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Gamification for Family Engagement in Lifestyle Interventions: A Systematic Review. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 22:831-844. [PMID: 33786746 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of chronic conditions that plague the USA are modifiable by lifestyle change. Lifestyle interventions that incorporate family members for social support and that use game design elements to engage family members have the potential to improve upon traditional interventions, which have largely been unsustainable. Determining the populations where family member support in a lifestyle intervention are present and the extent of gamification of lifestyle intervention components that engage these family members is an important and underexplored area of work. A systematic review of lifestyle interventions involving family members were reviewed for game design elements using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Game design elements related to engaged learning and motivational affordances from previous literature were included. Sixty-one studies met inclusion criteria. These studies reported on 50 independent interventions that were reviewed. Thirty-one of these interventions addressed lifestyle in those with a chronic condition, and 19 addressed lifestyle in those at high risk for chronic conditions. The majority of the lifestyle interventions included at least one game design element, yet overall there were limited elements utilized together. Compared with successful gamified programs that have greatly impacted a population's health behaviors, there were relatively a limited number of elements reported, particularly those that support social relatedness, such as meaningful storylines. Meaningfulness of the game design elements chosen and their arrangement was not apparent. Technology was under-utilized as a potential modality for intervention component delivery. Developing products to train researchers to properly apply game design elements to intervention components, as well as test their effectiveness, are areas for future research.
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Ting CY, Ahmad Zaidi Adruce S, Lim CJ, Abd Jabar AHA, Ting RSK, Ting H, Osman NA, Ngau E, Talin BA, Muhammad M, Loo SC, Lim SE, Hassali MA. Effectiveness of a pharmacist-led structured group-based intervention in improving medication adherence and glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A randomized controlled trial. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 17:344-355. [PMID: 32327398 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pharmacist-led structured group-based intervention (MEDIHEALTH) was formulated to improve medication adherence among Malay type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of MEDIHEALTH and its mechanism of impact for improving medication adherence and the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. METHODS A two group and parallel randomised controlled trial with a twelve months follow-up period was conducted at two primary health clinics in Malaysia that were surrounded by Malay communities. Malay T2DM patients whose HbA1c was >7% and total score on the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS) was <26 were recruited and parallelly randomised to the MEDIHEALTH or usual care (control) groups. The extended theory of planned behaviour was employed to test the mechanism of impact. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to assess the difference in the estimated marginal mean of the SEAMS scores and HbA1c level between the intervention and control groups at different times. RESULTS A total of 142 participants were recruited and randomised; three from the intervention group and eight from the control group withdrew before receiving any treatment. Hence, 68 participants in the intervention group and 63 in the control group were included for analyses. The MEDIHEALTH group had a significantly greater increase in the SEAMS score compared to the control group (p < 0.001) at one, three, six and twelve months post-intervention. There was also a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c in the MEDIHEALTH compared to the control group at one, three, six and twelve months post-intervention (p < 0.001). These improvements were mediated by enhancements in perceived behavioural control and knowledge about medications. CONCLUSIONS The MEDIHEALTH may improve medication adherence and glycaemic control among Malay T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Yew Ting
- Institute of Borneo Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; Pharmacy Practice and Development Division, Sarawak State Health Department Sarawak, Minitry of Health, Malaysia.
| | - Shahren Ahmad Zaidi Adruce
- Institute of Borneo Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; Faculty of Cognitive Science and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Chien Joo Lim
- Clinical Research & Innovation Office, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | - Rachel Sing-Kiat Ting
- Monash University, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hiram Ting
- Sarawak Research Society, Sarawak, Malaysia; Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Management, UCSI University, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Anizah Osman
- Pharmacy Practice and Development Division, Sarawak State Health Department Sarawak, Minitry of Health, Malaysia.
