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Dahiya N, Sharma V, Kumar B, Thakur JS, Kumar S. Awareness and adherence to primary and primordial preventive measures among family members of patients with myocardial infarction-the unmet need for a "Preventive Clinic". Indian Heart J 2020; 72:454-458. [PMID: 33189213 PMCID: PMC7670253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of sudden death and cause significant morbidity. We planned this study to assess awareness of cardiovascular risk factors among kin of myocardial infarction patients. We assessed 382 individuals for their knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors. Less than 50% of subjects identified cardiovascular risk factors correctly. Amongst the kins of patients 19.1%, 18.5%, 15.4% were newly diagnosed to have hypertension, impaired fasting blood glucose, diabetes in this study. This study reveals that most of the subjects were unaware of risk factors and were reluctant to adopt a healthy lifestyle. This is a lost opportunity for community-level preventive interventions. There is an unmet need for active health education, follow up with electronic support systems, and a team approach for a model preventive clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Dahiya
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Vibhav Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Basant Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - J S Thakur
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Susheel Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Krupp K, Adsul P, Wilcox ML, Srinivas V, Frank E, Srinivas A, Madhivanan P. Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome among rural women in Mysore, India. Indian Heart J 2020; 72:582-588. [PMID: 33357649 PMCID: PMC7772584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a strong predictor of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Studies in urban India have found about one-third of Indians suffer from MetS. Less is known about the prevalence of MetS in rural areas, where 70% of the population reside. This study examined the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a population of rural women in India. Methods Data were gathered in a community-based study of 500 rural and tribal women residing in the Mysore district, between the age of 30–59 years. The study used the WHO STEPS approach, in which information on demographics and behavioral risk factors were collected. Along with anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids were measured. A harmonized definition of MetS recommended by International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention was used in this study. Results Three out of five study participants were found to have MetS (47.1%, n = 223). Of those, 56.5% met 3 of the 5 criteria, 32.2% met 4 criteria, and 11.2% met all 5 criteria. Among the entire sample, low HDL was the most prevalent criterion (88.4%), followed by elevated glucose (57.9%), elevated triglycerides (49.3%), elevated BP (41.5%), and increased waist circumference (15.3%). In this sample, women with METS were generally older (p < 0.001), housewives (p = 0.001), that consumed salty highly processed foods (p = 0.020) and had low physical activity (p = 0.015). Conclusions This study showed a high prevalence of MetS in rural women. There is a compelling need for interventions aimed at reducing CHD risk factors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Krupp
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India.
| | - Prajakta Adsul
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes for Health, USA
| | - Meredith L Wilcox
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Addison, IL, USA; MB Clinical Research, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Arun Srinivas
- Department of Cardiology, Apollo Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - Purnima Madhivanan
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India; Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death among women globally. Cardiovascular disease-related events are more common in older women compared with men and are more likely to result in death. Although research in high-income countries suggests that women have unique sociobiological CVD risk factors, only a few study authors have examined risk factor knowledge among women from low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess CVD risk factor knowledge among low-income urban Indian women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among a nonprobability sample of 607 slum-dwelling women, 40 to 64 years old, living in Mysore, India, between October 2017 and May 2018. Participants underwent an interviewer-administered questionnaire measuring demographics, CVD risk factor knowledge, and medical history. RESULTS Cardiovascular disease risk factor knowledge was low in this population and was associated with age, education, income, and caste. Approximately half of the participants (47%) answered less than 50% of the questions correctly, and a third had knowledge scores greater than 70%, which we defined as "good knowledge." Only 4 of 7 traditional CVD risk factors (ie, physical activity, smoking, overweight, and high cholesterol) were recognized by greater than half of the participants. The lowest knowledge levels were among older single women with no education and monthly household incomes less than Rs 3000 (approximately US $42). CONCLUSIONS Previous research among slum dwellers in India reported a high prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors compared with more affluent urban peers. Interventions aimed at CVD risk factor knowledge may be an important first step in controlling heart disease in this vulnerable population.
