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Ma J, Wang Z, Luo C, Xi J, Wang X, Hu Y, Zhu C, Jin Z. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Neonatal Ureaplasma urealyticum Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1323-1332. [PMID: 38585416 PMCID: PMC10995099 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s452014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To understand the epidemiology and clinical features of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection in hospitalized neonates due to vertical transmission from mother to child. Methods Respiratory secretions were collected from neonates hospitalized in the neonatology department of the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province from July 2020 to June 2022, and PCR was used to detect UU-DNA in respiratory secretions. The neonates were divided into UU-positive and UU-negative groups, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of two groups, were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 7257 hospitalized neonates were included in this study, of whom 561 were UU positive and 6696 were UU negative, with a UU detection rate of 7.73%. The detection rate among female neonates was higher than male neonates, and the highest detection rate was found in the period from 1-7 days after birth; the detection rate was highest in spring and fall, and the lowest in winter, but the overall difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared with the UU-negative group, neonates in the UU-positive group were more likely to be preterm, have a lower birth weight, be delivered vaginally, and have maternal preterm rupture of membranes. In addition, neonates in the UU-positive group were more likely to be co-infected with pathogens and to have complications related to UU infections, which were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Neonatal UU infections are detected more frequently in female infants, with the highest detection rate occurring in 1-7 days after birth, and the most prevalent periods for infection being spring and fall. Vaginal delivery and premature rupture of membranes may lead to an increased risk of vertical UU transmission from mother to child, and UU infection is strongly associated with preterm labor, low birth weight, pathogen co-infection, and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun’e Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanjin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin’ou Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengjiang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
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Vijayvargiya P, Esquer Garrigos Z, Kennedy CC, Daly RC, Wylam ME, Patel R, Beam E. Routine Donor and Recipient Screening for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Species in Lung Transplant Recipients. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac607. [PMID: 36467297 PMCID: PMC9709706 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum may cause post-transplant infections in lung transplant recipients. We evaluated routine pretransplant screening for these Mollicutes. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records of lung transplant recipients at our tri-site institution from 01/01/2015 to 11/15/2019. M. hominis and/or Ureaplasma polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on pretransplant recipient urine specimens and donor bronchial swabs at the time of transplantation. Development of Mollicute infection and hyperammonemia syndrome (HS) was recorded. RESULTS A total of 268 patients underwent lung transplantation during the study period, of whom 105 were screened with at least 1 Mollicute PCR. Twelve (11%) screened positive; 10 donors, 1 recipient, and 1 both. Among positive donors, 3 were positive for M. hominis, 5 for U. urealyticum, and 4 for U. parvum. Preemptive therapy included doxycycline, levofloxacin, and/or azithromycin administered for 1-12 weeks. Despite therapy, 1 case of M. hominis mediastinitis and 1 case of HS associated with Ureaplasma infection occurred, both donor-derived. Of those screened before transplant, cases with positive screening were more likely (P < 0.05) to develop Mollicute infection despite treatment (2/12, 17%) than those who screened negative (1/93, 1%). CONCLUSIONS Pretransplant recipient urine screening had a low yield and was not correlated with post-transplant Mollicute infection, likely because most M. hominis and U. parvum/urealyticum infections in lung transplant recipients are donor-derived. Routine donor bronchus swab PCR for M. hominis, U. urealyticum, and U. parvum followed by preemptive therapy did not obviously impact the overall incidence of Mollicute infection or HS in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Vijayvargiya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Zerelda Esquer Garrigos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Cassie C Kennedy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard C Daly
