquez
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Josué Villegas-Chim
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Manuel Parra-Cardeña
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Marypaz Ramírez-Medina
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Aylin Chi-Ku
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Emilio Trujillo-Peña
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | | | - Hugo Delfín-González
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - María E Toledo-Romaní
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Pedro Kourí', La Habana, Cuba
| | - Roberto Bazzani
- International Development Research Centre of Canada, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Hector Gómez-Dantés
- Centro de Investigación en Sistemas de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Azael Che-Mendoza
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Norma Pavía-Ruz
- Laboratorio de Hematología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Oscar D Kirstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Temperature, traveling, slums, and housing drive dengue transmission in a non-endemic metropolis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009465. [PMID: 34115753 PMCID: PMC8221794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is steadily increasing worldwide and expanding into higher latitudes. Current non-endemic areas are prone to become endemic soon. To improve understanding of dengue transmission in these settings, we assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the hitherto largest outbreak in the non-endemic metropolis of Buenos Aires, Argentina, based on detailed information on the 5,104 georeferenced cases registered during summer-autumn of 2016. The highly seasonal dengue transmission in Buenos Aires was modulated by temperature and triggered by imported cases coming from regions with ongoing outbreaks. However, local transmission was made possible and consolidated heterogeneously in the city due to housing and socioeconomic characteristics of the population, with 32.8% of autochthonous cases occurring in slums, which held only 6.4% of the city population. A hierarchical spatiotemporal model accounting for imperfect detection of cases showed that, outside slums, less-affluent neighborhoods of houses (vs. apartments) favored transmission. Global and local spatiotemporal point-pattern analyses demonstrated that most transmission occurred at or close to home. Additionally, based on these results, a point-pattern analysis was assessed for early identification of transmission foci during the outbreak while accounting for population spatial distribution. Altogether, our results reveal how social, physical, and biological processes shape dengue transmission in Buenos Aires and, likely, other non-endemic cities, and suggest multiple opportunities for control interventions. Dengue fever is mainly transmitted by a mosquito species that is highly urbanized, and lays eggs and develops mostly in artificial water containers. Dengue transmission is sustained year-round in most tropical regions of the world, but in many subtropical/temperate regions it occurs only in the warmest months. To improve understanding of dengue transmission in these regions, we analyzed one of the largest outbreaks in Buenos Aires city, a subtropical metropolis. Based on information on 5,104 georeferenced cases during summer-autumn 2016, we found that most transmission occurred in or near home, that slums had the highest risk of transmission, and that, outside slums, less-affluent neighborhoods of houses (vs. apartments) favored transmission. We showed that the cumulative effects of temperature over the previous few weeks set the temporal limits for transmission to occur, and that the outbreak was sparked by infected people arriving from regions with ongoing outbreaks. Additionally, we implemented a statistical method to identify transmission foci in real-time that improves targeting control interventions. Our results deepen the understanding of dengue transmission as a result of social, physical, and biological processes, and pose multiple opportunities for improving control of dengue and other mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever.
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Li Y, Zhou G, Zhong D, Wang X, Hemming‐Schroeder E, David RE, Lee M, Zhong S, Yi G, Liu Z, Cui G, Yan G. Widespread multiple insecticide resistance in the major dengue vector Aedes albopictus in Hainan Province, China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1945-1953. [PMID: 33301644 PMCID: PMC7986907 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is a highly invasive mosquito and has become a potential vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Insecticide-based mosquito interventions are the main tools for vector-borne disease control. However, mosquito resistance to insecticides is a major threat to effective prevention and control. Five Ae. albopictus populations across Hainan Province, China were investigated for susceptibility to multiple insecticide and resistance mechanisms. RESULTS Larval bioassays indicated that resistance to pyrethroids was common in all larval populations. Adult bioassays revealed all populations were either resistant or highly resistant to at least four of the six synthetic insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, propoxur, malathion, and DDT) tested. Pre-exposure of mosquitoes to the synergistic agent piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased mosquito mortality by 2.4-43.3% in bioassays to DDT, malathion, and permethrin and rendered mosquito sensitive to deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, and propoxur. The frequency of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations (F1534S and F1534C) ranged from 69.8% to 89.3% and from 38.1% to 87.0% in field-resistant and sensitive populations, respectively. F1534S mutation was significantly associated with pyrethroid resistance. No mutation was detected in the acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) gene in the two examined populations. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of widespread resistance to multiple insecticides in Ae. albopictus in Hainan Province, China. Both kdr mutations and metabolic detoxification were potential causes of insecticide resistance for Ae. albopictus. Our findings highlight the need for insecticide resistance management and mosquito control measures that do not entirely depend on synthetic insecticides. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiji Li
- Department of Pathogen BiologyHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | | | - Randy E David
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Ming‐Chieh Lee
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Saifeng Zhong
- Department of Pathogen BiologyHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Guohui Yi
- Public Research LaboratoryHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Zhuanzhuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and ImmunologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Guzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory for Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of EducationSchool of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public HealthSchool of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
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11
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Akter R, Hu W, Gatton M, Bambrick H, Cheng J, Tong S. Climate variability, socio-ecological factors and dengue transmission in tropical Queensland, Australia: A Bayesian spatial analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110285. [PMID: 33027631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a wide-spread mosquito-borne disease globally with a likelihood of becoming endemic in tropical Queensland, Australia. The aim of this study was to analyse the spatial variation of dengue notifications in relation to climate variability and socio-ecological factors in the tropical climate zone of Queensland, Australia. METHODS Data on the number of dengue cases and climate variables including minimum temperature, maximum temperature and rainfall for the period of January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2015 were obtained for each Statistical Local Area (SLA) from Queensland Health and Australian Bureau of Meteorology, respectively. Socio-ecological data including estimated resident population, percentage of Indigenous population, housing structure (specifically terrace house), socio-economic index and land use types for each SLA were obtained from Australian Bureau of Statistics, and Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, respectively. To quantify the relationship between dengue, climate and socio-ecological factors, multivariate Poisson regression models in a Bayesian framework were developed with a conditional autoregressive prior structure. Posterior parameters were estimated using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation with Gibbs sampling. RESULTS In the tropical climate zone of Queensland, the estimated number of dengue cases was predicted to increase by 85% [95% Credible Interval (CrI): 25%, 186%] and 7% (95% CrI: 0.1%, 14%) for a 1-mm increase in average annual rainfall and 1% increase in the proportion of terrace houses, respectively. The estimated spatial variation (structured random effects) was small compared to the remaining unstructured variation, suggesting that the inclusion of covariates resulted in no residual spatial autocorrelation in dengue data. CONCLUSIONS Climate and socio-ecological factors explained much of the heterogeneity of dengue transmission dynamics in the tropical climate zone of Queensland. Results will help to further understand the risk factors of dengue transmission and will provide scientific evidence in designing effective local dengue control programs in the most needed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokeya Akter
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Michelle Gatton
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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Jepson WE, Stoler J, Baek J, Morán Martínez J, Uribe Salas FJ, Carrillo G. Cross-sectional study to measure household water insecurity and its health outcomes in urban Mexico. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040825. [PMID: 33674365 PMCID: PMC7938997 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the links between structural and household determinants of household water insecurity and test three water insecurity measures against self-reported diarrhoea, dengue fever and perceived stress in the middle-income and low-income urban areas of Torreón, Mexico. DESIGN Cross-sectional household survey conducted in two waves (rainy and dry seasons). PARTICIPANTS 500 households selected via multistage cluster sample in selected communities. Socioeconomic status determined the selection of participant neighbourhoods; five were identified in low socioeconomic status neighbourhoods and five in low-medium socioeconomic status neighbourhoods. We examine how the context of urban water provision is related to a new cross-culturally valid Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The HWISE Scale, self-reported diarrhoea, dengue fever and the Perceived Stress Scale. RESULTS Water system intermittency (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.96, 95% CI 2.40 to 6.54, p<0.001), unpredictability (AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.74, p=0.002) and the dry season (AOR 3.47, 95% CI 2.18 to 5.52, p<0.001) were structural correlates of the HWISE Scale. This study also found that the HWISE Scale was associated with two health outcomes, self-reported diarrhoea (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.15, p=0.002) and perceived stress (β=0.28, SE=0.07, t=4.30, p<0.001), but not self-reported dengue fever (AOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.06). A 3-item hygiene subscore and a 3-item water worry subscore were also both positively associated with self-reported diarrhoea and perceived stress. CONCLUSION Short-form screeners of water insecurity may be useful for assessing certain health risks by lay survey workers in settings with limited healthcare resources, particularly in lieu of more expensive microbiological tests that require specialised training and facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Jepson
- Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Justin Stoler
- Geography, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Juha Baek
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier Morán Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Facultad de Medicina Unidad Torreón, Torreón, Mexico
| | | | - Genny Carrillo
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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13
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Pérez D, Robert E, Pérez EJ, Vanlerberghe V, Lefèvre P, Ridde V. A Realist Synthesis of Community-Based Interventions in Vector-Borne Diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1202-1210. [PMID: 33646975 PMCID: PMC8045614 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Randomized control trials have provided evidence that some community-based interventions (CBIs) work in vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Conversely, there is limited evidence on how well those CBIs succeed in producing specific outcomes in different contexts. To conduct a realist synthesis for knowledge translation on this topic, we examined the extent to which realist concepts (context, mechanisms, and outcomes) and their relationships are present in the existing literature on CBIs for VBDs. Articles on CBIs were identified from prior scoping reviews of health interventions for VBDs. Content of the articles was extracted verbatim if it referred either to realist concepts or CBI features. The number of articles and the average number of words extracted per category per CBI were quantified. Content of the articles was scrutinized to inductively gather qualitative evidence on the interactions between realist concepts. We reviewed 41 articles on 17 CBIs from 12 countries. The average number of words used for mechanisms was much lower than those used for outcomes and context (309,474, and 836, respectively). The average number of words used for mechanisms increased when a CBI was described in three or more articles. There were more extensive accounts on CBI features than on mechanisms. It was difficult to gather evidence on the interactions among realist concepts from the content of the articles. Scarce reporting on mechanisms in published articles limits conducting a realist synthesis of CBIs in VBDs. More transdisciplinary research that goes beyond the biomedical paradigm is needed to boost the development of intervention mechanisms in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Pérez
- 1Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Habana, Cuba
| | - Emilie Robert
- 2ICARES and Centre de Recherche SHERPA (Institut Universitaire Au Regard des Communautés Ethnoculturelles, CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-del'Île-de-Montréal), Montreal, Canada
| | - Elsury J Pérez
- 3Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), University of Montreal School of Public Health (ESPUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Lefèvre
