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Akbari E, Milani A, Seyedinkhorasani M, Bolhassani A. HPV co-infections with other pathogens in cancer development: A comprehensive review. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29236. [PMID: 37997472 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) cause various malignancies in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. About 70% of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers are caused by HPV types 16 and 18. Notably, some viruses including herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human immunodeficiency virus along with various bacteria often interact with HPV, potentially impacting its replication, persistence, and cancer progression. Thus, HPV infection can be significantly influenced by co-infecting agents that influence infection dynamics and disease progression. Bacterial co-infections (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis) along with bacterial vaginosis-related species also interact with HPV in genital tract leading to viral persistence and disease outcomes. Co-infections involving HPV and diverse infectious agents have significant implications for disease transmission and clinical progression. This review explores multiple facets of HPV infection encompassing the co-infection dynamics with other pathogens, interaction with the human microbiome, and its role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Akbari
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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D’Souza S, Mane A, Patil L, Shaikh A, Thakar M, Saxena V, Fotooh Abadi L, Godbole S, Kulkarni S, Gangakhedkar R, Shastry P, Panda S. HIV-1 exploits Hes-1 expression during pre-existing HPV-16 infection for cancer progression. Virusdisease 2023; 34:29-38. [PMID: 37009256 PMCID: PMC10050651 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High Risk Human Papilloma Viruses (HR-HPV) persistently infect women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1). HPV-16 escapes immune surveillance in HIV-1 positive women receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). HIV-1 Tat and HPV E6/E7 proteins exploit Notch signaling. Notch-1, a developmentally conserved protein, influences cell fate from birth to death. Notch-1 and its downstream targets, Hes-1 and Hey-1 contribute to invasive and aggressive cancers. Cervical cancer cells utilize Notch-1 and hyper-express CXCR4, a co-receptor of HIV-1. Accumulating evidence shows that HIV-1 affects cell cycle progression in pre-existing HPV infection. Additionally, Tat binds Notch-1 receptor for activation and influences cell proliferation. Oncogenic viruses may interfere or converge together to favor tumor growth. The molecular dialogue during HIV-1/HPV-16+ co-infections in the context of Notch-1 signaling has not been explored thus far. This in vitro study was designed with cell lines (HPV-ve C33A and HPV-16+ CaSki) which were transfected with plasmids (pLEGFPN1 encoding HIV-1 Tat and pNL4-3 encoding HIV-1 [full HIV-1 genome]). HIV-1 Tat and HIV-1 inhibited Notch-1expression, with differential effects on EGFR. Notch-1 inhibition nullified Cyclin D expression with p21 induction and increased G2-M cell population in CaSki cells. On the contrary, HIV-1 infection shuts down p21 expression through interaction of Notch-1 downstream genes Hes-1-EGFR and Cyclin D for G2-M arrest, DDR response and cancer progression. This work lays foundations for future research and interventions, and therefore is necessary. Our results describe for the first time how HIV-1 Tat cancers have an aggressive nature due to the interplay between Notch-1 and EGFR signaling. Notch-1 inhibitor, DAPT used in organ cancer treatment may help rescue HIV-1 induced cancers. Graphical abstract The illustration shows how HIV interacts with HPV-16 to induce Notch 1 suppression for cancer progression (Created with BioRender.com). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00809-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena D’Souza
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Arati Mane
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Linata Patil
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Aazam Shaikh
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Madhuri Thakar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Vandana Saxena
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Sheela Godbole
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Smita Kulkarni
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Raman Gangakhedkar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, New Delhi, India
| | - Padma Shastry
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, New Delhi, India
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3
