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Khvatkov P, Dolgov S. Using Mathematical Optimization Models to Improve the Efficiency of Duckweeds (Wolffia arrhiza and Lemna minor) Micropropagation. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2827:85-98. [PMID: 38985264 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3954-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The method of plant micropropagation is widely used to obtain genetically homogeneous and infection-free plants for the needs of various industries and agriculture. Optimization of plant growth and development conditions plays a key role in economically successful micropropagation. Computer technologies have provided researchers with new approaches for modeling and a better understanding of the role of the factors involved in plant growth in vitro. To develop new models for optimizing growth conditions, we used plants with a high speed of vegetative in vitro reproduction, such as duckweed (Wolffia arrhiza and Lemna minor). Using the development of the optimal modeling of the biological processes, we have obtained the prescriptions for an individually balanced culture medium that enabled us to obtain 1.5-2.0 times more duckweed biomass with a 1.5 times higher protein concentration in the dry mass. Thus, we have demonstrated that the method of optimization modeling of the biological processes based on solving multinomial tasks from the series of quadratic equations can be used for the optimization of trophic needs of plants, specifically for micropropagation of duckweeds in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Dolgov
- Nikita Botanical Gardens, Yalta, Russia
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Puschino, Russia
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Bauer-Smith H, Sudol ASL, Beers SA, Crispin M. Serum immunoglobulin and the threshold of Fc receptor-mediated immune activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130448. [PMID: 37652365 PMCID: PMC11032748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies can mediate immune recruitment or clearance of immune complexes through the interaction of their Fc domain with cellular Fc receptors. Clustering of antibodies is a key step in generating sufficient avidity for efficacious receptor recognition. However, Fc receptors may be saturated with prevailing, endogenous serum immunoglobulin and this raises the threshold by which cellular receptors can be productively engaged. Here, we review the factors controlling serum IgG levels in both healthy and disease states, and discuss how the presence of endogenous IgG is encoded into the functional activation thresholds for low- and high-affinity Fc receptors. We discuss the circumstances where antibody engineering can help overcome these physiological limitations of therapeutic antibodies. Finally, we discuss how the pharmacological control of Fc receptor saturation by endogenous IgG is emerging as a feasible mechanism for the enhancement of antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Bauer-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Abigail S L Sudol
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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3
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XU L, YANG G, SONG B, CHEN D, YUNUS A, CHEN J, YANG X, TIAN Z. Ribosomal protein L8 regulates the expression and splicing pattern of genes associated with cancer-related pathways. Turk J Biol 2023; 47:313-324. [PMID: 38155938 PMCID: PMC10752374 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0152.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Ribosomal proteins have been shown to perform unique extraribosomal functions in cell apoptosis and other biological processes. Ribosomal protein L8 (RPL8) not only has important nonribosomal regulatory functions but also participates in the oncogenesis and development of tumors. However, the specific biological functions and pathways involved in this process are still unknown. Materials and methods RPL8 was overexpressed (RPL8-OE) in HeLa cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) by RPL8-OE, both of which were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Results RPL8-OE inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. RPL8 regulated the differential expression of many oncogenic genes and the occurrence of RASEs. Many DEGs and RASE genes (RASGs) were enriched in tumorigenesis and tumor progression-related pathways, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and regulation of cell proliferation. RPL8 could regulate the RASGs enriched in the negative regulation of apoptosis, consistent with its proapoptosis function. Furthermore, RPL8 may influence cancer-related DEGs by modulating the alternative splicing of transcription factors. Conclusion RPL8 might affect the phenotypes of cancer cells by altering the transcriptome profiles, including gene expression and splicing, which provides novel insights into the biological functions of RPL8 in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei XU
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Gui YANG
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Bin SONG
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China
| | - Dong CHEN
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei,
P.R. China
| | - Akbar YUNUS
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao CHEN
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang YANG
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
| | - Zheng TIAN
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang,
P.R. China
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Fu T, Zhang L, Zuo M, Li F, Shi C, Chen H. FCGR2A as one novel potential target for poor survival prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33324. [PMID: 36930102 PMCID: PMC10019103 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma. Immunoglobulin FcγRIIa receptor (FCGR2A) has been implicated in various cancers, however, its role on ccRCC is not well studied. A total of 151 patients with ccRCC were recruited for the study. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to calculate the hazard radios of FCGR2A expression and tumor characteristics. Pathological changes associated with ccRCC in tumor tissue sections were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the protein expression of FCGR2A in the tissue sections. Correlation between the expression of FCGR2A and the overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients was analyzed by biological process neural network and support vector machine. The expression of FCGR2A was significantly correlated with the TNM of tumor, family history of ccRCC and Fuhrman stage of ccRCC. Patients with high FCGR2A expression in the tumor tissue, had poorer OS than the patients with low and moderate FCGR2A expression. The Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that FCGR2A can be used as a sensitive and specific biomarker for the diagnosis of ccRCC. Western blotting revealed that the FCGR2A was expressed at higher levels in the ccRCC tissues. Biological process neural network and support vector machine fitting showed that the R2 between FCGR2A and survival time of ccRCC patients was 0.8429 and 0.7669, respectively. FCGR2A is highly expressed in ccRCC, higher expression of FCGR2A is associated with poorer OS of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taozhu Fu
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Feng Tai District, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Feng Tai District, Beijing, China
| | - Meini Zuo
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Feng Tai District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Changjin Shi
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongrun Chen
- Department of Urology, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Feng Tai District, Beijing, China
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Pharmacogenetics Role of Genetic Variants in Immune-Related Factors: A Systematic Review Focusing on mCRC. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112468. [PMID: 36432658 PMCID: PMC9693433 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics plays a key role in personalized cancer treatment. Currently, the clinically available pharmacogenetic markers for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are in genes related to drug metabolism, such as DPYD for fluoropyrimidines and UGT1A1 for irinotecan. Recently, the impact of host variability in inflammatory and immune-response genes on treatment response has gained considerable attention, opening innovative perspectives for optimizing tailored mCRC therapy. A literature review was performed on the predictive role of immune-related germline genetic biomarkers on pharmacological outcomes in patients with mCRC. Particularly, that for efficacy and toxicity was reported and the potential role for clinical management of patients was discussed. Most of the available data regard therapy effectiveness, while the impact on toxicity remains limited. Several studies focused on the effects of polymorphisms in genes related to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (FCGR2A, FCGR3A) and yielded promising but inconclusive results on cetuximab efficacy. The remaining published data are sparse and mainly hypothesis-generating but suggest potentially interesting topics for future pharmacogenetic studies, including innovative gene-drug interactions in a clinical context. Besides the tumor immune escape pathway, genetic markers belonging to cytokines/interleukins (IL-8 and its receptors) and angiogenic mediators (IGF1) seem to be the best investigated and hopefully most promising to be translated into clinical practice after validation.
