1
|
Khan F, Khan S, Rana N, Rahim T, Arshad A, Khan I, Ogaly HA, Ahmed DAEM, Dera AA, Zaib S. Mutational analysis of consanguineous families and their targeted therapy against dwarfism. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38321911 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2307446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Dwarfism is a medical term used to describe individuals with a height-vertex measurement that falls below two standard deviations (-2SD) or the third percentile for their gender and age. Normal development of growth is a complicated dynamic procedure that depends upon the coordination of different aspects involving diet, genetics, and biological aspects like hormones in equilibrium. Any severe or acute pathologic procedure may disturb the individual's normal rate of growth. In this research, we examined four (A-D) Pakistani consanguineous families that exhibited syndromic dwarfism, which was inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The genomic DNA of each family member was extracted by using phenol-chloroform and Kit methods. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of affected family members (IV-11, III-5, IV-4 and III-13) from each group was performed at the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium. After filtering the exome data, the mutations in PPM1F, FGFR3, ERCC2, and PCNT genes were determined by Sanger sequencing of each gene by using specific primers. Afterward, FGFR3 was found to be a suitable drug target among all the mutations to treat achondroplasia also known as disproportionate dwarfism. BioSolveIT softwares were used to discover the lead active inhibitory molecule against FGFR3. This research will not only provide short knowledge to the concerned pediatricians, researchers, and family physicians for the preliminary assessment and management of the disorder but also provide a lead inhibitor for the treatment of disproportionate dwarfism.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Khan
- Department of Zoology Wild Life and Fishries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sarmir Khan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nehal Rana
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Rahim
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Zoology Wild Life and Fishries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Egbert JR, Uliasz TF, Lowther KM, Kaback D, Wagner BM, Healy CL, O’Connell TD, Potter LR, Jaffe LA, Yee SP. Epitope-tagged and phosphomimetic mouse models for investigating natriuretic peptide-stimulated receptor guanylyl cyclases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1007026. [PMID: 36340689 PMCID: PMC9627482 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1007026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The natriuretic peptide receptors NPR1 and NPR2, also known as guanylyl cyclase A and guanylyl cyclase B, have critical functions in many signaling pathways, but much remains unknown about their localization and function in vivo. To facilitate studies of these proteins, we developed genetically modified mouse lines in which endogenous NPR1 and NPR2 were tagged with the HA epitope. To investigate the role of phosphorylation in regulating NPR1 and NPR2 guanylyl cyclase activity, we developed mouse lines in which regulatory serines and threonines were substituted with glutamates, to mimic the negative charge of the phosphorylated forms (NPR1-8E and NPR2-7E). Here we describe the generation and applications of these mice. We show that the HA-NPR1 and HA-NPR2 mice can be used to characterize the relative expression levels of these proteins in different tissues. We describe studies using the NPR2-7E mice that indicate that dephosphorylation of NPR2 transduces signaling pathways in ovary and bone, and studies using the NPR1-8E mice that indicate that the phosphorylation state of NPR1 is a regulator of heart, testis, and adrenal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R. Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Jeremy R. Egbert,
| | - Tracy F. Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Katie M. Lowther
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States,Center for Mouse Genome Modification, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Deborah Kaback
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States,Center for Mouse Genome Modification, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Brandon M. Wagner
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Chastity L. Healy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Timothy D. O’Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lincoln R. Potter
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,Lincoln R. Potter,
| | - Laurinda A. Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States,Laurinda A. Jaffe,
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States,Center for Mouse Genome Modification, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States,Siu-Pok Yee,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arya VB, Raj M, Younes M, Chapman S, Irving M, Kapoor RR, Buchanan CR. Acromesomelic Dysplasia, Type Maroteaux: Impact of Long-Term (8 Years) High-Dose Growth Hormone Treatment on Growth Velocity and Final Height in 2 Siblings. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:335-342. [PMID: 33238275 DOI: 10.1159/000511874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux (AMDM) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia, characterized by severe dwarfism and disproportionate limb shortening. It results from loss-of-function NPR2 mutations affecting the C-type natriuretic peptide receptor. Resistance to growth hormone (GH) action has previously been suggested. We describe outcomes of 2 siblings with AMDM after prolonged high-dose GH treatment. PATIENTS/METHODS Two siblings (Pt-A and Pt-B; consanguineous parents) presented in early childhood with severe disproportionate short stature and radiological features of AMDM. Subsequent genetic testing identified a novel homozygous NPR2 mutation. GH provocation testing showed relatively high GH levels. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was ∼2 SD below age/sex-specific mean. High-dose GH (0.075 mg/kg/day) was started. Pre-GH height velocities were 3.7 (Pt-A) and 4.5 (Pt-B) cm/year. GH dose was adjusted to sustain serum IGF-1 towards +3 SDS for age/sex. Annualized height velocities for first 3 years on GH were 7.0, 5.4, and 4.7 cm/year for patient A and 9.4, 8.0, and 5.9 cm/year for patient B. Height gain during puberty was 10.6 (Pt-A) and 5.9 (Pt-B) cm. Final heights after 8.5 years of GH treatment were 130.5 cm (-6.57 SDS, Pt-A) and 134 cm (-4.58 SDS, Pt-B). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of final height in patients with AMDM after long-term GH treatment. Our results confirm the finding of relative GH resistance in AMDM, which when overcome with high-dose GH treatment resulted in improved height SDS during childhood and adolescence and associated quality of life. The final height of our patients was significantly higher than average reported final height (120 cm) of AMDM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ved Bhushan Arya
- Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Meena Raj
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maha Younes
- Viapath Laboratories, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Chapman
- Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ritika R Kapoor
- Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Buchanan
- Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kılıç E, Çavdarlı B, Büyükyılmaz G, Kılıç M. Acromesomelic dysplasia-Maroteaux type, nine patients with two novel NPR2 variants. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1115-1121. [PMID: 34162036 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux, is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by biallelic loss of function variations of NPR2, which encodes a cartilage regulator C-type natriuretic peptide receptor B. NPR2 variations impair skeletal growth. It is a rare type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the middle and distal segments of the limbs with spondylar dysplasia. METHODS We performed detailed clinical and radiological evaluation and sequence analysis for NPR2. RESULTS Herein, we report nine patients from eight families with two novel NPR2 pathogenic variants. CONCLUSIONS This study describes typical clinical phenotypes of Maroteaux type acromesomelic dysplasia, and enriches the variant spectrum of NPR2 by reporting one nonsense and one missense novel variant. We emphasize the importance of detailed clinical evaluation before genetic testing in diagnosing rare skeletal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kılıç
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,Üniversiteler Mahallesi, 1604, Cadde No: 9, 06800 Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Büşranur Çavdarlı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gönül Büyükyılmaz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kılıç
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Sami Ulus Children Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shuhaibar LC, Kaci N, Egbert JR, Horville T, Loisay L, Vigone G, Uliasz TF, Dambroise E, Swingle MR, Honkanen RE, Biosse Duplan M, Jaffe LA, Legeai-Mallet L. Phosphatase inhibition by LB-100 enhances BMN-111 stimulation of bone growth. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141426. [PMID: 33986191 PMCID: PMC8262325 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and inactivating mutations in the natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) guanylyl cyclase both result in decreased production of cyclic GMP in chondrocytes and severe short stature, causing achondroplasia (ACH) and acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux, respectively. Previously, we showed that an NPR2 agonist BMN-111 (vosoritide) increases bone growth in mice mimicking ACH (Fgfr3Y367C/+). Here, because FGFR3 signaling decreases NPR2 activity by dephosphorylating the NPR2 protein, we tested whether a phosphatase inhibitor (LB-100) could enhance BMN-111–stimulated bone growth in ACH. Measurements of cGMP production in chondrocytes of living tibias, and of NPR2 phosphorylation in primary chondrocytes, showed that LB-100 counteracted FGF-induced dephosphorylation and inactivation of NPR2. In ex vivo experiments with Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice, the combination of BMN-111 and LB-100 increased bone length and cartilage area, restored chondrocyte terminal differentiation, and increased the proliferative growth plate area, more than BMN-111 alone. The combination treatment also reduced the abnormal elevation of MAP kinase activity in the growth plate of Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice and improved the skull base anomalies. Our results provide a proof of concept that a phosphatase inhibitor could be used together with an NPR2 agonist to enhance cGMP production as a therapy for ACH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leia C Shuhaibar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Nabil Kaci
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France.,Inovarion, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jeremy R Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Thibault Horville
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France
| | - Léa Loisay
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Vigone
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Tracy F Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Emilie Dambroise
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France
| | - Mark R Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile Alabama, USA
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile Alabama, USA
| | - Martin Biosse Duplan