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Ammouri AA, Tailakh A, Isac C, Kamanyire JK, Muliira J, Balachandran S. Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors among a Community Sample in Oman: Pilot study. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2016; 16:e189-96. [PMID: 27226910 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.16.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Omani adults regarding conventional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and to identify demographic variables associated with these knowledge levels. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was carried out among a convenience sample of 130 adults attending a health awareness fair held in a local shopping mall in Muscat, Oman, in November 2012. A modified version of the Heart Disease Facts Questionnaire in both English and Arabic was used to assess knowledge of CHD risk factors. Scores were calculated by summing the correct answers for each item (range: 0-21). Inadequate knowledge was indicated by a mean score of <70%. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to establish the participants' knowledge levels and identify associated demographic variables. RESULTS A total of 114 subjects participated in the study (response rate: 87.7%). Of these, 69 participants (60.5%) had inadequate mean CHD knowledge scores. Knowledge of CHD risk factors was significantly associated with body mass index (odds ratio [OR] = 0.739; P = 0.023), marital status (OR = 0.057; P = 0.036) and education level (OR = 9.243; P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Low knowledge levels of CHD risk factors were observed among the studied community sample in Oman; this is likely to limit the participants' ability to engage in preventative practices. These findings support the need for education programmes to enhance awareness of risk factors and prevention of CHD in Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Ammouri
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ayman Tailakh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, California State University, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Chandrani Isac
- Department of Adult Health & Critical Care, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Joy K Kamanyire
- Department of Adult Health & Critical Care, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Joshua Muliira
- Department of Adult Health & Critical Care, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shreedevi Balachandran
- Department of Adult Health & Critical Care, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Temu TM, Kirui N, Wanjalla C, Ndungu AM, Kamano JH, Inui TS, Bloomfield GS. Cardiovascular health knowledge and preventive practices in people living with HIV in Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:421. [PMID: 26466584 PMCID: PMC4607097 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors contribute to increase risk of CVD in people living with HIV (PLWH). Of all world regions, sub-Saharan Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV yet little is known about PLWH's CVD knowledge and self- perceived risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we assessed PLWH's knowledge, perception and attitude towards cardiovascular diseases and their prevention. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in the largest HIV care program in western Kenya. Trained research assistants used validated questionnaires to assess CVD risk patterns. We used logistic regression analysis to identify associations between knowledge with demographic variables, HIV disease characteristics, and individuals CVD risk patterns. RESULTS There were 300 participants in the study; median age (IQR) was 40 (33-46) years and 64 % women. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity were 70 %, 33 % and 8 %, respectively. Participant's knowledge of risk factors was low with a mean (SD) score of 1.3 (1.3) out of possible 10. Most (77.7 %) could not identify any warning signs for heart attack. Higher education was a strong predictor of CVD risk knowledge (6.72, 95 % CI 1.98-22.84, P < 0.0001). Self-risk perception towards CHD was low (31 %) and majority had inappropriate attitude towards CVD risk reduction. CONCLUSION Despite a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors, PLWH in Kenya lack CVD knowledge and do not perceived themselves at risk for CHD. These results emphasis the need for behavior changes interventions to address the stigma and promote positive health behaviors among the high risk HIV population in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tecla M. Temu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI USA
| | - Nicholas Kirui
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Division of Medicine, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Alfred M. Ndungu
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Jemima H. Kamano
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- AMPATH Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya
- Division of Medicine, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Thomas S. Inui
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- AMPATH Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya
- Division of Medicine, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Gerald S. Bloomfield
- Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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Awad A, Al-Nafisi H. Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1131. [PMID: 25367768 PMCID: PMC4237772 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is estimated to cause 46% of all mortalities in Kuwait. To design effective primary and secondary prevention programs, an assessment of a population's prior CVD knowledge is of paramount importance. There is scarcity of data on the existing CVD knowledge among the general Kuwaiti population. Hence, this study was performed to assess the level of knowledge towards CVD types, warning symptoms of heart attack or stroke, and CVD risk factors. It also explored public views on the community pharmacists' role in CVD prevention and management. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed using a pretested self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 900 randomly selected Kuwaiti individuals. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used in data analysis. RESULTS The response rate was 90.7%. Respondents' knowledge about types of CVD, heart attack or stroke symptoms was low. Almost 60% of respondents did not know any type of CVD, and coronary heart disease was the commonest identified type (29.0%). Two-fifths of participants were not aware of any heart attack symptoms, and the most commonly known were chest pain (50.4%) and shortness of breath (48.0%). Approximately half of respondents did not recognize any stroke symptoms, and the most commonly recognized were 'confusion or trouble speaking' (36.4%) and 'numbness or weakness' (34.7%). Respondents' knowledge regarding CVD risk factors was moderate. The commonest factors identified by over four-fifths of participants were smoking, obesity, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of better level of CVD knowledge were females, age 50-59 years, high level of education, regular eating of healthy diet, and had a family history of CVD. Most of respondents only identified the role that pharmacists had to play is to help patients manage their medications, with a minimal role in other aspects of CVD prevention and management. CONCLUSIONS There are deficiencies in CVD knowledge among Kuwaiti population, which could turn into insufficient preventative behaviours and suboptimal patient outcomes. There is an apparent need to establish more wide-spread and effective educational interventions, which should be sensitive to the perceptions, attitudes, and abilities of targeted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim Awad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110 Kuwait