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Bignucolo A, Scarabel L, Toffoli G, Cecchin E, De Mattia E. Predicting drug response and toxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer: the role of germline markers. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:689-713. [PMID: 35829762 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the introduction of targeted agents leading to therapeutic advances, clinical management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is still challenged by significant interindividual variability in treatment outcomes, both in terms of toxicity and therapy efficacy. The study of germline genetic variants could help to personalize and optimize therapeutic approaches in mCRC. AREAS COVERED A systematic review of pharmacogenetic studies in mCRC patients published on PubMed between 2011 and 2021, evaluating the role of germline variants as predictive markers of toxicity and efficacy of drugs currently approved for treatment of mCRC, was perfomed. EXPERT OPINION Despite the large amount of pharmacogenetic data published to date, only a few genetic markers (i.e., DPYD and UGT1A1 variants) reached the clinical practice, mainly to prevent the toxic effects of chemotherapy. The large heterogeneity of available studies represents the major limitation in comparing results and identifying potential markers for clinical use, the role of which remains exploratory in most cases. However, the available published findings are an important starting point for future investigations. They highlighted new promising pharmacogenetic markers within the network of inflammatory and immune response signaling. In addition, the emerging role of previously overlooked rare variants has been pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bignucolo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Lucia Scarabel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
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Patel H, Wu ZX, Chen Y, Bo L, Chen ZS. Drug resistance: from bacteria to cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:27. [PMID: 35006446 PMCID: PMC8607383 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of drug resistance has been a hindrance to therapeutic medicine since the late 1940s. There is a plethora of factors and mechanisms contributing to progression of drug resistance. From prokaryotes to complex cancers, drug resistance is a prevailing issue in clinical medicine. Although there are numerous factors causing and influencing the phenomenon of drug resistance, cellular transporters contribute to a noticeable majority. Efflux transporters form a huge family of proteins and are found in a vast number of species spanning from prokaryotes to complex organisms such as humans. During the last couple of decades, various approaches in analyses of biochemistry and pharmacology of transporters have led us to understand much more about drug resistance. In this review, we have discussed the structure, function, potential causes, and mechanisms of multidrug resistance in bacteria as well as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yanglu Chen
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Letao Bo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, 11439, USA.
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Kim J, Lee JY, Kim HG, Kwak MW, Kang TH. Fc Receptor Variants and Disease: A Crucial Factor to Consider in the Antibody Therapeutics in Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9489. [PMID: 34502398 PMCID: PMC8431278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of antibodies is responsible for their protective function and long-lasting serum half-life via Fc-mediated effector function, transcytosis, and recycling through its interaction with Fc receptors (FcRs) expressed on various immune leukocytes, epithelial, and endothelial cells. Therefore, the Fc-FcRs interaction is a control point of both endogenous and therapeutic antibody function. There are a number of reported genetic variants of FcRs, which include polymorphisms in (i) extracellular domain of FcRs, which change their affinities to Fc domain of antibodies; (ii) both cytoplasmic and intracellular domain, which alters the extent of signal transduction; and (iii) the promoter region of the FcRs gene, which affects the expression level of FcRs, thus being associated with the pathogenesis of disease indications. In this review, we firstly describe the correlation between the genetic variants of FcRs and immunological disorders by individual differences in the extent of FcRs-mediated regulations. Secondly, we discuss the influence of the genetic variants of FcRs on the susceptibility to infectious diseases or cancer in the perspective of FcRs-induced effector functions. Overall, we concluded that the genetic variants of FcRs are one of the key elements in the design of antibody therapeutics due to their variety of clinical outcomes among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program for Bio-Health Convergence, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
| | - Han Gil Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.K.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Min Woo Kwak
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.K.); (M.W.K.)
| | - Tae Hyun Kang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program for Bio-Health Convergence, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea;
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.K.); (M.W.K.)