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, F‑75015, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Further defining the clinical and molecular spectrum of acromesomelic dysplasia type maroteaux: a Turkish tertiary center experience. J Hum Genet 2020; 66:585-596. [PMID: 33288834 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acromesomelic dysplasia type Maroteaux (AMDM, OMIM #602875) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe short stature, shortened middle and distal segments of the limbs, redundant skin of fingers, radial head subluxation or dislocation, large great toes and cranium, and normal intelligence. Only the skeletal system appears to be consistently affected. AMDM is caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in the natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPRB or NPR2, OMIM #108961) which is involved in endochondral ossification and longitudinal growth of limbs and vertebrae. In this study, we investigated 26 AMDM patients from 22 unrelated families and revealed their genetic etiology in 20 families, via Sanger sequencing or exome sequencing. A total of 22 distinct variants in NPR2 (14 missense, 5 nonsense, 2 intronic, and 1 one-amino acid deletion) were detected, among which 15 were novel. They were in homozygous states in 19 patients and in compound heterozygous states in four patients. Parents with heterozygous NPR2 variants were significantly shorter than the control. Extra-skeletal abnormalities, including global developmental delay/intellectual disability, nephrolithiasis, renal cyst, and oligodontia were noted in the patient cohort. The high parental consanguinity rate might have contributed to these findings, probably associated with other gene variants. This study represents the largest cohort of AMDM from Turkey and regional countries and further expands the molecular and clinical spectrum of AMDM.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanley PC, Kanwar HS, Martineau C, Levine MA. Short Stature is Progressive in Patients with Heterozygous NPR2 Mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5877389. [PMID: 32720985 PMCID: PMC7442278 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NPR2 encodes atrial natriuretic peptide receptor B (ANPRB), a regulator of skeletal growth. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in NPR2 result in acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux type (AMDM; OMIM 602875), while heterozygous mutations may account for 2% to 6% of idiopathic short stature (ISS). OBJECTIVE Describe the physical proportions and growth characteristics of an extended family with novel NPR2 mutations including members with AMDM, ISS, or normal stature. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS We performed whole exome sequencing in 2 healthy parents and 2 children with AMDM. Detailed genotyping and phenotyping were performed on members of a multigenerational family in an academic medical center. We expressed mutant proteins in mammalian cells and characterized expression and function. RESULTS The sisters with AMDM were compound heterozygotes for missense mutations in the NPR2 gene, a novel p.P93S (maternal) and the previously reported p.R989L (paternal). Both mutant ANPRB proteins were normally expressed in HEK293T cells and exhibited dominant negative effects on wild-type ANPRB catalytic activity. Heterozygous relatives had proportionate short stature (height z-scores -2.06 ± 0.97, median ± SD) compared with their wild-type siblings (-1.37 ± 0.59). Height z-scores progressively and significantly decreased as NPR2-heterozygous children matured, while remaining constant in their wild-type siblings. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic NPR2 mutations cause severe skeletal dysplasia (AMDM), whereas heterozygous mutations lead to a subtler phenotype characterized by progressive short stature with by increasing loss of height potential with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Hanley
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Patrick C. Hanley, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE 19803. E-mail:
| | - Harsh S Kanwar
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Center for Bone Health, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corine Martineau
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Center for Bone Health, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Center for Bone Health, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A novel nonsense mutation in NPR2 gene causing Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux in a consanguineous family in Southern Punjab (Pakistan). Genes Genomics 2020; 42:847-854. [PMID: 32506268 PMCID: PMC7374443 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux (AMDM) is a rare skeletal dysplasia following autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and characterized by abnormal growth plates, short and abnormal bones in the extremities and spine. Objective Present study was designed to report the molecular basis of AMDM in enrolled consanguineous family from Pakistan. Methods A consanguineous family from Vehari District in Pakistan having multiple siblings suffering from AMDM was enrolled in present study. Whole exome sequencing (WES) approach was adopted to identify causative agent of AMDM. Human full length NPR2 gene and sequence with nonsense mutation was amplified by using Myc-tagged pXN vector and transformed in E. coli DH5α cells to confirm mutation. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were done to confirm the production of truncated protein. Computational three dimensional structure generation through homology modeling approach was done to compare protein structure between patients and controls. Results WES reveled a nonsense mutation (c.613 C>T, p.R205X) in exon 1 of NPR2 gene leading to premature termination codon in mRNA of NPR2 gene resulting in a truncated protein with 204 amino acid residues that was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Sanger sequencing confirmed that mutation in all subjects and mutation followed Mendalian pattern of inheritance. Multiple sequence alignment by ClustalW revealed that mutated domain of NPR2 is conserved region. Proetin structure comparison revealed a significant structural part of NPR2 was missing in truncated protein as compared to control. Conclusion We are reporting that a novel nonsense mutation (c.613 C>T, p.R205X) in exon 1 of NPR2 gene is causing AMDM in a consanguineous Pakistani family.
