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Torriano S, Baulier E, Garcia Diaz A, Corneo B, Farber DB. CRISPR-AsCas12a Efficiently Corrects a GPR143 Intronic Mutation in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from an Ocular Albinism Patient. CRISPR J 2022; 5:457-471. [PMID: 35686978 PMCID: PMC9233509 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GPR143 gene cause X-linked ocular albinism type 1 (OA1), a disease that severely impairs vision. We recently generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from skin fibroblasts of an OA1 patient carrying a point mutation in intron 7 of GPR143. This mutation activates a new splice site causing the incorporation of a pseudoexon. In this study, we present a high-performance CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoprotein strategy to permanently correct the GPR143 mutation in these patient-derived iPSCs. Interestingly, the two single-guide RNAs available for SpCas9 did not allow the cleavage of the target region. In contrast, the cleavage achieved with the CRISPR-AsCas12a system promoted homology-directed repair at a high rate. The CRISPR-AsCas12a-mediated correction did not alter iPSC pluripotency or genetic stability, nor did it result in off-target events. Moreover, we highlight that the disruption of the pathological splice site caused by CRISPR-AsCas12a-mediated insertions/deletions also rescued the normal splicing of GPR143 and its expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Torriano
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edouard Baulier
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia Diaz
- Stem Cell Core, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Corneo
- Stem Cell Core, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Debora B Farber
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute and UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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2
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Aamir A, Kuht HJ, Grønskov K, Brooks BP, Thomas MG. Clinical utility gene card for oculocutaneous (OCA) and ocular albinism (OA)-an update. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1577-1583. [PMID: 33504991 PMCID: PMC8484472 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aamir
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Helen J Kuht
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Rigshospitalet, Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mervyn G Thomas
- The University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, RKCSB, PO Box 65, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
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Schöneberg T, Liebscher I. Mutations in G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:89-119. [PMID: 33219147 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are approximately 800 annotated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes, making these membrane receptors members of the most abundant gene family in the human genome. Besides being involved in manifold physiologic functions and serving as important pharmacotherapeutic targets, mutations in 55 GPCR genes cause about 66 inherited monogenic diseases in humans. Alterations of nine GPCR genes are causatively involved in inherited digenic diseases. In addition to classic gain- and loss-of-function variants, other aspects, such as biased signaling, trans-signaling, ectopic expression, allele variants of GPCRs, pseudogenes, gene fusion, and gene dosage, contribute to the repertoire of GPCR dysfunctions. However, the spectrum of alterations and GPCR involvement is probably much larger because an additional 91 GPCR genes contain homozygous or hemizygous loss-of-function mutations in human individuals with currently unidentified phenotypes. This review highlights the complexity of genomic alteration of GPCR genes as well as their functional consequences and discusses derived therapeutic approaches. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: With the advent of new transgenic and sequencing technologies, the number of monogenic diseases related to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mutants has significantly increased, and our understanding of the functional impact of certain kinds of mutations has substantially improved. Besides the classical gain- and loss-of-function alterations, additional aspects, such as biased signaling, trans-signaling, ectopic expression, allele variants of GPCRs, uniparental disomy, pseudogenes, gene fusion, and gene dosage, need to be elaborated in light of GPCR dysfunctions and possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Clinical evaluation and molecular screening of a large consecutive series of albino patients. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:277-290. [PMID: 27734839 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is characterized by hypopigmentation of the skin, hair and eye, and by ophthalmologic abnormalities caused by a deficiency in melanin biosynthesis. In this study we recruited 321 albino patients and screened them for the genes known to cause oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1-4 and OCA6) and ocular albinism (OA1). Our purpose was to detect mutations and genetic frequencies of the main causative genes, offering to albino patients an exhaustive diagnostic assessment within a multidisciplinary approach including ophthalmological, dermatological, audiological and genetic evaluations. We report 70 novel mutations and the frequencies of the major causative OCA genes that are as follows: TYR (44%), OCA2 (17%), TYRP1 (1%), SLC45A2 (7%) and SLC24A5 (<0.5%). An additional 5% of patients had GPR143 mutations. In 19% of cases, a second reliable mutation was not detected, whereas 7% of our patients remain still molecularly undiagnosed. This comprehensive study of a consecutive series of OCA/OA1 patients allowed us to perform a clinical evaluation of the different OCA forms.