| | - Hala Al-Nafisi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110 Kuwait
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Salaudeen AG, Musa OI, Babatunde OA, Atoyebi OA, Durowade KA, Omokanye LO. Knowledge and prevalence of risk factors for arterial hypertension and blood pressure pattern among bankers and traffic wardens in Ilorin, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:593-9. [PMID: 25352877 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High job strain, mental stress, sedentary lifestyle, increase in BMI are among the factors associated with significantly higher incidence of hypertension. The job of bank employees is both sedentary in nature and accompanies high mental stress. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge of risk factors among respondents and to compare the blood pressure pattern of bankers and traffic wardens. METHODOLOGY The study design is a descriptive cross-sectional conducted among bankers and traffic wardens in Ilorin to determine the pattern and knowledge of blood pressure. Self-administered questionnaires, weighing scale (Omron Digital scale), stadiometer and sphygmomanometer were used as the research instruments. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents involved in the study. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension in this study was 34.4% in bankers and 22.2% in traffic wardens. The risk factors the bankers commonly had knowledge of are alcohol, obesity, high salt intake, certain drugs, stress, emotional problems and family history while the traffic wardens commonly had knowledge of all these in addition to cigarette smoking. Also, more bankers (32.2%) than traffic wardens (13.3%) were smoking cigarette and more of these cigarette smokers that are bankers (17.8%) had elevated blood pressure compared to the traffic wardens (3.3%). CONCLUSION Workers in the banking industry as well as traffic wardens should be better educated about the risk factors of hypertension and bankers should be encouraged to create time for exercise.
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Vaidya A, Aryal UR, Krettek A. Cardiovascular health knowledge, attitude and practice/behaviour in an urbanising community of Nepal: a population-based cross-sectional study from Jhaukhel-Duwakot Health Demographic Surveillance Site. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e002976. [PMID: 24157816 PMCID: PMC3808775 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study determined the knowledge, attitude and practice/behaviour of cardiovascular health in residents of a semiurban community of Nepal. DESIGN To increase the understanding of knowledge, attitude and practice/behaviour towards cardiovascular health, we conducted in-home interviews using a questionnaire based on the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance and other resources, scoring all responses. We also recorded blood pressure and took anthropometric measurements. SETTING Our study was conducted as part of the Heart-Health-Associated Research and Dissemination in the Community project in the Jhaukhel-Duwakot Health Demographic Surveillance Site in two urbanising villages near Kathmandu. PARTICIPANTS The study population included 777 respondents from six randomly selected clusters in both villages. RESULTS Seventy per cent of all participants were women and 26.9% lacked formal education. The burden of cardiovascular risk factors was high; 20.1% were current smokers, 43.3% exhibited low physical activity and 21.6% were hypertensive. Participants showed only poor knowledge of heart disease causes; 29.7% identified hypertension and 11% identified overweight and physical activity as causes, whereas only 2.2% identified high blood sugar as causative. Around 60% of respondents did not know any heart attack symptoms compared with 20% who knew 2-4 symptoms. Median percentage scores for knowledge, attitude and practice/behaviour were 79.3, 74.3 and 48, respectively. Nearly 44% of respondents had insufficient knowledge and less than 20% had highly satisfactory knowledge. Among those with highly satisfactory knowledge, only 14.7% had a highly satisfactory attitude and 19.5% and 13.9% had satisfactory and highly satisfactory practices, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a gap between cardiovascular health knowledge, attitude and practice/behaviour in a semiurban community in a low-income nation, even among those already affected by cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Vaidya
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Nordic School of Public Health NHV, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Umesh Raj Aryal
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Nordic School of Public Health NHV, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Krettek
- Nordic School of Public Health NHV, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Joshi A, Mehta S, Grover A, Talati K, Malhotra B, Puricelli Perin DM. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of individuals to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome in an Indian setting. Diabetes Technol Ther 2013; 15:644-53. [PMID: 23937641 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2012.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior play a large role in preventing and managing the risk factors making up metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is associated with increased morbidity and mortality per the World Health Organization criteria. The objective of the study was to examine the current health literacy levels, risk perceptions about MetS, and associated management challenges in diverse Indian settings. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed during the period of April-May 2012 by enrolling 125 individuals at risk of MetS from urban, rural, and slum settings in India. A convenience sample was recruited from primary care clinics. In-depth interviews were conducted using ground theory and framework analysis. Individuals 30 years old and above with confirmed diagnosis of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia and willing to participate in the in-depth interviews were included in the study. Individuals involved in other research studies were excluded. RESULTS Difficulty in understanding healthcare information was commonly reported, especially in rural and slum settings. Only 10% of the individuals perceived lifestyle behaviors as a risk factor of acquiring MetS. Significant disparities were seen among urban, rural, and slum individuals about using diet and exercise as means to manage their MetS. Individuals in slum and rural settings were rarely advised about diet and exercise approaches to manage MetS. Access to appropriate information and direction from the healthcare professionals is lacking. CONCLUSIONS Different perceptions about MetS and its varied management approaches exist across the three settings. An urgent need exists to develop interactive health education programs that can enhance self-management approaches to meet the growing burden of MetS by providing access to right information applicable to individuals living in diverse Indian settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Joshi