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Zhao X, Li H, Lyu S, Zhai J, Ji Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang H, Xu J, Fan H, Kou J, Li L, Lang R, He Q. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals heterogeneous progression and EGFR activation in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2590-2605. [PMID: 34326696 PMCID: PMC8315026 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) — a rare pathological pancreatic cancer (PC) type — has a poor prognosis due to high malignancy. To examine the heterogeneity of PASC, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiling with sample tissues from a healthy donor pancreas, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and a patient with PASC. Of 9,887 individual cells, ten cell subpopulations were identified, including myeloid, immune, ductal, fibroblast, acinar, stellate, endothelial, and cancer cells. Cancer cells were divided into five clusters. Notably, cluster 1 exhibited stem-like phenotypes expressing UBE2C, ASPM, and TOP2A. We found that S100A2 is a potential biomarker for cancer cells. LGALS1, NPM1, RACK1, and PERP were upregulated from ductal to cancer cells. Furthermore, the copy number variations in ductal and cancer cells were greater than in the reference cells. The expression of EREG, FCGR2A, CCL4L2, and CTSC increased in myeloid cells from the normal pancreas to PASC. The gene sets expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts were enriched in the immunosuppressive pathways. We demonstrate that EGFR-associated ligand-receptor pairs are activated in ductal-stromal cell communications. Hence, this study revealed the heterogeneous variations of ductal and stromal cells, defined cancer-associated signaling pathways, and deciphered intercellular interactions following PASC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shaocheng Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jialei Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhiwei Ji
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- School of Information Management and Statistics, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China
| | - Xinxue Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Junming Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jiantao Kou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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10
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De Mattia E, Bignucolo A, Toffoli G, Cecchin E. Genetic Markers of the Host to Predict the Efficacy of Colorectal Cancer Targeted Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4249-4273. [PMID: 31298142 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712151417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of anti-EGFR (cetuximab and panitumumab) and antiangiogenic (bevacizumab, regorafeninb, ramucirumab, and aflibercept) agents in the therapeutic armamentarium of the metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy and patients survival. However, despite the great improvements achieved in the patients life expectation, the high inter-individual heterogeneity in the response to the targeted agents still represent an issue for the management of advanced CRC patients. Even if the role of tumor genetic mutations as predictive markers of drug efficacy has been well-established, the contribution of the host genetic markers is still controversial. Promising results regard the germ-line immune-profile, inflammation and tumor microenvironment. Inherent variations in KRAS 3'UTR region as well as EGF/ EGFR genes were investigated as markers of cetuximab effectiveness. More recently interesting data in the field of anti- EGFR agents were generated also for germ-line variants in genes involved in inflammation (e.g. COX-2, LIFR, IGF1 signaling), immune system (e.g., FCGRs, IL-1RA), and other players of the RAS signaling, including the Hippo pathway related genes (e.g. Rassf, YAP, TAZ). Host genetic variants in VEGF-dependent (i.e., EGF, IGF-1, HIF1α, eNOS, iNOS) and -independent (i.e., EMT cascade, EGFL7) pathways, with specific attention on inflammation and immune system-related factors (e.g., IL-8, CXCR-1/2, CXCR4-CXCL12 axis, TLRs, GADD34, PPP1R15A, ANXA11, MKNK1), were investigated as predictive markers of bevacizumab outcome, generating some promising results. In this review, we aimed to summarize the most recent literature data regarding the potential role of common and rare inhered variants in predicting which CRC patients will benefit more from a specifically targeted drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Mattia
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, "Centro di Riferimento Oncologico"- National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Alessia Bignucolo
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, "Centro di Riferimento Oncologico"- National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, "Centro di Riferimento Oncologico"- National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, "Centro di Riferimento Oncologico"- National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
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11
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Li M, Jin X, Li H, Wu G, Wang S, Yang C, Deng S. Key genes with prognostic values in suppression of osteosarcoma metastasis using comprehensive analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:65. [PMID: 31992246 PMCID: PMC6988291 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue, with a poor distant metastasis prognosis. The molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma metastasis are extremely complicated. METHODS A public data series (GSE21257) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in osteosarcoma patients that did, or did not, develop metastases. Functional enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction network, and survival analysis of DEGs were performed. DEGs with a prognostic value were considered as candidate genes and their functional predictions, different expression in normal and malignant tissues, and immune infiltration were analyzed. RESULTS The DEGs were mainly enriched in the immune response. Three candidate genes (ALOX5AP, CD74, and FCGR2A) were found, all of which were expressed at higher levels in lungs and lymph nodes than in matched cancer tissues and were probably expressed in the microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Candidate genes can help us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma metastasis and provide targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Caihong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Sisi Deng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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12
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Fu L, Cheng Z, Dong F, Quan L, Cui L, Liu Y, Zeng T, Huang W, Chen J, Pang Y, Ye X, Wu G, Qian T, Chen Y, Si C. Enhanced expression of FCER1G predicts positive prognosis in multiple myeloma. J Cancer 2020; 11:1182-1194. [PMID: 31956364 PMCID: PMC6959079 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy worldwide and does not have sufficient prognostic indicators. FCER1G (Fc fragment Of IgE receptor Ig) is located on chromosome 1q23.3 and is involved in the innate immunity. Early studies have shown that FCER1G participates in many immune-related pathways encompassing multiple cell types. Meanwhile, it is associated with many malignancies. However, the relationship between MM and FCER1G has not been studied. Methods: In this study, we integrated nine independent gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets and analyzed the associations of FCER1G expression and myeloma progression, ISS stage, 1q21 amplification and survival in 2296 myeloma patients and 48 healthy donors. Results: The expression of FCER1G showed a decreasing trend with the advance of myeloma. As ISS stage and 1q21 amplification level increased, the expression of FCER1G decreased (P = 0.0012 and 0.0036, respectively). MM patients with high FCER1G expression consistently had longer EFS and OS across three large sample datasets (EFS: P = 0.0057, 0.0049, OS: P = 0.0014, 0.00065, 0.0019 and 0.0029, respectively). Meanwhile, univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that high FCER1G expression was an independent favorable prognostic factor for EFS and OS in MM patients (EFS: P = 0.006, 0.027, OS: P =0.002,0.025, respectively). Conclusions: The expression level of FCER1G negatively correlated with myeloma progression, and high FCER1G expression may be applied as a favorable biomarker in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Translational Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.,Department of Hematology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhiheng Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Fen Dong