- 5Free-Lance Consultant in International Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry Ridde
- 6CEPED, IRD (French Institute for Research on Sustainable Development), Université de Paris, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
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14
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Lippi CA, Stewart-Ibarra AM, Endy TP, Abbott M, Cueva C, Heras F, Polhemus M, Beltrán-Ayala E, Ryan SJ. Exploring the utility of social-ecological and entomological risk factors for dengue infection as surveillance indicators in the dengue hyper-endemic city of Machala, Ecuador. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009257. [PMID: 33740003 PMCID: PMC8011822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of mosquito-borne diseases is a challenge in southern coastal Ecuador, where dengue is hyper-endemic and co-circulates with other arboviral diseases. Prior work in the region has explored social-ecological factors, dengue case data, and entomological indices. In this study, we bring together entomological and epidemiological data to describe links between social-ecological factors associated with risk of dengue transmission at the household level in Machala, Ecuador. Households surveys were conducted from 2014-2017 to assess the presence of adult Aedes aegypti (collected via aspiration) and to enumerate housing conditions, demographics, and mosquito prevention behaviors. Household-level dengue infection status was determined by laboratory diagnostics in 2014-2015. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify social-ecological variables associated with household presence of female Ae. aegypti and household dengue infection status, respectively. Aedes aegypti presence was associated with interruptions in water service and weekly trash collection, and household air conditioning was protective against mosquito presence. Presence of female Ae. aegypti was not associated with household dengue infections. We identified shaded patios and head of household employment status as risk factors for household-level dengue infection, while window screening in good condition was identified as protective against dengue infection. These findings add to our understanding of the systems of mosquito-borne disease transmission in Machala, and in the larger region of southern Ecuador, aiding in the development of improved vector surveillance efforts, and targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Lippi
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab Group, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra
- Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, Department of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy P. Endy
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mark Abbott
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Cinthya Cueva
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Froilán Heras
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark Polhemus
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | | | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab Group, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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15
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de Macêdo SF, Silva KA, de Vasconcelos RB, de Sousa IV, Mesquita LPS, Barakat RDM, Fernandes HMC, Queiroz ACM, Santos GPG, Filho VCB, Carrasquilla G, Caprara A, de Oliveira Lima JW. Scaling up of Eco-Bio-Social Strategy to Control Aedes aegypti in Highly Vulnerable Areas in Fortaleza, Brazil: A Cluster, Non-Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031278. [PMID: 33572650 PMCID: PMC7908398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a cosmopolitan vector for arboviruses dengue, Zika and chikungunya, disseminated in all Brazilian states. The Eco-Bio-Social (EBS) strategy is vital in Aedes aegypti control as it mobilizes stakeholders (government, professionals, society, and academics) to promote healthy environments. This paper describes the rationale and methods of expanding the EBS strategy for Aedes aegypti control in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. A cluster, non-randomized controlled clinical trial was developed to analyze the strategy’s effectiveness in vulnerable territories (high incidence of dengue and violent deaths; low HDI; substandard urban infrastructure, high population density, and water scarcity). We selected two intervention and two control groups, resulting in a sample of approximately 16,000 properties. The intervention consisted of environmental management by sealing large elevated water tanks, introduction of beta fish in waterholes, elimination of potential breeding sites, and mobilization and training of schoolchildren, endemic disease workers, health workers, social mobilizers, and community leaders; community surveillance of arboviruses; construction and validation of a booklet for the prevention of arboviruses in pregnant women. We analyzed the costs of arboviruses to government and households, the intervention cost-effectiveness, chikungunya’s chronicity, and acceptance, sustainability, and governance of vector control actions. The primary outcome (infestation) was analyzed using the house, container, and Breteau indices. We hope that this study will help us understand how to scale up strategies to fight Aedes aegypti in vulnerable areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyanne Freire de Macêdo
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Piauí, Picos 64607-670, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Kellyanne Abreu Silva
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
| | - Renata Borges de Vasconcelos
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
| | - Izautina Vasconcelos de Sousa
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
| | - Lyvia Patrícia Soares Mesquita
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
| | - Roberta Duarte Maia Barakat
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
| | - Hélida Melo Conrado Fernandes
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
| | - Ana Carolina Melo Queiroz
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
| | - Gerarlene Ponte Guimarães Santos
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
| | - Valter Cordeiro Barbosa Filho
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Aracati Campus, Aracati 62800-000, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Caprara
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
| | - José Wellington de Oliveira Lima
- Collective Health Postgraduate Program, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (K.A.S.); (R.B.d.V.); (I.V.d.S.); (L.P.S.M.); (R.D.M.B.); (H.M.C.F.); (A.C.M.Q.); (G.P.G.S.); (V.C.B.F.); (A.C.); (J.W.d.O.L.)
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Freitas DA, Souza-Santos R, Carvalho LMA, Barros WB, Neves LM, Brasil P, Wakimoto MD. Congenital Zika syndrome: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242367. [PMID: 33320867 PMCID: PMC7737899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signs and symptoms of Zika virus infection are usually mild and self-limited. However, the disease has been linked to neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and peripheral nerve involvement, and also to abortion and fetal deaths due to vertical transmission, resulting in various congenital malformations in newborns, including microcephaly. This review aimed to describe the o signs and symptoms that characterize the congenital Zika syndrome. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic review was performed with a protocol and described according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The search strategy yielded 2,048 studies. After the exclusion of duplicates and application of inclusion criteria, 46 studies were included. The main signs and symptoms associated with the congenital Zika syndrome were microcephaly, parenchymal or cerebellar calcifications, ventriculomegaly, central nervous system hypoplasia or atrophy, arthrogryposis, ocular findings in the posterior and anterior segments, abnormal visual function and low birthweight for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a series of changes in the growth and development of children, while impacting the healthcare system due to the severity of cases. Our findings outline the disease profile in newborns and infants and may contribute to the development and updating of more specific clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Freitas
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Souza-Santos
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liege M. A. Carvalho
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wagner B. Barros
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiza M. Neves
- Fernandes Figueira Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayumi D. Wakimoto
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Oliveira-Christe R, Wilke ABB, Marrelli MT. Microgeographic Wing-Shape Variation in Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120862. [PMID: 33287264 PMCID: PMC7761735 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis are vectors of several arboviruses, including the dengue, chikungunya, and Rocio virus infection. While Ae. albopictus is a highly invasive species native to Asia and has been dispersed by humans to most parts of the world, Ae. scapularis is native to Brazil and is widely distributed in the southeast of the country. Both species are highly anthropophilic and are often abundant in places with high human population densities. Because of the great epidemiological importance of these two mosquitoes and the paucity of knowledge on how they have adapted to different urban built environments, we investigated the microgeographic population structure of these vector species in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using wing geometric morphometrics. Females of Ae. albopictus and Ae. scapularis were collected in seven urban parks in the city. The right wings of the specimens were removed and digitized, and eighteen landmarks based on vein intersections in the wing venation patterns were used to assess cross-sectional variation in wing shape and size. The analyses revealed distinct results for Ae. albopictus and Ae. scapularis populations. While the former had less wing shape variation, the latter had more heterogeneity, indicating a higher degree of intraspecific variation. Our results indicate that microgeographic selective pressures exerted by different urban built environments have a distinct effect on wing shape patterns in the populations of these two mosquito species studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Oliveira-Christe
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Butanta, SP, Brazil;
| | - André Barretto Bruno Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Butanta, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 Butanta, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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dos Anjos RS, Nóbrega RS, Ferreira HDS, de Lacerda AP, de Sousa-Neves N. Exploring local and global regression models to estimate the spatial variability of Zika and Chikungunya cases in Recife, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200027. [PMID: 32997047 PMCID: PMC7523520 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0027-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aim to compare spatial statistic models to estimate the spatial distribution of Zika and Chikungunya infections in the city of Recife, Brazil. We also aim to establish the relationship between the diseases and the analyzed geographical conditions. METHODS The models were defined by combining three categories: type of spatial unit, calculation of the dependent variable format, and estimation methods (Geographical Weighted Regression [GWR] and Ordinary Least Square [OLS]). We identified the most accurate model to estimate the spatial distribution of the diseases. After selecting the model that provided best results, the relationship between the geographical conditions and the incidence of the diseases was analyzed. RESULTS It was observed that the matrix of 100 meters (as the spatial unit) showed the highest efficiency to estimate the diseases. The best results were observed in the models that utilized the kernel density estimation (as the calculation of the dependent variable). In all models, the GWR method showed the best results. By considering the OLS coefficient values, it was observed that all geographical conditions are related to the incidence of Zika and Chikungunya, while the GWR coefficient values showed where this relationship was more noticeable. CONCLUSIONS The model that utilized the combination of the matrix of 100 meters, kernel density estimation (as the calculation of the dependent variable) and GWR method showed the highest efficiency in estimating the spatial distribution of the diseases. The coefficient values showed that all analyzed geographical conditions are related to the illnesses' incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Silva dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Ciências Geográficas, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Ranyére Silva Nóbrega
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Ciências Geográficas, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Nuno de Sousa-Neves
- University of Évora, Department of Landscape, Environment and Planning, Évora, Portugal
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Leontsini E, Maloney S, Ramírez M, Rodriguez E, Gurman T, Ballard Sara A, Hunter GC. A qualitative study of community perspectives surrounding cleaning practices in the context of Zika prevention in El Salvador: implications for community-based Aedes aegypti control. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1385. [PMID: 32912177 PMCID: PMC7488301 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In El Salvador, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transmitting Zika and other arboviruses use water storage containers as important oviposition sites. Promotion of water storage container cleaning is a key element of prevention programs. We explored community perceptions surrounding cleaning practices among pregnant women, male partners of pregnant women, and women likely to become pregnant. Methods Researchers conducted 11 focus groups and 12 in-depth interviews which included individual elicitations of Zika prevention measures practiced in the community. Focus group participants rated 18 images depicting Zika-related behaviors according to effectiveness and feasibility in the community context, discussed influencing determinants, voted on community intentions to perform prevention behaviors, and performed washbasin cleaning simulations. In-depth interviews with male partners of pregnant women used projective techniques with images to explore their perceptions on a subset of Zika prevention behaviors. Results General cleaning of the home, to ensure a healthy environment, was a strong community norm. In this context, participants gave water storage container cleaning a high rating, for both its effectiveness and feasibility. Participants were convinced that they cleaned their water storage containers effectively against Zika, but their actual skills were inadequate to destroy Aedes aegypti eggs. A further constraint was the schedule of water availability. Even during pregnancy, male partners rarely cleaned water storage containers because water became available in homes when they were at work. Furthermore, prevailing gender norms did not foster male participation in domestic cleaning activities. Despite these factors, many men were willing to provide substantial support with cleaning when their partners were pregnant, in order to protect their family. Conclusions Behavior change programs for the prevention of Zika and other arboviruses need to improve community members’ mosquito egg destruction skills rather than perpetuate the promotion of non-specific cleaning in and around the home as effective. Egg elimination must be clearly identified as the objective of water storage container maintenance and programs should highlight the effective techniques to achieve this goal. In addition, programs must build the skills of family members who support pregnant women to maintain the frequency of effective egg destruction in all water storage containers of the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Leontsini