Collapse
|
9
|
A Comprehensive review of genetic skeletal disorders reported from Pakistan: A brief commentary. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
10
|
Tran TH, Cao MH, Luong LH, Le PT, Vu DC, Ta TD, Bui TH, Nguyen DH, Van Ta T, Tran VK. Acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux-type in patients from Vietnam. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1420-1422. [PMID: 31077548 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acromesomelic dysplasias are rare skeletal disorders leading to severe short stature and abnormal skeletal morphology. Acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux-type is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in NPR2 that encodes for natriuretic peptide receptor B. Here, we reported the first AMDM case in South East Asia and identified a novel pathogenic variant in NPR2 (c. 152T>C, p. (Leu51Pro)). Further analyses reveal the parents and two other family members were heterozygous for the variant. The clinical report highlights the importance of molecular genetic testing in diagnosing rare hereditable disease affecting skeletal abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Huy Tran
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - My Ha Cao
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang Luong
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Le
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Chi Vu
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Disorders, Vietnam National Children Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Dat Ta
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - The-Hung Bui
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duc Hinh Nguyen
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Van Ta
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Khanh Tran
- Center for Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ain NU, Iqbal M, Valta H, Emerling CA, Ahmed S, Makitie O, Naz S. Novel variants in natriuretic peptide receptor 2 in unrelated patients with acromesomelic dysplasia type Maroteaux. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103554. [PMID: 30359775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acromesomelic dysplasia are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable spectrum and severity of skeletal anomalies in the affected individuals. Acromesomelic dysplasia type Maroteaux (AMDM) is characterized by extreme shortening of the forelimbs and disproportionate short stature. Several homozygous inactivating mutations in NPR2 have been identified in different AMDM patients. We report five novel variants in affected individuals in four different families. These include two nonsense and three missense variants. This study broadens the genotypic spectrum of NPR2 mutations in individuals with AMDM and also describes the intra- and inter-familial phenotypic variability due to NPR2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Ain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muddassar Iqbal
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher A Emerling
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Sufian Ahmed
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Outi Makitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boudin E, de Jong TR, Prickett TCR, Lapauw B, Toye K, Van Hoof V, Luyckx I, Verstraeten A, Heymans HSA, Dulfer E, Van Laer L, Berry IR, Dobbie A, Blair E, Loeys B, Espiner EA, Wit JM, Van Hul W, Houpt P, Mortier GR. Bi-allelic Loss-of-Function Mutations in the NPR-C Receptor Result in Enhanced Growth and Connective Tissue Abnormalities. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:288-295. [PMID: 30032985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The natriuretic peptide signaling pathway has been implicated in many cellular processes, including endochondral ossification and bone growth. More precisely, different mutations in the NPR-B receptor and the CNP ligand have been identified in individuals with either short or tall stature. In this study we show that the NPR-C receptor (encoded by NPR3) is also important for the regulation of linear bone growth. We report four individuals, originating from three different families, with a phenotype characterized by tall stature, long digits, and extra epiphyses in the hands and feet. In addition, aortic dilatation was observed in two of these families. In each affected individual, we identified a bi-allelic loss-of-function mutation in NPR3. The missense mutations (c.442T>C [p.Ser148Pro] and c.1088A>T [p.Asp363Val]) resulted in intracellular retention of the NPR-C receptor and absent localization on the plasma membrane, whereas the nonsense mutation (c.1524delC [p.Tyr508∗]) resulted in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Biochemical analysis of plasma from two affected and unrelated individuals revealed a reduced NTproNP/NP ratio for all ligands and also high cGMP levels. These data strongly suggest a reduced clearance of natriuretic peptides by the defective NPR-C receptor and consequently increased activity of the NPR-A/B receptors. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that loss-of-function mutations in NPR3 result in increased NPR-A/B signaling activity and cause a phenotype marked by enhanced bone growth and cardiovascular abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Boudin
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tjeerd R de Jong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Isala Clinics, 8025 AB Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Tim C R Prickett
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaatje Toye
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viviane Van Hoof
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ilse Luyckx
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Hugo S A Heymans
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma's Children's Hospital - Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco Dulfer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lut Van Laer
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ian R Berry
- Leeds Genetics Laboratory, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Angus Dobbie
- Yorkshire Clinical Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Ed Blair
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Bart Loeys
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Eric A Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter Houpt
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Isala Clinics, 8025 AB Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Geert R Mortier