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Liu H, Liu L, Liu Q, He F, Zhu H. LncRNA HOXD-AS1 affects proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by promoting FRRS1 expression via transcription factor ELF1. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:416-426. [PMID: 34985386 PMCID: PMC8855874 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2020962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the function of lncRNA HOXD-AS1 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) and the underlying mechanism. The expressions of HOXD-AS1 and FRRS1 were analyzed on the online software GEPIA based on CESC-related information in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cervical cancer cells (SiHa and Hela) were accordingly transfected with pCDNA3.1-HOXD-AS1, sh-HOXD-AS1, sh-FRRS1 or pCDNA3.1-ELF1. After cell transfection, CCK-8, EDU and flow cytometry were applied for measurement of cell vitality, quantity and apoptosis, respectively. The relationship between HOXD-AS1 and FRRS1 was predicted on the online software LncMap and further verified by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation. Nude mice were injected with stabilized SiHa cells transfected with sh-HOXD-AS1 to assess the tumorigenic ability of HOXD-AS1 in vivo. Immunohistochemistry detected the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67. The levels of HOXD-AS1, ELF1 and FRRS1 were measured in vivo and in vitro. HOXD-AS1 and FRRS1 were overexpressed in CESC. After transfection of sh-HOXD-AS1, sh-ELF1 or sh-FRRS1, the proliferation of SiHa and Hela cells was inhibited and their apoptosis was promoted; while HOXD-AS1 overexpression had opposite effects on CESC development. Co-transfection of sh-FRRS1 and pCDNA3.1-HOXD-AS1 could abolish the tumor suppressive effect of FRRS1 knockdown. HOXD-AS1 elevated the level of FRRS1 by binding ELF1. Furthermore, HOXD-AS1 contributed to the CESC growth in mouse models. HOXD-AS1 promotes CESC by up-regulating FRRS1 via ELF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fengjiao He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,CONTACT Hong Zhu Xiangya Hospital Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan410008, China
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4
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Tawe L, Grover S, Zetola N, Robertson ES, Gaseitsiwe S, Moyo S, Kasvosve I, Paganotti GM, Narasimhamurthy M. Promoter Hypermethylation Analysis of Host Genes in Cervical Cancer Patients With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Botswana. Front Oncol 2021; 11:560296. [PMID: 33718129 PMCID: PMC7952881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.560296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cervical cancer are interconnected. DNA hypermethylation of host genes' promoter in cervical lesions has also been recognized as a contributor to cervical cancer progression. Methods: For this purpose we analyzed promoter methylation of four tumor suppressor genes (RARB, CADM1, DAPK1 and PAX1) and explored their possible association with cervical cancer in Botswana among women of known HIV status. Overall, 228 cervical specimens (128 cervical cancers and 100 non-cancer subjects) were used. Yates-corrected chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to explore the association of promoter methylation for each host gene and cancer status. Subsequently, a logistic regression analysis was performed to find which factors, HIV status, high risk-HPV genotypes, patient's age and promoter methylation, were associated with the following dependent variables: cancer status, cervical cancer stage and promoter methylation rate. Results: In patients with cervical cancer the rate of promoter methylation observed was greater than 64% in all the genes studied. Analysis also showed a higher risk of cervical cancer according to the increased number of methylated promoter genes (OR = 6.20; 95% CI: 3.66–10.51; P < 0.001). RARB methylation showed the strongest association with cervical cancer compared to other genes (OR = 15.25; 95% CI: 6.06–40.0; P < 0.001). Cervical cancer and promoter methylation of RARB and DAPK1 genes were associated with increasing age (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.26; P = 0.037 and OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.10; P = 0.040). The presence of epigenetic changes at those genes appeared to be independent of HIV status among subjects with cervical cancer. Moreover, we found that cervical cancer stage was influenced by RARB (χ2= 7.32; P = 0.002) and CADM1 (χ2=12.68; P = 0.013) hypermethylation, and HIV status (χ2= 19.93; P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study confirms the association between invasive cervical cancer and promoter gene methylation of tumor suppressing genes at the site of cancer. HIV infection did not show any association to methylation changes in this group of cervical cancer patients from Botswana. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of HIV in methylation of host genes among cancer subjects leading to cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leabaneng Tawe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Surbhi Grover
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicola Zetola
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ishmael Kasvosve