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Pan Q, Yi C, Xu T, Liu J, Jing X, Hu B, Wang Y. A novel mutation, c.494C>A (p.Ala165Asp), in the GPR143 gene causes a mild phenotype in a Chinese X-linked ocular albinism patient. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:417-8. [PMID: 26547501 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Pan
- Department of Medical Genetics; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
- Center for Genome Research; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Changxian Yi
- Ophthalmology Center; Eye Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health; Chinese Academy of Science; Guangzhou China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health; Chinese Academy of Science; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiangyi Jing
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
- Center for Genome Research; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Center for Genome Research; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
- Beijing Genomics Institute in Shenzhen; Shenzhen China
- Xinhua College; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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6
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Yan N, Liao X, Cai SP, Lan C, Wang Y, Zhou X, Yin Y, Yu W, Liu X. A novel nonsense mutation of the GPR143 gene identified in a Chinese pedigree with ocular albinism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43177. [PMID: 22916221 PMCID: PMC3423421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular basis of ocular albinism type I in a Chinese pedigree. Methodology/Principal Findings Complete ophthalmologic examinations were performed on 4 patients, 7 carriers and 17 unaffected individuals in this five-generation family. All coding exons of four-point-one (4.1), ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain-containing 7 (FRMD7) and G protein-coupled receptor 143 (GPR143) genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced and compared with a reference database. Ocular albinism and nystagmus were found in all patients of this family. Macular hypoplasia was present in the patients including the proband. A novel nonsense hemizygous mutation c.807T>A in the GPR143 gene was identified in four patients and the heterozygous mutation was found in seven asymptomatic individuals. This mutation is a substitution of tyrosine for adenine which leads to a premature stop codon at position 269 (p.Y269X) of GPR143. Conclusions/Significance This is the first report that p.Y269X mutation of GPR143 gene is responsible for the pathogenesis of familial ocular albinism. These results expand the mutation spectrum of GPR143, and demonstrate the clinical characteristics of ocular albinism type I in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ophthalmic Laboratories, Department of Ophthalmology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ophthalmic Laboratories, Department of Ophthalmology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su-ping Cai
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changjun Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ophthalmic Laboratories, Department of Ophthalmology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ophthalmic Laboratories, Department of Ophthalmology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ophthalmic Laboratories, Department of Ophthalmology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Ophthalmic Laboratories, Department of Ophthalmology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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7
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Micale L, Augello B, Fusco C, Turturo MG, Granatiero M, Piemontese MR, Zelante L, Cecconi A, Merla G. GPR143 mutational analysis in two Italian families with X-linked ocular albinism. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:527-31. [PMID: 19604113 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is caused by mutations in G protein-coupled receptor 143 (GPR143) gene, which encodes a membrane glycoprotein localized to melanosomes. GPR143 mainly affects pigment production in the eye, resulting in optic changes associated with albinism, including hypopigmentation of the retina, nystagmus, strabismus, foveal hypoplasia, abnormal crossing of the optic fibers, and reduced visual acuity. We report the mutational analysis of the GPR143 gene on two unrelated families with OA1 using direct sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We identified the c.564_565delCT, a 2-bp deletion in family 1, and we mapped the breakpoints at nucleotide level of the novel intragenic deletion g.5360_6371del1012, encompassing exon 2, in family 2. Our results confirm that GPR143 is the major locus for OA1 and that exon 2 is a region of high susceptibility to deletions. Finally, we emphasize the quantitative polymerase chain reaction as a valid tool for diagnosis of deletions in the GPR143 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Micale
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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8
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Wang Y, Guo X, Wei A, Zhu W, Li W, Lian S. Identification of a novel mutation in a Chinese family with X-linked ocular albinism. Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19:124-8. [PMID: 19123159 DOI: 10.1177/112067210901900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the GPR143 gene (G-protein coupled receptor 143) in a Chinese three-generation family with OA1, including four carriers and a proband with clinical features of X-linked ocular albinism. METHODS The proband underwent a detailed ophthalmologic evaluation. Blood samples of family members were obtained and genomic DNA isolated. Mutational analysis by SSCP and direct sequencing of the GPR143 gene was used to screen all nine exons including the intron/exon junctions. The novel mutation c.943G>T (p.G315X) found in the study was confirmed by DHPLC to exclude the possibility of polymorphism. RESULTS Ophthalmic features of the proband were characteristic of X-linked ocular albinism. The authors identified a novel nonsense mutation p.G315X on exon 8 that was not found in 100 non-albinism subjects by DHPLC. This novel mutation in the GPR143 gene is predicted to subject to nonsense mediated decay. CONCLUSIONS The novel mutation p.G315X in the OA1 gene was identified in a Chinese family with ocular albinism, which is predicted to generate a premature stop codon. These findings extend the mutational spectrum of GPR143 gene and will be useful for gene diagnosis and genetic counseling in Chinese OA1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Peng Y, Meng Y, Wang Z, Qin M, Li X, Dian Y, Huang S. A novel GPR143 duplication mutation in a Chinese family with X-linked congenital nystagmus. Mol Vis 2009; 15:810-4. [PMID: 19390656 PMCID: PMC2671585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the molecular genetic defect of X-linked congenital nystagmus in a Chinese family. METHODS Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood. We used allele-sharing analysis to identify the possible locus harboring the disease-causing gene. We screened for mutations in the G protein-coupled receptor 143 gene (GPR143) by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified exons. RESULTS In analyzing the candidate gene, GPR143, in the linked region, a 19 base pair (bp) duplication mutation in exon 1 was detected after direct DNA sequence analysis, which cosegregated in all patients of this family and was present in obligate female carriers. CONCLUSIONS The identified 19 bp duplication in GPR143 induces a frame-shift and a premature stop codon, resulting in a truncated protein of 105 residues. These results suggest that this novel mutation is associated with the congenital nystagmus observed in this Chinese family and further support that GPR143 mutations are the underlying pathogenesis of the molecular mechanism for congenital nystagmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Dian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Beijing, China
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Fang S, Guo X, Jia X, Xiao X, Li S, Zhang Q. Novel GPR143 mutations and clinical characteristics in six Chinese families with X-linked ocular albinism. Mol Vis 2008; 14:1974-82. [PMID: 18978956 PMCID: PMC2576482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There are few genetic studies and clinical descriptions of Asian patients with X-linked ocular albinism (OA1). In the present study, the mutation analysis of G protein-coupled receptor 143 gene (GPR143) and clinical characteristics were assessed in Chinese patients with OA1. METHODS Six families with OA1 were recruited from our pediatric and genetic eye clinic. Genomic DNA was prepared from venous leukocytes. The coding regions of GPR143 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and subsequently analyzed by direct sequencing. The variations detected were further evaluated in available family members as well as controls. RESULTS Mutations in GPR143 were identified in each of the six families: c.849delT (p.Val284SerfsX15); c.238_240delCTC (p.Leu80del); c.658+1G>A, c.353G>A (p.Gly118Glu); g.1103_7266del6164 (p.Gly84AlafsX65), which resulted in a deletion of exons 2 and 3; and g.25985_26546del562 (p.Gly296ValfsX26), which resulted in a deletion of exon 8. Of these six, c.353G>A is a known mutation, while the other five are novel. All affected patients had nystagmus, poor visual acuity, and foveal hypoplasia. However, hypopigmentation of the iris and fundus was very mild in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Five novel mutations and one known mutation were identified in six Chinese families with OA1. These results expand the mutation spectrum of GPR143, and demonstrate the clinical characteristics of OA1 among the Chinese.
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11
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Zhou P, Wang Z, Zhang J, Hu L, Kong X. Identification of a novel GPR143 deletion in a Chinese family with X-linked congenital nystagmus. Mol Vis 2008; 14:1015-9. [PMID: 18523664 PMCID: PMC2408774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To map and identify the genetic mutation underlying X-linked congenital nystagmus in a Chinese family. METHODS Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood, and linkage analysis was performed using short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphism markers. We used Cyrillic software to manage pedigree and haplotype data and used MLINK to calculate LOD scores. Dye-terminator cycle-sequencing was used to detect the sequence variation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified exons. RESULTS Linkage analysis mapped the disease-causing gene to Xp22.3 with a significant two-point LOD score (Z) at marker DXS7103 (Z=3.16, recombination fraction [theta]=0). Haplotype analysis in this region supported the result. In analyzing the candidate gene in the linked region, we found a 37-bp deletion in exon 1 of GPR143 in all male patients. CONCLUSIONS The revealed 37-bp deletion in GPR143 is frameshift and is predicted to result in a truncated protein of 93 residues. These results indicate that this novel GPR143 mutation is associated with the congenital nystagmus observed in this Chinese family.
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12
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Liu JY, Ren X, Yang X, Guo T, Yao Q, Li L, Dai X, Zhang M, Wang L, Liu M, Wang QK. Identification of a novel GPR143 mutation in a large Chinese family with congenital nystagmus as the most prominent and consistent manifestation. J Hum Genet 2007; 52:565-570. [PMID: 17516023 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital nystagmus is characterized by involuntary, rhythmical, repeated oscillations of one or both eyes. We studied a large Chinese family with nystagmus as a prominent and consistent manifestation phenotype in nine patients to map and identify a disease-causing gene for nystagmus. X-linked recessive inheritance was observed in the family, and foveal hypoplasia was detected in some of the nine patients. The disease gene was mapped to an approximately 10.6 Mb region flanked by DXS996 and DXS7593 on Xp22 with a significant peak multipoint LOD score. Analysis of 21 candidate genes in the region revealed a novel p.S89F mutation in the second transmembrane domain of GPR143, a G protein-coupled receptor which causes ocular albinism when mutated. All male patients in the family were hemizygous for the mutation; the female carriers were heterozygous for the mutation. The p.S89F mutation was not identified in 100 normal females or 100 normal males. Our results indicate that a mutation in the GPR143 gene can cause a variant form of ocular albinism, with congenital nystagmus as the most prominent and only consistent finding in all patients in this Chinese family. These results expand the spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with GPR143 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu Liu
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Yang
- Development of Proof-Testing, Renmin Hospital of Tanghe, Tanghe, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangying Guo
- Development of Proof-Testing, Renmin Hospital of Tanghe, Tanghe, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yao
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic/NE40, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiaohua Dai
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lejin Wang
- Eye Center, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing K Wang
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic/NE40, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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