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Gut V, Feer S, Baumann I. A resource-oriented perspective on the aging workforce - exploring job resource profiles and their associations with various health indicators. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2559. [PMID: 39300385 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting older workers' health in the context of increasing labor force participation and skill shortages is crucial. Examining job resource profiles offers a promising approach to understanding how to promote and maintain the health of older workers within the workplace. However, it is unclear how different job resources interact within distinct worker subgroups. Thus, this study explores the association between the job resource profiles of distinct subgroups and various health indicators among older workers in Europe. METHODS Data from 4,079 older workers (age range: 50-60 years, 57% female) from waves 6 and 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were analyzed. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct job resource profiles using social support, recognition, job promotion, autonomy, and development opportunities. Associations between these profiles and various health indicators were examined, alongside the sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with each profile. RESULTS Four distinct job resource profiles emerged: (I) average job resource workers (n = 2170, 53%), (II) high social job resource workers (n = 983, 24%), (III) low job resource workers (n = 538, 13%), and (IV) autonomous decision-making workers (n = 388, 10%). Workers in the (II) high social job resource profile had the highest socioeconomic status and reported the best self-perceived health, lowest depressive symptoms, and fewest limitations and chronic diseases. Conversely, workers in the (III) low job resource profile had the second-lowest socioeconomic status and reported the poorest health outcomes. Surprisingly, older workers with high autonomy (profile IV) had the lowest socioeconomic status and the second worst self-perceived health. This may be because they perceive themselves as autonomous while lacking support and recognition. CONCLUSION There is wide variation in the level and composition of resources available to older workers in the workplace. The most vulnerable subgroups, such as low job resource workers (profile III) and autonomous decision-making workers (profile IV), could benefit from tailored workplace health promotion interventions, such as support from supervisors or peers. Strengthening older workers' job resources, including social support and recognition, can improve their health and contribute to them remaining in the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gut
- Institute of Public Health, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Alpenquai 4, Lucerne, 6005, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Feer
- Institute of Public Health, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Baumann
- Institute of Public Health, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Väisänen V, Ruotsalainen S, Hietapakka L, Sulander J, Sinervo T. The role of workday characteristics on perceived stress and time pressure among nurses in Finnish long-term care - a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:878. [PMID: 39095796 PMCID: PMC11295524 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging populations and nursing workforce issues are causing challenges for long-term care globally, and therefore, improving the work-related wellbeing and retention of nurses is crucial. As such, gaining a further understanding of the factors that affect work strain in long-term care is important. Previously, the effect of job demands on the wellbeing of nurses has been researched principally by subjective instruments. In this study, we examined the relationship between indirectly measured workday characteristics and perceived stress and time pressure among nurses working in Finnish long-term care (assisted living facilities with 24-hour assistance). METHODS A total of 503 nurses from 44 assisted living facilities across Finland completed time measurement surveys and wellbeing questionnaires. The data were linked with client characteristics from the Resident Assessment Instrument register. The relationships between the measured number of care events during the workday, clients' care needs, and the amount of breaktime and perceived stress and time pressure were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Nurses who had more care events and clients with greater care needs were at higher odds of having high stress. More care events and reduced breaktime were associated with high time pressure. Disruptions during the workday were strongly associated with both high stress and time pressure. Last, nurses who were under high stress and time pressure worked more often in teams with lower team autonomy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings on indirectly measured job demands indicate that dividing the workload equally among nurses through better work division can help reduce the stress and time pressure of nurses in long-term care. In addition, ensuring sufficient breaktime and preventing unnecessary disruptions is important. To help recruit and retain the care workforce, fair management of work that accounts for varying client care needs and workload is needed. In addition, legislative and governance tools, such as staffing level regulation, and further consideration of job demands might aid in reducing the job strain of nurses. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Patients or nurses were not involved in the design of the study, analysis, or interpretation of the results, or in the preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visa Väisänen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Welfare State Research and Reform unit, Health and Social Service System Research team, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, 00330, Finland.
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Salla Ruotsalainen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Welfare State Research and Reform unit, Health and Social Service System Research team, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, 00330, Finland
| | - Laura Hietapakka
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Welfare State Research and Reform unit, Health and Social Service System Research team, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, 00330, Finland
| | - Juhani Sulander
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Welfare State Research and Reform unit, Health and Social Service System Research team, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, 00330, Finland
| | - Timo Sinervo
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Welfare State Research and Reform unit, Health and Social Service System Research team, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, 00330, Finland
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Du J, Shao B, Gao Y, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Li J, Li G. Relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter and cardiovascular risk factors and the modifying effect of socioeconomic status: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1398396. [PMID: 39100956 PMCID: PMC11294222 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1398396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating research suggested that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence regarding the relationship between PM2.5 and CVD risk factors remains inconsistent. We hypothesized that this association may be partially modified by socioeconomic status (SES). To investigate the relationships and to test the modifying effect of SES, we included baseline data for 21,018 adults from September 2017 to May 2018. PM2.5 concentrations were determined by employing an amalgamation of linear measurements obtained from monitoring stations located near the participants' residential and workplace addresses. We assessed SES across several domains, including income, education, and occupation levels, as well as through a composite SES index. The results indicated that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure, the risk of hypercholesterolemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia, diabetes, and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) increased by 7.7% [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.077, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.011, 1.146], 19.6% (OR = 1.196, 95% CI = 1.091, 1.312), 4.2% (OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.084), and 17.1% (OR = 1.171, 95% CI = 1.133, 1.209), respectively. Compared to the high SES group, those with low SES are more prone to hypercholesterolemia, hyperbetalipoproteinemia, diabetes, and HHcy. Notably, the disparities in SES appear significant in the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and hypercholesterolemia as well as hyperbetalipoproteinemia. But for diabetes and HHcy, the modification effect of SES on PM2.5 shows an inconsistent pattern. In conclusion, the results confirm the association between PM2.5 and cardiovascular risk factors and low SES significantly amplified the adverse PM2.5 effect on dyslipidemia. It is crucial to emphasize a need to improve the socioeconomic inequality among adults in Beijing and contribute to the understanding of the urgency in protecting the health of vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Institute of Information and Statistics Center, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Gao
- Institute of Information and Statistics Center, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zaihua Wei
- Institute of Information and Statistics Center, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hongzheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Information and Statistics Center, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
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Miller J, Doucas A, Karra H, Thareja SK, Bowie O, Dong X, Terrell J, Hernandez S, Corujo-Ramirez AM, Xia N, Qi S, Huang CC, Lundh R, Young SA. Social determinants of health correlations and resource usefulness at a Milwaukee free clinic for uninsured individuals: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Transl Sci 2024; 8:e71. [PMID: 38690226 PMCID: PMC11058579 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) is fundamental to improving health outcomes. At a student-run free clinic, we developed a screening process to understand the SDOH needs and resource utilization of Milwaukee's uninsured population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we screened adult patients without health insurance (N = 238) for nine traditional SDOH needs as well as their access to dental and mental health care between October 2021 and October 2022. Patients were surveyed at intervals greater than or equal to 30 days. We assessed correlations between SDOH needs and trends in patient-reported resource usefulness. Results Access to dental care (64.7%) and health insurance (51.3%) were the most frequently endorsed needs. We found significant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) between various SDOH needs. Notably, mental health access needs significantly correlated with dental (r = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.63), medications (r = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.30, 0.72), utilities (r = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.61), and food insecurity (r = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.64). Food-housing (r = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.78), housing-medications (r = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.81), and medications-food (r = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.74) were significantly correlated with each other. Longitudinal assessment of patient-reported usefulness informed changes in the resources offered. Conclusions Understanding prominent SDOH needs can inform resource offerings and interventions, addressing root causes that burden under-resourced patients. In this study, patient-reported data about resource usefulness prompted the curation of new resources and volunteer roles. This proof-of-concept study shows how longitudinally tracking SDOH needs at low-resource clinics can inform psychosocial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Miller
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Adrianna Doucas
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hamsitha Karra
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Suma K. Thareja
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Owen Bowie
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Terrell
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Samuel Hernandez
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ana Mia Corujo-Ramirez
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nicole Xia
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sabrina Qi
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chiang-Ching Huang
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca Lundh
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Staci A. Young
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Saturday Clinic for the Uninsured, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Hagose M, Burton-Jeangros C, Fakhoury J, Consoli L, Refle JE, Jackson Y. Working Conditions and Self-Reported Health Among Undocumented and Newly Regularized Migrants in Geneva: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606394. [PMID: 38125708 PMCID: PMC10730670 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Most undocumented migrants are employed in so-called "dirty jobs" or "3D jobs" (dangerous, dirty and degrading) due to their lack of legal status. This study aimed to describe the self-reported health of undocumented and newly regularized migrants in relation to their working conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected during the first phase of the Parchemins study (2017-18), a survey that monitors the socioeconomic and health impact of a regularization scheme for undocumented workers in Geneva, Switzerland. The sample consists of 395 undocumented and newly regularized migrants. Results: Overall, 147 (37.2%) rated their health as very good or excellent. Multivariable regression analysis indicated that work-related factors associated with better self-reported health included higher satisfaction with working conditions, while legal status regularization showed only a borderline association. By contrast, workers performing very demanding tasks and having more difficulties finding a new job were less likely to report very good or excellent health. Conclusion: Findings show that work-related factors had a stronger influence on self-reported health compared to legal status change. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of regularization on working conditions and self-rated health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munire Hagose
- Faculté des Sciences de la Société, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Burton-Jeangros
- Faculté des Sciences de la Société, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- LIVES Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre Interfacultaire de Gérontologie et d’Études des Vulnérabilités, Université de Genève, Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Julien Fakhoury
- Faculté des Sciences de la Société, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- LIVES Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre Interfacultaire de Gérontologie et d’Études des Vulnérabilités, Université de Genève, Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Liala Consoli
- Faculté des Sciences de la Société, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- LIVES Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre Interfacultaire de Gérontologie et d’Études des Vulnérabilités, Université de Genève, Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Erik Refle
- LIVES Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre Interfacultaire de Gérontologie et d’Études des Vulnérabilités, Université de Genève, Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Yves Jackson
- Division de Médecine de Premier Recours, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
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Lahti J, Knop J. Occupational Class Differences in Emotional Exhaustion Among Municipal Employees - The Role of Employment Sector and Psychosocial Working Conditions. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:3104-3122. [PMID: 35642717 PMCID: PMC10652648 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies examining occupational class differences in burnout symptoms across employment sectors are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine whether occupational class is associated with emotional exhaustion, and whether there are differences in the examined associations between employment sectors. A further aim was to examine to which extent psychosocial working conditions may explain these associations. Survey data were collected in 2017 among 19-39-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki (4630 women and 1267 men, response rate 51.5%). Occupational class included four classes: 1. manuals, 2. routine non-manuals, 3. semi-professionals, 4. managers and professionals. Employment sector was classified into three groups: 1. health and social care, 2. education and 3. 'other'. Linear regression analysis and IBM SPSS 25 statistical program were used. The analytical sample included 4883 participants. The highest occupational class, i.e. managers and professionals, reported the highest emotional exhaustion. In terms of the sector, those working in education had the highest scores of emotional exhaustion. The associations between occupational class and emotional exhaustion differed somewhat between the sectors. Adjustment for job demands attenuated the differences in emotional exhaustion between occupational classes, whereas adjustment for job control and job strain widened the differences. Attention should be paid to occupations with excess mental demands, and to employees in the education sector, who showed the highest risk of emotional exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Lahti
- Jouni Lahti, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland.