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Sean Maloney
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Margarita Ramírez
- Bulevar Acatán 31-25 zona 16, Villas de San Isidro, Torre I, Apto 201, 01016, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Eric Rodriguez
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Tilly Gurman
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Anne Ballard Sara
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Gabrielle C Hunter
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
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20
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Vitale M, Lupone CD, Kenneson-Adams A, Ochoa RJ, Ordoñez T, Beltran-Ayala E, Endy TP, Rosenbaum PF, Stewart-Ibarra AM. A comparison of passive surveillance and active cluster-based surveillance for dengue fever in southern coastal Ecuador. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1065. [PMID: 32631315 PMCID: PMC7336448 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a major emerging infectious disease, endemic throughout the tropics and subtropics, with approximately 2.5 billion people at risk globally. Active (AS) and passive surveillance (PS), when combined, can improve our understanding of dengue's complex disease dynamics to guide effective, targeted public health interventions. The objective of this study was to compare findings from the Ministry of Health (MoH) PS to a prospective AS arbovirus research study in Machala, Ecuador in 2014 and 2015. METHODS Dengue cases in the PS system were compared to laboratory confirmed acute dengue illness cases that entered the AS study during the study period. Variables of interest included age class and sex. Outbreak detection curves by epidemiologic week, overall cumulative incidence and age-specific incidence proportions were calculated. Descriptive statistics were tabulated for all variables of interest. Chi-square tests were performed to compare demographic characteristics between the AS and PS data sets in 2014 and 2015. RESULTS 177 and 245 cases were identified from 1/1/2014 to 12/31/2015 by PS and AS, respectively; nine cases appeared in both systems. AS identified a greater number of laboratory-confirmed cases in 2014, accounting for more than 60% of dengue cases in the study area. In 2015, the opposite trend was observed with PS identifying 60% of the dengue cases in the study area. Peak transmission time in laboratory confirmed dengue illness, as noted by AS and PS was similar in 2014, whereas earlier detection (7 weeks) was observed by AS in 2015. Younger patients were more frequently identified by PS, while older patients were identified more frequently by AS. The cumulative incidence proportion for laboratory confirmed dengue illness reported via PS to the MoH was 4.12 cases per 10,000 residents in 2014, and 2.21 cases per 10,000 residents in 2015. CONCLUSIONS Each surveillance system captured distinct demographic subgroups within the Machala population, possibly due to differences in healthcare seeking behaviors, access to care, emerging threats of other viruses transmitted by the same mosquito vector and/or differences in clinical presentation. Integrating AS with pre-existing PS can aid in identifying additional cases in previously underdiagnosed subpopulations, improving our understanding of disease dynamics, and facilitating the implementation of timely public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vitale
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
- College of Medicine, MD Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Christina D Lupone
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Aileen Kenneson-Adams
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Efráin Beltran-Ayala
- Ministry of Health, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Timothy P Endy
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Paula F Rosenbaum
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Anna M Stewart-Ibarra
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Montevideo, Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Donnelly MAP, Kluh S, Snyder RE, Barker CM. Quantifying sociodemographic heterogeneities in the distribution of Aedes aegypti among California households. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008408. [PMID: 32692760 PMCID: PMC7394445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of Aedes aegypti in California and other regions of the U.S. has increased the need to understand the potential for local chains of Ae. aegypti-borne virus transmission, particularly in arid regions where the ecology of these mosquitoes is less understood. For public health and vector control programs, it is helpful to know whether variation in risk of local transmission can be attributed to socio-demographic factors that could help to target surveillance and control programs. Socio-demographic factors have been shown to influence transmission risk of dengue virus outside the U.S. by modifying biting rates and vector abundance. In regions of the U.S. where Ae. aegypti have recently invaded and where residential areas are structured differently than those in the tropics where Ae. aegypti are endemic, it is unclear how socio-demographic factors modify the abundance of Ae. aegypti populations. Understanding heterogeneities among households in Ae. aegypti abundance will provide a better understanding of local vectorial capacity and is an important component of understanding risk of local Ae. aegypti-borne virus transmission. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Los Angeles County, California during summer 2017 to understand the causes of variation in relative abundance of Ae. aegypti among households. We surveyed 161 houses, representing a wide range of incomes. Surveys consisted of systematic adult mosquito collections, inspections of households and properties, and administration of a questionnaire in English or Spanish. Adult Ae. aegypti were detected at 72% of households overall and were found indoors at 12% of households. An average of 3.1 Ae. aegypti were collected per household. Ae. aegypti abundance outdoors was higher in lower-income neighborhoods and around older households with larger outdoor areas, greater densities of containers with standing water, less frequent yard maintenance, and greater air-conditioner use. We also found that Ae. aegypti abundance indoors was higher in households that had less window and door screening, less air-conditioner usage, more potted plants indoors, more rain-exposed containers around the home, and lower neighborhood human population densities. Our results indicate that, in the areas of southern California studied, there are behavioral and socio-demographic determinants of Ae. aegypti abundance, and that low-income households could be at higher risk for exposure to Ae. aegypti biting and potentially greater risk for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya virus transmission if a local outbreak were to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A. P. Donnelly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Susanne Kluh
- Greater Los Angeles County Vector Control District, Santa Fe Springs, California, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Snyder
- Vector-borne Disease Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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22
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Quintero J, Ronderos Pulido N, Logan J, Ant T, Bruce J, Carrasquilla G. Effectiveness of an intervention for Aedes aegypti control scaled-up under an inter-sectoral approach in a Colombian city hyper-endemic for dengue virus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230486. [PMID: 32236142 PMCID: PMC7112230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti transmitted arboviral diseases are of significant importance in Colombia, particularly since the 2014/2015 introduction of chikungunya and Zika in the Americas and the increasing spread of dengue. In response, the Colombian government initiated the scaling-up of a community-based intervention under inter and multi-sector partnerships in two out of four sectors in Girardot, one of the most hyper-endemic dengue cities in the country. Using a quasi-experimental research design a scaled-up community-led Aedes control intervention was assessed for its capacity to reduce dengue from January 2010 to August 2017 in Girardot, Colombia. Reported dengue cases, and associated factors were analysed from available data sets from the Colombian disease surveillance systems. We estimated the reduction in dengue cases before and after the intervention using, Propensity Score Matching and an Autoregressive Moving Average model for robustness. In addition, the differences in dengue incidence among scaling-up phases (pre-implementation vs sustainability) and between treatment groups (intervention and control areas) were modelled. Evidence was found in favour of the intervention, although to maximise impact the scaling-up of the intervention should continue until it covers the remaining sectors. It is expected that a greater impact of the intervention can be documented in the next outbreak of dengue in Girardot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Quintero
- Eje de Salud Poblacional, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- Universidad Santo Tomas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - James Logan
- Eje de Salud Poblacional, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Ant
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Bruce
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Pinchoff J, Serino A, Merritt AP, Hunter G, Silva M, Parikh P, Hewett PC. Evidence-Based Process for Prioritizing Positive Behaviors for Promotion: Zika Prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean and Applicability to Future Health Emergency Responses. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019; 7:404-417. [PMID: 31558597 PMCID: PMC6816817 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-19-00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To maximize the impact of Zika prevention programming efforts, a prioritization process for social and behavior change programming was developed based on a combination of research evidence and programmatic experience. Prioritized behaviors were: application of mosquito repellent, use of condoms, removing unintentional standing water, covering and scrubbing walls of water storage containers, seeking prenatal care, and seeking counseling on family planning if not planning to get pregnant. Since the 2015 Zika outbreak in Latin America and the Caribbean, a plethora of behavior change messages have been promoted to reduce Zika transmission. One year after the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiated its Zika response, more than 30 variants of preventive behaviors were being promoted. This situation challenged social and behavior change (SBC) programming efforts that require a coordinated response and agreed upon set of focus behaviors to be effective. To support USAID implementing partners in harmonizing prevention efforts to reduce Zika infection, we developed an evidence-based process to identify behaviors with the highest potential to reduce Zika infection and transmission. We compiled a full list of behaviors and selected the most promising for a full evidence review. The review included systematic keyword searches on Google Scholar, extraction of all relevant published articles on Aedes-borne diseases between 2012 and 2018, review of seminal papers, and review of gray literature. We examined articles to determine each behavior's potential effectiveness in preventing Zika transmission or reducing the Aedes aegypti population. We also developed assessment criteria to delineate the ease with which the target population could adopt each behavior, including: (1) required frequency; (2) feasibility of the behavior; and (3) accessibility and cost of the necessary materials in the setting. These behaviors were refined through a consensus-building process with USAID's Zika implementing partners, considering contextual factors. The resulting 7 evidence-based preventive behaviors have high potential to strengthen SBC programming's impact in USAID's Zika response: (1) apply mosquito repellent, (2) use condoms during pregnancy, (3) remove standing water, (4) cover water storage containers, (5) clean/remove mosquito eggs from water containers, (6) seek antenatal care, and (7) seek family planning counseling. This case study documents a flexible process that can be adapted to inform the prioritization of behaviors when there is limited evidence available, as during many emergency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Serino
- United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Gabrielle Hunter
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore MD, USA
| | | | - Priya Parikh
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore MD, USA
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24
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Satellite Earth Observation Data in Epidemiological Modeling of Malaria, Dengue and West Nile Virus: A Scoping Review. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11161862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Earth Observation (EO) data can be leveraged to estimate environmental variables that influence the transmission cycle of the pathogens that lead to mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs). The aim of this scoping review is to examine the state-of-the-art and identify knowledge gaps on the latest methods that used satellite EO data in their epidemiological models focusing on malaria, dengue and West Nile Virus (WNV). In total, 43 scientific papers met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. Researchers have examined a wide variety of methodologies ranging from statistical to machine learning algorithms. A number of studies used models and EO data that seemed promising and claimed to be easily replicated in different geographic contexts, enabling the realization of systems on regional and national scales. The need has emerged to leverage furthermore new powerful modeling approaches, like artificial intelligence and ensemble modeling and explore new and enhanced EO sensors towards the analysis of big satellite data, in order to develop accurate epidemiological models and contribute to the reduction of the burden of MBDs.
