1
|
Araujo N, Sledziona J, Noothi SK, Burikhanov R, Hebbar N, Ganguly S, Shrestha-Bhattarai T, Zhu B, Katz WS, Zhang Y, Taylor BS, Liu J, Chen L, Weiss HL, He D, Wang C, Morris AJ, Cassis LA, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Nagareddy PR, Melander O, Evers BM, Kern PA, Rangnekar VM. Tumor Suppressor Par-4 Regulates Complement Factor C3 and Obesity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860446. [PMID: 35425699 PMCID: PMC9004617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the physiological function of Par-4 remains unknown. Here we show that conventional Par-4 knockout (Par-4-/-) mice and adipocyte-specific Par-4 knockout (AKO) mice, but not hepatocyte-specific Par-4 knockout mice, are obese with standard chow diet. Par-4-/- and AKO mice exhibit increased absorption and storage of fat in adipocytes. Mechanistically, Par-4 loss is associated with mdm2 downregulation and activation of p53. We identified complement factor c3 as a p53-regulated gene linked to fat storage in adipocytes. Par-4 re-expression in adipocytes or c3 deletion reversed the obese mouse phenotype. Moreover, obese human subjects showed lower expression of Par-4 relative to lean subjects, and in longitudinal studies, low baseline Par-4 levels denoted an increased risk of developing obesity later in life. These findings indicate that Par-4 suppresses p53 and its target c3 to regulate obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Araujo
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James Sledziona
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sunil K. Noothi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Saptadwipa Ganguly
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Tripti Shrestha-Bhattarai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Wendy S. Katz
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Barry S. Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Daheng He
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mariana Nikolova-Karakashian
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Philip A. Kern
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saleh J, Al-Maqbali M, Abdel-Hadi D. Role of Complement and Complement-Related Adipokines in Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Fat Storage. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1411-1429. [PMID: 31688967 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue releases many cytokines and inflammatory factors described as adipokines. In obesity, adipokines released from expanding adipose tissue are implicated in disease progression and metabolic dysfunction. However, mechanisms controlling the progression of adiposity and metabolic complications are not fully understood. It has been suggested that expanding fat mass and sustained release of inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue lead to hypoxia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cellular damage. These changes trigger an immune response involving infiltration of adipose tissue with immune cells, complement activation and generation of factors involved in opsonization and clearance of damaged cells. Abundant evidence now indicates that adipose tissue is an active secretory source of complement and complement-related adipokines that, in addition to their inflammatory role, contribute to the regulation of metabolic function. This article highlights advances in knowledge regarding the role of these adipokines in energy regulation of adipose tissue through modulating lipogenic and lipolytic pathways. Several adipokines will be discussed including adipsin, Factor H, properdin, C3a, Acylation-Stimulating Protein, C1q/TNF-related proteins, and response gene to complement-32 (RGC-32). Interactions between these factors will be described considering their immune-metabolic roles in the adipose tissue microenvironment and their potential contribution to progression of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. The differential expression and the role of complement factors in gender-related fat partitioning will also be addressed. Identifying lipogenic adipokines and their specific autocrine/paracrine roles may provide means for adipose-tissue-targeted therapeutic interventions that may disrupt the vicious circle of adiposity and disease progression. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1411-1429, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muna Al-Maqbali
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mishra S, Gupta V, Mishra S, Kulshrestha H, Kumar S, Gupta V, Sachan R, Mahdi AA. Association of acylation stimulating protein and adiponectin with metabolic risk marker in North Indian obese women. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2987-2990. [PMID: 30078743 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentrations of Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and adiponectin are associated with body weight and energy homeostasis. The purpose of this study is to describe the potential role of acylation stimulating protein and adiponectin with metabolic risk marker in North Indian obese women. METHODS This is a case control study. Total 520 women were recruited for the study n = 260 women with obesity (BMI>30) study group and n = 260 women without obesity (BMI<25) control group. Serum ASP and adiponectin level were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Result indicated that WC, BP, lipid profile, FPG, FPI, IR (HOMA-IR), ASP were significantly higher but adiponectin and HDL were significantly lower in women with obesity than in women without obesity. Furthermore ASP was significantly positive correlated with WC, FPG, TG, VLDL, FPI and IR, whereas the correlation of adiponectin was significantly negative correlated with WC, FPG, TG, IR, ASP and significantly positive correlated with HDL in women with obesity. CONCLUSION The study shows that high level of ASP and low level of Adiponectin could be a potential marker of women with obesity among metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Mishra
- Department of Physiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vani Gupta