| | - Jade Knop
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Jacobsen DI, Fjelde V. Part-time work and sickness absence - an organization-level analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2247. [PMID: 37964256 PMCID: PMC10647031 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absenteeism is consistently higher in public than in private organizations, as is the use of part-time employment. The aim of this study is to identify whether there is a relationship between part-time work and sickness absence at the organizational level. METHODS The data is a six-year panel for the full population of Norwegian municipalities (N = 422), linking objective register data on both part-time employment and sickness absence. Using OLS regression with fixed effects for municipality and time, we estimate the statistical effects of the municipalities' use of part-time work on sickness absence. RESULTS The bivariate correlation between percentage position at the municipal level and percentage sickness absence is positive and significant (Pearson's r = .25, sig LE 0.01). When controlling for fixed effects for municipality and time, as well as municipality economy, municipality size, ratio of female employees in the municipality and characteristics of the general population, the multivariate regression coefficient is still positive but insignificant (coefficient = 1.56, robust standard error = 1.31). CONCLUSIONS The main findings are that the organizations' use of part-time work is unrelated to sickness absence indicating that organizations with extensive use of part-time work do not experience higher levels of absenteeism than those having less extensive use of part-time employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viktoria Fjelde
- University of Agder, Servicebox 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway
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da Silva JF, Vieira A, da Rosa BN, Candotti CT. Musculoskeletal disorders and work ability of workers at a university campus in southern Brazil. Rev Bras Med Trab 2023; 21:e2021901. [PMID: 39132268 PMCID: PMC11316539 DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2021-901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background When performed in unfavorable conditions, work can lead to the development of musculoskeletal disorders and decrease in work ability. Objectives To identify the differences between three groups of workers (professors, technicians and outsourced workers) as for the sociodemographic profile, work ability, prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, activity restrictions, and the correlation between the presence of musculoskeletal disorders and activity restrictions with each domain of the Work Ability Index. Methods The sample consisted of 67 university workers assessed by a Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptoms Questionnaire and the Work Ability Index. Descriptive statistics and Kendall's Tau correlation coefficient were used. Results Professors presented more favorable sociodemographic and lifestyle aspects and higher work ability, while outsourced workers had less favorable sociodemographic and lifestyle aspects and lower work ability. The correlation between activity restrictions and work ability was found in only one domain of Work Ability Index among professors. Among outsourced workers were found correlations on presence of musculoskeletal disorders and activity restrictions with six domains of Work Ability Index. Technicians did not show significant correlation. Conclusions Outsourced workers presented worse work ability and less favorable sociodemographic and lifestyle aspects among the workers in the study, requiring the maintenance and improvement of work ability in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Figueira da Silva
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e
Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Vieira
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e
Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nichele da Rosa
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e
Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Tarragô Candotti
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e
Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Laditka JN, Laditka SB, Arif AA, Adeyemi OJ. Psychological distress is more common in some occupations and increases with job tenure: a thirty-seven year panel study in the United States. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:95. [PMID: 37004123 PMCID: PMC10064628 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers in certain occupations may have elevated risks of psychological distress. However, research is limited. For example, researchers often measure distress that may have existed before occupational exposures. We studied occupations and the development of psychological distress using national data from the United States. METHODS We reviewed relevant research to identify occupations with low and high risks of mental health problems. We confirmed those individual low and high risk occupations using 1981-2017 data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n = 24,789). We measured new cases of distress using the Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (Kessler K6) and compared distress in the low and high risk groups, adjusted for factors associated with occupational selection and non-occupational distress risks. A subset of participants described their jobs (n = 1,484), including factors such as job demands, social support, and control over work. We examined associations of those factors with psychological distress. RESULTS Workers in high risk occupations had 20% higher adjusted odds of developing distress than those in low risk occupations (odds ratio, OR 1.20, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.13-1.28). Distress increased with time in a high risk occupation: ≥5 years OR 1.38 (CI 1.18-1.62), ≥ 10 years OR 1.46 (CI 1.07-1.99), and ≥ 15 years OR 1.77 (CI 1.08-2.90; p-trend = 0.0145). The most common positive participant descriptions of their jobs indicated social support (34%), sense of accomplishment (17%), and control over work (15%). Participants reporting such descriptions were significantly less likely to have a high risk occupation (OR 0.66, CI 0.46-0.94, p = 0.0195). The most common negative descriptions were excessive job demands (43%), low social support (27%), and lack of control (14%). Participants reporting such descriptions were significantly more likely to have a high risk occupation (OR 1.49, CI 1.03-2.14, p = 0.0331). CONCLUSION Certain occupations may have high risks of psychological distress, which may be due to characteristics of the occupations rather than employee characteristics, or in addition to them. Results were consistent with theoretical models of psychosocial work environments. Providers of health care and social services should ask patients or clients about work-related distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Laditka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Sarah B Laditka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
| | - Ahmed A Arif
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Oluwaseun J Adeyemi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York City, NY, 10016, USA
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Augustin J, Andrees V, Walsh D, Reintjes R, Koller D. Spatial Aspects of Health-Developing a Conceptual Framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1817. [PMID: 36767185 PMCID: PMC9914219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies and models address the determinants of health. However, in existing models, the spatial aspects of the determinants are not or only marginally taken into account and a theoretical discussion of the association between space and the determinants of health is missing. The aim of this paper is to generate a framework that can be used to place the determinants of health in a spatial context. A screening of the current first serves to identify the relevant determinants and describes the current state of knowledge. In addition, spatial scales that are important for the spatial consideration of health were developed and discussed. Based on these two steps, the conceptual framework on the spatial determinants of health was derived and subsequently discussed. The results show a variety of determinants that are associated with health from a spatial point of view. The overarching categories are global driving forces, policy and governance, living and physical environment, socio-demographic and economic conditions, healthcare services and cultural and working conditions. Three spatial scales (macro, meso and micro) are further subdivided into six levels, such as global (e.g., continents), regional (e.g., council areas) or neighbourhood (e.g., communities). The combination of the determinants and spatial scales are presented within a conceptual framework as a result of this work. Operating mechanisms and pathways between the spatial levels were added schematically. This is the first conceptual framework that links the determinants of health with the spatial perspective. It can form the working basis for future analyses in which spatial aspects of health are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobst Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Andrees
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Walsh
- Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Glasgow G40 2QH, UK
| | - Ralf Reintjes
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 20999 Hamburg, Germany
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniela Koller
- IBE—Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Hudon C, Dumont-Samson O, Breton M, Bourgueil Y, Cohidon C, Falcoff H, Senn N, Van Durme T, Angrignon-Girouard É, Ouadfel S. How to Better Integrate Social Determinants of Health into Primary Healthcare: Various Stakeholders' Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15495. [PMID: 36497570 PMCID: PMC9736940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to identify challenges and opportunities related to the integration of social determinants of health (SDH) into primary healthcare at an international symposium in Orford, Quebec, Canada. A descriptive qualitative approach was conducted. Three focus groups on different topics were led by international facilitators. Two research team members took notes during the focus groups. All the material was analyzed using a thematic analysis according to an inductive method. Many challenges were identified, leading to the identification of potential opportunities: integrate the concept of SDH in all phases of the training curriculum for health professionals to foster interprofessional and intersectoral collaboration and sociocultural skills; organize healthcare for better outreach to vulnerable populations; organize local and regional committees to develop management frameworks to produce and use territory-specific data; develop dashboards for primary healthcare providers describing the composition of their territory's population; work collaboratively, rallying primary healthcare providers, community organization delegates, patient partners, citizens, and municipality representatives around common projects. Discussions prompted new directions for further primary healthcare research, among which are building on best practices in the literature and in the field, and engaging various stakeholders in research, including vulnerable populations, while focusing on patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hudon
- Département de Médecine de Famille et de Médecine D’urgence, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Olivier Dumont-Samson
- Département de Médecine de Famille et de Médecine D’urgence, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Mylaine Breton
- Département des Sciences de la Santé Communautaire, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada
| | | | - Christine Cohidon
- Département de Médecine de Famille, Centre Universitaire de Médecine Générale et Santé Publique (Unisanté), Université de Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hector Falcoff
- Société de Formation Thérapeutique du Généraliste/Recherche (SFTG Recherche), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Senn
- Département de Médecine de Famille, Centre Universitaire de Médecine Générale et Santé Publique (Unisanté), Université de Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thérèse Van Durme
- Institut de Recherche Santé et Société, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Émilie Angrignon-Girouard
- Département de Médecine de Famille et de Médecine D’urgence, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sarah Ouadfel
- Département de Médecine de Famille et de Médecine D’urgence, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Malinauskas R, Malinauskas M, Malinauskiene V, Zabiela V. Perceived Stress in Relation to Demographics and Clinical Forms among Patients with Infective Endocarditis: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14073. [PMID: 36360948 PMCID: PMC9656878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease of the endocardial surface of the heart, caused by infection of the native or prosthetic valve or an indwelling cardiac device. Apart from IE predisposing risk factors that include heart conditions and medical procedures, the novel trajectories from demographic factors to perceived stress conditions have been under investigation in recent years. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between perceived stress and demographic characteristics as well as clinical forms of IE among survivors of IE in Kaunas, Lithuania. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study among IE cases (n = 135) at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics Cardiology department during the period 2014-2017 was performed. Data about IE clinical features, sociodemographic characteristics and perceived stress level (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)) upon diagnosis were collected. Package "SPSS 25.0" was used in the statistical analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed including gender, previous occupation, place of residence and clinical forms of IE in the analysis of perceived stress among survivors of IE. The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used in this study. (3) Results: Perceived stress was experienced by 54.8 percent of the respondents. In the final model, the OR (odds ratio) of perceived stress for females was 2.07 as compared to men; for rural residents, the OR was 2.25 as compared to urban residents. These results were statistically significant. A tendency for increased OR of perceived stress for low-skilled workers as compared to high-skilled ones and classical IE clinical form as compared to non-classical form was observed, but these results were not statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: The present study is an attempt to focus the attention of IE researchers on the effects of psychological state in the disease development. Differences in perceived stress and some demographic characteristics, as well as tendencies of IE clinical forms, were observed among survivors of IE in Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdas Malinauskas