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liang Quan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Translational Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Longzhen Cui
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiansheng Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Translational Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ying Pang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xu Ye
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Guangsheng Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Translational Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chaozeng Si
- Department of Operations and Information Management, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
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13
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Maeda H, Hazama S, Iwamoto S, Oba K, Tsunedomi R, Okayama N, Suehiro Y, Yamasaki T, Nakagami Y, Suzuki N, Nagano H, Sakamoto J, Mishima H, Nagata N. Association between polymorphisms in EGFR and tumor response during cetuximab and oxaliplatin-based combination therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of data from two clinical trials. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4555-4562. [PMID: 31611963 PMCID: PMC6781779 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting tumor response prior to starting anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody therapy would benefit patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The present study investigated the association between efficacy of cetuximab treatment and gene polymorphisms of fragment C γ receptor (FcγR) 2A, FcγR3A and EGFR in patients with extended RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC. Clinical data and specimens were obtained from 90 patients who participated in either of two clinical studies evaluating the first-line, cetuximab plus oxaliplatin-based treatment. It was hypothesized that polymorphisms H/H of FcγR2A, V/V of FcγR3A, K/K of EGFR and <36 CA repeats in the EGFR gene may be associated with a favorable tumor response. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with the H/H polymorphism tended to have an improved tumor response compared with the non-H/H population, although the result was not significant [odds ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89–5.66; P=0.09]. Univariate analysis revealed increased tumor shrinkage in patients with the K/K polymorphism of EGFR compared with the other polymorphisms (mean ± standard deviation, −55.3±28.4 vs. −39.6±40.8%; P=0.04). Subsequent multivariate analysis confirmed that the K/K polymorphism of EGFR predicted greater tumor shrinkage (multiple linear regression analysis estimate, −19.3; 95% CI, −35.5 to 3.0; P=0.02), with the tendency toward a preferable response in patients with <36 CA EGFR gene repeats (estimate, −16.9; 95% CI; −34.4 to 0.6; P=0.06). However, other polymorphisms and clinical variables did not predict tumor shrinkage. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that polymorphisms of EGFR, FcγR2A and FcγR3A may differentiate the patients that obtain the maximum benefit from cetuximab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Maeda
- Cancer Treatment Center, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Iwamoto
- Cancer Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Oba
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoko Okayama
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suehiro
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagami
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Mishima
- Cancer Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naoki Nagata
- Kitakyushu General Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-8517, Japan
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14
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Assaraf YG, Brozovic A, Gonçalves AC, Jurkovicova D, Linē A, Machuqueiro M, Saponara S, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Xavier CP, Vasconcelos MH. The multi-factorial nature of clinical multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 46:100645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Shepshelovich D, Townsend AR, Espin-Garcia O, Latifovic L, O'Callaghan CJ, Jonker DJ, Tu D, Chen E, Morgen E, Price TJ, Shapiro J, Siu LL, Kubo M, Dobrovic A, Ratain MJ, Xu W, Mushiroda T, Liu G. Fc-gamma receptor polymorphisms, cetuximab therapy, and overall survival in the CCTG CO.20 trial of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5478-5487. [PMID: 30318772 PMCID: PMC6246957 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two germ line Fc‐γ receptor (FCGR) polymorphisms, rs1801274 [FCGR2A; His(H)131Arg(R)] and rs396991 [FCGR3A; Phe(F)158Val(V)], produce altered proteins through amino acid substitutions. We previously reported that the FCGR2A H/H genotype was associated with longer overall survival (OS) in cetuximab‐treated chemotherapy‐refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Here, we aimed to replicate and extend this finding in the Canadian Clinical Trials Group CO.20 trial. Methods After germ line DNA genotyping, polymorphic relationships with survival were assessed using log‐rank tests and hazard ratios (HR) from Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for known prognostic factors. The dominant genetic inheritance model was used for the main analysis. Results Of 592 wild‐type KRAS patients treated with cetuximab, those with the FCGR2A H/H genotype (n = 165, 28%) had improved OS (HR: 0.66, P < 0.001; median absolute benefit, 1.3 months) compared to those with R/‐ genotype (n = 427, 72%). Patients with H/R had intermediate results under a codominant genetic inheritance model (HR: 0.72, P = 0.003). No significant associations were found between FCGR3A genotype and OS. In an exploratory analysis, patients with the combination of FCGR2A H/H + FCGR3A F/F genotype had significantly better OS (HR: 0.33, P = 0.003; median absolute benefit, 12.5 months) than patients with the combination of double‐variant R/R + V/V genotype. Progression‐free survival results were similar to OS. Toxicity rates were not associated with either polymorphism. Conclusions The FCGR2A genotype was associated with efficacy but not with toxicity in wild‐type KRAS, cetuximab‐treated colorectal cancer patients. FCGR3A genotype may modulate the relationship between FCGR2A polymorphism and outcome. FCGR2A is a promising biomarker for clinical management for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shepshelovich
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Medical Oncology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lidija Latifovic
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris J O'Callaghan
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG), Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek J Jonker
- Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dongsheng Tu
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG), Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Morgen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy J Price
- Medical Oncology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Geoffrey Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Stein MM, Hrusch CL, Sperling AI, Ober C. Effects of an FcγRIIA polymorphism on leukocyte gene expression and cytokine responses to anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Genes Immun 2018; 20:462-472. [PMID: 29977032 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The low affinity Fcγ receptor, FcγRIIA, harbors a common missense mutation, rs1801274 (G>A, Arg131His) that modifies binding affinity to human IgG2 and mouse IgG1 antibodies and is associated with increased risk of autoimmune disease. Despite the important role of the Arg131His variant, little is understood about heterozygous genotype effects on global gene expression and cytokine production during an FcγR-dependent response. To address this gap in knowledge, we treated human whole-blood samples from 130 individuals with mouse IgG1 anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and characterized the genome-wide gene expression profiles and cytokine production among individuals stratified by rs1801274 genotype. Our analysis revealed that the levels of four cytokines (IFNγ, IL-12, IL-2, TNFα) and global gene expression patterns differed between all three genotype classes. Surprisingly, the heterozygotes showed suboptimal T cell activation compared to cells from individuals homozygous for the higher-affinity FcγRIIA allele (GG; Arg/Arg). The results of this study demonstrate that IgG response varies among all rs1801274 genotype classes and results in profound differences in both cytokine responses and gene expression patterns in blood leukocytes. Because even heterozygotes showed dampened global responses, our data may provide insight into the heterogeneity of outcomes in cytokine release assays and immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Stein