| | - Esther Ngau
- Pharmacy Department, Petra Jaya Health Clinic, Petra Jaya, Kuching, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
| | - Benodict Apok Talin
- Pharmacy Enforcement Division, Sarawak State Health Department Sarawak, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
| | - Munira Muhammad
- Pharmaceutical Services Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
| | - Shing Chyi Loo
- Pharmacy Enforcement Division, Sarawak State Health Department Sarawak, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
| | - Su Ee Lim
- Pharmacy Practice and Development Division, Sarawak State Health Department Sarawak, Minitry of Health, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Azmi Hassali
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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Participants' Perceptions of "C.H.A.M.P. Families": A Parent-Focused Intervention Targeting Paediatric Overweight and Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122171. [PMID: 31248201 PMCID: PMC6617231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recently, our team implemented a 13-week group-based intervention for parents of children with obesity ("C.H.A.M.P. Families"). The primary objective of this study was to explore, qualitatively, parents' perspectives of their experiences in and influence of C.H.A.M.P. Families, as well as their recommendations for future paediatric obesity treatment interventions. Methods: Twelve parents (seven mothers, five fathers/step-fathers) representing seven children (four girls, three boys) with obesity participated in one of two focus groups following the intervention. Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim and data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Findings showed that parents perceived their participation in C.H.A.M.P. Families to be a positive experience. Participants highlighted several positive health-related outcomes for children, families, and parents. Parents also underscored the importance and positive impact of the group environment, specific educational content, and additional program components such as free child-minding. Recommendations for future interventions were also provided, including greater child involvement and more practical strategies. Finally, parents identified several barriers including socioenvironmental issues, time constraints, and parenting challenges. Conclusions: Researchers developing family-based childhood obesity interventions should consider the balance of parent and child involvement, as well as emphasize group dynamics strategies and positive family communication.
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Luque V, Feliu A, Escribano J, Ferré N, Flores G, Monné R, Gutiérrez-Marín D, Guillen N, Muñoz-Hernando J, Zaragoza-Jordana M, Gispert-Llauradó M, Rubio-Torrents C, Núñez-Roig M, Alcázar M, Ferré R, Basora JM, Hsu P, Alegret-Basora C, Arasa F, Venables M, Singh P, Closa-Monasterolo R. The Obemat2.0 Study: A Clinical Trial of a Motivational Intervention for Childhood Obesity Treatment. Nutrients 2019; 11:E419. [PMID: 30781525 PMCID: PMC6413236 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the Obemat2.0 trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent motivational program for the treatment of childhood obesity, coordinated between primary care and hospital specialized services, compared to the usual intervention performed in primary care. This was a cluster randomized clinical trial conducted in Spain, with two intervention arms: motivational intervention group vs. usual care group (as control), including 167 participants in each. The motivational intervention consisted of motivational interviewing, educational materials, use of an eHealth physical activity monitor and three group-based sessions. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI) z score increments before and after the 12 (+3) months of intervention. Secondary outcomes (pre-post intervention) were: adherence to treatment, waist circumference (cm), fat mass index (z score), fat free mass index (z score), total body water (kg), bone mineral density (z score), blood lipids profile, glucose metabolism, and psychosocial problems. Other assessments (pre and post-intervention) were: sociodemographic information, physical activity, sedentary activity, neuropsychological testing, perception of body image, quality of the diet, food frequency consumption and foods available at home. The results of this clinical trial could open a window of opportunity to support professionals at the primary care to treat childhood obesity. The clinicaltrials.gov identifier was NCT02889406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Luque
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Albert Feliu
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Escribano
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Natalia Ferré
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Gemma Flores
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, IDIAPJGol, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Raquel Monné
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, IDIAPJGol, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Desirée Gutiérrez-Marín
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Núria Guillen
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Judit Muñoz-Hernando
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Marta Zaragoza-Jordana
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Mariona Gispert-Llauradó
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Carme Rubio-Torrents
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Mercè Núñez-Roig
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Mireia Alcázar
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Raimon Ferré
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Josep M Basora
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, IDIAPJGol, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Pablo Hsu
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, IDIAPJGol, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Clara Alegret-Basora
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain.