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark E Wylam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elena Beam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Darabi Z, Niakan M, Khaledi M, Afkhami H, Soltanimoghadam F, Darabi Z. The investigation of P1 gene in Mycoplasma pneumonia isolated from atypic pneumonia by molecular methods, determine IgG antibody and MIC to ciprofloxacin antibiotic. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 46:100954. [PMID: 35251667 PMCID: PMC8889415 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which causes atypical pneumonia, is a well-established pathogen of the respiratory tract. This bacterium is intrinsically susceptible to fluoroquinolones. But recently, drug-resistant forms of this bacterium have been reported. This study aims to determine the prevalence of this bacterium by ELISA and PCR and MIC to ciprofloxacin. The clinical samples (blood and nasopharyngeal swab) were collected from 100 patients, who were referred to selective hospitals in Tehran with respiratory complaints, were enrolled in 2017. Nasopharyngeal swab sample collections were cultured on PPLO broth and PPLO agar. After culturing and DNA extraction, PCR was performed by specific P1 genes primers. Ciprofloxacin's MIC of Mycoplasma pneumonia isolated was determined by the Micro-broth dilution method. The serum of IgG antibody titers was also measured by ELISA Mycoplasma pneumonia. In this study, out of 100 samples, 12 bacteria were isolated on PPLO agar. Using specific primers, 7 samples of Mycoplasma speciesism-specific were positive for the presence of M.pneumoniae and 2 Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were evaluated. ELISA results show that IgG titer antibody is existent in 19 samples and 5 samples are intermediate as well. IgG antibody titer average in the whole sample is 27/66 U/ml, but it is in Positive samples by P1 PCR is 45/75 U/ml. This study showed that PCR is a sensitive and reliable method for rapid detection of M. pneumoniae bacteria in respiratory infectious samples, but the results of this method are different from the ELISA method. Additionally, it seems that the resistance to ciprofloxacin is relatively common among M. pneumoniae.
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4
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Zöllkau J, Pieper DH, Pastuschek J, Makarewicz O, Mentzel HJ, Dawczynski K, Schleußner E. Lethal Neonatal Respiratory Failure by Perinatal Transmission of Ureaplasma Parvum after Maternal PPROM. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2020; 225:361-365. [PMID: 33339061 DOI: 10.1055/a-1326-2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A primiparous pregnant woman was admitted due to preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) at 27+0 week of gestational age (WGA). Conventional vaginal microbiological analysis had no pathological finding. Management decisions based on national guidelines included antenatal corticoids, tocolytics and antibiotics. Unstoppable efforts of preterm labor in 28+0 WGA and supposed amniotic infection syndrome necessitated emergency cesarean section. The preterm infant underwent NICU therapy, developed an early-onset neonatal sepsis and therapy-refractory pulmonary insufficiency with consecutive right heart failure, resulting in death on the 36th day of life. Microbiota analyses by 16Sr DNA sequencing was performed from maternal vaginal swabs and from neonatal pharyngeal swabs. Maternal antibiotic treatment resulted in depletion of physiological vaginal colonization with Lactobacillus crispatus. Ureaplasma parvum became the dominant vaginal microorganism at delivery and was detected in high relative abundance in the neonatal specimen. Progressive radiological air-space changes and interstitial pathologies associated with Ureaplasma infection (bronchopulmonary dysplasia type III) were seen early at the 3rd and distinctly from 14th day of life. This clearly demonstrates the need of vaginal colonization diagnostics in PPROM patients and awareness of the consecutive risks in the preterm. Vaginal microbiome analysis may allow individualized and targeted maternal and fetal diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to identify, protect and treat the high-risk neonates after PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Zöllkau
- Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Pastuschek
- Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliwia Makarewicz
- Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control (IIMK), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mentzel
- Department of Radiology, Section Pediatric Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Kristin Dawczynski
- Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Section Neonatology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Schleußner
- Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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5
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Cheema F, Kutzler HL, Olowofela AS, Maneckshana BT, Rochon C, Sheiner PA, Serrano OK. Successful management of noncirrhotic hyperammonemia syndrome after kidney transplantation from putative
Ureaplasma
infection. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13332. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Cheema
- Hartford Hospital Transplant Program Hartford CT USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington CT USA
| | - Heather L. Kutzler
- Hartford Hospital Transplant Program Hartford CT USA
- Department of Pharmacy Hartford Hospital Hartford CT USA
| | | | - Bejon T. Maneckshana
- Hartford Hospital Transplant Program Hartford CT USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington CT USA
| | - Caroline Rochon
- Hartford Hospital Transplant Program Hartford CT USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington CT USA
| | - Patricia A. Sheiner
- Hartford Hospital Transplant Program Hartford CT USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington CT USA
| | - Oscar K. Serrano
- Hartford Hospital Transplant Program Hartford CT USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington CT USA