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Cara L Hrusch
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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17
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Zhang CM, Yu LY, Lv JF, Gong L, Zhou HH, Chen XP, Fan L. Effects of immuno-related gene polymorphisms on a bispecific antibody targeting colorectal cancer cell. Per Med 2018; 15:167-179. [PMID: 29790821 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2017-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of death from cancer around the world. M701 is a CD3/EpCAM bispecific antibody that shows promising cytotoxicity toward CRC cells. AIM To investigate the influence of immuno-related gene polymorphisms on M701 mediated cytotoxicity to CRC cell HCT116. METHOD We analyzed the influence of the effect of M701 on the activation and cytotoxicity of peripheral mononuclear blood cells from 129 healthy volunteers with different genotypes. RESULT When incubated with M701, peripheral mononuclear blood cells from CD247 rs2949655 AA homozygotes showed significantly lower cytotoxicity than those from AG/GG heterozygotes. CONCLUSION CD247 rs2949655 was significantly associated with the cytotoxicity of M701 to HCT116, which might contribute to personalized medicine of M701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lin-Yu Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Lan Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
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18
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Liu G, Tu D, Lewis M, Cheng D, Sullivan LA, Chen Z, Morgen E, Simes J, Price TJ, Tebbutt NC, Shapiro JD, Jeffery GM, Mellor JD, Mikeska T, Virk S, Shepherd LE, Jonker DJ, O'Callaghan CJ, Zalcberg JR, Karapetis CS, Dobrovic A. Fc-γ Receptor Polymorphisms, Cetuximab Therapy, and Survival in the NCIC CTG CO.17 Trial of Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 22:2435-44. [PMID: 27179112 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Two germline Fc-γ receptor (FCGR) polymorphisms, rs1801274 [FCGR2A;His(H)131Arg(R)] and rs396991 [FCGR3A;Phe(F)158Val(V)] produce altered proteins through amino acid substitutions; both are reported to be associated with cetuximab-related outcomes. We performed a validation of these polymorphisms in NCIC CTG CO.17, a randomized trial of cetuximab monotherapy in refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer expressing EGFR. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was genotyped. In addition to log-rank tests, Cox proportional hazard models assessed their relationships with overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), adjusting for clinically important prognostic factors, along with a polymorphism-treatment arm interaction term. RESULTS Somatic KRAS status was wild-type for exon 2 in 153 (52%) of 293 patients, from whom tumor DNA was available. For FCGR2A H/H, a genotype-treatment interaction for KRAS wild-type patients was observed for OS (P = 0.03). In KRAS wild-type patients carrying FCGR2A H/H, cetuximab (vs. no cetuximab) improved survival substantially, with adjusted HRs (aHR) of 0.36 (OS) and 0.19 (PFS) and absolute benefits of 5.5 months (OS; P = 0.003) and 3.7 months (PFS; P = 0.02). In contrast, patients carrying FCGR2A R alleles (H/R or R/R) had aHRs of only 0.78 (OS; 2.8-month benefit) and 0.53 (PFS; 1.6-month benefit). No relationships were found for rs396991 (FCGR3A). CONCLUSIONS In the CO.17 trial, cetuximab worked best for patients with KRAS wild-type colorectal cancers carrying FCGR2A H/H genotypes. Significantly lower benefits were observed in patients carrying germline FCGR2A R alleles. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2435-44. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Dongsheng Tu
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group and Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Zhuo Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Morgen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Timothy J Price
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - G Mark Jeffery
- Canterbury Regional Cancer and Blood Service, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Daniel Mellor
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas Mikeska
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shakeel Virk
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group and Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Lois E Shepherd
- NCIC Clinical Trials Group and Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | - John R Zalcberg
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos S Karapetis
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Morgen EK, Lenz HJ, Jonker DJ, Tu D, Milano G, Graziano F, Zalcberg J, Karapetis CS, Dobrovic A, O'Callaghan CJ, Liu G. Germline polymorphisms as biomarkers of tumor response in colorectal cancer patients treated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 17:535-542. [PMID: 27897268 PMCID: PMC9536193 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of germline polymorphisms as predictors of tumor response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody agents in metastatic colorectal cancer have reported inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review of studies from 1990 to September 2015, followed by random-effects meta-analyses for polymorphisms examined in at least three studies. Of 87 studies, 40 passed the criteria for systematic review and 23 for meta-analysis. The polymorphisms suitable for meta-analysis were CCND1 (rs17852153), COX2 (rs20417), EGF (rs4444903), EGFR (rs712829, rs11543848, 3'UTR CA repeat), FCGR2A (rs1801274), FCGR3A (rs396991), IL8 (rs4073), KRAS (rs61764370) and VEGFA (rs3025039). Meta-analysis yielded nominal significance (at α=0.05) for rs4444903 and rs11543848, but showed no significant results after multiple testing correction; this was unchanged by sensitivity analyses to address subgroups, funnel-plot asymmetries, and study quality. This highlights a tendency for lack of replication in the face of initial positive results, and possibly the unsuitability of relying on tumor response as a surrogate marker in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Morgen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H-J Lenz
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D J Jonker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Tu
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Milano
- Laboratoire d'Oncopharmacologie EA 3836, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - F Graziano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda "Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord", Pesaro, Italy
| | - J Zalcberg
- Cancer Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C S Karapetis
- Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Dobrovic
- Translational Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - C J O'Callaghan