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Bartsch SM, Asti L, Cox SN, Durham DP, Randall S, Hotez PJ, Galvani AP, Lee BY. What Is the Value of Different Zika Vaccination Strategies to Prevent and Mitigate Zika Outbreaks? J Infect Dis 2019; 220:920-931. [PMID: 30544164 PMCID: PMC6688058 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the 2015-2016 Zika epidemics prompted accelerated vaccine development, decision makers need to know the potential economic value of vaccination strategies. METHODS We developed models of Honduras, Brazil, and Puerto Rico, simulated targeting different populations for Zika vaccination (women of childbearing age, school-aged children, young adults, and everyone) and then introduced various Zika outbreaks. Sensitivity analyses varied vaccine characteristics. RESULTS With a 2% attack rate ($5 vaccination), compared to no vaccination, vaccinating women of childbearing age cost $314-$1664 per case averted ($790-$4221/disability-adjusted life-year [DALY] averted) in Honduras, and saved $847-$1644/case averted in Brazil, and $3648-$4177/case averted in Puerto Rico, varying with vaccination coverage and efficacy (societal perspective). Vaccinating school-aged children cost $718-$1849/case averted (≤$5002/DALY averted) in Honduras, saved $819-$1609/case averted in Brazil, and saved $3823-$4360/case averted in Puerto Rico. Vaccinating young adults cost $310-$1666/case averted ($731-$4017/DALY averted) in Honduras, saved $953-$1703/case averted in Brazil, and saved $3857-$4372/case averted in Puerto Rico. Vaccinating everyone averted more cases but cost more, decreasing cost savings per case averted. Vaccination resulted in more cost savings and better outcomes at higher attack rates. CONCLUSIONS When considering transmission, while vaccinating everyone naturally averted the most cases, specifically targeting women of childbearing age or young adults was the most cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bartsch
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) and Public Health Professional and Operations Research (PHICOR), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lindsey Asti
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) and Public Health Professional and Operations Research (PHICOR), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah N Cox
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) and Public Health Professional and Operations Research (PHICOR), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David P Durham
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Samuel Randall
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) and Public Health Professional and Operations Research (PHICOR), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter J Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alison P Galvani
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bruce Y Lee
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) and Public Health Professional and Operations Research (PHICOR), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Husnina Z, Clements ACA, Wangdi K. Forest cover and climate as potential drivers for dengue fever in Sumatra and Kalimantan 2006-2016: a spatiotemporal analysis. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 24:888-898. [PMID: 31081162 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe and quantify spatiotemporal trends of dengue fever at district level in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia in relation to forest cover and climatic factors. METHODS A spatial ecological study design was used to analyse monthly surveillance data of notified dengue fever cases from January 2006 to December 2016 in the 154 districts of Sumatra and 56 districts of Kalimantan. A multivariate, zero-inflated Poisson regression model was developed with a conditional autoregressive prior structure with posterior parameters estimated using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with Gibbs sampling. RESULTS There were 230 745 cases in Sumatra and 132 186 cases in Kalimantan during the study period. In Sumatra, the risk of dengue fever decreased by 9% (95% credible interval [CrI] 8.5-9.5%) for a 1% increase in forest cover and by 12.2% (95% CrI 11.9-12.6%) for a 1% increase in relative humidity. In Kalimantan, dengue fever risk fell by 17.6% (95% CrI 17.1-18.1%) for a 1% increase in relative humidity and rose by 7.6% (95% CrI 6.9-8.4%) for a 1 °C increase in minimum temperature. There was no significant residual spatial clustering in Sumatra after accounting for climate and demographic variables. In Kalimantan, high residual risk areas were primarily centred in North and East of the island. CONCLUSIONS Dengue fever in Sumatra and Kalimantan was highly seasonal and associated with climate factors and deforestation. Incorporation of climate indicators into risk-based surveillance might be warranted for dengue fever in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zida Husnina
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Neighborhood Violence Impacts Disease Control and Surveillance: Case Study of Cali, Colombia from 2014 to 2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102144. [PMID: 30274270 PMCID: PMC6211120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are responsible for a large burden of disease globally and are thus subject to intense epidemiological scrutiny. However, a variable notably absent from most epidemiological analyses has been the impact of violence on arboviral transmission and surveillance. Violence impedes surveillance and delivery of health and preventative services and affects an individual’s health-related behaviors when survival takes priority. Moreover, low and middle-income countries bear a disproportionately high burden of violence and related health outcomes, including vector borne diseases. To better understand the epidemiology of arboviral outbreaks in Cali, Colombia, we georeferenced chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) viral cases from The National System of Surveillance in Public Health between October 2014 and April 2016. We extracted homicide data from the municipal monthly reports and kernel density of homicide distribution from IdeasPaz. Crucially, an overall higher risk of homicide is associated with increased risk of reported DENV, lower rates of acute testing, and higher rates of lab versus clinical discordance. In the context of high violence as a potential barrier to access to preventive health services, a community approach to improve health and peace should be considered.