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Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A, Poggi A, Capucci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F. Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:100-107. [PMID: 30078192 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Miscarriage is one of the main complications occurring in pregnancy. The association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and silent bacterial infections has been poorly investigated. Ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum, Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis DNA sequences have been investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in chorionic villi tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from females with spontaneous abortion (SA, n = 100) and females who underwent voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VI, n = 100). U. parvum DNA was detected in 14% and 15% of SA and VI, respectively, with a mean of bacterial DNA load of 1.3 × 10-1 copy/cell in SA and 2.8 × 10 -3 copy/cell in VI; U. urealiticum DNA was detected in 3% and 2% of SA and VI specimens, respectively, with a mean DNA load of 3.3 × 10-3 copy/cell in SA and 1.6 × 10-3 copy/cell in VI; M. hominis DNA was detected in 5% of SA specimens with a DNA load of 1.3 × 10-4 copy/cell and in 6% of VI specimens with a DNA load of 1.4 × 10-4 copy/cell; C. trachomatis DNA was detected in 3% of SA specimens with a DNA load of 1.5 × 10-4 copy/cell and in 4% of VI specimens with a mean DNA load of 1.4 × 10-4 copy/cell. In PBMCs from the SA and VI groups, Ureaplasma spp, Mycoplasma spp and C. trachomatis DNAs were detected with a prevalence of 1%-3%. Bacteria were investigated, for the first time, by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in chorionic villi tissues and PBMCs from women affected by SA and VI. These data may help to understand the role and our knowledge of the silent infections in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Contini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - John C Rotondo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Magagnoli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maritati
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silva Seraceni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angela Graziano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alice Poggi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Capucci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fortunato Vesce
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Feng L, Allen TK, Marinello WP, Murtha AP. Infection-induced thrombin production: a potential novel mechanism for preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 219:101.e1-101.e12. [PMID: 29660299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm premature rupture of membranes is a leading contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity and death. Epidemiologic and experimental studies have demonstrated that thrombin causes fetal membrane weakening and subsequently preterm premature rupture of membranes. Although blood is suspected to be the likely source of thrombin in fetal membranes and amniotic fluid of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes, this has not been proved. Ureaplasma parvum is emerging as a pathogen involved in prematurity, which includes preterm premature rupture of membranes; however, until now, prothrombin production that has been induced directly by bacteria in fetal membranes has not been described. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate whether Ureaplasma parvum exposure can induce prothrombin production in fetal membranes cells. STUDY DESIGN Primary fetal membrane cells (amnion epithelial, chorion trophoblast, and decidua stromal) or full-thickness fetal membrane tissue explants from elective, term, uncomplicated cesarean deliveries were harvested. Cells or tissue explants were infected with live Ureaplasma parvum (1×105, 1×106 or 1×107 colony-forming units per milliliter) or lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli J5, L-5014; Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO; 100 ng/mL or 1000 ng/mL) for 24 hours. Tissue explants were fixed for immunohistochemistry staining of thrombin/prothrombin. Fetal membrane cells were fixed for confocal immunofluorescent staining of the biomarkers of fetal membrane cell types and thrombin/prothrombin. Protein and messenger RNA were harvested from the cells and tissue explants for Western blot or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify thrombin/prothrombin protein or messenger RNA production, respectively. Data are presented as mean values ± standard errors of mean. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance with post hoc Dunnett's test. RESULTS Prothrombin production and localization were confirmed by Western blot and immunostainings in all primary fetal membrane cells and tissue explants. Immunofluorescence observations revealed a perinuclear localization of prothrombin in amnion epithelial cells. Localization of prothrombin in chorion and decidua cells was perinuclear and cytoplasmic. Prothrombin messenger RNA and protein expression in fetal membranes were increased significantly by Ureaplasma parvum, but not lipopolysaccharide, treatments in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, Ureaplasma parvum at a dose of 1×107 colony-forming units/mL significantly increased both prothrombin messenger RNA (fold changes in amnion: 4.1±1.9; chorion: 5.7±4.2; decidua: 10.0±5.4; fetal membrane: 9.2±3.0) and protein expression (fold changes in amnion: 138.0±44.0; chorion: 139.6±15.1; decidua: 56.9±29.1; fetal membrane: 133.1±40.0) compared with untreated control subjects. Ureaplasma parvum at a dose of 1×106 colony-forming units/mL significantly up-regulated prothrombin protein expression in chorion cells (fold change: 54.9±5.3) and prothrombin messenger RNA expression in decidua cells (fold change: 4.4±1.9). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that prothrombin can be produced directly by fetal membrane amnion, chorion, and decidua cells. Further, prothrombin production can be stimulated by Ureaplasma parvum exposure in fetal membranes. These findings represent a potential novel underlying mechanism of Ureaplasma parvum-induced rupture of fetal membranes.