- Center for Global Health and Development, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Mukattash TL, Shara M, Jarab AS, Al-Azzam SI, Almaaytah A, Al Hamarneh YN. Public knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors: a cross-sectional study of 1000 Jordanians. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2012; 20:367-76. [PMID: 23134095 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2012.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the level of the current knowledge and understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Jordan's general public, their behaviour towards CVD and the factors associated with different CVD knowledge levels. METHODS The data in the present study were collected using an interview-administered questionnaire. One thousand members of the general public were interviewed face to face. CVD knowledge was computed as a continuous variable. KEY FINDINGS The present study reports limited public knowledge and awareness of CVD. Participants were more likely to have better CVD knowledge scores if they were non-smokers, always or often paid attention to their diet, reported having an 'about right' weight, occupied a very high socioeconomic level, held a university degree and had positive family history of CVD. Participants indicated that the community pharmacists had to play a role in helping patients manage their prescribed medicines; however, they did not recognise the community pharmacists' role in other areas of CVD prevention and management. CONCLUSION The present study reports that the general public in Jordan has limited knowledge and awareness of CVD. In planning to positively impact CVD prevention and management, community pharmacists must develop and promote effective and accessible services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq L Mukattash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Zaman MJ, Patel A, Jan S, Hillis GS, Raju PK, Neal B, Chow CK. Socio-economic distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and knowledge in rural India. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 41:1302-14. [PMID: 22345313 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the prevalence, screening and knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) by socio-economic position (SEP) in rural India. METHODS An age- and sex-stratified random sample of 4535 adults was recruited from rural Andhra Pradesh and a questionnaire was administered to assess prevalence, screening and knowledge of CVRFs and record recent attempts to modify behaviour. Education, income and occupation were used to measure SEP. RESULTS Lower fruit intake and higher tobacco and alcohol use were found in those with lower SEP. Overweight, physical inactivity, diabetes, hypertension, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and previous CVD (men only) were greater in higher SEP participants. Lower SEP participants had less blood pressure, glucose or cholesterol screening and less knowledge of nine CVRFs. Regardless of SEP, participants knowledgeable of the harms of a CVRF were more likely to have attempted to modify behaviour. For example, knowledge of benefits of smoking cessation was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for attempting to quit: in educated participants-OR 3.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10-6.42; in participants with no education-OR 3.98, 95% CI 2.27-6.97. CONCLUSIONS Some biological CVRFs were worse in higher SEP participants while some behavioural risk factors were worse in lower SEP participants. Lower SEP participants had less CVRF screening and knowledge of CVRFs. Those with knowledge of CVRFs were more likely to make healthy behavioural changes. Our findings suggest equipping rural Indians with knowledge about CVRFs may ameliorate projected future increases in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Justin Zaman
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Pandey RA, Khadka I. Knowledge regarding preventive measures of heart disease among the adult population in Kathmandu. Health (London) 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.49094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Al Hamarneh YN, Crealey GE, McElnay JC. Coronary heart disease: health knowledge and behaviour. Int J Clin Pharm 2011; 33:111-23. [PMID: 21365403 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-010-9467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the current level of knowledge and understanding of CHD in the general public in Northern Ireland and to identify factors that are associated with higher knowledge levels. SETTING Six provincial centres in Northern Ireland. METHODS The data in the present study were collected using an interview administered questionnaire. 1,000 members of the general public were interviewed face-to-face. CHD knowledge was computed as a continuous variable, i.e. higher score represents better CHD knowledge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE CHD knowledge in the general public in Northern Ireland. RESULTS Study respondents displayed limited knowledge and understanding of CHD. Study respondents who achieved higher CHD knowledge scores were more likely to report: exercising for 30 min three times or more per week, paying attention to their diet, being overweight, having a family history of CHD, living in a higher socioeconomic area (according to postcode) and having attended tertiary education. Respondents in the present study while recognising the role that community pharmacists had to play in helping patients manage their prescribed medicines, did not recognise the community pharmacists' role in other aspects of CHD detection or management. CONCLUSION The deficit in CHD knowledge could translate into inadequate preventative behaviour patterns and suboptimal clinical outcomes. If community pharmacists wish to become increasingly involved in public health delivery relating to CHD they need to develop effective and accessible services and promote these to the public who at present do not recognise this role of the community pharmacist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazid N Al Hamarneh
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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