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Giacomo M Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mohan Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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5
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Chambuso R, Kaambo E, Denny L, Gray CM, Williamson AL, Migdalska-Sęk M, Agenbag G, Rebello G, Ramesar R. Investigation of Cervical Tumor Biopsies for Chromosomal Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) and Microsatellite Instability (MSI) at the HLA II Locus in HIV-1/HPV Co-infected Women. Front Oncol 2019; 9:951. [PMID: 31681558 PMCID: PMC6803484 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A subgroup of women who are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human papillomavirus (HPV) progress rapidly to cervical disease regardless of high CD4 counts. Chromosomal loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) are early frequent genetic alterations occurring in solid tumors. Loss of an allele or part of a chromosome can have multiple functional effects on immune response genes, oncogenes, DNA damage-repair genes, and tumor-suppressor genes. To characterize the genetic alterations that may influence rapid tumor progression in some HIV-1-positive women, the extent of LOH and MSI at the HLA II locus on chromosome 6p in cervical tumor biopsy DNA samples with regard to HIV-1/HPV co-infection in South African women was investigated. Methods: A total of 164 women with cervical disease were recruited for this study, of which 74 were HIV-1-positive and 90 were HIV-1-seronegative. DNA from cervical tumors and matched buccal swabs were used for analyses. Six fluorescently-labeled oligonucleotide primer pairs in a multiplex PCR amplification were used to study LOH and MSI. Pearson chi-squared test for homogeneity of proportions using an exact p value, a two-proportion Z-score test, ROC curves and a logistic regression model were used for statistical analyses. All p-values were corrected for false discovery rate (FDR) using the Benjamini-Hochberg test and the adjusted p-values (q-values) were reported. All tests were significant when both p and q < 0.05. Results: Tumor DNA from HIV-1/HPV co-infected women demonstrated a higher frequency of LOH/MSI at the HLA II locus on chromosome 6p21.21 than tumor DNA from HIV-1-seronegative women (D6S2447, 74.2 vs. 42.6%; p = 0.001, q = 0.003), D6S2881 at 6p21.31 (78.3 vs. 42.9%; p = 0.002, q = 0.004), D6S2666 at 6p21.32 (79 vs. 57.1%; p = 0.035, q = 0.052), and D6S2746, at 6p21.33 (64.3 vs. 29.4%; p < 0.001, q < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: HPV infection alone can induce LOH/MSI at the HLA II locus in cervical tumor DNA, whereas HIV-1 co-infection exacerbates it, suggesting that this may accelerate cervical disease progression in a subgroup of HIV-1-positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadhani Chambuso
- MRC Unit for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Gynaecology, Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Evelyn Kaambo
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Microbiology, University of Namibia School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Lynette Denny
- South African Medical Research Council, Clinical Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clive M Gray
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and National Health Laboratory Service, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Clinical Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sęk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Gloudi Agenbag
- MRC Unit for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - George Rebello
- MRC Unit for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Raj Ramesar
- MRC Unit for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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6
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Chelidze K, Thomas C, Chang AY, Freeman EE. HIV-Related Skin Disease in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: Recognition and Management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019; 20:423-442. [PMID: 30806959 PMCID: PMC6581453 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-019-00422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). With increased survival and improved overall health, PLHIV are experiencing dermatologic issues both specific to HIV and common to the general population. In this new era of ART, it is crucial for dermatologists to have a strong understanding of the broad range of cutaneous disease and treatment options in this unique population. In this review, we outline the most common skin diseases in PLHIV, including HIV-associated malignancies, inflammatory conditions, and infections, and focus on the role of ART in altering epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatiya Chelidze
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Cristina Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Bartlett Hall 6R, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Aileen Yenting Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Paranassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Esther Ellen Freeman