- Department of Physiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sameeksha Mishra
- Department of Physiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Himani Kulshrestha
- Department of Physiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Science, Saifai Etawah, India
| | - Rekha Sachan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Corvillo F, Akinci B. An overview of lipodystrophy and the role of the complement system. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:223-232. [PMID: 31177059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a major component of innate immunity playing essential roles in the destruction of pathogens, the clearance of apoptotic cells and immune complexes, the enhancement of phagocytosis, inflammation, and the modulation of adaptive immune responses. During the last decades, numerous studies have shown that the complement system has key functions in the biology of certain tissues. For example, complement contributes to normal brain and embryonic development and to the homeostasis of lipid metabolism. However, the complement system is subjected to the effective balance between activation-inactivation to maintain complement homeostasis and to prevent self-injury to cells or tissues. When this control is disrupted, serious pathologies eventually develop, such as C3 glomerulopathy, autoimmune conditions and infections. Another heterogeneous group of ultra-rare diseases in which complement abnormalities have been described are the lipodystrophy syndromes. These diseases are characterized by the loss of adipose tissue throughout the entire body or partially. Complement over-activation has been reported in most of the patients with acquired partial lipodystrophy (also called Barraquer-Simons Syndrome) and in some cases of the generalized variety of the disease (Lawrence Syndrome). Even so, the mechanism through which the complement system induces adipose tissue abnormalities remains unclear. This review focuses on describing the link between the complement system and certain forms of lipodystrophy. In addition, we present an overview regarding the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, classification, and management of patients with lipodystrophy associated with complement abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Corvillo
- Complement Research Group, La Paz University Hospital Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER U754), Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Akinci
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Room 5313, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karkhaneh M, Qorbani M, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Hoseini S. Association of serum complement C3 with metabolic syndrome components in normal weight obese women. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:49. [PMID: 29299442 PMCID: PMC5745599 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased serum complement C3 has been related to body fat mass, metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of C3 in the subjects of normal weight obese (hereafter NWO) as well as their possible relationships with metabolic syndrome and inflammation. METHODS In this case-control study, 40 obese women with normal weight (body mass index (BMI) = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and body fat percentage above 30% (fat mass (FM) > 30%) and 30 non-obese women (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and fat percentage less than 25% (FM < 25%) were selected as the study sample. Body composition was analyzed using Bio Impedance analyzer. Blood samples were then collected and analyzed for fasting serum concentration of lipid components of metabolic syndrome, insulin, serum complement C3 and High sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP). RESULTS Mean waist and hip circumferences in NWO was higher than non-NWO (74.78 ± 4.81 versus 70.76 ± 2.91 and 99.12 ± 4.32 versus 93.16 ± 2/91, respectively, P-value < 0.001). However, the mean waist-to-hip ratio did not differ significantly (p = 0.448). The mean fasting serum concentration of complement C3, hsCRP and insulin was higher in NWO compared to that in non-NWO (P-value < 0.05). Moreover, insulin sensitivity in NWO was lower than that in non-NWO (0.357 versus 0.374, p-value = 0.043). Moreover, a significant correlation was found between body fat percentage and fasting serum complement C3 and insulin concentration (r = 0.417 and r = 0.254, p-value < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION Obese women with normal body mass index but high body fat percentage have higher serum C3 and are at a higher risk for metabolic dysregulation and metabolic syndrome than the healthy non-obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karkhaneh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hoseini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdost street, Naderi street, Keshavarz Blv., Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Controversial C5a Receptor C5aR2: Its Role in Health and Disease. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:8193932. [PMID: 28706957 PMCID: PMC5494583 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8193932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After the discovery of the C5a receptor C5aR1, C5aR2 is the second receptor found to bind C5a and its des-arginine form. As a heptahelical G protein-coupled receptor but devoid of the intracellular Gα signal, C5aR2 is special and confusing. Ramifications and controversies about C5aR2 are under debate since its identification, from putative ligands and cellular localization to intracellular signals and pathological roles in inflammation and immunity. The ruleless and even conflicting pro- or anti-inflammatory role of C5aR2 in animal models of diverse diseases makes one bewildered. This review summarizes reports on C5aR2, tries to clear up available evidence on these four controversial aspects, and delineates C5aR2 function(s). It also summarizes available toolboxes for C5aR2 study.