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Wilke ABB, Vasquez C, Mauriello PJ, Beier JC. Ornamental bromeliads of Miami-Dade County, Florida are important breeding sites for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:283. [PMID: 29769105 PMCID: PMC5956556 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major public health concern is the emergence and geographical spread of vector-borne diseases such as Zika and yellow fever. Ornamental bromeliads retaining water in their leaf axils represent potential breeding sites for mosquitoes. As the role of ornamental bromeliads in breeding Aedes aegypti in Miami-Dade County, Florida is unknown, we hypothesize that ornamental bromeliads are important breeding sites for Ae. aegypti. Our objective was to survey bromeliads in areas with high densities of adult Ae. aegypti, including those with 2016 local transmission of Zika virus. METHODS Ornamental bromeliads were surveyed for the presence of immature mosquitoes at 51 locations of Miami-Dade County, Florida. Bromeliads were sampled for the presence of immature stages of mosquitoes, their reservoirs were drained and screened for the presence of immature mosquitoes. Immature mosquitoes were stored in plastic containers and preserved in 70% ethanol until morphological identification. Biodiversity of species assemblages was assessed by Shannon's and Simpson's indices, and individual rarefaction curves and plots of cumulative abundance, Shannon's index and evenness profiles. RESULTS Ornamental bromeliads were present in all surveyed areas, yielding a total of 765 immature mosquitoes, comprising five taxonomic units: Ae. aegypti, Wyeomyia mitchellii, Wyeomyia vanduzeei, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex biscaynensis. The biodiversity indices point to a low diversity scenario with a highly dominant species, Ae. aegypti. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that ornamental bromeliads are contributing for the proliferation of Ae. aegypti in the County of Miami-Dade, which may indicate a shift in the paradigm of usage of bromeliads as breeding sites, highlighting that ornamental phytotelmata bromeliads are to be considered in future vector-control strategies to control Zika and other arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B. B. Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | | | - Paul J. Mauriello
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL USA
- Miami-Dade County Department of Solid Waste Management, Miami, FL USA
| | - John C. Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
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Stewart-Ibarra AM, Ryan SJ, Kenneson A, King CA, Abbott M, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Beltrán-Ayala E, Borbor-Cordova MJ, Cárdenas WB, Cueva C, Finkelstein JL, Lupone CD, Jarman RG, Maljkovic Berry I, Mehta S, Polhemus M, Silva M, Endy TP. The Burden of Dengue Fever and Chikungunya in Southern Coastal Ecuador: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Phylogenetics from the First Two Years of a Prospective Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1444-1459. [PMID: 29512482 PMCID: PMC5953373 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the findings from the first 2 years (2014-2015) of an arbovirus surveillance study conducted in Machala, Ecuador, a dengue-endemic region. Patients with suspected dengue virus (DENV) infections (index cases, N = 324) were referred from five Ministry of Health clinical sites. A subset of DENV-positive index cases (N = 44) were selected, and individuals from the index household and four neighboring homes within 200 m were recruited (N = 400). Individuals who entered the study, other than the index cases, are referred to as associates. In 2014, 70.9% of index cases and 35.6% of associates had acute or recent DENV infections. In 2015, 28.3% of index cases and 12.8% of associates had acute or recent DENV infections. For every DENV infection captured by passive surveillance, we detected an additional three acute or recent DENV infections in associates. Of associates with acute DENV infections, 68% reported dengue-like symptoms, with the highest prevalence of symptomatic acute infections in children aged less than 10 years. The first chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections were detected on epidemiological week 12 in 2015; 43.1% of index cases and 3.5% of associates had acute CHIKV infections. No Zika virus infections were detected. Phylogenetic analyses of isolates of DENV from 2014 revealed genetic relatedness and shared ancestry of DENV1, DENV2, and DENV4 genomes from Ecuador with those from Venezuela and Colombia, indicating the presence of viral flow between Ecuador and surrounding countries. Enhanced surveillance studies, such as this, provide high-resolution data on symptomatic and inapparent infections across the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- College of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aileen Kenneson
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Christine A. King
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mark Abbott
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Arturo Barbachano-Guerrero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Efraín Beltrán-Ayala
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Mercy J. Borbor-Cordova
- Laboratorio para Investigaciónes Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Guayas Province, Ecuador
| | - Washington B. Cárdenas
- Laboratorio para Investigaciónes Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Guayas Province, Ecuador
| | - Cinthya Cueva
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | - Christina D. Lupone
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Richard G. Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Irina Maljkovic Berry
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Mark Polhemus
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Mercy Silva
- Ministry of Health, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Timothy P. Endy
- Center for Global Health and Translational Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Che-Mendoza A, Medina-Barreiro A, Koyoc-Cardeña E, Uc-Puc V, Contreras-Perera Y, Herrera-Bojórquez J, Dzul-Manzanilla F, Correa-Morales F, Ranson H, Lenhart A, McCall PJ, Kroeger A, Vazquez-Prokopec G, Manrique-Saide P. House screening with insecticide-treated netting provides sustained reductions in domestic populations of Aedes aegypti in Merida, Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006283. [PMID: 29543805 PMCID: PMC5870999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for effective methods to control Aedes aegypti and prevent the transmission of dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Insecticide treated screening (ITS) is a promising approach, particularly as it targets adult mosquitoes to reduce human-mosquito contact. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A cluster-randomised controlled trial evaluated the entomological efficacy of ITS based intervention, which consisted of the installation of pyrethroid-impregnated long-lasting insecticide-treated netting material fixed as framed screens on external doors and windows. A total of 10 treatment and 10 control clusters (100 houses/cluster) were distributed throughout the city of Merida, Mexico. Cross-sectional entomological surveys quantified indoor adult mosquito infestation at baseline (pre-intervention) and throughout four post-intervention (PI) surveys spaced at 6-month intervals corresponding to dry/rainy seasons over two years (2012-2014). A total of 844 households from intervention clusters (86% coverage) were protected with ITS at the start of the trial. Significant reductions in the indoor presence and abundance of Ae. aegypti adults (OR = 0.48 and IRR = 0.45, P<0.05 respectively) and the indoor presence and abundance of Ae. aegypti female mosquitoes (OR = 0.47 and IRR = 0.44, P<0.05 respectively) were detected in intervention clusters compared to controls. This high level of protective effect was sustained for up to 24 months PI. Insecticidal activity of the ITS material declined with time, with ~70% mortality being demonstrated in susceptible mosquito cohorts up to 24 months after installation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The strong and sustained entomological impact observed in this study demonstrates the potential of house screening as a feasible, alternative approach to a sustained long-term impact on household infestations of Ae. aegypti. Larger trials quantifying the effectiveness of ITS on epidemiological endpoints are warranted and therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azael Che-Mendoza
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Anuar Medina-Barreiro
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Edgar Koyoc-Cardeña
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Valentín Uc-Puc
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Yamili Contreras-Perera
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Josué Herrera-Bojórquez
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fabian Correa-Morales
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entomology Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Philip J. McCall
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Kroeger
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo Vazquez-Prokopec
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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Olliaro P, Fouque F, Kroeger A, Bowman L, Velayudhan R, Santelli AC, Garcia D, Skewes Ramm R, Sulaiman LH, Tejeda GS, Morales FC, Gozzer E, Garrido CB, Quang LC, Gutierrez G, Yadon ZE, Runge-Ranzinger S. Improved tools and strategies for the prevention and control of arboviral diseases: A research-to-policy forum. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0005967. [PMID: 29389959 PMCID: PMC5794069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has been conducted on interventions to control dengue transmission and respond to outbreaks. A summary of the available evidence will help inform disease control policy decisions and research directions, both for dengue and, more broadly, for all Aedes-borne arboviral diseases. METHOD A research-to-policy forum was convened by TDR, the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, with researchers and representatives from ministries of health, in order to review research findings and discuss their implications for policy and research. RESULTS The participants reviewed findings of research supported by TDR and others. Surveillance and early outbreak warning. Systematic reviews and country studies identify the critical characteristics that an alert system should have to document trends reliably and trigger timely responses (i.e., early enough to prevent the epidemic spread of the virus) to dengue outbreaks. A range of variables that, according to the literature, either indicate risk of forthcoming dengue transmission or predict dengue outbreaks were tested and some of them could be successfully applied in an Early Warning and Response System (EWARS). Entomological surveillance and vector management. A summary of the published literature shows that controlling Aedes vectors requires complex interventions and points to the need for more rigorous, standardised study designs, with disease reduction as the primary outcome to be measured. House screening and targeted vector interventions are promising vector management approaches. Sampling vector populations, both for surveillance purposes and evaluation of control activities, is usually conducted in an unsystematic way, limiting the potentials of entomological surveillance for outbreak prediction. Combining outbreak alert and improved approaches of vector management will help to overcome the present uncertainties about major risk groups or areas where outbreak response should be initiated and where resources for vector management should be allocated during the interepidemic period. CONCLUSIONS The Forum concluded that the evidence collected can inform policy decisions, but also that important research gaps have yet to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Olliaro
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Fouque
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Kroeger
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Global Health Department, Centre for Medicine and Society/Anthropology, Freiburg University, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Leigh Bowman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Raman Velayudhan
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (WHO/NTD), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Diego Garcia
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ronald Skewes Ramm
- Program for the Prevention and Control of Dengue, Ministry of Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Gustavo Sanchez Tejeda
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE), Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabiàn Correa Morales
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE), Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luong Chan Quang
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gamaliel Gutierrez
- PAHO/AMRO, World Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Zaida E. Yadon
- PAHO/AMRO, World Health Organization, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wangdi K, Clements ACA, Du T, Nery SV. Spatial and temporal patterns of dengue infections in Timor-Leste, 2005-2013. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:9. [PMID: 29301546 PMCID: PMC5755460 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue remains an important public health problem in Timor-Leste, with several major epidemics occurring over the last 10 years. The aim of this study was to identify dengue clusters at high geographical resolution and to determine the association between local environmental characteristics and the distribution and transmission of the disease. Methods Notifications of dengue cases that occurred from January 2005 to December 2013 were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Timor-Leste. The population of each suco (the third-level administrative subdivision) was obtained from the Population and Housing Census 2010. Spatial autocorrelation in dengue incidence was explored using Moran’s I statistic, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and the Getis-Ord statistics. A multivariate, Zero-Inflated, Poisson (ZIP) regression model was developed with a conditional autoregressive (CAR) prior structure, and with posterior parameters estimated using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation with Gibbs sampling. Results The analysis used data from 3206 cases. Dengue incidence was highly seasonal with a large peak in January. Patients ≥ 14 years were found to be 74% [95% credible interval (CrI): 72–76%] less likely to be infected than those < 14 years, and females were 12% (95% CrI: 4–21%) more likely to suffer from dengue as compared to males. Dengue incidence increased by 0.7% (95% CrI: 0.6–0.8%) for a 1 °C increase in mean temperature; and 47% (95% CrI: 29–59%) for a 1 mm increase in precipitation. There was no significant residual spatial clustering after accounting for climate and demographic variables. Conclusions Dengue incidence was highly seasonal and spatially clustered, with positive associations with temperature, precipitation and demographic factors. These factors explained the observed spatial heterogeneity of infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2588-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinley Wangdi
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Tai Du
- ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Susana Vaz Nery
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Fuentes Molina N, Rodriguez Barrios J, Isenia Leon S. Caída y descomposición de hojarasca en los bosques ribereños del manantial de Cañaverales, Guajira, Colombia. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v23n1.62342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Se midieron los flujos de materia orgánica aportados por la hojarasca al manantial de Cañaverales (La Guajira, Colombia), durante un período de seis meses (seco y lluvioso). La caída mensual fue de 0,17 t·ha-1·mes-1, que extrapolada a un año representó 2,08 t·ha-1·año-1, valor intermedio a los registrados en otros bosques secos tropicales. Se evidenció una correlación significativa entre la caída de hojarasca y la precipitación. Los aportes orgánicos fueron dominados por la fracción foliar (66,61 %), seguidos del material reproductivo (15,92 %), el material leñoso (11,12 %) y misceláneo (6,36 %). La mayor caída de hojarasca foliar se registró para Prosopis juliflora (1,31 t·ha-1·año-1) y la menor caída la presentó Brosimum alicastrum (0,46 t·ha-1·año-1). Las especies P. juliflora y Anacardium excelsum presentaron los mayores aportes de hojarasca foliar, lo que sugiere que podrían ser especies potenciales para su inclusión en actividades de restauración de zonas con corrientes de agua. P. juliflora fue la especie que presentó mayores tasas de descomposición de hojarasca (0,242 año-1), mientras que la Sterculia apetala fue la más persistente (0,079 año-1). Los resultados indican que la caída de hojarasca está condicionada por la composición del bosque y las variaciones climáticas.