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Irfanullah, Zeb A, Shinwari N, Shah K, Gilani SZT, Khan S, Lee KW, Raza SI, Hussain S, Liaqat K, Ahmad W. Molecular and in silico analyses validates pathogenicity of homozygous mutations in the NPR2 gene underlying variable phenotypes of Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 102:76-86. [PMID: 30016695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous and/or heterozygous loss of function mutations in the natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR2) have been reported in causing acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux with variable clinical features and idiopathic short stature with nonspecific skeletal deformities. On the other hand, gain of function mutations in the same gene result in overgrowth disorder suggesting that NPR2 and its ligand, natriuretic peptide precursor C (CNP), are the key players of endochondral bone growth. However, the precise mechanism behind phenotypic variability of the NPR2 mutations is not fully understood so far. In the present study, three consanguineous families of Pakistani origin (A, B, C) with variable phenotypes of acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux were evaluated at clinical and molecular levels. Linkage analysis followed by Sanger sequencing of the NPR2 gene revealed three homozygous mutations including p.(Leu314 Arg), p.(Arg371*), and p.(Arg1032*) in family A, B and C, respectively. In silico structural and functional analyses substantiated that a novel missense mutation [p.(Leu314 Arg)] in family A allosterically affects binding of NPR2 homodimer to its ligand (CNP) which ultimately results in defective guanylate cyclase activity. A nonsense mutation [p.(Arg371*)] in family B entirely removed the transmembrane domain, protein kinase domain and guanylate cyclase domains of the NPR2 resulting in abolishing its guanylate cyclase activity. Another novel mutation [p.(Arg1032*)], found in family C, deteriorated the guanylate cyclase domain of the protein and probably plundered its guanylate cyclase activity. These results suggest that guanylate cyclase activity is the most critical function of the NPR2 and phenotypic severity of the NPR2 mutations is proportional to the reduction in its guanylate cyclase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Upper Dir, Pakistan
| | - Amir Zeb
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Naila Shinwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Zohaib Tayyab Gilani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Liaqat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides are structurally related, functionally diverse hormones. Circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are delivered predominantly by the heart. Two C-type natriuretic peptides (CNPs) are paracrine messengers, notably in bone, brain, and vessels. Natriuretic peptides act by binding to the extracellular domains of three receptors, NPR-A, NPR-B, and NPR-C of which the first two are guanylate cyclases. NPR-C is coupled to inhibitory proteins. Atrial wall stress is the major regulator of ANP secretion; however, atrial pressure changes plasma ANP only modestly and transiently, and the relation between plasma ANP and atrial wall tension (or extracellular volume or sodium intake) is weak. Absence and overexpression of ANP-related genes are associated with modest blood pressure changes. ANP augments vascular permeability and reduces vascular contractility, renin and aldosterone secretion, sympathetic nerve activity, and renal tubular sodium transport. Within the physiological range of plasma ANP, the responses to step-up changes are unimpressive; in man, the systemic physiological effects include diminution of renin secretion, aldosterone secretion, and cardiac preload. For BNP, the available evidence does not show that cardiac release to the blood is related to sodium homeostasis or body fluid control. CNPs are not circulating hormones, but primarily paracrine messengers important to ossification, nervous system development, and endothelial function. Normally, natriuretic peptides are not powerful natriuretic/diuretic hormones; common conclusions are not consistently supported by hard data. ANP may provide fine-tuning of reno-cardiovascular relationships, but seems, together with BNP, primarily involved in the regulation of cardiac performance and remodeling. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1211-1249, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ullah A, Umair M, Muhammad D, Bilal M, Lee K, Leal SM, Ahmad W. A novel homozygous variant in BMPR1B underlies acromesomelic dysplasia Hunter-Thompson type. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:129-134. [PMID: 29322508 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acromesomelic dysplasia is genetically heterogeneous group of skeletal disorders characterized by short stature and acromelia and mesomelia of limbs. Acromesomelic dysplasia segregates in an autosomal recessive pattern and is caused by biallelic sequence variants in three genes (NPR2, GDF5, and BMPR1B). A consanguineous family of Pakistani origin segregating a subtype of acromesomelic dysplasia called Hunter-Thompson was clinically and genetically evaluated. Genotyping of microsatellite markers and linkage analysis revealed a 7.78 Mb homozygous region on chromosome 4q22.3, which harbors BMPR1B. Sequence analysis of the gene revealed a novel homozygous missense variant (c.1190T > G, p.Met397Arg) that segregates with the disease phenotype within the family and produced a Logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 3.9 with the disease phenotype. This study reports on the first familial case of acromesomelic dysplasia Hunter-Thompson type. It is also the first report of BMPR1B underlying the etiology of acromesomelic dysplasia Hunter-Thompson type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Dost Muhammad
- Chandka Medical College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shuhaibar LC, Robinson JW, Vigone G, Shuhaibar NP, Egbert JR, Baena V, Uliasz TF, Kaback D, Yee SP, Feil R, Fisher MC, Dealy CN, Potter LR, Jaffe LA. Dephosphorylation of the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase contributes to inhibition of bone growth by fibroblast growth factor. eLife 2017; 6:31343. [PMID: 29199951 PMCID: PMC5745078 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 and inactivating mutations in the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase both cause severe short stature, but how these two signaling systems interact to regulate bone growth is poorly understood. Here, we show that bone elongation is increased when NPR2 cannot be dephosphorylated and thus produces more cyclic GMP. By developing an in vivo imaging system to measure cyclic GMP production in intact tibia, we show that FGF-induced dephosphorylation of NPR2 decreases its guanylyl cyclase activity in growth plate chondrocytes in living bone. The dephosphorylation requires a PPP-family phosphatase. Thus FGF signaling lowers