Collapse
|
7
|
C3 Polymorphism Influences Circulating Levels of C3, ASP and Lipids in Schizophrenic Patients. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:906-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Al Riyami B, El-Tahir M, Al Maskari S, Johnson EH, Saleh J. Acute effects of exogenous hormone administration on postprandial acylation stimulating protein levels in ovariectomized rats after a fat load. J Nutr Metab 2014; 2014:510916. [PMID: 25525514 PMCID: PMC4267214 DOI: 10.1155/2014/510916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. ASP, a potent lipogenic factor, was linked to female fat metabolism in association studies. Aim. To investigate acute effects of sex hormone treatment on postprandial ASP levels in vivo. Methods. 24 female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including controls. The rats were ovariectomized and injected with progesterone, estrogen, or testosterone. An hour later, olive oil was administered orally. Plasma ASP and triglycerides were measured at several postprandial time points. Area under the curve (TG-AUC) represented TG clearance. Results. Only the progesterone treated group had a significant postprandial ASP increase at two hours compared to basal levels (439.8 ± 62.4 versus 253.4 ± 59.03 μg/mL, P = 0.04). Interestingly, increased ASP levels coordinated negatively with corresponding TG levels and TG-AUC postprandially, mostly evident in the opposite effects in the progesterone and testosterone treated groups. ASP levels increased 3-fold in the progesterone versus testosterone treated groups, whereas TG-AUC was significantly lower. Conclusion. These findings suggest that progesterone enhances ASP production and TG clearance simultaneously, supporting the notion of a stimulatory role for progesterone on ASP-mediated TG clearance. This is the first functional study demonstrating a cause-effect relationship between hormone treatment and ASP levels in vivo and may contribute to understanding the mechanism of progesterone function as a female lipogenic hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashair Al Riyami
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Marah El-Tahir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Sultan Al Maskari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Eugene H. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Jumana Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123 Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Protective role for properdin in progression of experimental murine atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92404. [PMID: 24667818 PMCID: PMC3965423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, dietary and immune factors contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans and mice. Complement activation is an integral part of the innate immune defence but also shapes cellular responses and influences directly triglyceride synthesis. Deficiency of Factor B of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement is beneficial in LDLR(-/-) mice fed a high fat diet. The serum glycoprotein properdin is a key positive regulator of the AP but has not been studied in experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis was assessed after feeding low fat (LFD) or high fat (HFD) Western type diets to newly generated LDLR(-/-) Properdin(KO) (LDLR(-/-)P(KO)) and LDLR-/-PWT mice. Lipids, lymphocytes and monocytes were similar among genotypes, genders and diets. Complement C3, but not C3adesarg, levels were enhanced in LDLR(-/-)P(KO) mice regardless of diet type or gender. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were decreased in male LDLR(-/-)P(KO) fed a HFD compared with controls. All mice showed significant atherosclerotic burden in aortae and at aortic roots but male LDLR(-/-) mice fed a LFD were affected to the greatest extent by the absence of properdin. The protective effect of properdin expression was overwhelmed in both genders of LDLR(-/-)mice when fed a HFD. We conclude that properdin plays an unexpectedly beneficial role in the development and progression of early atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Klos A, Wende E, Wareham KJ, Monk PN. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. [corrected]. LXXXVII. Complement peptide C5a, C4a, and C3a receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:500-43. [PMID: 23383423 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the complement cascade, a cornerstone of the innate immune response, produces a number of small (74-77 amino acid) fragments, originally termed anaphylatoxins, that are potent chemoattractants and secretagogues that act on a wide variety of cell types. These fragments, C5a, C4a, and C3a, participate at all levels of the immune response and are also involved in other processes such as neural development and organ regeneration. Their primary function, however, is in inflammation, so they are important targets for the development of antiinflammatory therapies. Only three receptors for complement peptides have been found, but there are no satisfactory antagonists as yet, despite intensive investigation. In humans, there is a single receptor for C3a (C3a receptor), no known receptor for C4a, and two receptors for C5a (C5a₁ receptor and C5a₂ receptor). The most recently characterized receptor, the C5a₂ receptor (previously known as C5L2 or GPR77), has been regarded as a passive binding protein, but signaling activities are now ascribed to it, so we propose that it be formally identified as a receptor and be given a name to reflect this. Here, we describe the complex biology of the complement peptides, introduce a new suggested nomenclature, and review our current knowledge of receptor pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Klos
- Department for Medical Microbiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paradoxical glucose-sensitizing yet proinflammatory effects of acute ASP administration in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:713284. [PMID: 23737652 PMCID: PMC3666230 DOI: 10.1155/2013/713284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is an adipokine derived from the immune complement system, which stimulates fat storage and is typically increased in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Using a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, the acute effects of ASP on energy metabolism and inflammatory processes in vivo were evaluated. We hypothesized that ASP would specifically exert proinflammatory effects. C57Bl/6 wild-type mice were put on a high-fat-high-sucrose diet for 12 weeks. Mice were then subjected to both glucose and insulin tolerance tests, each manipulation being preceded by recombinant ASP or vehicle (control) bolus injection. ASP supplementation increased whole-body glucose excursion, and this was accomplished with reduced concomitant insulin levels. However, ASP did not directly alter insulin sensitivity. ASP supplementation induced a proinflammatory phenotype, with higher levels of cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma and in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle mRNA. Additionally, ASP increased M1 macrophage content of these tissues. ASP exerted a direct concentration-dependent role in the migration and M1 activation of cultured macrophages. Altogether, the in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that ASP plays a role in both energy metabolism and inflammation, with paradoxical whole-body glucose-sensitizing yet proinflammatory effects.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The alarming prevalence of obesity has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling energy homeostasis. Regulation of energy intake and expenditure is more complex than previously thought, being influenced by signals from many peripheral tissues. In this sense, a wide variety of peripheral signals derived from different organs contributes to the regulation of body weight and energy expenditure. Besides the well-known role of insulin and adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, in the regulation of energy homeostasis, signals from other tissues not previously thought to play a role in body weight regulation have emerged in recent years. The role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) produced by the liver in the regulation of body weight and insulin sensitivity has been recently described. Moreover, molecules expressed by skeletal muscle such as myostatin have also been involved in adipose tissue regulation. Better known is the involvement of ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and PYY(3-36), produced by the gut, in energy homeostasis. Even the kidney, through the production of renin, appears to regulate body weight, with mice lacking this hormone exhibiting resistance to diet-induced obesity. In addition, the skeleton has recently emerged as an endocrine organ, with effects on body weight control and glucose homeostasis through the actions of bone-derived factors such as osteocalcin and osteopontin. The comprehension of these signals will help in a better understanding of the aetiopathology of obesity, contributing to the potential development of new therapeutic targets