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Bartlett Hall 6R, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, 16th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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7
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Chambuso R, Ramesar R, Kaambo E, Denny L, Passmore JA, Williamson AL, Gray CM. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles and the Association with Cervical Cancer in HIV/HPV Co-Infected Women in South Africa. J Cancer 2019; 10:2145-2152. [PMID: 31258717 PMCID: PMC6584421 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A subset of women who are co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV) and Human papillomavirus (HPV), progress rapidly to invasive cervical cancer regardless of antiretroviral therapy (ART) or immune status. We posit that HIV/HPV co-infection along with specific host HLA II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles play a major role in cervical cancer development. Methodology: We conducted a hospital-based genetic susceptibility case-control study in Cape Town, South Africa. We recruited 256 women of the same race, from which a total of 624 HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 class II genotypes were studied. We characterized HLA II candidate genes using PCR based, Luminex intermediate resolution genotyping and confirmed significant associated genotypes at four-digit resolution by high resolution gel typing. We analyzed 160 alleles from cancer, 64 alleles from pre-cancer and 400 alleles from healthy control women. Whole blood was used for HIV antibody test and HLA II typing. Cervical tumor tissue biopsies were used for HPV genotyping. Tests were statistically significant if p<0.05. Results: Women who were co-infected with HIV/HPV had advanced cervical disease compared to women who were HIV negative. HLA class II -DQB1*03:01 and -DQB1*06:02 alleles were associated with cervical cancer in HIV/HPV co-infected women (p=0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively) while HLA class II -DRB1*13:01 and -DQB1*03:19 were rare or absent in women with cervical disease when compared to the control population (p=0.012 and 0.011, respectively). Conclusion: We describe associations between HLA class II genotypes with cervical cancer, or likely protection from cervical cancer disease in HIV/HPV co-infected South African women. Identifying mechanisms that give rise to this likely protective HLA association will provide insight into development of immune-based prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadhani Chambuso
- MRC Unit for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Gynaecology, Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Raj Ramesar
- MRC Unit for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evelyn Kaambo
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Microbiology, University of Namibia School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Lynette Denny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/UCT Clinical Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Groote Schuur Hospital/University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jo-Ann Passmore
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/UCT Clinical Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Groote Schuur Hospital/University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/UCT Clinical Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Groote Schuur Hospital/University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clive M Gray
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Laboratory for Tissue Immunology, Department of Pathology and National Health Laboratory Service, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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8
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Budka JA, Ferris MW, Capone MJ, Hollenhorst PC. Common ELF1 deletion in prostate cancer bolsters oncogenic ETS function, inhibits senescence and promotes docetaxel resistance. Genes Cancer 2018; 9:198-214. [PMID: 30603056 PMCID: PMC6305106 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ETS family transcription factors play major roles in prostate tumorigenesis with some acting as oncogenes and others as tumor suppressors. ETS factors can compete for binding at some cis-regulatory sequences, but display specific binding at others. Therefore, changes in expression of ETS family members during tumorigenesis can have complex, multimodal effects. Here we show that ELF1 was the most commonly down-regulated ETS factor in primary prostate tumors, and expression decreased further in metastatic disease. Genome-wide mapping in cell lines indicated that ELF1 has two distinct tumor suppressive roles mediated by distinct cis-regulatory sequences. First, ELF1 inhibited cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by interfering with oncogenic ETS functions at ETS/AP-1 cis-regulatory motifs. Second, ELF1 uniquely targeted and activated genes that promote senescence. Furthermore, knockdown of ELF1 increased docetaxel resistance, indicating that the genomic deletions found in metastatic prostate tumors may promote therapeutic resistance through loss of both RB1 and ELF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Budka