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Weidhaas JB, Harris J, Schaue D, Chen AM, Chin R, Axelrod R, El-Naggar AK, Singh AK, Galloway TJ, Raben D, Wang D, Matthiesen C, Avizonis VN, Manon RR, Yumen O, Nguyen-Tan PF, Trotti A, Skinner H, Zhang Q, Ferris RL, Sidransky D, Chung CH. The KRAS-Variant and Cetuximab Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2017; 3:483-491. [PMID: 28006059 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Importance There is a significant need to find biomarkers of response to radiotherapy and cetuximab in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and biomarkers that predict altered immunity, thereby enabling personalized treatment. Objectives To examine whether the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-variant, a germline mutation in a microRNA-binding site in KRAS, is a predictive biomarker of cetuximab response and altered immunity in the setting of radiotherapy and cisplatin treatment and to evaluate the interaction of the KRAS-variant with p16 status and blood-based transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 891 patients with advanced HNSCC from a phase 3 trial of cisplatin plus radiotherapy with or without cetuximab (NRG Oncology RTOG 0522) were included in this study, and 413 patients with available samples were genotyped for the KRAS-variant. Genomic DNA was tested for the KRAS-variant in a CLIA-certified laboratory. Correlation of the KRAS-variant, p16 positivity, outcome, and TGF-β1 levels was evaluated. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with the Cox proportional hazards model. Main Outcomes and Measures The correlation of KRAS-variant status with cetuximab response and outcome, p16 status, and plasma TGF-β1 levels was tested. Results Of 891 patients eligible for protocol analyses (786 male [88.2%], 105 [11.2%] female, 810 white [90.9%], 81 nonwhite [9.1%]), 413 had biological samples for KRAS-variant testing, and 376 had plasma samples for TGF-β1 measurement. Seventy patients (16.9%) had the KRAS-variant. Overall, for patients with the KRAS-variant, cetuximab improved both progression-free survival (PFS) for the first year (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10-0.94; P = .04) and overall survival (OS) in years 1 to 2 (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.86; P = .03). There was a significant interaction of the KRAS-variant with p16 status for PFS in patients treated without cetuximab. The p16-positive patients with the KRAS-variant treated without cetuximab had worse PFS than patients without the KRAS-variant (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 0.91-7.33; P = .07). There was a significant 3-way interaction among the KRAS-variant, p16 status, and treatment for OS (HR, for KRAS-variant, cetuximab and p16 positive, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.03-1.66; HR for KRAS-variant, cetuximab and p16 negative, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.48-4.26; HR for KRAS-variant, no cetuximab and p16 positive, 2.48; 95% CI, 0.64-9.65; and HR for KRAS-variant, no cetuximab and p16 negative, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.23-1.59; P = .02). Patients with the KRAS-variant had significantly elevated TGF-β1 plasma levels (median, 23 376.49 vs 18 476.52 pg/mL; P = .03) and worse treatment-related toxic effects. Conclusions and Relevance Patients with the KRAS-variant with HNSCC significantly benefit from the addition of cetuximab to radiotherapy and cisplatin, and there is a significant interaction between the KRAS-variant and p16 status. Elevated TGF-β1 levels in patients with the KRAS-variant suggests that cetuximab may help these patients by overcoming TGF-β1-induced suppression of antitumor immunity. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00265941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne B Weidhaas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan Harris
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles, California
| | - Allen M Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Chin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles, California
| | - Rita Axelrod
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | | | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora
| | - Dian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Chance Matthiesen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Vilija N Avizonis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rafael R Manon
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando
| | - Omar Yumen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geisinger Medical Center CCOP, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Phuc Felix Nguyen-Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andy Trotti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Heath Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Qiang Zhang
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Cancer Immunology Program and Tumor Microvenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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21
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Abstract
Cancer treatment is becoming more and more individually based as a result of the large inter-individual differences that exist in treatment outcome and toxicity when patients are treated using population-based drug doses. Polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters can significantly influence uptake, metabolism, and elimination of anticancer drugs. As a result, the altered pharmacokinetics can greatly influence drug efficacy and toxicity. Pharmacogenetic screening and/or drug-specific phenotyping of cancer patients eligible for treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs, prior to the start of anticancer treatment, can identify patients with tumors that are likely to be responsive or resistant to the proposed drugs. Similarly, the identification of patients with an increased risk of developing toxicity would allow either dose adaptation or the application of other targeted therapies. This review focuses on the role of genetic polymorphisms significantly altering the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. Polymorphisms in DPYD, TPMT, and UGT1A1 have been described that have a major impact on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil, mercaptopurine, and irinotecan, respectively. For other drugs, however, the association of polymorphisms with pharmacokinetics is less clear. To date, the influence of genetic variations on the pharmacokinetics of the increasingly used monoclonal antibodies has hardly been investigated. Some studies indicate that genes encoding the Fcγ-receptor family are of interest, but more research is needed to establish if screening before the start of therapy is beneficial. Considering the profound impact of polymorphisms in drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes on the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs and hence, their toxicity and efficacy, pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic profiling should become the standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André B P van Kuilenburg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, F0-220, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Li H, Jin Z, Li X, Wu L, Jin J. Associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancers in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1018-1027. [PMID: 28243990 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) in IBD patients. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane databases was performed. Five genetic models (allelic, dominant, recessive, heterozygous and homozygous models) were used to analyze the associations, and trial sequential analysis was used to analyze the robustness of the results. RESULTS We collected and analyzed the results of seven trials including a total of 2287 patients in our meta-analysis. A total of 8 SNPs were tested in IBD patients. For rs1800629 of TNF-α, the allelic model showed that polymorphism at this locus significantly increased the risk of IBD-associated CRC in IBD patients (OR 4.45, 95% CI 3.18-6.21, P < 0.001). The results also showed a significant association between rs1800629 and an IBD-associated CRC population (heterozygous model: OR 4.335, 95% CI 2.329-8.069, P < 0.001; homozygous model: OR 11.5, 95% CI 2.498-52.592, P = 0.002; dominant model: OR 4.986, 95% CI 2.754-9.026, P < 0.001; recessive model: OR 7.208, 95% CI 1.588-32.72, P = 0.01). Other studies have found that mutation of rs1143627 of IL1B (allelic model: OR 2.97; 95% CI 1.74-5.05, P < 0.001) and rs1050152 of OCTN1 (allelic model: OR 1.637, 95% CI 1.078-2.485, P = 0.021) increased the proportion of IBD-associated CRC in the population. Moreover, there were significant associations between IBD-associated CRC and ITLN rs2274910, gene desert rs1551398 and rs4871611, FCGR2A rs1801274, and S100-Z rs7712957 in the allelic model. CONCLUSION Associations between SNPs and the proportion of IBD-associated CRC in IBD patients were examined, and further investigation of additional SNPs and their association with the risk of morbidity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 24 Jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Z Jin
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 24 Jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 24 Jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - L Wu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 24 Jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - J Jin
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 24 Jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China.