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Malinauskas
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilija Malinauskiene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Zabiela
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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van der Feltz S, van der Molen HF, Lelie L, Hulshof CTJ, van der Beek AJ, Proper KI. Changes in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Leisure Time Physical Exercise after a Citizen Science-Based Worksite Health Promotion Program for Blue-Collar Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13652. [PMID: 36294231 PMCID: PMC9603698 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blue-collar workers have, on average, poorer health than white-collar workers. Existing worksite health promotion programs (WHPPs) are often not successful among blue-collar workers. This study evaluates the effect of the Citizen Science-based WHPP on the targeted lifestyle behaviors among construction workers. The data of 114 participants were retrieved from questionnaires before (T0) and after (T1) the WHPP. Outcome measures were mean and categorical changes in daily fruit and vegetable intake and weekly leisure time physical exercise. Changes were tested using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and McNemar tests. No statistically significant changes were found between T0 and T1. In total, 73.7% of the participants felt involved in the WHPP. Changes in the outcome measures were not significantly different between subgroups based on age, nor in subgroups based on feelings of involvedness. The low intensity of the developed program could be an explanation for this lack of significant change. Future studies using the Citizen Science approach in an occupational setting should aim at developing a more intensified program and should test its effectiveness by comparing changes in a (randomized) controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie van der Feltz
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk F. van der Molen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Lelie
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel T. J. Hulshof
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J. van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin I. Proper
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Almario Barrera AJ, Concha Sanchez SC. Influencia del gradiente social sobre la salud bucal de mujeres trabajadoras formales. REVISTA CUIDARTE 2022. [DOI: 10.15649/cuidarte.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Las patologías bucales se asocian con las condiciones sociales, materiales y el nivel socioeconómico desfavorables. La salud bucal de las mujeres se ve afectada por aspectos sociales, que marcan inequidades en salud, si se compara con los hombres Objetivo. Evaluar la influencia del gradiente social sobre la salud bucal de mujeres trabajadoras de una universidad de Santander, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal que involucró a 84 mujeres trabajadoras. Se utilizaron variables sociodemográficas, de condición de salud bucal (presencia de caries dental, enfermedad periodontal y edentulismo) y posición social. Se estableció una relación entre estas. Para ello, se aplicaron las pruebas Chi cuadrado o Exacto de Fisher, t de Student o test de rangos de Wilcoxon, con una significancia α≤0,05. Resultados. Se evidenció una prevalencia de caries dental de un 85,7%, enfermedad periodontal de un 79,8%, y prevalencia de edentulismo de un 40,5%; los factores sociales que se presentaron con mayor frecuencia mostrando alguna relación con las condiciones bucales fueron edad, etnia, estado civil, nivel educativo, la labor que realiza diariamente, estrato socioeconómico, la responsabilidad económica dentro del hogar. Conclusión. El gradiente social no registró diferencias estadísticamente significativas al analizarlo con las patologías orales; sin embargo, se estableció que las mujeres que se ubicaron en la posición social alta tenían menos carga de enfermedades bucales; mientras que las mujeres que se encontraban en la posición social baja tenían mayor prevalencia de caries dental, enfermedad periodontal y edentulismo.
Como citar este artículo: Almario-Barrera AJ, Concha-Sánchez SC. Influencia del gradiente social sobre la salud bucal de mujeres trabajadoras formales. Revista Cuidarte. 2022;13(3):e2334. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2334
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Zaitsu M, Kobayashi Y, Myagmar-Ochir E, Takeuchi T, Kobashi G, Kawachi I. Occupational disparities in survival from common cancers in Japan: Analysis of Kanagawa cancer registry. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 77:102115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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van der Noordt M, Polder JJ, Plasmans MHD, Hilderink HBM, Deeg DJH, van Tilburg TG, van der Pas S, van der Lucht F. Exploring Health Trends Prior to State Pension Age for The Netherlands up to 2040. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4209. [PMID: 35409891 PMCID: PMC8998719 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many Western countries, the state pension age is being raised to stimulate the extension of working lives. It is not yet well understood whether the health of older adults supports this increase. In this study, future health of Dutch adults aged 60 to 68 (i.e., the expected state pension age) is explored up to 2040. METHODS Data are from the Dutch Health Interview Survey 1990-2017 (N ≈ 10,000 yearly) and the Dutch Public Health Monitor 2016 (N = 205,151). Health is operationalized using combined scores of self-reported health and limitations in mobility, hearing or seeing. Categories are: good, moderate and poor health. Based on historical health trends, two scenarios are explored: a stable health trend (neither improving nor declining) and an improving health trend. RESULTS In 2040, the health distribution among men aged 60-68 is estimated to be 63-71% in good, 17-28% in moderate and 9-12% in poor health. Among women, this is estimated to be 64-69%, 17-24% and 12-14%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study's explorations suggest that a substantial share of people will be in moderate or poor health and, thus, may have difficulty continuing working. Policy aiming at sustainable employability will, therefore, remain important, even in the case of the most favorable scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike van der Noordt
- Department of Health Knowledge Integration, Center for Health and Society, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (J.J.P.); (M.H.D.P.); (H.B.M.H.); (F.v.d.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.H.D.); (S.v.d.P.)
| | - Johan J. Polder
- Department of Health Knowledge Integration, Center for Health and Society, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (J.J.P.); (M.H.D.P.); (H.B.M.H.); (F.v.d.L.)
- Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tranzo, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanne H. D. Plasmans
- Department of Health Knowledge Integration, Center for Health and Society, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (J.J.P.); (M.H.D.P.); (H.B.M.H.); (F.v.d.L.)
| | - Henk B. M. Hilderink
- Department of Health Knowledge Integration, Center for Health and Society, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (J.J.P.); (M.H.D.P.); (H.B.M.H.); (F.v.d.L.)
| | - Dorly J. H. Deeg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.H.D.); (S.v.d.P.)
| | - Theo G. van Tilburg
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Suzan van der Pas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.H.D.); (S.v.d.P.)
- Faculty of Social Work and Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fons van der Lucht
- Department of Health Knowledge Integration, Center for Health and Society, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (J.J.P.); (M.H.D.P.); (H.B.M.H.); (F.v.d.L.)
- Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
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Strategic Assessment of Neighbourhood Environmental Impacts on Mental Health in the Lisbon Region (Portugal): A Strategic Focus and Assessment Framework at the Local Level. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Scientific evidence shows that each place/environment generates specific conditions with associated impacts on the mental health and well-being of the population. A holistic, multilevel and integrated environmental approach to mental health enhances the understanding of this phenomena, supporting the local decision-making processes to improve spatial planning of neighbourhood environments. The aim of this study is to develop a strategic assessment framework, based on four municipalities in the Lisbon Region (Portugal), that explores policy and planning initiatives capable of generating favourable neighbourhood environmental conditions for mental health while also detecting risks. Using baseline results of significant statistical associations between individuals’ perceptions of their neighbourhood environment and their mental health in the Lisbon Region, a Strategic Focus on Environmental and Mental Health Assessment framework (SEmHA) was built, by applying the methodology “Strategic Thinking for Sustainability” in Strategic Environmental Assessment, developed by Partidário in 2012. Taking into account the promotion of the population’s mental health, four critical decision factors of neighbourhood environments were identified: (1) public space quality (e.g., improving sense of place), (2) physical environment quality (e.g., low levels of noise exposure), (3) professional qualification and creation of economic activities (e.g., attracting new economic activities), and (4) services and facilities (e.g., improving access to health and education services). The proposed strategic focus and assessment framework contributes to ensuring that interventions in neighbourhood environments truly achieve community mental health benefits and reduce inequalities, thus helping policy makers to assess impacts at the local level.
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Holtermann A, Rasmussen CL, Hallman DM, Ding D, Dumuid D, Gupta N. 24-Hour Physical Behavior Balance for Better Health for All: "The Sweet-Spot Hypothesis". SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:98. [PMID: 34928441 PMCID: PMC8688608 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
"Sit less-move more" has been the univocal advice to adults for better health. Predominantly, this advice is based on research of physical behaviors during leisure-time. A recent study among > 100,000 adults indicates a u-shaped association between leisure-time physical activity and risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality among adults in physically active occupations. This may be explained by the considerable difference in 24-h physical behaviors between adults in sedentary and physically active occupations. Thus, the advice "sit less-move more" might not be the best for health among adults in physically active occupations. To provide a scientific approach and encourage research on 24-h physical behaviors and health for those in physically active occupations, we propose the "Sweet-Spot Hypothesis." The hypothesis postulates that the "Sweet-Spot" of 24-h physical behaviors for better health differs between adults, depending on their occupation. Specifically, the hypothesis claims that the advice "sit less-move more" does not bring adults in physically active occupations toward their "Sweet-Spot" of 24-h physical behaviors for better health. The purpose of our paper is to encourage researchers to test this proposed hypothesis by describing its origin, its theoretical underpinning, approaches to test it, and practical implications. To promote health for all, and decrease social health inequalities, we see a great need for empirically testing the "Sweet-Spot Hypothesis." We propose the "Sweet-Spot Hypothesis" to encourage discussion, debates, and empirical research to expand our collective knowledge about the healthy "24-h physical behavior balance" for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | - David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Pekins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Naiditch N, Billot M, Goudman L, Cornet P, Roulaud M, Ounajim A, Page P, Lorgeoux B, Baron S, Nivole K, Pries P, Moufid YA, Swennen C, Teyssedou S, Vendeuvre T, Charrier E, Poupin L, Rannou D, de Montgazon GB, Descoins PF, Roy-Moreau B, Grimaud N, David R, Moens M, Rigoard P. Professional Status of Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Patients after Spinal Surgery (PSPS-T2): What Really Matters? A Prospective Study Introducing the Concept of "Adapted Professional Activity" Inferred from Clinical, Psychological and Social Influence. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5055. [PMID: 34768575 PMCID: PMC8584436 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Type 2 (PSPS-T2) represents a main cause of work disruption. Beyond its societal consequences, occupational inactivity is responsible for a major decrease in physical/mental health in individuals but remains poorly analyzed. We designed a study to prospectively examine Professional Status (PS) evolution and its association with key bio-psychological markers. Data from 151 consecutively included working-age PSPS-T2 patients were analyzed to determine the proportion of professional inactivity and the relationships between PS and Social Gradient of Health (SGH), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), EuroQol 5-Dimensional 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire work subscale (FABQ-W). Despite optimized medical management, 73.5% of PSPS-T2 patients remained inactive after 1 year of follow-up/p = 0.18. Inactive patients presented a low SGH/p = 0.002, higher NPRS/p = 0.048, lower EQ-5D-5L/p < 0.001, higher ODI/p = 0.018, higher HADS-D/p = 0.019 and higher FABQ-W/p < 0.001. No significant mediation effect of FABQ-W on SGH consequences regarding PS was observed in our structural model/p = 0.057. The link between unemployment and bio-psycho-social pain dimensions appears bidirectional and justifies intense collaboration with social workers. Optimizing therapeutical sequencing towards personalized professional plans implies restoring "Adapted Physical Function" as an initial goal, and tailoring an "Adapted Professional Activity", matching with patient expectations and capabilities, as a final objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Naiditch
- Prismatics Lab., Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.R.); (A.O.); (B.L.); (S.B.); (K.N.); (R.D.); (P.R.)