cyclic GMP production in the growth plate, which counteracts bone elongation. These results define a new component of the signaling network by which activating mutations in the FGF receptor inhibit bone growth. Between birth and puberty, the bones of mammals grow drastically in length. This process is controlled by many proteins, and mutations affecting these proteins can cause bones to either be too long or too short. For example, mutations of a protein called the fibroblast growth factor receptor, or FGF for short, and a protein called NPR2, can cause similar forms of dwarfism – a condition characterized by short stature. The FGF protein controls bone growth, and people with overactive receptors for FGF suffer from a form of dwarfism known as achondroplasia, while people that lack FGF receptors have longer bones. The NPR2 protein, on the other hand, produces a molecule called cGMP, which is necessary for the bones to grow. When NPR2 is blocked, less cGMP is produced, which results in shorter limbs. Previous studies of bone cells grown in the laboratory have shown that these two proteins are linked by a chain of chemical messages. When the FGF receptor is active, phosphate molecules are removed from the NPR2 protein, which reduces the amount of GMP produced. However, until now it was not known whether this mechanism also controls growth in actual bones. Here, Shuhaibar et al. used genetically modified mice in which the phosphate group could not be removed from their NPR2 enzyme. As a result, the bones of these mice were longer than usual. Shuhaibar et al. then developed an imaging technique to examine the region in the bone were growth happens. To see whether FGF reduces the amount of cGMP produced by NPR2 in these areas, cGMP was detected with a fluorescent sensor in order to be tracked. In normal mice, the FGF receptor reduced the rate at which cGMP was produced, but in mice with mutated NPR2, this did not happen. When the cells could not remove the phosphates from NPR2, cGMP levels stayed high and the bones grew longer. These findings reveal new insights into the molecular causes of dwarfism. The next step will be to identify the enzyme responsible for removing phosphate from NPR2. Blocking its activity could help to enhance bone growth. In the future, this could lead to new drug treatments for achondroplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leia C Shuhaibar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Jerid W Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Giulia Vigone
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Ninna P Shuhaibar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Jeremy R Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Valentina Baena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Tracy F Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Deborah Kaback
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie C Fisher
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Caroline N Dealy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| | - Lincoln R Potter
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jaffe LA, Egbert JR. Regulation of Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis by Intercellular Communication Within the Ovarian Follicle. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:237-260. [PMID: 27860834 PMCID: PMC5305431 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic progression in mammalian preovulatory follicles is controlled by the granulosa cells around the oocyte. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) generated in the granulosa cells diffuses through gap junctions into the oocyte, maintaining meiotic prophase arrest. Luteinizing hormone then acts on receptors in outer granulosa cells to rapidly decrease cGMP. This occurs by two complementary pathways: cGMP production is decreased by dephosphorylation and inactivation of the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase, and cGMP hydrolysis is increased by activation of the PDE5 phosphodiesterase. The cGMP decrease in the granulosa cells results in rapid cGMP diffusion out of the oocyte, initiating meiotic resumption. Additional, more slowly developing mechanisms involving paracrine signaling by extracellular peptides (C-type natriuretic peptide and EGF receptor ligands) maintain the low level of cGMP in the oocyte. These coordinated signaling pathways ensure a fail-safe system to prepare the oocyte for fertilization and reproductive success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; ,
| | - Jeremy R Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; ,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
SRIVASTAVA PRIYANKA, TUTEJA MONI, DALAL ASHWIN, MANDAL KAUSIK, PHADKE SHUBHAR. Novel mutations in the transmembrane natriuretic peptide receptor NPR-B gene in four Indian families with acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux. J Genet 2016; 95:905-909. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Khan S, Basit S, Khan MA, Muhammad N, Ahmad W. Genetics of human isolated acromesomelic dysplasia. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
20
|
Dickey DM, Edmund AB, Otto NM, Chaffee TS, Robinson JW, Potter LR. Catalytically Active Guanylyl Cyclase B Requires Endoplasmic Reticulum-mediated Glycosylation, and Mutations That Inhibit This Process Cause Dwarfism. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11385-93. [PMID: 26980729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide activation of guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B), also known as natriuretic peptide receptor B or NPR2, stimulates long bone growth, and missense mutations in GC-B cause dwarfism. Four such mutants (L658F, Y708C, R776W, and G959A) bound (125)I-C-type natriuretic peptide on the surface of cells but failed to synthesize cGMP in membrane GC assays. Immunofluorescence microscopy also indicated that the mutant receptors were on the cell surface. All mutant proteins were dephosphorylated and incompletely glycosylated, but dephosphorylation did not explain the inactivation because the mutations inactivated a "constitutively phosphorylated" enzyme. Tunicamycin inhibition of glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum or mutation of the Asn-24 glycosylation site decreased GC activity, but neither inhibition of glycosylation in the Golgi by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I gene inactivation nor PNGase F deglycosylation of fully processed GC-B reduced GC activity. We conclude that endoplasmic reticulum-mediated glycosylation is required for the formation of an active catalytic, but not ligand-binding domain, and that mutations that inhibit this process cause dwarfism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Dickey
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and
| | - Aaron B Edmund