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8
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Donders GGG, Ruban K, Bellen G, Petricevic L. Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma infection in pregnancy: to screen or not to screen. J Perinat Med 2017; 45:505-515. [PMID: 28099135 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasmata have been linked to pregnancy complications and neonatal risk. While formerly a limited number of species could be discovered by cultures, molecular biology nowadays discovers both lower quantities and more diverse species, making us realize that mycoplasmata are ubiquitous in the vaginal milieu and do not always pose a danger for pregnant women. As the meaning of mycoplasmata in pregnancy is not clear to many clinicians, we summarized the current knowledge about the meaning of different kinds of mycoplasmata in pregnancy and discuss the potential benefits and disadvantages of treatment. Currently, there is no general rule to screen and treat for mycoplasmata in pregnancy. New techniques seem to indicate that Ureaplasma parvum (Up), which now can be distinguished from U. urealyticum (Uu), may pose an increased risk for preterm birth and bronchopulmonary disease in the preterm neonate. Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) is related to early miscarriages and midtrimester abortions, especially in the presence of abnormal vaginal flora. Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) is now recognized as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is involved in the causation of cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in non-pregnant, and preterm birth and miscarriages in pregnant women, irrespective of the presence of concurrent other STIs, like Chlamydia or gonorrhoea. Proper studies to test for efficacy and improved pregnancy outcome are scarce and inconclusive. Azythromycin is the standard treatment now, although, for Mg, this may not be sufficient. The role of clarithromycin in clinical practice still has to be established. There is a stringent need for new studies based on molecular diagnostic techniques and randomized treatment protocols with promising and safe antimicrobials.
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9
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Han YS, Chun SH, Chun JY, Sung TJ. Clinical Effects of Ureaplasma urealyticumColonization in Maternal Vaginal Fluid at Second Trimester on Neonatal Outcomes of Premature Infant ≤35 Weeks' Gestational Age. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2017.24.3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Seul Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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de la Haye N, Hütten MC, Kunzmann S, Kramer BW. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Ureaplasma: What Do We Know So Far? NEONATAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2017.24.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole de la Haye
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias C. Hütten
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Kunzmann
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Boris W. Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Bürgerhospital Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Feng L, Ransom CE, Nazzal MK, Allen TK, Li YJ, Truong T, Potts LC, Seed PC, Murtha AP. The Role of Progesterone and a Novel Progesterone Receptor, Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1, in the Inflammatory Response of Fetal Membranes to Ureaplasma parvum Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168102. [PMID: 27977732 PMCID: PMC5158007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) is gaining recognition as an important pathogen for chorioamnionitis and preterm premature rupture of membranes. We aimed to investigate the roles of progesterone (P4) and a novel progesterone receptor, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), in the response of fetal membranes to U. parvum. Fetal membrane cells (amnion, chorion and decidua) were isolated and confirmed to be free of Mycoplasmataceae. Cells were treated with U. parvum (5x106 CFU), and adherence was quantified by qPCR. Amnion and chorion cells were transfected with scrambled siRNA or validated PGRMC1 siRNA for 72h. Cells were then treated with U. parvum for 4h with or without pretreatment with P4 (10−7 M) or ethanol for 1h. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) mRNA expression were quantified by qRT-PCR. Culture medium was harvested and analyzed for IL-8 and prostaglandin (PGE2) secretion by ELISA and MMP9 activity by zymography. U. parvum had a mean adherence of 15.0±0.6%, 16.9± 3.7% and 4.7±0.3% in cultured amnion, chorion and decidua cells, respectively. Exposure to U. parvum elicited significant inflammatory responses including induction of IL-8, COX-2, PGE2 and MMP9. A possible role of PGRMC1 was identified in the inhibition of U. parvum-stimulated COX-2 and MMP9 mRNA expression in chorion cells and MMP9 activity in amnion cells. On the other hand, it might enhance the U. parvum-stimulated IL-8 protein secretion in amnion cells. P4, mediated through PGRMC1, significantly inhibited U. Parvum-induced MMP9 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA expression in chorion cells. P4 appeared to attenuate U. parvum induced IL-8 mRNA expression in chorion cells, but this P4 effect might not mediated through PGRMC1. In summary, U. parvum preferentially adheres to and induces inflammatory responses in chorion and amnion cells. P4 and PGRMC1 appear to differentially modulate the inflammatory responses induced by U. parvum among amnion and chorion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Carla E. Ransom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew K. Nazzal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Terrence K. Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tracy Truong
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren C. Potts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Seed
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amy P. Murtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Sweeney EL, Kallapur SG, Gisslen T, Lambers DS, Chougnet CA, Stephenson SA, Jobe AH, Knox CL. Placental Infection With Ureaplasma species Is Associated With Histologic Chorioamnionitis and Adverse Outcomes in Moderately Preterm and Late-Preterm Infants. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:1340-7. [PMID: 26671889 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human Ureaplasma species are the microbes most frequently isolated from placentae of women who deliver preterm. The role of Ureaplasma species has been investigated in pregnancies at <32 weeks of gestation, but currently no studies have determined the prevalence of ureaplasmas in moderately preterm and late-preterm (hereafter, "moderate/late preterm") infants, the largest cohort of preterm infants. METHODS Women delivering moderate/late preterm infants (n = 477) and their infants/placentae (n = 535) were recruited, and swab specimens of chorioamnion tissue, chorioamnion tissue specimens, and cord blood specimens were obtained at delivery. Swab and tissue specimens were cultured and analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of microorganisms, while cord blood specimens were analyzed for the presence of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. RESULTS We detected microorganisms in 10.6% of 535 placentae (443 were delivered late preterm and 92 were delivered at term). Significantly, Ureaplasma species were the most prevalent microorganisms, and their presence alone was associated with histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis in moderate/late preterm and term placentae (P < .001). The presence of ureaplasmas in the chorioamnion was also associated with elevated levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications for infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes throughout gestation and should be of major consideration for obstetricians and neonatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sweeney
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Claire A Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Ohio
| | - Sally-Anne Stephenson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Christine L Knox
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Resch B, Gutmann C, Reiterer F, Luxner J, Urlesberger B. Neonatal Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization increases pulmonary and cerebral morbidity despite treatment with macrolide antibiotics. Infection 2015; 44:323-7. [PMID: 26518581 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-015-0858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) colonization on neonatal pulmonary and cerebral morbidity. METHODS Single-center case-control study including all preterm infants with positive UU tracheal colonization between 1990 and 2012. Cases were matched with controls by birth year, gestational age, birth weight, and sex. All cases had received macrolide antibiotics for UU infection starting at the time of first positive culture results from tracheal aspirates. Main outcome parameters included presence and severity of hyaline membrane disease (IRDS), duration of ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 postmenstrual age and neurological morbidities (seizures, intra-/periventricular hemorrhages-I/PVH, periventricular leukomalacia-PVL). RESULTS Of 74 cases identified 8 died and 4 had to be excluded; thus, 62 preterm infants were compared to 62 matched controls. UU was significantly associated with IRDS (79 vs. 61 %, p = 0.015), BPD (24 vs. 6 %, p = 0.003), seizures (23 vs. 5 %, p = 0.002) and I/PVH (45 vs. 24 %, p = 0.028). Cases had longer duration of mechanical ventilation and total duration of invasive and non-invasive ventilation (median 11 vs. 6 days p = 0.006 and 25 vs. 16.5 days p = 0.019, respectively). CONCLUSION UU was found to be significantly associated with pulmonary short- and long-term morbidity and mild cerebral impairment despite treatment with macrolide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Resch
- Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. .,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - C Gutmann
- Research Unit for Neonatal Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - F Reiterer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - J Luxner
- Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B Urlesberger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, 8036, Graz, Austria
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Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the rapid detection of Mycoplasma genitalium. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:13-7. [PMID: 26072150 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmissible, pathogenic bacterium and a significant cause of nongonococcal urethritis in both men and women. Due to the difficulty of the culture of M. genitalium from clinical samples, the laboratory diagnosis of M. genitalium infection is almost exclusively carried out using nucleic acid amplification tests. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel nucleic acid amplification technology, utilising a set of 4 primers specific to 6 distinct regions of the target DNA sequence, in order to amplify target DNA in a highly specific and rapid manner. A LAMP assay was designed to the pdhD gene of M. genitalium, and the limit of detection of the assay was determined as 10 fg of M. genitalium genomic DNA, equating to ~16 copies of the M. genitalium genome, which was equally sensitive as a gold standard 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction assay.
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Maternal Genital Tract Infection. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The role of Ureaplasma spp. in human disease has been controversial, as these bacteria are commonly isolated as part of the normal genital tract flora. Ureaplasma has been shown to have a causal role in urogenital infections and is associated with significant foetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality when infection occurs during the perinatal period. Although rare, invasive Ureaplasma infection (meningitis, renal abscess, mediastinitis and arthritis) has also been reported in both adults and children. This review outlines the unique microbiological features and various clinical presentations of Ureaplasma infection. It also discusses the treatment options, which in the neonatal period can be particularly challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gwee
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Aly H, Badawy M, Tomerak RH, El-Kholy AA, Hamed AS. Tracheal colonization in preterm infants supported with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatr Int 2012; 54:356-60. [PMID: 22300448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2012.03567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine endotracheal bacteriological status in premature infants who are supported by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) without any history of tracheal intubation. METHODS In this prospective study, we enrolled 60 premature infants with respiratory distress; of these, 30 were supported by CPAP without tracheal intubation, and 30 were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Infants were enrolled at a postnatal age of < 24 h. Endotracheal (ET) cultures were taken at 24 h and at the 5th day of life. In the CPAP group, a suction catheter was sterilely inserted into the trachea while directly visualizing the vocal cords using a laryngoscope. RESULTS ET cultures taken on the 1st day of life showed colonization in 7/30 (23%) in the CPAP group versus 19/30 (63%) in the mechanically ventilated group (P= 0.002). Tracheal cultures on day 5 were positive in 5/30 (17%) and 11/30 (37%), respectively (P= 0.093). Klebsiella ssp. represented the most frequently isolated organism in both groups. A positive tracheal culture at 5 days was associated with a longer duration of respiratory support in the CPAP group (P= 0.05) but not in the ventilation group. Endotracheal culture at 5 days was associated with mortality in the ventilation group (8/11 vs 5/19, P= 0.02), but not in the CPAP group (1/5 vs 2/25, P= 0.45). Early endotracheal cultures did not relate with mortality in either of the groups. CONCLUSION The trachea of premature infants supported with CPAP is at risk for bacterial colonization. Predisposing factors, mechanisms and clinical implications of these novel findings need to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Aly
- Department of Neonatology, the George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037 USA.