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, IDIAPJGol, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Francesc Arasa
- Hospital Verge de la Cinta, 43500 Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Priya Singh
- MRC Elsie Widdowson laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Ricardo Closa-Monasterolo
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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"C.H.A.M.P. Families": Description and Theoretical Foundations of a Paediatric Overweight and Obesity Intervention Targeting Parents-A Single-Centre Non-Randomised Feasibility Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122858. [PMID: 30558152 PMCID: PMC6313348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents a significant global health challenge, and treatment interventions are needed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the components and theoretical model that was used in the development and implementation of a unique parent-focussed paediatric overweight/obesity intervention. C.H.A.M.P. Families was a single-centre, prospective intervention offered to parents of children aged between 6–14 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile for age and sex. The intervention included: (1) eight group-based (parent-only) education sessions over 13-weeks; (2) eight home-based activities; and (3) two group-based (family) follow-up support sessions. The first section of the manuscript contains a detailed description of each intervention component, as well as an overview of ongoing feasibility analyses. The theoretical portion details the use of evidence-based group dynamics principles and motivational interviewing techniques within the context of a broader social cognitive theory foundation. This paper provides researchers with practical examples of how theoretical constructs and evidence-based strategies can be applied in the development and implementation of parent-focussed paediatric obesity interventions. Given the need for transparent reporting of intervention designs and theoretical foundations, this paper also adds to the areas of implementation science and knowledge translation research.
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Holliday CM. A Snapshot of Community Engagement in Research in the Context of an Evolving Public Health Paradigm: Review. J Particip Med 2018; 10:e1. [PMID: 33052111 PMCID: PMC7434095 DOI: 10.2196/jopm.8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community engagement is a work in process. Researchers continue to refine the process of collaboration and look to best practice and lessons learned for guidance in this relatively new model. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide a snapshot of whether community engagement has been included in the design and implementation of research initiatives in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. The secondary aim is to identify the underlying themes present, to identify theories and tools that drive research. METHODS A literature search was performed to identify studies that have been conducted to reduce the weight of the general population. RESULTS The results of the study, which focused on the field of weight loss, indicate that scientific and technological advancements are the primary drivers of research. However, these new research initiatives have largely been undertaken in the absence of community engagement. CONCLUSIONS The study concludes that initiatives need to adapt to a wider range of stakeholders, develop equitable community engagement platforms and take into consideration.
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Burke SM, Shapiro S, Petrella RJ, Irwin JD, Jackman M, Pearson ES, Prapavessis H, Shoemaker JK. Using the RE-AIM framework to evaluate a community-based summer camp for children with obesity: a prospective feasibility study. BMC OBESITY 2015. [PMID: 26217536 PMCID: PMC4511021 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-015-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing rates of childhood overweight and obesity highlight a need for the evaluation of lifestyle interventions. The purpose of the study was to determine the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance of a novel family-focused program targeting children with obesity (i.e., the Children’s Health and Activity Modification Program [C.H.A.M.P.]) using the RE-AIM framework, an evaluation tool for community-based health interventions. Methods A single-centre, single cohort interventional feasibility study was conducted over the course of two years. Children with obesity and their families completed a 4-week group-based lifestyle intervention in Year 1 (n = 15; Mage = 10.6; 53% female) and/or Year 2 (n = 25; Mage = 10.6; 56% female). Outcome variables were measured pre- and post-intervention, as well as 6- and 12-months following completion of the formal program. Results Overall, C.H.A.M.P. had high reach in terms of participant representativeness. In addition, participation in the program was associated with significantly improved standardized body mass index (BMI-z), body fat percentage, lean mass percentage, and child- and parent-proxy reported quality of life (QOL; effectiveness/individual maintenance). Furthermore, a number of community partnerships were built, strengthened, and maintained prior to, during, and following implementation of the two-year program (adoption/setting maintenance, respectively). Finally, the intervention was delivered as intended as evidenced by high adherence to the schedule, attendance rates, and cost effectiveness (implementation). Conclusions Based on RE-AIM metrics, C.H.A.M.P. appears to be a promising childhood obesity program. The findings reported will inform researchers and practitioners on how to design and implement future community-based programs addressing pediatric obesity. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, Study ID ISRCTN13143236. Registered 27 March 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M Burke