aimed at tackling excess body fat accumulation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Munkonda MN, Lapointe M, Miegueu P, Roy C, Gauvreau D, Richard D, Cianflone K. Recombinant acylation stimulating protein administration to C3-/- mice increases insulin resistance via adipocyte inflammatory mechanisms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46883. [PMID: 23056509 PMCID: PMC3466186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complement 3 (C3), a key component of the innate immune system, is involved in early inflammatory responses. Acylation stimulating protein (ASP; aka C3adesArg), a C3 cleavage product, is produced in adipose tissue and stimulates lipid storage. We hypothesized that, depending on the diet, chronic ASP administration in C3−/− mice would affect lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity via an adaptive adipose tissue inflammatory response. Methodology/Principal Findings C3−/− mice on normal low fat diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) were chronically administered recombinant ASP (rASP) for 25 days via an osmotic mini-pump. While there was no effect on food intake, there was a decrease in activity, with a relative increase in adipose tissue weight on ND, and a shift in adipocyte size distribution. While rASP administration to C3−/− mice on a ND increased insulin sensitivity, on a HFD, rASP administration had the opposite effect. Specifically, rASP administration in C3−/− HFD mice resulted in decreased gene expression of IRS1, GLUT4, SREBF1 and NFκB in muscle, and decreased C5L2 but increased JNK, CD36, CD11c, CCR2 and NFκB gene expression in adipose tissue as well as increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (Rantes, KC, MCP-1, IL-6 and G-CSF). In adipose tissue, although IRS1 and GLUT4 mRNA were unchanged, insulin response was reduced. Conclusion The effects of chronic rASP administration are tissue and diet specific, rASP administration enhances the HFD induced inflammatory response leading to an insulin-resistant state. These results suggest that, in humans, the increased plasma ASP associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease could be an additional factor directly contributing to development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Nancy Munkonda
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Miegueu
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Danny Gauvreau
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roy C, Roy MC, Gauvreau D, Poulin AM, Tom FQ, Timofeeva E, Richard D, Cianflone K. Acute injection of ASP in the third ventricle inhibits food intake and locomotor activity in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E232-41. [PMID: 21540449 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00476.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP; also known as C3adesArg) stimulates triglyceride synthesis and glucose transport via interaction with its receptor C5L2, which is expressed peripherally (adipose tissue, muscle) and centrally. Previous studies have shown that ASP-deficient mice (C3KO) and C5L2-deficient mice (C5L2KO) are hyperphagic (59 to 229% increase, P < 0.0001), which is counterbalanced by increased energy expenditure measured as oxygen consumption (Vo(2)) and a lower RQ. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ASP's effect on food intake, energy expenditure, and neuropeptide expression. Male rats were surgically implanted with intracerebroventricular (icv) cannulas directed toward the third ventricle. After a 5-h fast, rats were injected, and food intake was assessed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 16, 24, and 48 h, with a 5- to 7-day washout period between each injection. Acute icv injections of ASP (0.3-1,065 pmol) had a time-dependent effect on decreasing food intake by 20 to 57% (P < 0.05). Decreases were detected by 30 min (maximum 57%, P < 0.01) and at the highest dose effects extended to 48 h (19%, P < 0.05, 24- to 48-h period). Daily body weight gain was decreased by 131% over the first 24 h and 29% over the second 24 h (P < 0.05). A conditioned taste aversion test indicated that there was no malaise. Furthermore, acute ASP injection affected energy substrate usage, demonstrated by decreased Vo(2) and RQ (P < 0.05; implicating greater fatty acid usage), with a 49% decrease in total activity over 24 h (P < 0.05). ASP administration also increased anorexic neuropeptide POMC expression (44%) in the arcuate nucleus, with no change in NPY. Altogether ASP may have central in addition to peripheral effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|