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Patel KK, Salva PS, Webley WC. Colonization of paediatric lower respiratory tract with genital Mycoplasma species. Respirology 2012; 16:1081-7. [PMID: 21722263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recently, much attention has been given to the possible role played by pathogens that colonize neonatal or paediatric airway and their potential involvement in chronic respiratory disease. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of Mycoplasma organisms in the BAL fluid of paediatric patients suffering from a variety of chronic respiratory diseases to determine if there was any clear disease association with bacterial presence. METHODS We examined 319 paediatric BAL samples for the presence of M.genitalium, M.hominis, U.urealyticum, U.parvum and M.pneumoniae DNA with species-specific PCR. RESULTS Mycoplasma DNA was found in 32.6% (104/319) of patient samples; 10% (32/319) for M.pneumoniae, 8.8% for U.parvum, 2.8% for U.urealyticum; 4.7% for M.hominis and 9.1% for M.genitalium. There were no significant clinical and laboratory differences except serum IgE in asthmatics according to Mycoplasma colonization or not. Elevated levels of IgE were found more often in Mycoplasma DNA-negative patients than patients with bacterial DNA, 85/109 versus 24/109 respectively (P<0.0001). There was no difference in the frequency of Mycoplasmas between the asthmatics and the non-asthmatics; 30.6% (69/225) versus 37.2% (35/94) for Mycoplasma 16S DNA, and 8% versus 14.9% for M.pneumoniae, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that in addition to M.pneumoniae, urogenital Mycoplasma species may colonize the airway of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. There was, however, no association between chronic asthma diagnosis and Mycoplasma colonization in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katir K Patel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
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Association of genitalMycoplasmasinfection in women who had preterm delivery and outcomes in premature infants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5468/kjog.2012.55.3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kacerovsky M, Pliskova L, Bolehovska R, Musilova I, Hornychova H, Tambor V, Jacobsson B. The microbial load with genital mycoplasmas correlates with the degree of histologic chorioamnionitis in preterm PROM. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:213.e1-7. [PMID: 21663889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether there is an association between bacterial load of genital mycoplasmas and histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). STUDY DESIGN A total of 103 women with PPROM between 24-36 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Amniocenteses were performed, and the amounts of target genital mycoplasma DNA in amniotic fluid samples were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The bacterial load of the genital mycoplasmas was relatively assessed using the threshold cycle value. RESULTS The presence of genital mycoplasmas in amniotic fluid was found in 38% (39/103) of the women. The presence of HCA was associated with lower threshold cycle values (median 21.3, interquartile range, 16.5-28.5, vs median 29.4, interquartile range, 27.0-30.5; P = .005). CONCLUSION HCA in PPROM is associated with a higher bacterial load of genital mycoplasmas.
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Zhu CT, Hu ZY, Dong CL, Zhang CS, Wan MZ, Ling Y. Investigation of Ureaplasma urealyticum biovars and their relationship with antimicrobial resistance. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:288-92. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.83915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a fresh look. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20706675 PMCID: PMC2913664 DOI: 10.1155/2010/521921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work on the Molicutes that associate with genital tract tissues focuses on four species that may be of interest in potential maternal, fetal, and neonatal infection and in contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum have historically been the subject of attention, but Mycoplasma genitalis which causes male urethritis in addition to colonizing the female genital tract and the division of Ureaplasma into two species, urealyticum and parvum, has also added new taxonomic clarity. The role of these genital tract inhabitants in infection during pregnancy and their ability to invade and infect placental and fetal tissue is discussed. In particular, the role of some of these organisms in prematurity may be mechanistically related to their ability to induce inflammatory cytokines, thereby triggering pathways leading to preterm labor. A review of this intensifying exploration of the mycoplasmas in relation to pregnancy yields several questions which will be important to examine in future research.