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Sheree Shapiro
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Robert J Petrella
- Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada ; School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Michelle Jackman
- Section of Hospital Pediatrics & Pediatric Centre for Weight & Health, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada
| | - Erin S Pearson
- School of Kinesiology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
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Pearson ES, Irwin JD, Burke SM, Shapiro S. Parental perspectives of a 4-week family-based lifestyle intervention for children with obesity. Glob J Health Sci 2012; 5:111-22. [PMID: 23445699 PMCID: PMC4776793 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n2p111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The childhood obesity epidemic is now recognized as one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Community-based behaviour modification treatment programs involving both children and their families are warranted. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of parents whose children participated in the Children's Health and Activity Modification Program (C.H.A.M.P.): a 4-week lifestyle program delivered as a day-camp for obese children at risk for type II diabetes and their families. Parents were required to attend four half-day education sessions during the intervention period. METHODS Seven focus groups were conducted immediately following the 4-week interventions offered in August 2008 and 2009. The perspectives of 38 parents representing 32 children aged 8-14 with obesity (i.e., body mass index > the 95th percentile) were shared. RESULTS Overall, parents were pleased with the impact of the program and proud of their children's accomplishments (e.g., increased physical activity levels, enhanced self-esteem, weight loss). Several facilitators to success (e.g., social support; a positive environment) and barriers to its maintenance (e.g., time management; unsupportive family members) were identified, and recommendations were made for future programs. Although parents found the half-day sessions valuable, post-programmatic bi-monthly booster session adherence declined over the one-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION Delivered as a 4-week day-camp, C.H.A.M.P. represents a unique approach to the treatment of childhood obesity. Future family-based interventions should consider avenues for intensifying the parental program component whilst employing strategies to promote parental adherence in service of enhancing long-term sustainability of health behaviour changes.
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Pearson ES, Irwin JD, Burke SM. The Children's Health and Activity Modification Program (C.H.A.M.P.): participants' perspectives of a four-week lifestyle intervention for children with obesity. J Child Health Care 2012; 16:382-94. [PMID: 23045293 DOI: 10.1177/1367493512446239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, there is a paucity of qualitative research examining the influence of community-based interventions for childhood obesity on the participants themselves. This study explored the experiences of children who participated in the Children's Health and Activity Modification Program (C.H.A.M.P.), a four-week day camp for children with obesity aged 8-14, in order to uncover key program elements for positive behavior change. Following the intervention, children (n = 36) participated in focus groups where they were asked about their experiences pertaining to physical activity and nutrition, what it was like to be part of a team, and how they felt about themselves. Findings revealed that participants perceived C.H.A.M.P. as helpful (e.g. in making healthier food choices, being more active, and feeling more confident and self-aware). This pilot study offers unique insights into the perspectives of children with obesity. Results are discussed with respect to future program development and research for childhood obesity treatment.
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de Carvalho ML, de Freitas CM. [Cycling to achieve healthy and sustainable alternatives]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2012; 17:1617-28. [PMID: 22699651 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232012000600024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for healthier cities and citizens has contributed to the strengthening of public policies championing the bicycle as a means of transportation and offering benefits to individual wellbeing in various countries, however there is also an increased risk of accidents. The scope of this review is to analyze scientific output dealing with the relationship between cycling as a means of transportation and public health. PubMed, LILACS and SciELO were the chosen databases used in the research and 66 complete articles were selected. The results show that concern about this theme is recent, especially in developing countries. The most recurrent topics raised by the researchers were: traffic safety, public policies and the effects of cycling on health. We concluded that the decision to use the bicycle as a means of transportation occurs in a very heterogeneous manner, albeit with potentially greater impacts in developing countries where the inclusion of this theme in the research agendas related to the promotion of active transport, health and traffic safety is a matter of urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauren Lopes de Carvalho
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21.041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ.
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Estabrooks PA, Harden SM, Burke SM. Group Dynamics in Physical Activity Promotion: What works? SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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