- Euridol, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, Faculty of Life Science, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime Billot
- Prismatics Lab., Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.R.); (A.O.); (B.L.); (S.B.); (K.N.); (R.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Lisa Goudman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (L.G.); (M.M.)
- Stimulus Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Cornet
- Department of General Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Manuel Roulaud
- Prismatics Lab., Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.R.); (A.O.); (B.L.); (S.B.); (K.N.); (R.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Amine Ounajim
- Prismatics Lab., Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.R.); (A.O.); (B.L.); (S.B.); (K.N.); (R.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Philippe Page
- Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (P.P.); (P.P.); (Y.A.M.); (C.S.); (S.T.); (T.V.)
| | - Bertille Lorgeoux
- Prismatics Lab., Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.R.); (A.O.); (B.L.); (S.B.); (K.N.); (R.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Sandrine Baron
- Prismatics Lab., Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.R.); (A.O.); (B.L.); (S.B.); (K.N.); (R.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Kevin Nivole
- Prismatics Lab., Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.R.); (A.O.); (B.L.); (S.B.); (K.N.); (R.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Pierre Pries
- Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (P.P.); (P.P.); (Y.A.M.); (C.S.); (S.T.); (T.V.)
| | - Yassine Abdollah Moufid
- Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (P.P.); (P.P.); (Y.A.M.); (C.S.); (S.T.); (T.V.)
| | - Cécile Swennen
- Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (P.P.); (P.P.); (Y.A.M.); (C.S.); (S.T.); (T.V.)
| | - Simon Teyssedou
- Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (P.P.); (P.P.); (Y.A.M.); (C.S.); (S.T.); (T.V.)
| | - Tanguy Vendeuvre
- Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (P.P.); (P.P.); (Y.A.M.); (C.S.); (S.T.); (T.V.)
| | - Elodie Charrier
- Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (E.C.); (L.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Laure Poupin
- Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (E.C.); (L.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Delphine Rannou
- Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (E.C.); (L.P.); (D.R.)
| | | | - Pierre François Descoins
- Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Nord Deux-Sèvres Hospital, 79000 Niort, France; (P.F.D.); (B.R.-M.)
| | - Brigitte Roy-Moreau
- Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Nord Deux-Sèvres Hospital, 79000 Niort, France; (P.F.D.); (B.R.-M.)
| | - Nelly Grimaud
- Pain Evaluation and Treatment Centre, Centre Clinical Elsan, 16800 Soyaux, France;
| | - Romain David
- Prismatics Lab., Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.R.); (A.O.); (B.L.); (S.B.); (K.N.); (R.D.); (P.R.)
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, University of Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Maarten Moens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (L.G.); (M.M.)
- Stimulus Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Rigoard
- Prismatics Lab., Predictive Research in Spine/Neuromodulation Management and Thoracic Innovation/Cardiac Surgery, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.R.); (A.O.); (B.L.); (S.B.); (K.N.); (R.D.); (P.R.)
- Department of Spine Surgery & Neuromodulation, Poitiers University Hospital, 86021 Poitiers, France; (P.P.); (P.P.); (Y.A.M.); (C.S.); (S.T.); (T.V.)
- Pprime Institute UPR 3346, CNRS, ISAE-ENSMA, University of Poitiers, 86360 Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, France
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Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome Type 2 (PSPS-T2), a Social Pain? Advocacy for a Social Gradient of Health Approach to Chronic Pain. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132817. [PMID: 34202362 PMCID: PMC8269084 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Social Gradient of Health (SGH), or position in the social hierarchy, is one of the major determinants of health. It influences the development and evolution of many chronic diseases. Chronic pain dramatically affects individual and social condition. Its medico-economic impact is significant and worldwide. Failed Back Surgery Syndrome or Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome type 2 (PSPS-T2) represents one of its most fascinating and disabling conditions. However, the influence of SGH on PSPS-T2 has been poorly explored. We designed a prospective multicentric study (PREDIBACK study) to assess the SGH prevalence, and to examine its association with medical and psychological variables, in PSPS-T2 patients. This study included 200 patients to determine the SGH association with pain (NPRS), Quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), kinesiophobia (FABQ-Work), catastrophism (CSQ), and functional capacity (ODI). Around 85.3% of PSPS-T2 patients in our study had low SGH. Low SGH patients had a higher FABQ-Work and CSQ-Catastrophizing score than high SGH patients (p < 0.05). High SGH patients have a higher ODI score than low SGH patients (p < 0.10). Our results suggest that SGH is a relevant factor to guide prevention, research, and ultimately intervention in PSPS-T2 patients and could be more widely transposed to chronic pain.
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Kjellsson S. Do working conditions contribute differently to gender gaps in self-rated health within different occupational classes? Evidence from the Swedish Level of Living Survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253119. [PMID: 34129618 PMCID: PMC8205134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequality in health among women is often referred to as smaller than health inequality among men. However, we know less about differences in health between men and women within the same socioeconomic groups. In this article the lack of attention to potential socioeconomic variation in gender health inequality is argued as unfortunate, as it can obscure how mechanisms, such as e.g. working conditions, affect gendered health within specific groups. Drawing on the nationally representative Swedish Level of Living survey (LNU), class/gender interactions as well as class-separate linear probability models are estimated to explore relationships between working conditions and health among men and women with the same occupational class positions. Results show that, although class is not a large explanatory factor for general gender differences in health, there are varying within-class differences between men and women in working conditions, that can contribute to the understanding of within-class gender differences in health. This highlights that, when targeting causes of gender health inequality, it is important to consider not only what class means for women as well as for men, but also what gender means within specific classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kjellsson
- Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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22
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Jung J, Lee J, Lee YM, Lee DW, Kim HR, Kang MY. Educational Inequalities in Ill-Health Retirement Among Middle- and Older-Aged Workers in Korea: The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2016). J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e323-e329. [PMID: 33950041 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify differences in risk of ill-health retirement (IHR) between groups with different levels of education and examine this difference with respect to working conditions and health-related factors. METHODS This study analysed the longitudinal data of 1691 paid workers aged 45 to 79 years from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify the predictors and build a prediction model for IHR according to different final education levels. RESULTS Over the 10-year follow-up, 208 workers exited work because of poor health. Clear educational inequalities in reason of retirement and increased risk of IHR in low, intermediate, and high educational groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an educational gradient for IHR among Korean male workers and revealed gender differences in the risk of IHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoun Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Dr Jung, Dr J. Lee, Dr Y.M. Lee, Dr Kim, Dr Kang); Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Dr D.W. Lee)
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Felknor SA, Streit JMK, McDaniel M, Schulte PA, Chosewood LC, Delclos GL. How Will the Future of Work Shape OSH Research and Practice? A Workshop Summary. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115696. [PMID: 34073326 PMCID: PMC8198798 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Growth of the information economy and globalization of labor markets will be marked by exponential growth in emerging technologies that will cause considerable disruption of the social and economic sectors that drive the global job market. These disruptions will alter the way we work, where we work, and will be further affected by the changing demographic characteristics and level of training of the available workforce. These changes will likely result in scenarios where existing workplace hazards are exacerbated and new hazards with unknown health effects are created. The pace of these changes heralds an urgent need for a proactive approach to understand the potential effects new and emerging workplace hazards will have on worker health, safety, and well-being. As employers increasingly rely on non-standard work arrangements, research is needed to better understand the work organization and employment models that best support decent work and improved worker health, safety, and well-being. This need has been made more acute by the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic that has resulted in dramatic changes in employment patterns, millions of lost jobs, an erosion of many economic sectors, and widespread disparities which further challenge occupational safety and health (OSH) systems to ensure a healthy and productive workplace. To help identify new research approaches to address OSH challenges in the future, a virtual workshop was organized in June 2020 with leading experts in the fields of OSH, well-being, research methods, mental health, economics, and life-course analysis. A paradigm shift will be needed for OSH research in the future of work that embraces key stakeholders and thinks differently about research that will improve lives of workers and enhance enterprise success. A more transdisciplinary approach to research will be needed that integrates the skills of traditional and non-traditional OSH research disciplines, as well as broader research methods that support the transdisciplinary character of an expanded OSH paradigm. This article provides a summary of the presentations, discussion, and recommendations that will inform the agenda of the Expanded Focus for Occupational Safety and Health (Ex4OSH) International Conference, planned for December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Felknor
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jessica M. K. Streit
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA; (J.M.K.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - Michelle McDaniel
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.M.); (G.L.D.)
| | - Paul A. Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA; (J.M.K.S.); (P.A.S.)
| | - L. Casey Chosewood
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA;
| | - George L. Delclos
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.M.); (G.L.D.)