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Garcia-Sánchez DC, Pinilla GA, Quintero J. Ecological characterization of Aedes aegypti larval habitats (Diptera: Culicidae) in artificial water containers in Girardot, Colombia. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2017; 42:289-297. [PMID: 29125250 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of habitats for immature Ae. aegypti is regulated by biotic and abiotic factors and interactions between these factors. This study aimed to determine the effects of physico-chemical variables and planktonic algae on immature Ae. aegypti habitats in 101 water tanks (50 of them containing Ae. aegypti pupae and/or larvae) in Girardot, Colombia. Physical data were collected from the water tanks (volume, capacity, material, detritus, and location), along with the physico-chemical variables (temperature, pH, conductivity, redox potential, dissolved oxygen, percentage of oxygen saturation, nitrates, nitrites, and orthophosphates). The richness and abundance of the planktonic organisms were also measured. A chi-square test showed that the occurrence of detritus was greater and the container volume was smaller in the tanks that were positive for larvae. Only Cyanobacteria had a positive correlation with the abundance of immature-stage Ae. aegypti. The results could be important for understanding the vector ecology and envisaging its probable control in the domestic water tanks of Girardot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Garcia-Sánchez
- Eje de Salud Pública, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriel A Pinilla
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana Quintero
- Eje de Salud Pública, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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Post-earthquake Zika virus surge: Disaster and public health threat amid climatic conduciveness. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15408. [PMID: 29133932 PMCID: PMC5684400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent major earthquake (M7.8), coupled with appropriate climatic conditions, led to significant destruction in Ecuador. Temperature variations, which may be induced by anthropogenic climate change, are often associated with changes in rainfall, humidity and pressure. Temperature and humidity are associated with ecological modifications that may favour mosquito breeding. We hypothesized that the disruptive ecological changes triggered by the earthquake, in the context of appropriate climatic conditions, led to an upsurge in Zika virus (ZIKV) infections. Here we show that, after controlling for climatic and socioeconomic conditions, earthquake severity was associated with incident ZIKV cases. Pre-earthquake mean maximum monthly temperature and post-earthquake mean monthly pressure were negatively associated with ZIKV incidence rates. These results demonstrate the dynamics of post-disaster vector-borne disease transmission, in the context of conducive/favourable climatic conditions, which are relevant in a climate change-affected world where disasters may occur in largely populated areas.
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de Carvalho GC, Vendrami DP, Marrelli MT, Wilke ABB. Wing variation in Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) in urban parks. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:423. [PMID: 28923116 PMCID: PMC5604421 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culex nigripalpus has a wide geographical distribution and is found in North and South America. Females are considered primary vectors for several arboviruses, including Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and Eastern equine encephalitis virus, as well as a potential vector of West Nile virus. In view of the epidemiological importance of this mosquito and its high abundance, this study sought to investigate wing variation in Cx. nigripalpus populations from urban parks in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS Female mosquitoes were collected in seven urban parks in the city of São Paulo between 2011 and 2013. Eighteen landmark coordinates from the right wing of each female mosquito were digitized, and the dissimilarities between populations were assessed by canonical variate analysis and cross-validated reclassification and by constructing a Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree based on Mahalanobis distances. The centroid size was calculated to determine mean wing size in each population. RESULTS Canonical variate analysis based on fixed landmarks of the wing revealed a pattern of segregation between urban and sylvatic Cx. nigripalpus, a similar result to that revealed by the NJ tree topology, in which the population from Shangrilá Park segregated into a distinct branch separate from the other more urban populations. CONCLUSION Environmental heterogeneity may be affecting the wing shape variation of Cx. nigripalpus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Krystosik AR, Curtis A, Buritica P, Ajayakumar J, Squires R, Dávalos D, Pacheco R, Bhatta MP, James MA. Community context and sub-neighborhood scale detail to explain dengue, chikungunya and Zika patterns in Cali, Colombia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181208. [PMID: 28767730 PMCID: PMC5540594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cali, Colombia has experienced chikungunya and Zika outbreaks and hypoendemic dengue. Studies have explained Cali’s dengue patterns but lack the sub-neighborhood-scale detail investigated here. Methods Spatial-video geonarratives (SVG) with Ministry of Health officials and Community Health Workers were collected in hotspots, providing perspective on perceptions of why dengue, chikungunya and Zika hotspots exist, impediments to control, and social outcomes. Using spatial video and Google Street View, sub-neighborhood features possibly contributing to incidence were mapped to create risk surfaces, later compared with dengue, chikungunya and Zika case data. Results SVG captured insights in 24 neighborhoods. Trash and water risks in Calipso were mapped using SVG results. Perceived risk factors included proximity to standing water, canals, poverty, invasions, localized violence and military migration. These risks overlapped case density maps and identified areas that are suitable for transmission but are possibly underreporting to the surveillance system. Conclusion Resulting risk maps with local context could be leveraged to increase vector-control efficiency- targeting key areas of environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Krystosik
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew Curtis
- Health & Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Paola Buritica
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Servicios (GRIEPIS), Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jayakrishnan Ajayakumar
- Health & Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Robert Squires
- Health & Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Diana Dávalos
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Center for Clinical Research, Fundación Valle del Lili (FVL), Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Robinson Pacheco
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Servicios (GRIEPIS), Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Center for Clinical Research, Fundación Valle del Lili (FVL), Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Madhav P. Bhatta
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark A. James
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States of America
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Overgaard HJ, Olano VA, Jaramillo JF, Matiz MI, Sarmiento D, Stenström TA, Alexander N. A cross-sectional survey of Aedes aegypti immature abundance in urban and rural household containers in central Colombia. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:356. [PMID: 28750651 PMCID: PMC5530958 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue, breeds in domestic water containers. The development of immature mosquitoes in such containers is influenced by various environmental, ecological and socioeconomic factors. Urban and rural disparities in water storage practices and water source supply may affect mosquito immature abundance and, potentially, dengue risk. We evaluated the effect of water and container characteristics on A. aegypti immature abundance in urban and rural areas. Data were collected in the wet season of 2011 in central Colombia from 36 urban and 35 rural containers, which were either mosquito-positive or negative. Immature mosquitoes were identified to species. Data on water and container characteristics were collected from all containers. RESULTS A total of 1452 Aedes pupae and larvae were collected of which 81% were A. aegypti and 19% A. fluviatilis. Aedes aegypti immatures were found in both urban and rural sites. However, the mean number of A. aegypti pupae was five times higher in containers in the urban sites compared to those in the rural sites. One of the important factors associated with A. aegypti infestation was frequency of container washing. Monthly-washed or never-washed containers were both about four times more likely to be infested than those washed every week. There were no significant differences between urban and rural sites in frequency of washing containers. Aedes aegypti immature infestation was positively associated with total dissolved solids, but negatively associated with dissolved oxygen. Water temperature, total dissolved solids, ammonia, nitrate, and organic matter were significantly higher in urban than in rural containers, which might explain urban-rural differences in breeding of A. aegypti. However, many of these factors vary substantially between studies and in their degree of association with vector breeding, therefore they may not be reliable indices for vector control interventions. CONCLUSIONS Although containers in urban areas were more likely to be infested with A. aegypti, rural containers still provide suitable habitats for A. aegypti. Containers that are washed more frequent are less likely to produce A. aegypti. These results highlight the importance of container washing as an effective vector control tool in both urban and rural areas. In addition, alternative designs of the highly productive washbasins should continue to be explored. To control diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya, effective vector breeding site control must be implemented in addition to other interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Overgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - María Inés Matiz
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Sarmiento
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- SARChI, Institute for Water and Waste Water Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Neal Alexander
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Lowe R, Stewart-Ibarra AM, Petrova D, García-Díez M, Borbor-Cordova MJ, Mejía R, Regato M, Rodó X. Climate services for health: predicting the evolution of the 2016 dengue season in Machala, Ecuador. Lancet Planet Health 2017; 1:e142-e151. [PMID: 29851600 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(17)30064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND El Niño and its effect on local meteorological conditions potentially influences interannual variability in dengue transmission in southern coastal Ecuador. El Oro province is a key dengue surveillance site, due to the high burden of dengue, seasonal transmission, co-circulation of all four dengue serotypes, and the recent introduction of chikungunya and Zika. In this study, we used climate forecasts to predict the evolution of the 2016 dengue season in the city of Machala, following one of the strongest El Niño events on record. METHODS We incorporated precipitation, minimum temperature, and Niño3·4 index forecasts in a Bayesian hierarchical mixed model to predict dengue incidence. The model was initiated on Jan 1, 2016, producing monthly dengue forecasts until November, 2016. We accounted for misreporting of dengue due to the introduction of chikungunya in 2015, by using active surveillance data to correct reported dengue case data from passive surveillance records. We then evaluated the forecast retrospectively with available epidemiological information. FINDINGS The predictions correctly forecast an early peak in dengue incidence in March, 2016, with a 90% chance of exceeding the mean dengue incidence for the previous 5 years. Accounting for the proportion of chikungunya cases that had been incorrectly recorded as dengue in 2015 improved the prediction of the magnitude of dengue incidence in 2016. INTERPRETATION This dengue prediction framework, which uses seasonal climate and El Niño forecasts, allows a prediction to be made at the start of the year for the entire dengue season. Combining active surveillance data with routine dengue reports improved not only model fit and performance, but also the accuracy of benchmark estimates based on historical seasonal averages. This study advances the state-of-the-art of climate services for the health sector, by showing the potential value of incorporating climate information in the public health decision-making process in Ecuador. FUNDING European Union FP7, Royal Society, and National Science Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lowe
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; CLIMA-Climate and Health Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGLOBAL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna M Stewart-Ibarra
- Center for Global Health and Translational Science and Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Desislava Petrova
- CLIMA-Climate and Health Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGLOBAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mercy J Borbor-Cordova
- School of Maritime Engineering, Biological Sciences, Oceanic and Natural Resources, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Raúl Mejía
- National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (INAMHI), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Mary Regato
- National Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI) of the Ministry of Health, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Rodó
- CLIMA-Climate and Health Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGLOBAL), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Rosero-garcÍa D, Bickersmith SA, Suaza-Vasco JD, Porter C, Correa MM, Conn JE, Uribe-Soto S. Molecular operational taxonomic units of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in high Andean mountain ecosystems of Antioquia, Colombia. Zootaxa 2017; 4277:369-385. [PMID: 30308638 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4277.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Accurate taxonomic identification of highland mosquito species may be complicated because of the lack of comprehensive regional morphological keys and taxonomic specialists, particularly for mosquitoes of medical or ecological importance. We applied a multi-locus approach to explore the diversity of genera/species collected, to define the Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) and to perform phylogenetic clustering. Twenty MOTUs and three single sequences were revealed from 78 concatenated cox1 + ITS2 sequences, and the species name was allocated for five of these. This study provides molecular taxonomic information of culicid fauna present in high Andean mountain ecosystems in Antioquia, Colombia. However, future morphological and integrative taxonomic studies should be conducted to achieve the specific identity of all detected MOTUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Rosero-garcÍa
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Calle 59A 63-20. Bloque 16, Laboratorio 102. Medellin, Colombia.