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and
| | - Neil M Otto
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and
| | - Thomas S Chaffee
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and
| | - Jerid W Robinson
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and
| | - Lincoln R Potter
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dickey DM, Edmond AB, Chaffee T, Potter LR. Catalytically active guanylyl cyclase-B requires glycosylation and mutations that inhibit this process cause dwarfism. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2015. [PMCID: PMC4565539 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-16-s1-a44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
22
|
Wang W, Song MH, Miura K, Fujiwara M, Nawa N, Ohata Y, Kitaoka T, Kubota T, Namba N, Jin DK, Kim OH, Ozono K, Cho TJ. Acromesomelic dysplasia, type maroteaux caused by novel loss-of-function mutations of the NPR2 gene: Three case reports. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:426-434. [PMID: 26567084 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)-natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) signaling pathway plays an important role in chondrocyte development. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations of the NPR2 gene cause acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux (AMDM). The aim of this study was to identify and characterize NPR2 loss-of-function mutations in patients with AMDM. The NPR2 gene was sequenced in three Korean patients with AMDM and functional analysis of the mutated proteins was performed in vitro. Five novel NPR2 mutations were found in the three patients: two compound heterozygous mutations [c.1231T>C (Tyr411His) and c.2761C>T (Arg921X) in Patient 1 and c.1663A>T (Lys555X) and c.1711-1G>C (M571VfsX12) in Patient 3] and a homozygous mutation [c.2762G>A (Arg921Gln) in Patient 2]. Serum NT-proCNP concentration was significantly increased in each patient compared to control subjects. Cells transfected with the expression vector of each mutant except those found in Patient 3 showed a negligible or a markedly low cGMP response after treatment with CNP. HA-tagged wild-type (wt) and HA-mutant NPR2 were expressed at comparable levels: there were two bands of ∼130 and ∼120 kDa in wt and Arg921Gln, a single ∼120 kDa band in Tyr411His, and a single ∼110 kDa in the nonsense mutant. With respect to subcellular localization, Arg921Gln as well as wt-NPR2 reached the cell surface, whereas Tyr411His and Arg921X mutants did not. The Tyr411His and Arg921X NPR2 proteins were co-localized with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker and failed to traffic from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. These results are consistent with deglycosylation experiments. Tyr411His and Arg921X NPR2 are complete loss-of-function mutations, whereas Arg921Gln behaves as a receptor for CNP with limited function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mi Hyun Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kohji Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ohata
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taichi Kitaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namba
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dong Kyu Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, Woorisoa Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vasques GA, Arnhold IJP, Jorge AAL. Role of the natriuretic peptide system in normal growth and growth disorders. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 82:222-9. [PMID: 25196103 DOI: 10.1159/000365049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and its receptor (NPR-B) are recognized as important regulators of longitudinal growth. Animal models involving CNP or NPR-B genes (Nppc or Npr2) support the fundamental role of CNP/NPR-B for endochondral ossification. Studies with these animals allow the development of potential drug therapies for dwarfism. Polymorphisms in two genes related to the CNP pathway have been implicated in height variability in healthy individuals. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in NPR-B gene (NPR2) cause acromesomelic dysplasia type Maroteux, a skeletal dysplasia with extremely short stature. Heterozygous mutations in NPR2 are responsible for nonsyndromic familial short stature. Conversely, heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in NPR2 cause tall stature, with a variable phenotype. A phase 2 multicenter and multinational trial is being developed to evaluate a CNP analog treatment for achondroplasia. Pediatricians and endocrinologists must be aware of growth disorders related to natriuretic peptides, although there is still much to be learned about its diagnostic and therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Vasques
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Irfanullah, Umair M, Khan S, Ahmad W. Homozygous Sequence Variants in theNPR2Gene Underlying Acromesomelic Dysplasia Maroteaux Type (AMDM) in Consanguineous Families. Ann Hum Genet 2015; 79:238-44. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad; Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad; Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science & Technology; Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad; Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Peake NJ, Hobbs AJ, Pingguan-Murphy B, Salter DM, Berenbaum F, Chowdhury TT. Role of C-type natriuretic peptide signalling in maintaining cartilage and bone function. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1800-7. [PMID: 25086404 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has been demonstrated in human and mouse models to play critical roles in cartilage homeostasis and endochondral bone formation. Indeed, targeted inactivation of the genes encoding CNP results in severe dwarfism and skeletal defects with a reduction in growth plate chondrocytes. Conversely, cartilage-specific overexpression of CNP was observed to rescue the phenotype of CNP deficient mice and significantly enhanced bone growth caused by growth plate expansion. In vitro studies reported that exogenous CNP influenced chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation and matrix synthesis with the response dependent on CNP concentration. The chondroprotective effects were shown to be mediated by natriuretic peptide receptor (Npr)2 and enhanced synthesis of cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) production. Recent studies also showed certain homeostatic effects of CNP are mediated by the clearance inactivation receptor, Npr3, highlighting several mechanisms in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, the CNP signalling systems are complex and influenced by multiple factors that will lead to altered signalling and tissue dysfunction. This review will discuss the differential role of CNP signalling in regulating cartilage and bone homeostasis and how the pathways are influenced by age, inflammation or sex. Evidence indicates that enhanced CNP signalling may prevent growth retardation and protect cartilage in patients with inflammatory joint disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Peake