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Ellina P, Middleton N, Lambrinou E, Kouta C. Social gradient in health-related quality of life among urban middle-age residents in Limassol, Cyprus: research article. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:608. [PMID: 33781218 PMCID: PMC8008686 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social inequalities in health threaten social cohesion and their investigation is an important research field. Monitoring the health of the population is necessary to identify health needs, design programs focused in people’s needs and to evaluate the effectiveness of health policies. Methods A cross-sectional survey using primary data was applied. The study investigated the size and the extent of social inequalities in quality of life and health behaviours in Limassol, Cyprus. Data collection was done door-to-door in the form of survey interviews. The sample consisted of 450 residents aged 45–64 across 45 randomly selected neighbourhoods, that met the selection criteria. The tools used were: Demographic questionnaire, SF 36 Questionnaire, IPAQ- International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Results The social gradient appears in all social indicators. Physical dimension of health has a strong relationship between health-related quality of life with the education index. Specifically, the range is 12 points for males and 14 points for females (p for interaction = 0.16). Profession systematically appears to have a stronger relationship with men than with women, and is present in both physical and mental dimensions. The range is 13 points for men and 10 points for women (p for interaction = 0.31). Conclusions It seems that young highly educated males, employed full time, earning high income and engaging in mild physical activity, have significantly higher level of health-related life quality, compared to other middle age adult groups, living in Limassol. This finding is in agreement with other studies that show correlations between gender and the patterns of risk factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-10027-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ellina
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - N Middleton
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - E Lambrinou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - C Kouta
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
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Persistent inequality: evolution of psychosocial exposures at work among the salaried population in Spain between 2005 and 2016. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:621-629. [PMID: 33237481 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of poor mental health and of exposure to psychosocial risks among the working population in Spain in 2005, 2010 and 2016; to analyse the associations between workplace psychosocial exposures and mental health problems according to gender and occupation. METHODS Three representative samples of the Spanish working population were analysed, in 2005 (n = 7,023), 2010 (n = 4,979), and 2016 (n = 1,807). Prevalence ratios between mental health and the five dimensions - job demands, job control, social support, employment insecurity and insecurity over working conditions-were estimated using multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regressions. All the analyses were separated by gender and occupation. RESULTS In 2016, there were improvements in job control, job demands and social support, and deteriorations in employment insecurity and insecurity over working conditions. The risk of poor mental health among manual workers rose if they were exposed to high demands, low social support and high employment insecurity; among non-manual workers, the risk increased if they were exposed to high demands, low control, low social support and high insecurity over working conditions. There were no differences according to gender. CONCLUSION The new findings shed light on the evolution of the working conditions and health of the wage-earning population in Spain over the last 11 years. The stratification by gender and occupational group is relevant, since it allows a detailed analysis of the social disparities in the associations between psychosocial risks and mental health. The most vulnerable groups can be identified and preventive measures developed at source.
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Bahk J, Khang YH, Lim S. The Unequal Burden of Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Pains Among South Korean and European Employees Based on Age, Gender, and Employment Status. Saf Health Work 2020; 12:57-65. [PMID: 33732530 PMCID: PMC7940136 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationships musculoskeletal pains with combined vulnerability in terms of age, gender, and employment status Methods The fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) in 2010 (43,816 participants aged 15 years and over) analyzed for European employees and the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) in 2011 (50,032 participants aged 15 years and older) analyzed for Korean employees. In this study, three well known vulnerable factors to musculoskeletal pains (older age, female gender, and precarious employment status) were combined and defined as combined vulnerability. Associations of musculoskeletal pains with combined vulnerability were assessed with prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by Poisson regression models with robust estimates of variance. Results The prevalences of musculoskeletal pains were lower but the absolute and relative differences between combined vulnerabilities were higher among Korean employees compared with the European employees. Furthermore, the increased risk of having musculoskeletal pains according to combined vulnerability was modestly explained by socioeconomic factors and exposure to ergonomic risk factors, especially in Republic of Korea. Conclusions The results of this study showed that the labor market may be more unfavorable for female and elderly workers in Republic of Korea. Any prevention strategies to ward off musculoskeletal pains, therefore, should be found and implemented to mitigate or buffer against the most vulnerable work population, older, female, and precarious employment status, in Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Bahk
- Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Khang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinye Lim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cerletti P, Keidel D, Imboden M, Schindler C, Probst-Hensch N. The modifying role of physical activity in the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of health-related quality of life with physiological functioning-based latent classes and metabolic syndrome. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:345. [PMID: 33081800 PMCID: PMC7574351 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single cardio-metabolic risk factors are each known modifiable risk factors for adverse health and quality of life outcomes. Yet, evidence on the clustered effect of these parameters and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is still limited and mostly cross-sectional. The objectives of this study were to identify clusters of cardio-metabolic physiological functioning, to assess their associations with HRQoL in comparison with the MetS, to elucidate the modifying role of physical activity, and to assess differences in health service utilization. METHODS This study is based on longitudinal data from two time points (2010/11 & 2017/18) of the Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases (SAPALDIA). Latent class analysis (LCA) grouped participants based on a priori selected cardio-metabolic and MetS related physiological functioning variables (Body mass index, body fat, glycated hemoglobin, blood triglycerides, blood pressure). The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess HRQoL. Quantile regressions were performed with and without adjustment for physical activity, to detect independent associations of the latent classes, MetS and physical activity with HRQoL. To assess the modifying role of physical activity, we additionally grouped participants based on the combination of physical activity and latent classes or MetS, respectively. Logistic regressions were used to investigate health service utilization as outcome. RESULTS The LCA resulted in three classes labeled "Healthy" (30% of participants in 2017/18), "At risk" and "Unhealthy" (29%). The Unhealthy class scored lowest in all physical component scores of HRQoL. Compared to healthy and active participants, inactive participants in the "Unhealthy" class showed lower scores in the physical functioning domain both cross-sectionally (- 9.10 (- 12.02; - 6.18)) and longitudinally. This group had an odds ratio of 2.69 (1.52; 4.74) for being hospitalized in the previous 12 months. CONCLUSIONS These results point to subjects with adverse cardio-metabolic physiological functioning and low activity levels as an important target group for health promotion and maintenance of well-being. The promotion of physical activity at the early stages of aging seems pivotal to mitigate the impact of the MetS on HRQoL at higher age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco Cerletti
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, CH, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, CH, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Keidel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, CH, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, CH, Switzerland
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, CH, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, CH, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, CH, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, CH, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, CH, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001, Basel, CH, Switzerland.
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Brønholt RLL, Hansen MB, Islamoska S, Christensen U, Grynderup MB, Nabe-Nielsen K. Physical and psychosocial work factors as explanations for social inequalities in self-rated health. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:335-346. [PMID: 32975659 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the contribution of physical and psychosocial work factors to social inequalities in self-rated health (SRH) in a sample of Danish 40 and 50 years old occupationally active women and men. METHODS In this longitudinal study, the study population consisted of 3338 Danish women and men. Data were collected by postal questionnaires in 2000 (baseline) and 2006 (follow-up). The independent variable, socioeconomic position (SEP), was assessed by the highest achieved educational level at baseline. We conducted gender-stratified parallel multiple mediation analyses. In the mediation analyses, SEP was categorised as SEP I, II, III, VI and V among men. Among women, SEP was dichotomised into SEP I-IV and V. The outcome, SRH, was assessed at baseline and follow-up. A wide range of physical and psychosocial work factors were included as potential mediators. RESULTS We found a social gradient in SRH across all levels of SEP among men. Among women, we only found a poorer SRH among those with the lowest SEP. Mediation analyses showed that work factors together accounted for 56% of the social inequalities in SRH among men and 44% among women. In both genders, ergonomic exposures and job insecurity seemed to play the major role for social inequalities in SRH. For women only, we also found noise to contribute to the social inequalities in SRH. CONCLUSION Physical and psychosocial work factors partially explained social inequalities in SRH among both genders. Improvement of the working environment can potentially contribute to the reduction of social inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matilde Bøgelund Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Islamoska
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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The mediating role of unhealthy behaviors and body mass index in the relationship between high job strain and self-rated poor health among lower educated workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:95-105. [PMID: 32889612 PMCID: PMC7826307 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of unhealthy behaviors and body mass index (BMI) in the relationship between high job strain and self-rated poor health in workers with a low education. Methods A total of 8369 low educated workers, who participated in the Lifelines cohort study during the period 2012–2017, were included. Self-reported job strain, health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption), and BMI were assessed at baseline, and self-rated health after 2 years. To assess mediation by the health behaviors and BMI, structural equation modeling with logistic and multinomial regression analyses were performed. Results Workers with high job strain had a higher odds of poor health (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.13–1.60) compared to those with low job strain. Workers with high job strain were more likely to have a lack of physical activity (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.01–1.28), but were not more likely to smoke, to be overweight or obese, or to have a low fruit or vegetable consumption. Workers who smoke, have a lack of physical activity or are overweight or obese are more likely to report poor health (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.16–1.60, OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.08–1.43, OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.16–1.61, OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.86–2.72). Indirect (mediating) effects of unhealthy behaviors and BMI in the relationship between high job strain and poor health were small and not statistically significant. Conclusions No mediating effects of unhealthy behaviors or BMI were found in the relationship between high job strain and self-rated poor health among workers with a low educational level.
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Social inequalities over the lifecourse and healthy ageing in Aotearoa/New Zealand: differences by Māori ethnicity and gender. AGEING & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x20001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lifecourse approaches to healthy ageing recognise that health in older age is affected by long-term cumulative inequalities between socio-economic status (SES), gender and ethnicity groups, which begin in childhood. Combining longitudinal survey data with lifecourse history interviews from 729 older New Zealanders aged 61–81 (mean = 72, standard deviation = 4.5), we tested a lifecourse model of predictors of physical, mental and social health in older age. Latent growth curve and mediation analysis showed that the link between childhood SES and late-life health (over 10 years) was mediated by education, occupation and adult wealth. To account for the moderating effects of gender and ethnicity, we modelled the effects for sub-groups separately (225 non-Māori women, 158 Māori women, 219 non-Māori men and 127 Māori men). Childhood SES was an important predictor of later-life health, mediated by education and adult SES for all participants and for non-Māori men. However, there were significantly different pathways for Māori men and for women. Māori men and women and non-Māori women did not attain the same health benefits from higher childhood SES and education as non-Māori men. Findings point to the importance of considering the mediators of lifelong impacts on health in older age, and recognition of how membership of different socially structured groups produces different pathways to late-life health.
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Adapting Citizen Science to Improve Health in an Occupational Setting: Preliminary Results of a Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17144917. [PMID: 32650415 PMCID: PMC7400330 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Health interventions often do not reach blue-collar workers. Citizen science engages target groups in the design and execution of health interventions, but has not yet been applied in an occupational setting. This preliminary study determines barriers and facilitators and feasible elements for citizen science to improve the health of blue-collar workers. The study was conducted in a terminal and construction company by performing semi-structured interviews and focus groups with employees, company management and experts. Interviews and focus groups were analyzed using thematic content analysis and the elements were pilot tested. Workers considered work pressure, work location and several personal factors as barriers for citizen science at the worksite, and (lack of) social support and (negative) social culture both as barriers and facilitators. Citizen science to improve health at the worksite may include three elements: (1) knowledge and skills, (2) social support and social culture, and (3) awareness about lifestyle behaviors. Strategies to implement these elements may be company specific. This study provides relevant indications on feasible elements and strategies for citizen science to improve health at the worksite. Further studies on the feasibility of citizen science in other settings, including a larger and more heterogeneous sample of blue-collar workers, are necessary.