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23
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Juergens RA, Bratman SV, Tsao MS, Laurie SA, Sara Kuruvilla M, Razak ARA, Hansen AR. Biology and patterns of response to EGFR-inhibition in squamous cell cancers of the lung and head & neck. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 54:43-57. [PMID: 28192747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of common molecular aberrations that drive cancer progression has led to targeted therapies that improve treatment efficacy in many tumor types. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have been used to treat both lung and head and neck cancers with squamous cell histology. These tumors often show high EGFR expression and/or increased gene copy number, but low incidence of the activating kinase domain mutations common to adenocarcinomas of the lung. In this manuscript, we review clinical trial data on EGFR-inhibitors in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the lung and head and neck (SCCHN), including both efficacy and biomarker analyses. Although some efficacy with use of EGFR inhibitors is observed, the level of benefit varies within and across tumor types, and the predictive capacity of high EGFR protein expression and/or gene amplification, if any, is limited. Due to the lack of candidate biomarkers that consistently predict response to EGFR-inhibitor therapy across treatment setting and class of agent in SqCC of the lung and SCCHN, we explore the biology, genomics and patterns of response to EGFR-inhibitors to inform identification of potential biomarkers, highlighting several key molecules that have shown promise in preclinical studies and clinical trials across multiple cancer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn A Juergens
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession Street, 3rd Floor Medical Oncology, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada.
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Scott A Laurie
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - M Sara Kuruvilla
- Division of Medical Oncology, Western University, London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, London ON, Canada.
| | - Albiruni R A Razak
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Ying HQ, Wang F, Chen XL, He BS, Pan YQ, Jie C, Liu X, Cao WJ, Peng HX, Lin K, Wang SK. FCGR2A, FCGR3A polymorphisms and therapeutic efficacy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28071-83. [PMID: 26363448 PMCID: PMC4695045 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAb) such as cetuximab, panitumumab are one kind of efficacious targeted drugs in treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, only a small proportion of patients harbored wild-KRAS genotype can benefit from it. We hypothesized that personal genetic heterogeneity might be the main cause leading to obvious difference in its clinical efficacy. A retrospective study including 82 mCRC patients treated with chemotherapy plus cetuximab and a comprehensive meta-analysis containing 2831 cases within sixteen eligible studies were conducted to investigate the possible association between FCGR2A H131R and FCGR3A V158F and clinical outcome of mCRC patients treated with anti-EGFR mAb based therapy. Results of the retrospective study showed that H131R within FCGR2A or V158F within FCGR3A were not associated with clinical outcome in 82 KRAS wild chemorefractory mCRC patients in co-dominant, dominant, recessive, over-dominant, allele genetic models. However, the comprehensive meta-analysis with the largest of sample size obtained the significant result between FCGR3A V158F and PFS (FV/VV vs. FF: Ph = 0.027, MSR = 0.680, 95%CI = 0.549−0.842 in overall population; Ph = 0.12, MSR = 0.728, 95%CI = 0.648–0.818 in KRAS wild population) and OS (VV vs. FF: Ph < 0.001, MSR = 0.733, 95%CI = 0.578−0.930 in overall population). These findings indicate that KRAS wild chemorefractory mCRC individual harbored genotype FF of V158Fcan benefit from anti-EGFR mAb adjuvant therapy in terms of PFS and OS, and it may be useful genetic biomarker to predict clinical survival of mCRC individuals with anti-EGFR mAb based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Qun Ying
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, 337055, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bang-Shun He
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qin Pan
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Jie
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China.,Life Scientific College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Cao
- Department of Digestion, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu China
| | - Hong-Xin Peng
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Lin
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Kui Wang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
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Lo Nigro C, Ricci V, Vivenza D, Granetto C, Fabozzi T, Miraglio E, Merlano MC. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in metastatic colorectal cancer anti-EGFR therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6944-6954. [PMID: 27570430 PMCID: PMC4974592 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To reviewing genetic and epigenetic make-up of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) addicted to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling.
METHODS: The present study summarizes the potential value of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in selecting mCRC patients treated with anti-EGFR therapy. A meta-analysis was performed using a systematic search of PubMed, Medline and Web of Science to identify eligible papers until March 21st, 2016 using these following terms: ‘‘colorectal cancer’’, “predictive biomarkers’’, “anti-EGFR therapy”, “KRAS”, “NRAS’’, “PIK3CA”, “TP53”, “PTEN”, ‘‘EGFR”, “MET”, “HER2”, “epiregulin”, “amphiregulin”, “prognostic biomarkers”, “BRAF”, “miRNA” and “antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity”. Two investigators independently evaluated and extracted data from each identified studies based on selected criteria of inclusion and exclusion.