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Detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in patients with arthritis: significance and diagnostic value. Rheumatol Int 2010; 31:1307-13. [PMID: 20383512 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential clinical implications of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in patients with acute and chronic arthritic diseases and to investigate whether blood monocytes might reflect a concomitant synovial or persistent systemic infection. C. pneumoniae was investigated with advanced PCR and reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR techniques targeting different genes and combined with cell line cultures, in synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens collected from 28 patients with arthritis. Five out of twenty-eight patients (17.8%) were found to have C. pneumoniae DNA in either SF or PBMC specimens. Their diagnosis was reactive arthritis (ReA), S.A.P.H.O syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, undifferentiated oligoarthritis (UOA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Specimens from patients with UOA and AS had also mRNA transcripts but those from AS yielded C. pneumoniae growth after co-culture. Moreover, C. pneumoniae DNA levels measured by Real-Time PCR (LightCycler) were higher in PBMC specimens compared to those found in SF at the end of antibiotic treatment. C. pneumoniae may have a role as triggering factor also in chronic arthritides including AS. The combined use of culture and molecular tools increases detection rates and improves the overall sensitivity, suggesting their potential use to detect C. pneumoniae. The different kinetics of bacterial DNA at both peripheral and synovial levels should be taken into consideration when monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment.
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Abstract
The significance of Ureaplasma species as pathogens in neonatal meningitis remains contentious. Using an illustrative case of a premature infant with Ureaplasma parvum meningitis, confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid cultures and both specific and 16s rDNA polymerase chain reaction, we discuss the epidemiology of Ureaplasma species, the difficulties involved in diagnosis and establishing pathogenicity, and the challenges in defining appropriate treatment.
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Maxwell NC, Nuttall D, Kotecha S. Does Ureaplasma spp. cause chronic lung disease of prematurity: ask the audience? Early Hum Dev 2009; 85:291-6. [PMID: 19144476 PMCID: PMC2681047 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Ureaplasma has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of both preterm labour and neonatal morbidity, particularly chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD), but despite numerous studies, reviews and meta-analyses, its exact role remains unclear. Many papers call for a definitive randomised control trial to determine if eradication of pulmonary Ureaplasma decreases the rates of CLD but few address in detail the obstacles to an adequately powered clinical trial. We review the evidence for Ureaplasma as a causative agent in CLD, asking why a randomised control trial has not been performed. We surveyed the opinions of senior neonatologists in the UK on whether they felt that there was sufficient evidence for Ureaplasma either causing or not causing CLD and whether a definitive trial was needed, as well as their views on the design of such a trial. Additionally, we ascertained current practice with respect to Ureaplasma detection in preterm neonates in the UK. There is clear support for an adequately powered randomised controlled clinical trial by senior neonatologists in the UK. There are no reasons why a definitive trial cannot be conducted especially as the appropriate samples, and methods to culture or identify the organism by PCR are already available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C. Maxwell
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Nuttall
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Sailesh Kotecha
- Corresponding author. Department of Child Health, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom. Tel.: +44 29 2074 4187; fax: +44 29 2074 4283.
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Dongya M, Wencheng X, Xiaobo M, Lu W. Transition mutations in 23S rRNA account for acquired resistance to macrolides in Ureaplasma urealyticum. Microb Drug Resist 2008; 14:183-6. [PMID: 18707551 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2008.0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the mechanisms of acquired resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) to Macrolide antibiotics. METHODS Eighteen strains of Uu clinical isolates with different phenotypes of resistance to Macrolide antibiotics were screened for mutations in 23S rRNA in comparison with the reference strain ATCC 27618 and AF272627-1 in GenBank, which is susceptible to Macrolide antibiotics. RESULTS Compared to the sequence of reference strains ATCC 27618 and AF272627-1, three transitions were found in 23S rRNA of Uu clinical isolates with acquired resistance to Macrolide antibiotics. The C2243N (T or C) transition was found in the 23S rRNA sequence of five strains with the phenotype of acquired resistance to Roxithromycin (ROM) and Azithromycin (AZM). The two changes of A2149C and A2181T were found in the 23S rRNA sequence of nine strains with the phenotype of resistance to ROM and midrange resistance to AZM, and they were also found in that of four strains with the phenotype of sensitivity to macrolides (Josamycin, Clarithromycin, ROM, and AZM). No mutation was found in the ATCC 27618. CONCLUSION The mechanisms of Uu resistance to ROM and AZM may be associated with the C2243N (T or C) mutation in 23S rRNA. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dongya
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Liao Ning North Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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