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Salonen L, Blomgren J, Laaksonen M. From long-term sickness absence to disability retirement: diagnostic and occupational class differences within the working-age Finnish population. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1078. [PMID: 32641015 PMCID: PMC7346453 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well documented that sickness absence is strongly associated with disability retirement. A long-term sickness absence (LTSA) in particular increases the risk of disability retirement, but little is known about the variation of this risk across diagnostic causes. Further, as occupational classes differ in their diagnostic profiles, it is likely that the role of diagnosis in the pathway from LTSA to disability retirement varies between occupational classes. We examined how LTSA of different diagnostic causes predicts all-cause disability retirement and disability retirement due to the same diagnostic group or due to some other diagnostic group than that which caused the LTSA spell in different occupational classes. Methods Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse a 70% random sample of all employed Finns aged 25–62 Finns in 2006 (N = 1,458,288). Disability retirement was followed from 2007 to 2014. The risk of disability retirement was compared between occupational classes with at least one LTSA spell due to musculoskeletal diseases, mental disorders, respiratory diseases, or circulatory diseases and those who had no LTSA spells due to these diagnostic groups during 2005. Results Those who had LTSA due to musculoskeletal diseases or mental disorders transferred more often to disability retirement due to same diagnostic group, whereas those who had LTSA due to respiratory or circulatory diseases transferred more often to disability retirement due to some other diagnostic group. The largest occupational class differences in all-cause disability retirement were found among those with LTSA due to mental disorders. For men, the hazard ratios (HR) varied from HR 5.70 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.00–6.52) in upper non-manual employees to 2.70 (95% CI 2.50–2.92) in manual workers. For women, the corresponding HRs were 3.74 (95% CI 3.37–4.14) in upper non-manual employees and 2.32 (95% 2.17–2.50) in manual workers. Conclusions The association between LTSA and disability retirement varies between diagnostic groups, and the strength of this association further depends on the person’s occupational class and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Salonen
- Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jenni Blomgren
- The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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Krist AH, O'Loughlin K, Woolf SH, Sabo RT, Hinesley J, Kuzel AJ, Rybarczyk BD, Kashiri PL, Brooks EM, Glasgow RE, Huebschmann AG, Liaw WR. Enhanced care planning and clinical-community linkages versus usual care to address basic needs of patients with multiple chronic conditions: a clinician-level randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:517. [PMID: 32527322 PMCID: PMC7291479 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients with poorly controlled multiple chronic conditions (MCC) also have unhealthy behaviors, mental health challenges, and unmet social needs. Medical management of MCC may have limited benefit if patients are struggling to address their basic life needs. Health systems and communities increasingly recognize the need to address these issues and are experimenting with and investing in new models for connecting patients with needed services. Yet primary care clinicians, whose regular contact with patients makes them more familiar with patients’ needs, are often not included in these systems. Methods We are starting a clinician-level cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate how primary care clinicians can participate in these community and hospital solutions and whether doing so is effective in controlling MCC. Sixty clinicians in the Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network will be matched by age and sex and randomized to usual care (control condition) or enhanced care planning with clinical-community linkage support (intervention). From the electronic health record we will identify all patients with MCC, including cardiovascular disease or risks, diabetes, obesity, or depression. A baseline assessment will be mailed to up to 50 randomly selected patients for each clinician (3000 total). Ten respondents per clinician (600 patients total) with uncontrolled MCC will be randomly selected for study inclusion, with oversampling of minorities. The intervention includes two components. First, we will use an enhanced care planning tool, My Own Health Report (MOHR), to screen patients for health behavior, mental health, and social needs. Patients will be supported by a patient navigator, who will help patients prioritize needs, create care plans, and write a personal narrative to guide the care team. Patients will update care plans every 1 to 2 weeks. Second, we will create community-clinical linkage to help address patients’ needs. The linkage will include community resource registries, personnel to span settings (patient navigators and a community health worker), and care team coordination across team members through MOHR. Discussion This study will help inform efforts by primary care clinicians to help address unhealthy behaviors, mental health needs, and social risks as a strategy to better control MCC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03885401. Registered on 19 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H Krist
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, One Capital Square Room 631, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.
| | - Kristen O'Loughlin
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven H Woolf
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, One Capital Square Room 631, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.,Center on Society and Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Roy T Sabo
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, One Capital Square Room 631, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hinesley
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, One Capital Square Room 631, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Anton J Kuzel
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, One Capital Square Room 631, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Bruce D Rybarczyk
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paulette Lail Kashiri
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, One Capital Square Room 631, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - E Marshall Brooks
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, One Capital Square Room 631, 830 East Main St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Russel E Glasgow
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy G Huebschmann
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Winston R Liaw
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, University of Houston College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Paglione L, Angelici L, Davoli M, Agabiti N, Cesaroni G. Mortality inequalities by occupational status and type of job in men and women: results from the Rome Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033776. [PMID: 32499259 PMCID: PMC7282329 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Socioeconomic inequalities have a strong impact on population health all over the world. Occupational status is a powerful determinant of health in rich societies. We aimed at investigating the association between occupation and mortality in a large metropolitan study. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Rome, capital of Italy. PARTICIPANTS We used the Rome Longitudinal Study, the administrative cohort of residents in Rome at the 2001 general census, followed until 2015. We selected residents aged 15-65 years at baseline. For each subject, we had information on sex, age and occupation (occupational status and type of job) according to the Italian General Census recognition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We investigated all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular and accidental mortality, major causes of death in the working-age population. We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between occupation and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men and women. RESULTS We selected 1 466 726 subjects (52.1% women). 42 715 men and 29 915 women died during the follow-up. In men, 47.8% of deaths were due to cancer, 26.7% to cardiovascular causes and 6.4% to accidents, whereas in women 57.8% of deaths were due to cancer, 19.3% to cardiovascular causes and 3.5% to accidents. We found an association between occupational variables and mortality, more evident in men than in women. Compared with employed, unemployed had a higher risk of mortality for all causes with an HR=1.99 (95% CI 1.92 to 2.06) in men and an HR=1.49 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.60) in women. Compared with high-qualified non-manual workers, non-specialised manual workers had a higher mortality risk (HR=1.68, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.77 and HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.40, for men and women, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study shows the importance of occupational variables as social health determinants and provides evidence for policy-makers on the necessity of integrated and preventive policies aimed at improving the safety of the living and the working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Paglione
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Angelici
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy
| | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy
| | - Nera Agabiti
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Cesaroni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy
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De Breij S, Mäcken J, Qvist JY, Holman D, Hess M, Huisman M, Deeg DJH. Educational differences in the influence of health on early work exit among older workers. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:568-575. [PMID: 32269132 PMCID: PMC7402445 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Previous research has shown that poor physical and mental health are important risk factors for early work exit. We examined potential differences in this association in older workers (50+) across educational levels. Methods Coordinated analyses were carried out in longitudinal data sets from four European countries: the Netherlands (Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam), Denmark (Danish Longitudinal Study of Ageing), England (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing) and Germany (German Ageing Survey). The effect of poor self-rated health (SRH), functional limitations and depression on different types of early work exit (early retirement, economic inactivity, disability and unemployment) was examined using Cox regression analysis. We examined educational differences in these effects by testing interaction terms. Results Poor physical and mental health were more common among the lower educated. Poor SRH, functional limitations, and depression were all associated with a higher risk of early work exit. These health effects were strongest for the disability exit routes (poor SRH: HRs 5.77 to 8.14; functional limitations: HRs 6.65 to 10.42; depression: HRs 3.30 to 5.56). In the Netherlands (functional limitations) and England (functional limitations and SRH), effects were stronger in the lower educated. Conclusions The prevalence of health problems, that is, poor SRH, functional limitations and depression, was higher in the lower educated workers. All three health indicators increase the risk of early work exit. In some countries, health effects on early exit were stronger in the lower educated. Thus, lower educated older workers are an important target group for health policy and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha De Breij
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Mäcken
- Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Jeevitha Yogachandiran Qvist
- Centre for Comparative Welfare Studies, Department of Politics and Society, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Holman
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Moritz Hess
- Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Sociology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorly J H Deeg
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Shah M, Parmar A, Chan KKW. Socioeconomic disparity trends in diagnostic imaging, treatments, and survival for non-small cell lung cancer 2007-2016. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3407-3416. [PMID: 32196964 PMCID: PMC7221447 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) has led to treatment and survival disparities; however, limited data exist for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigates the impact of SES on NSCLC diagnostic imaging, treatment, and overall survival (OS), and describes temporal disparity trends. The Ontario Cancer Registry was used to identify NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2016. Through linkage to administrative datasets, patients’ demographics, imaging, treatment, and survival were obtained. Based on median household neighborhood income, the Ontario population was divided into five income quintiles (Q1‐Q5; Q1 = lowest income). Multivariable regressions assessed SES association with OS, imaging, treatment receipt, and treatment delay, and their interaction with year of diagnosis to understand temporal trends. Endpoints were adjusted for demographics, stage and comorbidities, along with treatments and imaging for OS. A total of 50 542 patients were identified. Higher SES patients (Q5 vs. Q1) showed improved 5‐year OS (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87‐0.92; P < .0001) and underwent greater magnetic resonance imaging head (stages IA‐IV; odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.32; P < .0001), lung resection (IA‐IIIA; OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.43‐1.74; P < .0001), platinum‐based vinorelbine adjuvant chemotherapy (IB‐IIIA; OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.39‐1.92; P < .0001), palliative radiation (IV; OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.25; P = .023), and intravenous chemotherapy (IV; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.32‐1.60; P < .0001). Lower SES patients underwent greater thoracic radiation (IA‐IIIB; OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79‐0.94; P = .0003). Across 2007‐2016, socioeconomic disparities remain largely unchanged (interaction P > .05) despite widening income inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ambica Parmar
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelvin K W Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lathrop B. Moving Toward Health Equity by Addressing Social Determinants of Health. Nurs Womens Health 2020; 24:36-44. [PMID: 31911097 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social determinants of health-the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age that affect health and quality of life-are strongly associated with disparities in health status and life expectancy. Nurses require a comprehensive understanding of social determinants and their associations with health outcomes to provide patient-centered care. Nurses can be leaders and change agents in advancing health equity by screening for social determinants that affect women and by engaging in cross-sector collaboration to build partnerships outside the health care system to address complex social needs. Nurses can also use their experience and knowledge to advocate for system-level change, which is required to address the upstream factors influencing the health of women.