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary W Ferris
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew J Capone
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter C Hollenhorst
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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9
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Cervical adenocarcinoma associated with persistent human papilloma and human immunodeficiency viral infections. Int Cancer Conf J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13691-013-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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10
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Denslow SA, Rositch AF, Firnhaber C, Ting J, Smith JS. Incidence and progression of cervical lesions in women with HIV: a systematic global review. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 25:163-77. [PMID: 24216030 DOI: 10.1177/0956462413491735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Global data on cervical lesion incidence and progression in HIV-positive women are essential for understanding the natural history of cervical neoplasia and informing screening policy. A systematic review was performed summarizing the incidence and progression of cervical lesions in HIV-positive women. Of 5882 HIV-positive women from 15 studies, incidence ranged from 4.9 to 21.1 cases per 100 woman-years for any cervical lesion and 0.4 to 8.8 cases per 100 woman-years for high-grade cervical lesions. HIV-positive women showed a median three-fold higher incidence of cervical lesions compared to HIV-negative women. Of 1099 HIV-positive women from 11 studies, progression from low- to high-grade lesions ranged from 1.2 to 26.2 cases per 100 woman-years. Both incidence and progression rates increased with lower CD4 counts. The effect of antiretroviral therapy on the natural history of cervical neoplasia remains unclear. HIV-positive women have higher incidence and progression of cervical neoplasia. Cervical cancer screening should be integrated into HIV treatment programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A Denslow
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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11
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Nicol AF, Golub JE, e Silva JRL, Cunha CB, Amaro-Filho SM, Oliveira NS, Menezes W, Andrade CV, Russomano F, Tristão A, Grinsztejn B, Friedman RK, Oliveira MP, Pires A, Nuovo GJ. An evaluation of p16(INK4a) expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia specimens, including women with HIV-1. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:571-7. [PMID: 22850945 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have evaluated the role of p16(INK4a) as a diagnostic marker of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and its association with disease progression, studies regarding the role of p16(INK4a) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients remain scarce. The present study was designed to determine the potential utility of p16(INK4a) as a diagnostic marker for CIN and invasive cervical cancer in HIV-positive and negative cervical specimens. An immunohistochemical analysis of p16(INK4a) was performed in 326 cervical tissue microarray specimens. Performance indicators were calculated and compared using receiving operating characteristics curve (ROC)/area under the curve. In HIV-1-negative women, the percentage of cells that was positive for p16(INK4a) expression was significantly correlated with the severity of CIN (p < 0.0001). A ROC curve with a cut-off value of 55.28% resulted in a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 81%, a positive predictive value of 91% and a negative predictive value of 78%. HIV-seropositive women exhibited decreased expression of p16(INK4a) in CIN2-3 specimens compared with HIV-negative specimens (p = 0.031). The ROC data underscore the potential utility of p16(INK4a) under defined conditions as a diagnostic marker for CIN 2-3 staging and invasive cervical cancer. HIV-1 infection, however, is associated with relatively reduced p16(INK4a) expression in CIN 2-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcina F Nicol
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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A comparative analysis of clinical and molecular factors with the stage of cervical cancer in a Brazilian cohort. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57810. [PMID: 23505442 PMCID: PMC3591395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle protein expression plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cervical cancer. However, few studies have attempted to correlate the use of these biomarkers with the clinical progression of the tumor.