RESULTS: The introduction of agents targeting EGFR such as cetuximab and panitumumab increased overall survival of mCRCs. Nevertheless, it has firstly became evident that response rates to cetuximab regimens in unselected patient populations were typically lower than 30%. Clinical data confirmed the predictive value of RAS mutations for resistance to cetuximab and panitumumab leading to the license of these monoclonal antibodies exclusively for the management of patients with RAS-wild type colorectal cancers. So far the identification of predictive biomarkers have generated interesting, though preliminary and, at times, conflicting data on the importance of tumour mRNA levels of EGFR ligands, of activating mutations in other genes such as NRAS and PIK3CA. The prognostic value of selected microRNAs level and ADCC activity is under investigation, while the prognostic impact of BRAF status remains controversial.
CONCLUSION: This review focuses on the personalized treatment of mCRC and discusses the potential of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers in selecting patients treated with anti-EGFR therapy.
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Combination of NK Cells and Cetuximab to Enhance Anti-Tumor Responses in RAS Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157830. [PMID: 27314237 PMCID: PMC4912059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Natural Killer (NK) cells to kill tumor targets has been extensively studied in various hematological malignancies. However, NK cell therapy directed against solid tumors is still in early development. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) targeted therapies using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as cetuximab and panitumumab are widely used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Still, the clinical efficacy of this treatment is hampered by mutations in RAS gene, allowing tumors to escape from anti-EGFR mAb therapy. It is well established that NK cells kill tumor cells by natural cytotoxicity and can in addition be activated upon binding of IgG1 mAbs through Fc receptors (CD16/FcγRIIIa) on their surface, thereby mediating antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In the current study, activated Peripheral Blood NK cells (PBNK) were combined with anti-EGFR mAbs to study their effect on the killing of EGFR+/- cancer cell lines, including those with RAS mutations. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments using colon cancer primary tumors and cell lines COLO320, Caco-2, SW620, SW480 and HT-29, demonstrated that PBNK cells are cytotoxic for a range of tumor cells, regardless of EGFR, RAS or BRAF status and at low E:T ratios. Cetuximab enhanced the cytotoxic activity of NK cells on EGFR+ tumor cells (either RASwt, RASmut or BRAFmut) in a CD16 dependent manner, whereas it could not increase the killing of EGFR- COLO320. Our study provides a rationale to strengthen NK cell immunotherapy through a combination with cetuximab for RAS and BRAF mutant mCRC patients.
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27
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Lo Nigro C, Ricci V, Vivenza D, Monteverde M, Strola G, Lucio F, Tonissi F, Miraglio E, Granetto C, Fortunato M, Merlano MC. Evaluation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity and cetuximab response in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:222-230. [PMID: 26909137 PMCID: PMC4753173 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i2.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the prognostic role of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in wild type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with cetuximab.
METHODS: Forty-one KRAS wt mCRC patients, treated with cetuximab and irinotecan-based chemotherapy in II and III lines were analyzed. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)s in the FCGR2A, FCGR3A and in the 3’ untranslated regions of KRAS and mutational analysis for KRAS, BRAF and NRAS genes was determined either by sequencing or allelic discrimination assays. Enriched NK cells were obtained from lymphoprep-peripheral blood mononuclear cell and iNKT cells were defined by co-expression of CD3, TCRVα24, TCRVβ11. ADCC was evaluated as ex vivo NK-dependent activity, measuring lactate dehydrogenase release.
RESULTS: At basal, mCRC patients performing ADCC activity above the median level (71%) showed an improved overall survival (OS) compared to patients with ADCC below (median 16 vs 8 mo; P = 0.026). We did not find any significant correlation of iNKT cells with OS (P = 0.19), albeit we observed a trend to a longer survival after 10 mo in patients with iNKT above median basal level (0.382 cells/microliter). Correlation of OS and progression-free survival (PFS) with interesting SNPs involved in ADCC ability revealed not to be significant. Patients carrying alleles both with A in FCGR2A and TT in FCGR3A presented a trend of longer PFS (median 9 vs 5 mo; P = 0.064). Chemotherapy impacted both iNKT cells and ADCC activity. Their prognostic values get lost when we analysed them after 2 and 4 mo of treatment.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a link between iNKT cells, basal ADCC activity, genotypes in FCGR2A and FCGR3A, and efficacy of cetuximab in KRAS wt mCRC patients.
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Mohammed AA, El-Tanni H, El-Khatib HM, Mirza AA, El-Kashif AT. WITHDRAWN: Molecular classification of colorectal cancer: Current perspectives and controversies. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2016:S1110-0362(15)00109-0. [PMID: 26754152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The authors have plagiarized part of a paper that had already appeared in ASCO EDUCATIONAL BOOK (2014), 91-99 (http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/content/114000091-144). One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents an abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrallah A Mohammed
- Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt; Oncology Center, King Abdullah Medical City-Holy Capital, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hani El-Tanni
- Oncology Center, King Abdullah Medical City-Holy Capital, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M El-Khatib
- Oncology Center, King Abdullah Medical City-Holy Capital, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Mirza
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr T El-Kashif
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy is currently experiencing an unprecedented amount of success, delivering blockbuster sales for the pharmaceutical industry. Having experienced several false dawns and overcoming technical issues which limited progress, we are now entering a golden period where mAbs are becoming a mainstay of treatment regimes for diseases ranging from cancer to autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss how these mAbs are most likely working and focus in particular on the key receptors that they interact with to precipitate their therapeutic effects. Although their targets may vary, their engagement with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on numerous immune effector cells is almost universal, and here we review their roles in delivering successful immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekh N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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De Mattia E, Cecchin E, Toffoli G. Pharmacogenomics of intrinsic and acquired pharmacoresistance in colorectal cancer: Toward targeted personalized therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 20:39-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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