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de Breij S, Qvist JY, Holman D, Mäcken J, Seitsamo J, Huisman M, Deeg DJH. Educational inequalities in health after work exit: the role of work characteristics. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1515. [PMID: 31718592 PMCID: PMC6852931 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Educational inequalities in health have been widely reported. A low educational level is associated with more adverse working conditions. Working conditions, in turn, are associated with health and there is evidence that this association remains after work exit. Because many countries are raising the statutory retirement age, lower educated workers have to spend more years working under adverse conditions. Therefore, educational health inequalities may increase in the future. This study examined (1) whether there were educational differences over time in health after work exit and (2) whether work characteristics mediate these educational inequalities in health. Methods Data from five prospective cohort studies were used: The Netherlands (Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam), Denmark (Danish Longitudinal Study of Aging), England (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing), Germany (German Aging Study), and Finland (Finnish Longitudinal Study on Municipal Employees). In each dataset we used Generalized Estimating Equations to examine the relationship between education and self-rated health after work exit with a maximum follow-up of 15 years and possible mediation of work characteristics, including physical demands, psychosocial demands, autonomy, and variation in activities. Results The low educated reported significantly poorer health after work exit than the higher educated. Lower educated workers had a higher risk of high physical demands and a lower risk of high psychosocial demands, high variation in tasks, and high autonomy at work, compared to higher educated workers. These work characteristics were found to be mediators of the relationship between education and health after work exit, consistent across countries. Conclusion Educational inequalities in health are still present after work exit. If workers are to spend an extended part of their lives at work due to an increase in the statutory retirement age, these health inequalities may increase. Improving working conditions will likely reduce these inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha de Breij
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeevitha Yogachandiran Qvist
- Centre for Comparative Welfare Studies, Department of Politics and Society, Aalborg University, Fibigerstræde 1 88a, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Holman
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TU, UK
| | - Jana Mäcken
- Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Universitätsstr. 22a, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jorma Seitsamo
- Department of Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41b, FI-00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Sociology, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorly J H Deeg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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GLASGOW RUSSELLE, HUEBSCHMANN AMYG, KRIST ALEXH, DEGRUY FRANKV. An Adaptive, Contextual, Technology-Aided Support (ACTS) System for Chronic Illness Self-Management. Milbank Q 2019; 97:669-691. [PMID: 31424137 PMCID: PMC6739607 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Fundamental changes are needed in how complex chronic illness conditions are conceptualized and managed. Health management plans for chronic illness need to be integrated, adaptive, contextual, technology aided, patient driven, and designed to address the multilevel social environment of patients' lives. Such primary care-based health management plans are feasible today but will be even more effective and sustainable if supported by systems thinking, technological advances, and policies that create and reinforce home, work, and health care collaborations. CONTEXT The current health care system is failing patients with chronic illness, especially those with complex comorbid conditions and social determinants of health challenges. The current system combined with unsustainable health care costs, lack of support for primary care in the United States, and aging demographics create a frightening probable future. METHODS Recent developments, including integrated behavioral health, community resources to address social determinants, population health infrastructure, patient-centered digital-health self-management support, and complexity science have the potential to help address these alarming trends. This article describes, first, the opportunity to integrate these trends and, second, a proposal for an integrated, patient-directed, adaptive, contextual, and technology-aided support (ACTS) system, based on a patient's life context and home/primary care/work-setting "support triangle." FINDINGS None of these encouraging trends is a panacea, and although most have been described previously, they have not been integrated. Here we discuss an example of integration using these components and how our proposed model (termed My Own Health Report) can be applied, along with its strengths, limitations, implications, and opportunities for practice, policy, and research. CONCLUSIONS This ACTS system builds on and extends the current chronic illness management approaches. It is feasible today and can produce even more dramatic improvements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- RUSSELL E. GLASGOW
- University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science
| | - AMY G. HUEBSCHMANN
- University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science
- Center for Women's Health Research
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Keetile M, Navaneetham K, Letamo G, Rakgoasi SD. Socioeconomic inequalities in non-communicable disease risk factors in Botswana: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1060. [PMID: 31391020 PMCID: PMC6686547 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The debate on socioeconomic inequalities in health dominates the research and policy agenda of many countries. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is on the rise in recent years in Botswana. As a prevention and policy effort, the study provided an empirical evidence on socioeconomic inequalities in NCD risk factors in Botswana. METHODS Data used in this study was derived from a cross sectional survey on chronic non communicable diseases in Botswana conducted in 2016. The survey adopted a multistage sampling design and a sample of 1178 participants (males and females) aged 15 years and above was selected in both urban and rural areas of Botswana. The inequality analysis was conducted employing decomposition analysis using ADePT software version 6. Logistic regression models were used to show the association between NCD risk factors and socioeconomic status using SPSS version 25. RESULTS Concentration indices showed that poor physical activity (CI = 0.0546), alcohol consumption (CI = 0.1859) and overweight/obesity (CI = 0.038) were more concentrated among the non-poor while daily smoking (CI = - 0.0308) and poor fruit/vegetable consumption (CI = - 0.1909) were more concentrated among the poor. Wealth status was observed to be the leading contributor to socioeconomic inequality for daily smoking, poor fruit/vegetable consumption, overweight/obesity and poor physical activity. Education was the leading contributor to socioeconomic inequality for alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Findings in this study indicate the need for concerted differential efforts to address the needs of the poor and non-poor in order to reduce NCD risk factor inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Keetile
- Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Kannan Navaneetham
- Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Gobopamang Letamo
- Department of Population Studies, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Saito I. Is Working at a Small Company a Component of “The Status Syndrome” in Japan? Circ J 2019; 83:1441-1442. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
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Job requirement level, work demands, and health: a prospective study among older workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:1139-1149. [PMID: 31190094 PMCID: PMC6814642 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Persons in lower occupational positions experience higher rates of morbidity compared to workers in higher advantaged positions. Working conditions may explain this occupational health gradient. Most studies consider either psychosocial or physical work demands at one point in time. In our study, we examine both physical and psychosocial work demands and their association with health status differentiated by job requirement level. We further distinguish between constant and changing work demands. Methods Using data from the first two waves of the German cohort study on work, age and health, we analyse a sample of 3644 older workers born in 1959 and 1965. We test direct and mediating effects of high physical and psychosocial work demands on functional physical and mental health. For this, we estimate a prospective path model using multiple linear regression models. Results Our results show that (1) constant high physical and psychosocial work demands affect physical and mental health negatively and (2) high physical workload partly mediates the relationship between job requirement level and physical health. Moreover, at least for men, a reduction of physical and psychosocial workload improves mental health status. Conclusions Research and prevention measures currently focus particularly on psychosocial work demands. Our study shows that high physical workload is still present among older workers. Its negative health effect refers to occupational safety and health measures that take into account both the physical and psychosocial work environment as well as workers’ occupational positions.
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Martinez-Miller EE, Prather AA, Robinson WR, Avery CL, Yang YC, Haan MN, Aiello AE. US acculturation and poor sleep among an intergenerational cohort of adult Latinos in Sacramento, California. Sleep 2019; 42:zsy246. [PMID: 30544165 PMCID: PMC6424080 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acculturation may shape the disproportionate burden of poor sleep among Latinos in the United States. Existing studies are limited by unidimensional acculturation proxies that are incapable of capturing cultural complexities across generations. Understanding how acculturation relates to sleep may lead to the identification of modifiable intervention targets. We used multivariable regression and latent class methods to examine cross-sectional associations between a validated multidimensional scale of US acculturation and self-reported poor sleep measures. We analyzed an intergenerational cohort: first-generation (GEN1) older Latinos (Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging; N = 1,716; median age: 69.5) and second-generation (GEN2) middle-aged offspring and relatives of GEN1 (Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study; N = 670; median age: 54.0) in Sacramento, California. GEN1 with high US acculturation, compared with high acculturation towards another origin/ancestral country, had less restless sleep (prevalence ratio [PR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.67 [0.54, 0.84]) and a higher likelihood of being in the best sleep class than the worst (OR [95% CI]: 1.62 [1.09, 2.40]), but among nonmanual occupations, high intergenerational US acculturation was associated with more general fatigue (PR [95% CI: 1.86 [1.11, 3.10]). GEN2 with high intergenerational US acculturation reported shorter sleep (PR [95% CI]: 2.86 [1.02, 7.99]). High US acculturation shaped sleep differentially by generation, socioeconomic context, and intergenerational acculturative status. High US acculturation was associated with better sleep among older, lower socioeconomic Latinos, but with shorter sleep duration among middle-aged, higher socioeconomic Latinos; results also differed by parental acculturation status. Upon replication, future studies should incorporate prospective and intergenerational designs to uncover sociobehavioral pathways by which acculturation may shape sleep to ultimately inform intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erline E Martinez-Miller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Whitney R Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yang C Yang
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mary N Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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44
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Study protocol: a pragmatic, stepped-wedge trial of tailored support for implementing social determinants of health documentation/action in community health centers, with realist evaluation. Implement Sci 2019; 14:9. [PMID: 30691480 PMCID: PMC6348649 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-019-0855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND National leaders recommend documenting social determinants of health and actions taken to address social determinants of health in electronic health records, and a growing body of evidence suggests the health benefits of doing so. However, little evidence exists to guide implementation of social determinants of health documentation/action. METHODS This paper describes a 5-year, mixed-methods, stepped-wedge trial with realist evaluation, designed to test the impact of providing 30 community health centers with step-by-step guidance on implementing electronic health record-based social determinants of health documentation. This guidance will entail 6 months of tailored support from an interdisciplinary team, including training and technical assistance. We will report on tailored support provided at each of five implementation steps; impact of tailored implementation support; a method for tracking such tailoring; and context-specific pathways through which these tailored strategies effect change. We will track the competencies and resources needed to support the study clinics' implementation efforts. DISCUSSION Results will inform how to tailor implementation strategies to meet local needs in real-world practice settings. Secondary analyses will assess impacts of social determinants of health documentation and referral-making on diabetes outcomes. By learning whether and how scalable, tailored implementation strategies help community health centers adopt social determinants of health documentation and action, this study will yield timely guidance to primary care providers. We are not aware of previous studies exploring implementation strategies that support adoption of social determinants of action using electronic health and interventions, despite the pressing need for such guidance. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03607617 , registration date: 7/31/2018-retrospectively registered.