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Tzenov YR, Andrews PG, Voisey K, Popadiuk P, Xiong J, Popadiuk C, Kao KR. Human papilloma virus (HPV) E7-mediated attenuation of retinoblastoma (Rb) induces hPygopus2 expression via Elf-1 in cervical cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:19-30. [PMID: 23284001 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of cervical cancer. In this study, we provide evidence for the human Pygopus (hPygo)2 gene as a cellular biomarker for HPV-related disease. In a tumor microarray of cervical cancer progression, hPygo2 levels were greater in high-grade lesions and squamous cell carcinomas than in normal epithelia. Similarly, hPygo2 mRNA and protein levels were greater in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells relative to uninfected primary cells. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion of HPV-E7 increased whereas E74-like factor (Elf)-1 RNAi decreased association of Retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor with the hPygo2 promoter in cervical cancer cell lines. Transfection of dominant-active Rb inhibited Elf-1-dependent activation of hPygo2, whereas Elf-1 itself increased hPygo2 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that Rb repressed hPygo2 by inhibiting Elf-1 at the Ets-binding site in the hPygo2 promoter. These results suggested that abrogation of Rb by E7 resulted in derepression of Elf-1, which in turn stimulated expression of hPygo2. Thus, initiation of hPygo2 expression by Elf-1 was required for proliferation of cervical cancer cells and its expression therefore may act as a surrogate marker for dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlian R Tzenov
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3V6
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Cervical Cytopathology in a Population of HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women. J Trop Med 2012; 2012:869758. [PMID: 22888358 PMCID: PMC3409538 DOI: 10.1155/2012/869758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between abnormal cervical cytology and HIV infection status in women was evaluated to correlate with CD4 cell count and viral load in HIV-positive patients with the presence of low-grade (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Cervical samples were collected at the Tropical Disease Hospital, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital and at the Nascer Cidadão Maternity Hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. An Ayre's spatula was used to collect samples from the ectocervix and a cytology brush to collect samples from the endocervix. Of a total of 237 women, 125 were HIV positive and 112 were HIV negative. Abnormal cytology (n = 21; 8.9%) was more common in the HIV positive group (n = 15; 12.1%) compared to the HIV-negative group (n = 6; 5.4%) (P = 0.05). Cytological abnormalities were not found to be associated with immunosuppression, defined as CD4 count < 200 cells/mm(3). A higher frequency was found between higher viral loads (>10,000/mm(3)) and the presence of abnormal cytology. Pregnant women, irrespective of whether they were HIV positive or negative, were less likely to have lesions compared to the nonpregnant women in the same groups. The higher frequency of abnormal findings in Papanicolaou cytology in HIV-positive women with higher viral loads suggests the association between preinvasive cervical lesions and human immunodeficiency.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) are highly expressed in actively replicating cells. The need for biological markers for cervical carcinoma and its precursor lesions is emerging. Our main aim was to determine the immunohistochemical expression of MCM-2 in HIV-positive and -negative dysplastic cervical specimens. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of MCM-2 was performed in a total of 352 cervical TMA specimens of normal control, low-grade CIN, high-grade CIN and invasive tumor. 38 specimens were from HIV-positive women. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the best cutoff to diagnose high-grade CIN and invasive cervical cancer. RESULTS In the progression from normal epithelium to high-grade CIN and invasive tumor we found significant differences in the MCM-2 expression (p<0.05). Based on the ROC curve of 80% with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78, expression of MCM-2 to diagnose high-grade CIN and invasive tumor resulted in sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 66%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 57%. HIV-positive cervices revealed a decreasing expression of MCM-2 in both LGCIN and HGCIN compared with HIV-negative specimens (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that immunohistochemical MCM-2 may not be a promising biomarker for diagnosing high-grade CIN and invasive cancer.
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Amaro Filho SM, Nicol AF. The utility of in situ detection, including RT in situ PCR, of viral nucleic acid and the co-localization of the cytokine response to the study of viral pathogenesis. Methods 2010; 52:332-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that have crucial roles in embryogenesis. A recently discovered set of homeobox genes--the Rhox genes--are expressed during both embryogenesis and in adult reproductive tissues. The 33 known mouse Rhox genes are clustered together in a single region on the X chromosome, while likely descendents of the primodial Rhox cluster, Arx and Esx1, have moved to other positions on the X chromosome. Here, we summarize what is known about the regulation and function of Rhox cluster and Rhox-related genes during embryogenesis and gametogenesis. The founding member of the Rhox gene cluster--Rhox5 (previously known as Pem)--has been studied in the most depth and thus is the focus of this review. We also discuss the unusually rapid evolution of the Rhox gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A MacLean
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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