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Vannavong N, Seidu R, Stenström TA, Dada N, Overgaard HJ. Effects of socio-demographic characteristics and household water management on Aedes aegypti production in suburban and rural villages in Laos and Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:170. [PMID: 28376893 PMCID: PMC5381031 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease accounting for 50-100 million annual cases globally. Laos and Thailand are countries in south-east Asia where the disease is endemic in both urban and rural areas. Household water storage containers, which are favourable breeding sites for dengue mosquitoes, are common in these areas, due to intermittent or limited access to water supply. This study assessed the effect of household water management and socio-demographic risk factors on Aedes aegypti infestation of water storage containers. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 239 households in Laos (124 suburban and 115 rural), and 248 households in Thailand (127 suburban and 121 rural) was conducted. Entomological surveys alongside semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted to obtain information on Ae. aegypti infestation, socio-demographic factors and water management. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to assess risk factors associated with Ae. aegypti pupal infestation. RESULTS Household water management rather than socio-demographic factors were more likely to be associated with the infestation of water containers with Ae. aegypti pupae. Factors that was significantly associated with Ae. aegypti infestation were tanks, less frequent cleaning of containers, containers without lids, and containers located outdoors or in toilets/bathrooms. CONCLUSIONS Associations between Ae. aegypti pupae infestation, household water management, and socio-demographic factors were found, with risk factors for Ae. aegypti infestation being specific to each study setting. Most of the containers did not have lids, larvicides, such as temephos was seldom used, and containers were not cleaned regularly; factors are facilitating dengue vector proliferation. It is recommended that, in Lao villages, health messages should promote proper use and maintenance of tightly fitted lids, and temephos in tanks, which were the most infested containers. Recommendations for Thailand are that small water containers should be cleaned weekly. Furthermore, in addition to health messages on dengue control provided to communities, attention should be paid to larval control for indoor containers in rural villages. Temephos or other immature control measures such as the use of pyriproxyfen, antilarval bacteria, or larvivorous fish should be used where temephos resistance is prevalent. Dengue control is not possible without additional adult mosquito control and community participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthasane Vannavong
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway. .,Champasak Provincial Health Office, Pakse, Lao People's Democratic Republic.
| | - Razak Seidu
- Water and Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Marine Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Thor-Axel Stenström
- SARChl Chair, Institute for Water and Waste Water Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nsa Dada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Hans J Overgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (IRD 224-CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2), Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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Kajeguka DC, Desrochers RE, Mwangi R, Mgabo MR, Alifrangis M, Kavishe RA, Mosha FW, Kulkarni MA. Knowledge and practice regarding dengue and chikungunya: a cross-sectional study among Healthcare workers and community in Northern Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22:583-593. [PMID: 28294472 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate knowledge and prevention practices regarding dengue and chikungunya amongst community members, as well as knowledge, treatment and diagnostic practices among healthcare workers. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 125 community members and 125 healthcare workers from 13 health facilities in six villages in the Hai district of Tanzania. A knowledge score was generated based on participant responses to a structured questionnaire, with a score of 40 or higher (of 80 and 50 total scores for community members and healthcare workers, respectively) indicating good knowledge. We conducted qualitative survey (n = 40) to further assess knowledge and practice regarding dengue and chikungunya fever. RESULTS 15.2% (n = 19) of community members had good knowledge regarding dengue, whereas 53.6%, (n = 67) of healthcare workers did. 20.3% (n = 16) of participants from lowland areas and 6.5% (n = 3) from highland areas had good knowledge of dengue (χ2 = 4.25, P = 0.03). Only 2.4% (n = 3) of all participants had a good knowledge score for chikungunya. In the qualitative study, community members expressed uncertainty about dengue and chikungunya. Some healthcare workers thought that they were new diseases. CONCLUSION There is insufficient knowledge regarding dengue and chikungunya fever among community members and healthcare workers. Health promotion activities on these diseases based on Ecological Health Mode components to increase knowledge and improve preventive practices should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora C Kajeguka
- Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Rose Mwangi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Maseke R Mgabo
- Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Michael Alifrangis
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reginald A Kavishe
- Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Franklin W Mosha
- Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Manisha A Kulkarni
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zellweger RM, Cano J, Mangeas M, Taglioni F, Mercier A, Despinoy M, Menkès CE, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Nikolay B, Teurlai M. Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of dengue transmission in an urban setting: An ecological study in Nouméa, New Caledonia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005471. [PMID: 28369149 PMCID: PMC5395238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne virus that causes extensive morbidity and economic loss in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Often present in cities, dengue virus is rapidly spreading due to urbanization, climate change and increased human movements. Dengue cases are often heterogeneously distributed throughout cities, suggesting that small-scale determinants influence dengue urban transmission. A better understanding of these determinants is crucial to efficiently target prevention measures such as vector control and education. The aim of this study was to determine which socioeconomic and environmental determinants were associated with dengue incidence in an urban setting in the Pacific. Methodology An ecological study was performed using data summarized by neighborhood (i.e. the neighborhood is the unit of analysis) from two dengue epidemics (2008–2009 and 2012–2013) in the city of Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia. Spatial patterns and hotspots of dengue transmission were assessed using global and local Moran’s I statistics. Multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to investigate the association between dengue incidence and various socioeconomic and environmental factors throughout the city. Principal findings The 2008–2009 epidemic was spatially structured, with clusters of high and low incidence neighborhoods. In 2012–2013, dengue incidence rates were more homogeneous throughout the city. In all models tested, higher dengue incidence rates were consistently associated with lower socioeconomic status (higher unemployment, lower revenue or higher percentage of population born in the Pacific, which are interrelated). A higher percentage of apartments was associated with lower dengue incidence rates during both epidemics in all models but one. A link between vegetation coverage and dengue incidence rates was also detected, but the link varied depending on the model used. Conclusions This study demonstrates a robust spatial association between dengue incidence rates and socioeconomic status across the different neighborhoods of the city of Nouméa. Our findings provide useful information to guide policy and help target dengue prevention efforts where they are needed most. Dengue virus is rapidly spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, possibly aided by environmental change, urbanization and/or increase in human mobility. Already present in 120 countries, dengue virus causes extensive disease burden and generates large economic costs. As dengue is mosquito-borne, its transmission pattern is strongly influenced by climate. However, dengue cases are not always distributed evenly throughout cities, where climate can be assumed to be homogenous. This suggests that other factors which are heterogeneously distributed in cities could play a role in dengue transmission, such as socioeconomic status and environmental factors (both natural and built). Identifying those factors is crucial to develop and target dengue prevention interventions, such as mosquito control and education. Our study uses dengue incidence statistics from two large epidemics in Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia, to investigate which socioeconomic or environmental factors correlate with dengue incidence in an urban setting. Dengue incidence was consistently higher in neighborhoods where socioeconomic status was lower (i.e. lower revenue or higher unemployment) and often higher where the proportion of single-family houses in all buildings was higher. Our data suggest that, if resources are limited, prevention measures should be targeted in priority towards neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël M. Zellweger
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Expertise and Research Unit, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge Cano
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan Mangeas
- IRD, UMR ESPACE-DEV (UR/UA/UG/UM/IRD), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - François Taglioni
- University of Reunion Island, UMR Prodig/OIES (Cregur), Reunion Island, France
| | - Alizé Mercier
- IRD, UMR ESPACE-DEV (UR/UA/UG/UM/IRD), Nouméa, New Caledonia
- CIRAD/INRA, UMR Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes (CMAEE), Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Despinoy
- IRD, UMR ESPACE-DEV (UR/UA/UG/UM/IRD), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Christophe E. Menkès
- IRD / Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Université Paris 06) / CNRS / MNHN, LOCEAN – UMR 7159, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Dengue and Arboviruses Expertise and Research Unit, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Birgit Nikolay
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA3012, Paris, France
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Magali Teurlai
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Expertise and Research Unit, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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García D, Alcalá L, Quintero J, Cortés S, Brochero H, Carrasquilla G. Effect of the type and number of washes in the efficacy of long lasting insecticidal nets for Aedes aegypti control in Girardot, Colombia. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2017; 37:180-186. [PMID: 29161489 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i0.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of long lasting insecticidal materials has shown promising results in the control of Aedes aegypti. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets (PermaNet®) for Aedes aegypti control after three washing treatments in the city of Girardot, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard bioassays were conducted with the nets following the World Health Organization protocols using wild A. aegypti after three washing treatments: (1) Detergent powder, (2) detergent powder and bleach, and (3) bar soap, until completing 20 washes. RESULTS The type and number of wash treatments had a significant effect on net efficacy. Greater effects in the insecticide bioavailability were seen for the bar soap treatment. After six washes, mortality decreased by 50% (25/50), vs 66% (33/50) for the detergent powder and 84% (42/50) for the detergent powder and bleach treatments. Regarding the number of washes, the bar soap treatment reduced the efficacy to 68% after only three washes. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (PermaNet 2.0) for A. aegypti control varied in relation to the treatment and number of washes. The bar soap treatment resulted in the greatest reduction of mortality. Further studies on insecticidal reductions are needed under local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana García