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Zhou N, Zhu H, Chen Y, Jiang W, Lin X, Tu Y, Chen D, Chen H. Dental caries and associated factors in 3 to 5-year-old children in Zhejiang Province, China: an epidemiological survey. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:9. [PMID: 30630468 PMCID: PMC6329098 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries in preschool children is prevalent worldwide, but data regarding its magnitude and associated factors were not available for preschool children in Zhejiang Province, China. This study examines the dental caries situation and its associated factors in Zhejiang Province. METHODS A total of 1591 children aged 3-5 years and their parents or caregivers were enrolled in this study. The condition of their teeth was assessed by three dental technicians qualified to WHO 2013 criteria. A structured questionnaire was completed by the children's parents or caregivers. A logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors that may be associated with dental caries occurring among preschool children. RESULTS Caries prevalence (dmft> 0) of 3-5 year old children in Zhejiang Province was 70.4%. The mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) scores of the 3, 4 or 5 year old children surveyed were 2.96 ± 4.07, 4.42 ± 4.66, and 5.75 ± 5.19 respectively. The negative binomial regression model found that higher dental caries prevalence was found in children as age increased, with lower body mass index (BMI), with longer breastfeeding duration and with fewer hours of sleep. CONCLUSIONS The dental caries prevalence and dmft score of 3-5-year-old children in Zhejiang Province was high, and it was associated with age, BMI, breastfeeding duration and hours slept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Haihua Zhu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingwan Chen
- Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
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46
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Mnatzaganian G, Hiller JE, Fletcher J, Putland M, Knott C, Braitberg G, Begg S, Bish M. Socioeconomic gradients in admission to coronary or intensive care units among Australians presenting with non-traumatic chest pain in emergency departments. BMC Emerg Med 2018; 18:32. [PMID: 30268098 PMCID: PMC6162924 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-018-0185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular morbidity have been previously reported showing direct associations between socioeconomic disadvantage and worse health outcomes. However, disagreement remains regarding the strength of the direct associations. The main objective of this panel design was to inspect socioeconomic gradients in admission to a coronary care unit (CCU) or an intensive care unit (ICU) among adult patients presenting with non-traumatic chest pain in three acute-care public hospitals in Victoria, Australia, during 2009-2013. METHODS Consecutive adults aged 18 or over presenting with chest pain in three emergency departments (ED) in Victoria, Australia during the five-year study period were eligible to participate. A relative index of inequality of socioeconomic status (SES) was estimated based on residential postcode socioeconomic index for areas (SEIFA) disadvantage scores. Admission to specialised care units over repeated presentations was modelled using a multivariable Generalized Estimating Equations approach that accounted for various socio-demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS Non-traumatic chest pain accounted for 10% of all presentations in the emergency departments (ED). A total of 53,177 individuals presented during the study period, with 22.5% presenting more than once. Of all patients, 17,579 (33.1%) were hospitalised over time, of whom 8584 (48.8%) were treated in a specialised care unit. Female sex was independently associated with fewer admissions to CCU / ICU, whereas, a dose-response effect of socioeconomic disadvantage and admission to CCU / ICU was found, with risk of admission increasing incrementally as SES declined. Patients coming from the lowest SES locations were 27% more likely to be admitted to these units compared with those coming from the least disadvantaged locations, p < 0.001. Men were significantly more likely to be admitted to such units than similarly affected and aged women among those diagnosed with angina pectoris, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, chest pain, and general signs and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report socioeconomic gradients in admission to CCU / ICU in patients presenting with chest pain showing a dose-response effect. Our findings suggest increased cardiovascular morbidity as socioeconomic disadvantage increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mnatzaganian
- La Trobe Rural Health School, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, PO Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia.
| | - Janet E Hiller
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jason Fletcher
- Intensive Care Unit, Bendigo Health, Barnard Street, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Putland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cameron Knott
- Intensive Care Unit, Bendigo Health, Barnard Street, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.,Monash Rural Health Bendigo, Monash University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - George Braitberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Integrated Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Begg
- La Trobe Rural Health School, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, PO Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia
| | - Melanie Bish
- La Trobe Rural Health School, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, PO Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia
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D’Hooge L, Achterberg P, Reeskens T. Mind over matter. The impact of subjective social status on health outcomes and health behaviors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202489. [PMID: 30183731 PMCID: PMC6124725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent insights have shown subjective status to impact health and health behavior. It is however unclear how this exactly happens. In this study we explore two mechanisms: this of a direct, mediating effect of subjective status explaining the impact of material class on health outcomes and behavior and an indirect, moderating impact on the relationship between material class and health outcomes and behavior. To test this empirically we conduct two studies, focusing on Great-Britain, using survey-data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N: 2709-3448) and the Whitehall II-study (N: 6275-6467). Our linear and logistic regression analyses show subjective status has a mainly direct impact on health outcomes and has both a direct, mediating and indirect, moderating impact on health behavior. In the conclusion of our article we reflect on the theoretical reasons why subjective status has a direct impact in certain cases, while playing an indirect role in other cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo D’Hooge
- Department of Sociology, Tilburg University, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Achterberg
- Department of Sociology, Tilburg University, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Reeskens
- Department of Sociology, Tilburg University, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Gold R, Bunce A, Cowburn S, Dambrun K, Dearing M, Middendorf M, Mossman N, Hollombe C, Mahr P, Melgar G, Davis J, Gottlieb L, Cottrell E. Adoption of Social Determinants of Health EHR Tools by Community Health Centers. Ann Fam Med 2018; 16:399-407. [PMID: 30201636 PMCID: PMC6131002 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This pilot study assessed the feasibility of implementing electronic health record (EHR) tools for collecting, reviewing, and acting on patient-reported social determinants of health (SDH) data in community health centers (CHCs). We believe it is the first such US study. METHODS We implemented a suite of SDH data tools in 3 Pacific Northwest CHCs in June 2016, and used mixed methods to assess their adoption through July 2017. We modified the tools at clinic request; for example, we added questions that ask if the patient wanted assistance with SDH needs. RESULTS Social determinants of health data were collected on 1,130 patients during the study period; 97% to 99% of screened patients (n = 1,098) had ≥1 SDH need documented in the EHR, of whom 211 (19%) had an EHR-documented SDH referral. Only 15% to 21% of patients with a documented SDH need indicated wanting help. Examples of lessons learned on adoption of EHR SDH tools indicate that clinics should: consider how to best integrate tools into existing workflow processes; ensure that staff tasked with SDH efforts receive adequate tool training and access; and consider that timing of data entry impacts how and when SDH data can be used. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that adoption of systematic EHR-based SDH documentation may be feasible, but substantial barriers to adoption exist. Lessons from this study may inform primary care providers seeking to implement SDH-related efforts, and related health policies. Far more research is needed to address implementation barriers related to SDH documentation in EHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gold
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon .,OCHIN, Inc, Portland, Oregon
| | - Arwen Bunce
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Celine Hollombe
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Peter Mahr
- Multnomah County Health Department, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - James Davis
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
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Madsen IEH, Gupta N, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Bonde JP, Framke E, Flachs EM, Petersen SB, Svane-Petersen AC, Holtermann A, Rugulies R. Physical work demands and psychosocial working conditions as predictors of musculoskeletal pain: a cohort study comparing self-reported and job exposure matrix measurements. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:752-758. [PMID: 30045952 PMCID: PMC6166595 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determining exposure to occupational factors by workers' job titles is extensively used in epidemiological research. However, the correspondence of findings regarding associations to health between job exposure matrices (JEMs) and individual-level exposure data is largely unknown. We set out to examine the prospective associations of physical work demands and psychosocial working conditions with musculoskeletal pain, comparing JEMs with individual-level self-reported exposures. METHODS We analysed data of 8132 participants from the Work Environment and Health in Denmark cohort study. Using random intercept multilevel modelling, we constructed age-specific and sex-specific JEMs estimating predicted exposures in job groups. We analysed associations between working conditions (individual and JEM level) at baseline and musculoskeletal pain at follow-up using multilevel modelling stratified by sex, adjusting for age, education and baseline pain. RESULTS Any consistent associations present in the individual-level analysis were also found in the JEM-level analysis. Higher pain levels at follow-up was seen for employees with higher baseline physical work demands, women exposed to violence and men with lower decision authority, whether measured at the individual or JEM level. Higher JEM-level quantitative demands were associated with less pain, but no association was seen at the individual level. CONCLUSIONS We found predominately comparable prospective associations between working conditions and pain, whether using JEMs or individual level exposures, with the exception of quantitative demands. The results suggest that, with few notable exceptions, findings obtained using JEMs may be comparable with those obtained when using self-reported exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Framke
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sesilje Bondo Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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50
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Vahedi A, Krug I, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Westrupp EM. Longitudinal associations between work-family conflict and enrichment, inter-parental conflict, and child internalizing and externalizing problems. Soc Sci Med 2018; 211:251-260. [PMID: 29966820 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Work-family conflict and enrichment refer to parents' challenges and benefits of combining work and family roles. Emerging evidence suggests detrimental effects of work-family conflict and facilitating effects of work-family enrichment on couple, family, and child functioning. This effect may be more pronounced in mothers, who must juggle different roles within the family and work context. To date, research has examined these relations as unidirectional, but reciprocal associations may be possible. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the shape and direction of associations between maternal work-family conflict and enrichment, child internalizing and externalizing problems, and inter-parental conflict. METHOD Growth curve modelling used six waves of biennial data spanning ten years of childhood (4-5 to 14-15 years) for 2946 children and their employed mothers from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. RESULTS Results indicated bidirectional associations between the work-family interface and child outcomes; mothers' initial work-family conflict was associated with a quadratic increase in child internalizing (but not externalizing) problems over time. Child internalizing problems at 4-5 years predicted a linear decrease in mothers' work-family enrichment over time. However, work-family enrichment at 4-5 years was not associated with the change in either child internalizing or externalizing problems. Work-family conflict and inter-parental conflict at 4-5 years were not associated with change in one another. Initial work-family enrichment was associated with a quadratic decrease in inter-parental conflict, and initial inter-parental conflict was associated with a linear increase in externalizing problems; no evident reverse association was found. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate the importance of the work-family interface in shaping family health outcomes. The primary direction of influence was from work-family factors to inter-parental conflict and child mental health problems. Thus, interventions aimed at promoting family-friendly work environments and policies would likely yield benefits for parents and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andisheh Vahedi
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia; Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth M Westrupp
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia; Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia; Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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