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - A J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - B Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D M Salter
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crew Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - F Berenbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 938, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Department of Rheumatology and DHU i2B, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - T T Chowdhury
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Robinson JW, Dickey DM, Miura K, Michigami T, Ozono K, Potter LR. A human skeletal overgrowth mutation increases maximal velocity and blocks desensitization of guanylyl cyclase-B. Bone 2013; 56:375-82. [PMID: 23827346 PMCID: PMC4413012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) increases long bone growth by stimulating guanylyl cyclase (GC)-B/NPR-B/NPR2. Recently, a Val to Met missense mutation at position 883 in the catalytic domain of GC-B was identified in humans with increased blood cGMP levels that cause abnormally long bones. Here, we determined how this mutation activates GC-B. In the absence of CNP, cGMP levels in cells expressing V883M-GC-B were increased more than 20 fold compared to cells expressing wild-type (WT)-GC-B, and the addition of CNP only further increased cGMP levels 2-fold. In the absence of CNP, maximal enzymatic activity (Vmax) of V883M-GC-B was increased 15-fold compared to WT-GC-B but the affinity of the enzymes for substrate as revealed by the Michaelis constant (Km) was unaffected. Surprisingly, CNP decreased the Km of V883M-GC-B 10-fold in a concentration-dependent manner without increasing Vmax. Unlike the WT enzyme the Km reduction of V883M-GC-B did not require ATP. Unexpectedly, V883M-GC-B, but not WT-GC-B, failed to inactivate with time. Phosphorylation elevated but was not required for the activity increase associated with the mutation because the Val to Met substitution also activated a GC-B mutant lacking all known phosphorylation sites. We conclude that the V883M mutation increases maximal velocity in the absence of CNP, eliminates the requirement for ATP in the CNP-dependent Km reduction, and disrupts the normal inactivation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerid W. Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Deborah M. Dickey
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kohji Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lincoln R. Potter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Corresponding author at: University of Minnesota — Twin Cities, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Fax: +1 612 624 7282. (L.R. Potter)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Geister KA, Brinkmeier ML, Hsieh M, Faust SM, Karolyi IJ, Perosky JE, Kozloff KM, Conti M, Camper SA. A novel loss-of-function mutation in Npr2 clarifies primary role in female reproduction and reveals a potential therapy for acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux type. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 22:345-57. [PMID: 23065701 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We discovered a new spontaneous mutant allele of Npr2 named peewee (pwe) that exhibits severe disproportionate dwarfism and female infertility. The pwe phenotype is caused by a four base-pair deletion in exon 3 that generates a premature stop codon at codon 313 (L313X). The Npr2(pwe/pwe) mouse is a model for the human skeletal dysplasia acromesomelic dysplasia, Maroteaux type (AMDM). We conducted a thorough analysis of the female reproductive tract and report that the primary cause of Npr2(pwe/pwe) female infertility is premature oocyte meiotic resumption, while the pituitary and uterus appear to be normal. Npr2 is expressed in chondrocytes and osteoblasts. We determined that the loss of Npr2 causes a reduction in the hypertrophic and proliferative zones of the growth plate, but mineralization of skeletal elements is normal. Mutant tibiae have increased levels of the activated form of ERK1/2, consistent with the idea that natriuretic peptide receptor type 2 (NPR2) signaling inhibits the activation of the MEK/ERK mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. Treatment of fetal tibiae explants with mitogen activated protein kinase 1 and 2 inhibitors U0126 and PD325901 rescues the Npr2(pwe/pwe) growth defect, providing a promising foundation for skeletal dysplasia therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Geister
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ter-Avetisyan G, Tröster P, Schmidt H, Rathjen FG. cGMP signaling and branching of sensory axons in the spinal cord. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Axonal branching is essential for neurons to establish contacts to different targets. It therefore provides the physical basis for the integration and distribution of information within the nervous system. During embryonic and early postnatal development, several axonal branching modes may be distinguished that might be regulated by activities of the growth cone or by the axon shaft. The various forms of axonal branching are dependent on intrinsic components and are regulated by extrinsic factors that activate specific signaling systems. This article focuses on components implicated in cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling that regulate axon bifurcation – a specific form of branching – within the spinal cord in animal models. This cascade is composed of the ligand CNP, the guanylyl cyclase Npr2 and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent kinase I. In the absence of one of these components, axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons do not form T-shaped branches when entering the spinal cord, while collateral (interstitial) branching, another branching mode of the same type of the neuron, is not affected. It will be important to analyze human patients with mutations in the corresponding genes to get insights into the pathophysiological effects of impaired sensory axon branching in the spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Ter-Avetisyan
- MaxDelbrück Center of Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Tröster
- MaxDelbrück Center of Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- MaxDelbrück Center of Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz G Rathjen
- MaxDelbrück Center of Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|