- Eje de Salud Pública, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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Heydari N, Larsen DA, Neira M, Beltrán Ayala E, Fernandez P, Adrian J, Rochford R, Stewart-Ibarra AM. Household Dengue Prevention Interventions, Expenditures, and Barriers to Aedes aegypti Control in Machala, Ecuador. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E196. [PMID: 28212349 PMCID: PMC5334750 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito is an efficient vector for the transmission of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses, causing major epidemics and a significant social and economic burden throughout the tropics and subtropics. The primary means of preventing these diseases is household-level mosquito control. However, relatively little is known about the economic burden of Ae. aegypti control in resource-limited communities. We surveyed residents from 40 households in a high-risk community at the urban periphery in the city of Machala, Ecuador, on dengue perceptions, vector control interventions, household expenditures, and factors influencing purchasing decisions. The results of this study show that households spend a monthly median of US$2.00, or 1.90% (range: 0.00%, 9.21%) of their family income on Ae. aegypti control interventions. Households reported employing, on average, five different mosquito control and dengue prevention interventions, including aerosols, liquid sprays, repellents, mosquito coils, and unimpregnated bed nets. We found that effectiveness and cost were the most important factors that influence people's decisions to purchase a mosquito control product. Our findings will inform the development and deployment of new Ae. aegypti control interventions by the public health and private sectors, and add to prior studies that have focused on the economic burden of dengue-like illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Heydari
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Center for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - David A Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Marco Neira
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito 170170, Ecuador.
| | | | - Prissila Fernandez
- Center for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Jefferson Adrian
- Center for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Anna M Stewart-Ibarra
- Center for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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Alfonso-Sierra E, Basso C, Beltrán-Ayala E, Mitchell-Foster K, Quintero J, Cortés S, Manrique-Saide P, Guillermo-May G, Caprara A, de Lima EC, Kroeger A. Innovative dengue vector control interventions in Latin America: what do they cost? Pathog Glob Health 2017; 110:14-24. [PMID: 26924235 PMCID: PMC4870030 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2016.1142057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Five studies were conducted in Fortaleza (Brazil), Girardot (Colombia), Machala (Ecuador), Acapulco (Mexico), and Salto (Uruguay) to assess dengue vector control interventions tailored to the context. The studies involved the community explicitly in the implementation, and focused on the most productive breeding places for Aedes aegypti. This article reports the cost analysis of these interventions. Methods We conducted the costing from the perspective of the vector control program. We collected data on quantities and unit costs of the resources used to deliver the interventions. Comparable information was requested for the routine activities. Cost items were classified, analyzed descriptively, and aggregated to calculate total costs, costs per house reached, and incremental costs. Results Cost per house of the interventions were $18.89 (Fortaleza), $21.86 (Girardot), $30.61 (Machala), $39.47 (Acapulco), and $6.98 (Salto). Intervention components that focused mainly on changes to the established vector control programs seem affordable; cost savings were identified in Salto (−21%) and the clean patio component in Machala (−12%). An incremental cost of 10% was estimated in Fortaleza. On the other hand, there were also completely new components that would require sizeable financial efforts (installing insecticide-treated nets in Girardot and Acapulco costs $16.97 and $24.96 per house, respectively). Conclusions The interventions are promising, seem affordable and may improve the cost profile of the established vector control programs. The costs of the new components could be considerable, and should be assessed in relation to the benefits in reduced dengue burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alfonso-Sierra
- a Centre for Medicine and Society, Global Health , Freiburg University , Freiburg , Germany
| | - César Basso
- b Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Protección Vegetal , Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Efraín Beltrán-Ayala
- c Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Técnica de Machala , Machala , Ecuador.,d Servicio Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores Artrópodos , Guayaquil , Ecuador
| | - Kendra Mitchell-Foster
- e Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program/Global Health Research Program, School of Population and Public Health , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | | | | | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- g Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Mérida , México
| | - Guillermo Guillermo-May
- g Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Mérida , México
| | - Andrea Caprara
- h Department of Public Health , University of Ceará State (UECE) , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | | | - Axel Kroeger
- i Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland.,j Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , Liverpool , UK
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Aedes aegypti in rural areas: public health implications. BIOMEDICA 2016; 36:169-73. [PMID: 27622476 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i2.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Misslin R, Telle O, Daudé E, Vaguet A, Paul RE. Urban climate versus global climate change-what makes the difference for dengue? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1382:56-72. [PMID: 27197685 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The expansion in the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases is a much emphasized consequence of climate change, as are the consequences of urbanization for diseases that are already endemic, which may be even more important for public health. In this paper, we focus on dengue, the most widespread urban vector-borne disease. Largely urban with a tropical/subtropical distribution and vectored by a domesticated mosquito, Aedes aegypti, dengue poses a serious public health threat. Temperature plays a determinant role in dengue epidemic potential, affecting crucial parts of the mosquito and viral life cycles. The urban predilection of the mosquito species will further exacerbate the impact of global temperature change because of the urban heat island effect. Even within a city, temperatures can vary by 10 °C according to urban land use, and diurnal temperature range (DTR) can be even greater. DTR has been shown to contribute significantly to dengue epidemic potential. Unraveling the importance of within-city temperature is as important for dengue as for the negative health consequences of high temperatures that have thus far been emphasized, for example, pollution and heat stroke. Urban and landscape planning designed to mitigate the non-infectious negative effects of temperature should additionally focus on dengue, which is currently spreading worldwide with no signs of respite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Misslin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6266 IDEES, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Telle
- Centre des Sciences Humaines, UMIFRE 20 CNRS-MAE, Delhi, India.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8504 Geographie-cités, Paris, France
| | - Eric Daudé
- Centre des Sciences Humaines, UMIFRE 20 CNRS-MAE, Delhi, India
| | - Alain Vaguet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6266 IDEES, Rouen, France
| | - Richard E Paul
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de la Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
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Wibawa T, Satoto TBT. Magnitude of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Indonesia at Postmillennium Development Goals Era. J Trop Med 2016; 2016:5716785. [PMID: 27190525 PMCID: PMC4852117 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5716785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The world will enter the postmillennium development goals 2015 era. The achievements of the millennium development goals (MDGs) as a global development target need to be evaluated. A sustainable new reasonable target is important for neglected tropical diseases (NTD) elimination in Indonesia. This review describes the NTD situation in Indonesia and highlights problems beneath the NTD transmission. Multidisciplinary approach is a promising strategy to help the marginalized people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Wibawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Pérez-Castro R, Castellanos JE, Olano VA, Matiz MI, Jaramillo JF, Vargas SL, Sarmiento DM, Stenström TA, Overgaard HJ. Detection of all four dengue serotypes in Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes collected in a rural area in Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:233-40. [PMID: 27074252 PMCID: PMC4830112 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti vector for dengue virus (DENV) has been reported in urban and periurban areas. The information about DENV circulation in mosquitoes in Colombian rural areas is limited, so we aimed to evaluate the presence of DENV in Ae. aegypti females caught in rural locations of two Colombian municipalities, Anapoima and La Mesa. Mosquitoes from 497 rural households in 44 different rural settlements were collected. Pools of about 20 Ae. aegypti females were processed for DENV serotype detection. DENV in mosquitoes was detected in 74% of the analysed settlements with a pool positivity rate of 62%. The estimated individual mosquito infection rate was 4.12% and the minimum infection rate was 33.3/1,000 mosquitoes. All four serotypes were detected; the most frequent being DENV-2 (50%) and DENV-1 (35%). Two-three serotypes were detected simultaneously in separate pools. This is the first report on the co-occurrence of natural DENV infection of mosquitoes in Colombian rural areas. The findings are important for understanding dengue transmission and planning control strategies. A potential latent virus reservoir in rural areas could spill over to urban areas during population movements. Detecting DENV in wild-caught adult mosquitoes should be included in the development of dengue epidemic forecasting models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Víctor A Olano
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - María Inés Matiz
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - Juan F Jaramillo
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - Sandra L Vargas
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - Diana M Sarmiento
- Universidad El Bosque, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Bogotá,
Colombia
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- Durban University of Technology, South African Research Chair
Initiative, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hans J Overgaard
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Mathematical and
Technological Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Kasetsart University, Department of Entomology, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Maladies Infectieuses et
Vecteurs Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle, Montpellier, France
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